Iran's Majlis Speaker Ali Larijani has lashed out at the United Nations for keeping silent on the ongoing massacre of Muslims in Myanmar, urging the international body to dispatch peacekeeping forces to the Southeast Asian country.
“Why don’t you dispatch peacekeeping forces to Myanmar to avoid the killing of Muslims as you sent peacekeepers to Syria?” said Larijani in an open session of the Majlis on Sunday.
According to recent reports, Muslims in Myanmar are in a tragic human plight. Reports say 650 of the nearly one million Rohingya Muslims have been killed as of June 28 during clashes in the western region of Rakhine. This is while 1,200 others are missing and 90,000 more have been displaced.
They are deprived of basic rights including education and employment and are subject to forced labor, extortion and other coercive measures.
The government of Myanmar refuses to recognize Rohingyas, who it claims are not natives, and classifies them as illegal migrants, although they have lived in the country for generations.
Larijani also made a reference to Wednesday’s deadly terrorist attack in Syria and said, “Instead of condemning the issue of terrorism, the US, Britain and France announced that the Syrian government should change.”
The Iranian Majlis speaker added that these countries praise any act of terror if it serves their interests, and reward any measure against Muslim countries.
Last Wednesday, Syrian Defense Minister Dawoud Rajiha, Deputy Defense Minister Assef Shawkat, National Security chief General Hisham Bekhtiar and Assistant Vice President Hassan Turkmani were killed in a bomb attack on the headquarters of the National Security Bureau in the Syrian capital, Damascus.
The so-called Free Syrian Army (FSA) rebels claimed responsibility for the attack, threatening more violence in the Syrian capital in the coming days.
Sources Here :
ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္၊ ေမာင္းေတာၿမဳိ႕နယ္၊ နယ္ေျမခံရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႔မွ ရဲအုပ္သန္းတင္ သည္ေမာင္းေတာၿမဳိ႕တြင္ အဓိ ကရုဏ္းျဖစ္ပြားစဥ္ ကာလတြင္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ား၏ အေဆာက္အဦမ်ား၊ ေနအိမ္မ်ားႏွင့္ဆုိင္မ်ား ကုိနယ္ေျမခံ ရခုိင္ အစြန္းေရာက္မ်ားႏွင့္ပူးေပါင္း၍ လုယက္ ခဲ့ေၾကာင္း ေမာင္းေတာၿမဳိ႕မွရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားမွ တဆင့္ သတင္း ရရွိပါသည္။
ယခုအခါႏုိင္ငံေတာ္အစုိးရမွေမာင္းေတာၿမဳိ႕ရွိစီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ားကုိျပန္လည္လည္ပတ္ရန္အေၾကာင္းၾကားေသာေၾကာင့္ ေဒသခံရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမြတ္စလင္မ်ားမွမိမိတုိ႔၏ဆုိင္မ်ား၊ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားျပန္ လည္ဖြင့္လွစ္ ရန္ႀကဳိးစားေနေသာ္ လည္း၊ ရဲအုပ္သန္းတင္၏အတင္းအဓမၼမတရားေငြညွစ္ေနမႈေၾကာင့္ ဆုိင္ပုိင္ရွင္မ်ား၊ လုပ္ငန္း ရွင္မ်ားအလြန္တရာစိတ္ပ်က္၍ ဒုကၡေရာက္ေနေၾကာင္းသိရသည္။ ရဲအုပ္ သန္း တင္ေတာင္းေသာေငြေၾကး မွာ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဆုိင္ပုိင္ရွင္မ်ား၊ လုပ္ငန္းရွင္မ်ား မတတ္ႏုိင္ေသာ ပမာ ဏျဖ စ္ သည္။
ေမာင္းေတာၿမဳိ႕၏အေျခအေနကုိတည္ၿငိမ္ေအာင္ႀကဳိးစားေနေသာ္လည္း အကယ္၍ ရဲအုပ္ သန္းတင္ကုိေမာင္းေတာၿမဳိ႕မွ အျခားၿမဳိ႕သုိ႔မေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ပါ ေမာင္းေတာၿမဳိ႕တြင္ အျမဲတေစျပႆ နာျဖစ္ေနမည္ ဟုေဒသခံ မ်ားကေျပာဆုိသည္။
RB News Desk
The Rohingyas are the most defenseless religious minority in the world. However, their fate draws very little attention from the international community. They live in an impoverished enclave between Myanmar and Bangladesh. Since Myanmar’s independence from the British in 1948, thousands of Rohingyas have fled to Bangladesh to escape racial and religious prosecution by the Buddhist Rakhines and the Burmese military junta.
The Rohingyas have lived in the Arakan region for hundreds of years. However, the annexation of this independent province in 1784 by the Burmese government forced the Rohingyas to endure discriminatory policies, persecution through their marginalization and the restriction of their movement, their marriage, and constantly confiscating their land and driving them to annihilation.
In 1977, almost the Burmese junta launched Nagar Min (Dragon King) ― a military operation that drove thousands of Rohingyas to a camp at Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh as a form of ethnic cleansing as hundreds died and thousands were left without food or shelter.
In the past decade, the Bangladeshi government has tightened its borders with Burma, as it has already more than 25,000 Rohingya refugees. Faced with a scarcity of land, lack of financial resources and inability to cope with this deluge of refugees, the government turned its back on this helpless minority.
The “dark-skinned” Rohingyas, who have some physical traits similar to Bangladeshis have always suffered abuse. The junta passed a law in 1982 that stripped them of their citizenship and made them unwelcome people with no place they can call home. They became the Roma of East Asia. The junta calls them “dogs, thieves, terrorists, and mulattos.” The official state newspaper, The Myanmar Alin, refers to the persecuted Muslims with derogatory names, such as “Kalar,” which means black. Recently, when Myanmar’s opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, in her European tour, was asked about the recent attacks on the Rohingyas that left dozens killed and thousands displaced, her answer was, “I don’t know.” Not a reassuring statement for the Rohingyas’ future.
The Muslim world bears a historic moral responsibility in choosing to ignore the continuous ethnic cleansing of the Rohingyas. I am sure that the Arab states can afford a meager portion of the billions of dollars in their coffers to ease some of the hunger and thirst of these forgotten people.
Zerougui Abdelkader
Adjunct professor, Ph.D.
American University
A Rohingya Muslim man who fled Myanmar to Bangladesh to escape religious violence, cries after he and others were intercepted in Taknaf, Bangladesh. (PHOTO AP, Anurup Titu)
Although continuing violence against the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar alarmed the international community, bringing their plight to the international agenda, experts agree that Muslims in Myanmar are the victims of a global power struggle and that the international community should end its silence on the situation affecting the Southeast Asian country.
“Muslims in Myanmar are the victims of the strategic interests of the big powers,” Selçuk Çolakoğlu, an expert from the Ankara-based International Strategic Research Organization (USAK), told Sunday’s Zaman, adding that the Myanmar issue has an international dimension.
The first glimmer of violence in Myanmar occurred in June after claims that three Rohingya Muslims raped a Buddhist woman. Following the allegations, extremist Buddhists started killing Muslims living in Arakan province, the location of the recently escalating violence in the country, near Bangladesh. “What kind of solution can be found for the conflict is a question mark. The issue should be put on the UN agenda. But it’s impossible for the UN Security Council to issue a resolution against the Myanmar government due to Chinese influence. Myanmar’s government has had very close relations with China for 20 years. Therefore, Myanmar is an important country for the other powers due to its relationship with China. The competition for leadership between China and the US in the Indian Ocean is serious.
Recent visits by US officials to Myanmar are to break Chinese influence in the region,” said Çolakoğlu.
Agreeing with Çolakoğlu regarding the role of the global powers in Myanmar, Sait Demir from Turkey’s Humanitarian Aid Foundation (IHH), told Sunday’s Zaman that the major powers had significant interests in Myanmar, adding that due to these policies they remain silent on the situation in Myanmar. “Myanmar also has important natural resources. Therefore, the US and China have conflicting policies in Myanmar,” said Demir, adding that both powers supported Myanmar’s government.
According to official statistics, 4 percent of the 75 million people in the country are Muslim, while 89 percent are Buddhist. The Muslims are not seen as citizens of Myanmar by nationalist Myanmar leaders, officials and fanatical Buddhists, and in turn are exposed to discrimination.
“Myanmar’s government has an important role in the current conflict. Since the independence of the country, there has been an exclusionary policy carried out by the government against the Rohingyan Muslims to create a nation-state based on the Buddhist ethnic group. In this sense, the other religious and ethnic groups are either being assimilated or forced to migrate. This policy is carried out to reduce the influence of these groups within the country,” said Çolakoğlu, adding that the conflict in Myanmar had two aspects, ethnic and religious.
Tun Khin, president of the Rohingya Organization, said the international community should take immediate action concerning the situation in Myanmar, adding that pressure should be put on the government.
Stating that the attacks on Muslims are not a sectarian issue, Khin claimed that the regime in the country had prepared a plan to murder Muslims.
Agreeing with Khin, Demir said Myanmar’s government was provoking the conflicts between Muslims and Buddhists, adding the government was arming the Buddhists against Muslims. “The government is applying a divide and rule policy,” said Demir.
Turkey has called on international organizations, especially the UN, not to remain silent about the violence against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar.
Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu spoke with the secretary-general of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, and Bangladeshi Foreign Minister Dipu Moni last week about the situation of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar.
A Turkish diplomatic official told Sunday’s Zaman that Turkey was following the situation in Myanmar closely, adding that Turkey has always supported the reform process in Myanmar. “Turkey is currently carrying out a fact finding process in Myanmar. Turkey has contacts with both the OIC and the UN. Turkey is also in touch with authorities in Myanmar and Bangladesh,” said the same official.
Meanwhile, to mobilize international opposition to the situation, during a visit to China in June İhsanoğlu discussed the situation with Chinese authorities, pleading with them to closely follow the situation and to take the initiative with its southern neighbor Myanmar, with which it has close relations.
Myanmar President Thein Sein declared a state of emergency in Arakan province following clashes between Buddhists and Muslims and deployed army troops to restore stability.
Defining the attacks as “ethnic cleansing based on race and religion,” Wakar Uddin, chairman of the Arakan Rohingya Union (ARU), said the state of emergency in Arakan further was further deteriorating the living conditions of Muslims, while Buddhists ignored the state of emergency.
Decades of discrimination have left the Rohingya stateless, with Myanmar implementing restrictions on their movement and withholding land rights, education and public services.
Myanmar’s government is currently not allowing any media organizations to enter the country.
“No one is allowed to enter Arakan province. The government has also arrested UN staff in Myanmar,” said Demir.
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) spokesperson Melissa Fleming said last Friday that 10 UN staff and aid workers have been arrested in Myanmar. Martin Nesirky, spokesman for the UN secretary-general, also confirmed this news, adding that the UN was following the situation with concern.
There are also contradictory figures regarding the death toll of Muslims in Arakan province. An aid team from the United Nations, which is the only foreign team that was allowed to enter the region, has said the death toll was neither as low as Myanmar’s government had declared nor as high as activists have claimed.
“The number of deaths is not clear, and it is contradictory. It is not possible to find the bodies of the Muslims. It is said that 1,500 bodies are lost,” said Demir.
While tens of thousands of Muslims fled Myanmar due to the violence, Bangladeshi authorities did not allow the Rohingyans waiting at the border gates to seek refuge in their country.
“Even though Bangladesh closed its doors to Rohingyan Muslims, there are still 150,000 Rohingyans in refugee camps in Bangladesh,” said Demir, adding that relations between Myanmar and Bangladesh had deteriorated due to the Rohingyan Muslim issue.
Demir stated that Rohingyans, who are denied citizenship and ethnic recognition in Myanmar and instead are viewed as illegal immigrants from Bangladesh, are not allowed to work or have a house, adding that there is no electricity in Muslim villages in Myanmar.
Although, local sources claimed last Monday that the conflict had somewhat eased, Demir, who has been serving in Myanmar for nine years, said he didn’t believe that the conflict had eased, adding that the Myanmar government had started deploying army troops near the region to provoke the conflict.
Sources Here :
In Myanmar, whenever government face any political failure, she gear up pressure of persecution on Rohingya people or Islam. To do this systematically, the government gives training all of her servants including police, immigrations, officers, educators and religious monks against Islam and Muslims. Christians are also persecuted but not much like Muslims. There was an anti-Chinese riot in 1967, killed many Chinese and looted their properties, later, Burmese Buddhists look Chinese as pro-Buddhist partners, and they believe that they can make Chinese to be Theravada Buddhists easily.
Muslims dedicatedly and sincerely worked for Myanmar during the Dynasties periods, colonial periods, and parliament democratic periods but in the Socialist government period, the government started to restrict Muslims rights, and cleared Muslim history especially primary sources such as ancient monuments, books, peoples who were educated. The government has been using “divide and rule policy” to make Muslims as dangerous threat for the country. Immigration’s slogan is “The earth cannot swallow population, people can swallow Myanmar population”, it applies for the Muslims only. In the government schools, Buddhist worship-rooms are installed and every morning before students start the lessons they should recite Buddhist religious saying including the Muslims students, whoever doesn’t like to recite got punishment.
After 1988 demonstrations, the government has been encouraging to do Buddhist activities in every street, every quarter, and every office. As the same time, she has been warning the danger of Islam and Muslims. She uses Immigration law as the main persecution tool. It is very easy to clear all evidences of Muslims but in Arakan State, it is very difficult because there are a lot of historical monuments, records, and primary sources. So her main priority target became Arakanese Muslims called Rohingya. Firstly, she destroyed and cleared all historical monuments which proved that Rohingya are original inhabitants of Myanmar. There are still thousands of historical facts that affirmed Rohingya’s existence before British occupied Myanmar in 1826-1885. If you study Random House’s Compact Atlas of World History, page 60 and 61, you could find map of Islamic State in the Arakan. Thousands of historians wrote including Myanmar historian about Rohingya and Muslims but the government is still denying Rohingya’s existence. It is like a person who feels sun’s light and heat, then denies the existence of Sun.
How did government clear the evidences of ancient monuments of Muslims?
The Arakanese Kings with Muslim names and titles
According to former Chairman of Historical Commission, Burma, Lt. Col. Ba Shin’s “Coming of Islam to Burma 1700 AD”, Min Sawmon as Solaiman Shah, the founder of Mrauk-U dynasty and his successor were greatly influenced by Islamic culture. The practice of adopting a Muslim name or title by the Arakanese kings continued for more than two hundred years (1430 – 1638). This titles which appeared in Arabic script / Persian Kufic on their coins is given below:
No. Names of the Kings Muslim Names Reigning Period
1. Narameikhla (a) Sawmon Solaiman Shah 1430-1434 AD.
2. Meng Khari (a) Naranu Ali Khan 1434-1459
3. Ba Saw Pru Kalima Shah 1459-1482
4. Dawlya Mathu Shah 1482-1492
5. Ba Saw Nyo Mohammed Shah 1492-1493
6. Ran Aung Noori Shah 1493-1494
7. Salimgathu Sheikh Abdullah Shah 1494-1501
8. Meng Raza Ilias Shah - I 1501-1513
9. Kasabadi Ilias Shah -II 1513-1515
10. Meng Saw Oo Jalal Shah 1515
11. Thatsa Ali Shah 1515-1521
12. Min Khaung Raza El-Shah Azad 1521-1531
13. Min Bin (a) Min Pa Gri Zabuk Shah 1531-1553
14. Min Dikha Daud Khan 1553-1555
15. Min Phalaung Sikendar Shah 1571-1591
16. Min Razagri Salim Shah - I 1593-1612
17. Min Khamaung Hussain Shah 1612-1622
18. Thiri Thudama Salim Shah - II 1622-1637
Ref:( Lt. Col. Ba Shin, Coming of Islam to Burma 1700 AD, op. cit., P.5; Dr. Qanungo, A History of Chittagong, Vo. 1, op. cit., P. 233, 239, 250 & 271; Moshe Yegar, The Muslims of Burma, 1972, op. cit., P.19; Siddiq Khan, op. cit., PP. 248-249; Harvey, op. cit., P140; D.G.E Hall, op. cit., P.330; ABM Habibullah, Arakan in Pre-Mughal History of Bengal, JASB, 1945, PP. 34-35)
Iran's permanent representative to the United Nations Mohammad Khazaie urged UN Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon to interfere promptly in efforts to bring an end to ethnic cleansing of minority Muslims in Myanmar, Press TV reported.
"The United Nations must take urgent measures to preserve the spirit of the [UN] Charter and protect the fundamental rights of the Muslim people in Myanmar by calling upon the Government in Myanmar to put an end to the crackdown against Muslims," Khazaie said in a formal letter to the UN Secretary General.
A copy of the letter has also been forwarded to UN's High Commissionaire for Human Rights Navi Pillay as well as Director of the UN Office for Humanitarian Affairs Valeri Amos.
"Recent crackdown by Myanmar security forces against Muslim minority in Rohingya province has resulted in human losses and suffering of hundreds of innocent civilians, destruction of mosques and homes and eviction of people from their homeland, which constitutes violations of their fundamental rights," the letter said.
"We believe that ethnic and religious cleansing against Muslims under whatever pretext is unjustifiable and inexcusable under recognized international law," it said.
It has further described as highly "disturbing" remarks by Myanmar authorities suggesting attempts to strip the nation's Muslim minority of their citizenship rights despite "the fact that Muslim people in Rohingya have been living there for centuries."
Khazaie's letter also calls on Secretary General to "interfere expeditiously and outspokenly, as you did with other similar situations and to take every appropriate measure in order to halt the current situation and to prevent further similar tragedy to happen against Muslim people of Myanmar."
Moreover, the document cautioned that inaction by the international community toward the ongoing human rights violations by the Myanmar Government "would contribute to the grave violations of fundamental rights of Muslim inhabitants as well as the international law and make an appalling precedent in international relations."
The letter finally called on the Myanmar Government to address the concerns of its Muslim citizens and the international community "in a positive and constructive manner" and allow Rohingya Muslims to "return to their homeland in honor, safety and dignity."
As the result of violence perpetrated against Rohingya Muslims by radical Buddhists and police forces in Myanmar, over 650 Muslims have so far been killed in the country and another 1,200 reported missing.
Last week Friday, Myanmar's President Thein Sein declared that Rohingya Muslims must be expelled from the country and sent to refugee camps run by the United Nations.
The government of Myanmar refuses to recognize Rohingyas, who it claims are not natives and classifies as illegal migrants, although Rohingyas are believed to be Muslim descendants of Persian, Turkish, Bengali, and Pathan origin that migrated to Myanmar as early as the 8th century.
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မၾကာေသးခင္လပုိင္းမ်ားအတြင္းက ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဆန္႔ က်င္ေရးလႈပ္ရွား မႈမ်ားျပည္တြင္းျပည္ပ ဆုိသလုိတသီ တသန္းႀကီးေပၚထြက္လာခဲ့သည္။ အခ်ဳိ႕website မ်ားႏွင့္ blog မ်ားတြင္ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းမႈကုိ လုိလားေသာ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာ မ်ားကုိစူးစူး ရွရွနက္နက္ရွဳိင္းရွဳိင္း လူမ်ဳိးေရးမုန္းတီးမႈျဖစ္ေပၚေစေသာ အေရးအသား မ်ား ကုိ တင္လာေသာေၾကာင့္ လူအမ်ားအံ့ အားသင့္ ခဲ့ၾက သည္။
၎ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဆန္႔က်င္ေရး၀ါဒျဖန္႔ခ်ီျခင္းမ်ားကုိစစ္အာဏာရွင္အစုိးရႏွင့္အစြန္းေရာက္ရခုိင္ပညာရွင္မ်ား၊ ႏုိင္ ငံေရး သမားအခ်ဳိ႕ပူးေပါင္းၿပီးၾကံ စည္လုပ္လာခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ဤကိစၥ သည္ျပည္သူ႕ အစုိးရဟု အေရၿခဳံ စစ္အစုိးရ၏အျမင့္ဆုံးႏုိင္ငံေရးအဖြဲ႕အစည္းျဖစ္သည့္ေနျပည္ေတာ္ ပါလီမန္လႊတ္ေတာ္တြင္ ပင္ေရာက္ရွိေနၿ ပီျဖစ္သည္။ စစ္အစုိးရႏွင့္လူမ်ဳိးေရးမုန္းတီးစိတ္ရွိေသာလူအခ်ဳိ႕ကရုိဟင္ဂ်ာတုိင္းရင္းသားလူနည္းစု အျဖစ္တည္ရွိမႈကုိျငင္းခဲ့ၾကသည့္အျပင္တရားမ၀င္ရခုိင္ျပည္ထဲသုိ႔ခုိး၀င္ေနထုိင္ၾကသည့္ဘဂၤလီမ်ားဟုမဟုတ္မမွန္စြပ္စြဲခဲ့ၾကသည္။ ထုိကဲ့သုိ႔ မဟုတ္မမွန္လုပ္ႀကံ၍၀ါဒျဖန္႔ခ်ီေနျခင္းကုိ ကမာၻတစ္၀န္းက ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားက၀ုိင္း၀န္းရွဳတ္ခ်ခဲ့ၾကသည္။ ဤကိစၥႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ၂၀၁၁ ခုႏွစ္စက္တင္ဘာ (၁၅) ရက္ေန႔တြင္ႏုိင္ငံတကာရွိျမန္မာသံရုံးမ်ားေရွ႕တြင္ဆႏၵျပကန္႔ကြက္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။ လန္ဒန္ၿမဳိ႕တြင္ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ေသာ ဆႏၵျပပြဲတြင္ျမန္မာတုိင္းရင္းသားမ်ားႏွင့္ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား၊ ဒီမုိကေရစီအေရးလႈပ္ရွားသူမ်ား၊ အားေပးေထာက္ခံသည့္ေဒသခံျပည္သူမ်ားႏွင့္ အစုိးရမဟုတ္ေသာအဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားမွ ၀ုိင္း၀န္း ပါ၀င္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။ ဤဆႏၵျပပြဲတြင္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာတုိ႔သည္ျမန္မာလူမႈအသုိင္းအ၀ုိင္း၏တစိတ္တပုိင္းျဖစ္ ၾကေၾကာင္း၎တုိ႔သည္လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးအမ်ားဆုံးခ်ဳိးေဖာက္ခံရေသာအႏွိပ္စက္ခံရဆုံးလူမ်ဳိးျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းကုိအေလးအနက္ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
အဘယ္ေၾကာင့္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဆန္႔က်င္ေရး၀ါဒျဖန္႔ခ်ီေနၾကရသနည္း
ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဆန္႔က်င္ေရး ၀ါဒျဖန္႔ခ်ီေနျခင္းမွာ ဒီမုိကေရစီစံႏႈန္းႏွင့္ ဆန္႔က်င္ေသာ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခုျဖစ္သည္။ ဤကဲ့သုိ႔လုပ္ေနရျခင္း၏ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ မွာ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာတုိ႔ကုိ ၎တုိ႔၏ အခြင့္အေရး၊ လြတ္လပ္မႈစေသာ တုိင္းရင္းသားျဖစ္ျခင္း၊ ႏုိင္ငံသားျဖစ္ျခင္း အခြင့္အေရးတုိ႔ကုိ မေပးခ်င္ေသာေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္သည္။ထုိ႔အျပင္ဤလႈပ္ရွားမႈတြင္စစ္အစုိးရ၏ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ကုိေျပာရေသာ္
(၁)လက္ရွိကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္တြင္ႀကဳံေတြ႔ေနရေသာႏုိင္ငံေရးျပႆနာႏွင့္ကခ်င္ျပည္တြင္းစစ္တြင္အျပစ္မဲ့ကခ်င္လူထုအေပၚဓာတုလက္နက္သုံးစြဲမႈေၾကာင့္လူအမ်ားေသေၾကဒုကၡသည္မ်ားျဖစ္ေနရျခင္းစေသာလူမႈျပႆနာအက်ပ္အတည္းမ်ားမွျမန္မာျပည္သူလူထုအားအာရုံလြဲခ်င္ ေသာေၾကာင့္၊
(၂)ယဥ္ေက်းမႈႏွင့္ဘာသာေရးကုိအသုံးခ်ၿပီးရခုိင္လူမ်ဳိးႏွင့္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိးတုိ႔ကုိဆက္လက္ေသြးခြဲအသုံးခ်ႏုိင္ေအာင္လုပ္ခ်င္ေသာေၾကာင့္၊ တုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ဤတြင္ရခုိင္တုိ႔အတြက္ သူတုိ႔၏ ထင္ေပၚေက်ာ္ၾကား လွေသာ “အာရ္ကာန္သည္ရခုိင္လူမ်ဳိးတုိ႔ အတြက္ျဖစ္သည္။ ရခုိင္ ႏွင့္ဗုဒၶဘာသာတစ္ခုတည္းျဖစ္သည္” ဟူေသာေဆာင္ပုဒ္ႏွင့္ အညီႏုိင္ငံေတာ္၏ရက္စက္လွေသာေပၚလစီႏွင့္ကိရိယာတန္ဆာပလာတုိ႔ကုိ အသုံးခ်ၿပီးအာရ္ကာန္ကုိသူတုိ႔ခ်ည္းပုိင္ဆုိင္ႏုိင္ရန္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာတုိ႔ကုိသတ္ျဖတ္ရွင္းလင္းႏုိင္မည့္အခြင့္အေရးတစ္ရပ္ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္သည္။ဤကဲ့သုိ႔လမ္းမွားသုိ႔ေရာက္ျခင္းခံရေသာလူ အခ်ဳိ႕သည္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဆန္႔ က်င္ေရးေက်ာ့ကြင္းထဲသုိ႔ဆြဲသြင္းျခင္း ခံၾကသည္ဟုထင္မိပါသည္။
သိန္းစိန္အစုိးရ၏ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာအေပၚထားရွိေသာခါးသီးေသာသေဘာထားကုိသိ၍ရခုိင္မ်ားေက်ာေထာက္ေနာက္ခံျပဳထားေသာ RNDP ေခၚရခုိင္ အမ်ဳိးသားတုိးတက္ေရးပါတီက ရန္ကုန္ၿမဳိ႕၊စစ္ေတြၿမဳိ႕ႏွင့္ အျခား ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္ၿမဳိ႕နယ္အခ်ဳိ႕တြင္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဆန္႔က်င္ေရးအစည္းအေ၀းမ်ား က်င္းပၿပီး လူမ်ဳိးေရး အစြန္းေရာက္ရခုိင္မ်ားကရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမုန္းတီးေရးတရားမ်ားကုိေဟာေျပာခဲ့ၾကသည္။ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာတုိ႔ ကုိ အာရ္ ကာန္ (သုိ႔) အာရ္ကာနီစ္ဆုိ သည့္စကားလုံးကုိသုံးစြဲခြင့္မရွိဟုေၾကညာခဲ့သည္။ ၂၀၁၁ ႏုိ၀င္ဘာလ (၁၆) ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ရခုိင္ (၁၆) ေယာက္မွလန္ဒန္ၿမဳိ႕ BBC ရုံးေရွ႕တြင္သြားေရာက္ဆႏၵျပ၍ BBC သတင္းေထာက္ Anna Jones က ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္ေအာက္တုိဘာလတြင္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားကုိရခုိင္ျပည္ နယ္၏ တုိင္းရင္းသား လူနည္းစုအျဖစ္ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည့္အတြက္ BBC မွျပန္လည္ေတာင္းပန္ ရန္ေတာင္းဆုိခဲ့ၾကသည္။ ထုိကဲ့သုိ႔ပုံႏွိပ္ထုတ္ေ၀ၿပီး တစ္ႏွစ္ေက်ာ္ၿပီးေသာ ကာလမွအဘယ့္ေၾကာင့္ ရခုိင္ေတြ ဆႏၵျပခဲ့ၾက သနည္း။ ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ျဖစ္ရျခင္းမွာ အစုိးရကလူအမ်ား တုန္လႈပ္ေခ်ာက္ခ်ား သြားေအာင္ လုပ္သည့္သေဘာႏွင့္ လူမ်ဳိးမုန္းတီးေရး စိတ္ရွိေသာ ရခုိင္ပညာရွင္မ်ားႏွင့္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ မ်ားကုိလူ မ်ဳိးေရးမုန္း တီးေရးစိတ္ႏႈိးဆြေအာင္ လႈံ႔ေဆာ္ေပးခဲ့ေသာေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္သည္။ UN, USA, UK ႏွင့္ EU စေသာႏုိင္ငံ အဖြဲ႔ အစည္း မ်ား ကရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဟူေသာစကားလုံးကုိဆက္လက္သုံးႏႈံး ေနေသာေၾကာင့္ယင္းတုိ႔ကုိ ပါအလား တူဆႏၵျပျခင္းမ်ဳိးလုပ္ပါသလားဆုိတာကုိသိခ်င္မိပါသည္။
အစြန္းေရာက္ရခုိင္အခ်ဳိ႕ကုိေဒသတြင္းဆူပူအၾကမ္းဖက္မႈျဖစ္ပြားေအာင္မြတ္စလင္ရွင္းလင္းေရးတစ္ခုတည္းကုိသာေဆာ္ၾသေနၾကသည္မွာ ၁၉၄၂ ခုႏွစ္ကစၿပီး၊ ယခုအခ်ိန္ထိဆယ္စုႏွစ္ (၇) ခုတုိင္ရွိၿပီျဖစ္သည္။ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူဦးေရတစ္၀က္ေက်ာ္တုိ႔သည္ႏုိင္ငံတြင္းမွႏွင္ထုတ္ခံရျခင္း သုိ႔မဟုတ္ ဘ၀ရပ္တည္ေရးအတြက္ ထြက္သြားရသည္မ်ားေၾကာင့္လူဦးေရတစ္၀က္ေလ်ာ့နည္းသြားခဲ့ၿပီျဖစ္သည္။ သမုိင္းေခတ္အဆက္ဆက္ အသက္အုိးအိမ္စည္းစိမ္၊ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈအေမြ အႏွစ္မ်ားႀကီးႀကီး မားမားဆုံးရွဳံးျခင္းခံခဲ့ရေသာ္လည္း ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိးမ်ားယခုအခ်ိန္ထိရခုိင္လူမ်ဳိး ေတြႏွင့္အတူေနထုိင္လ်က္ရွိပါသည္။
ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဆန္႔က်င္ေရး၀ါဒျဖန္႔ခ်ီျခင္းမ်ားသည္ကုိယ့္ရွဴးကုိယ္ပတ္ျခင္းသာျဖစ္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍အစုိးရမွမမွန္မကန္သတင္းေပးမႈႏွင့္လုပ္ရပ္တုိ႔သည္အကယ္စင္စစ္ယခုအခ်ိန္အထိသိပ္ေျပာင္းလဲမႈမလုပ္ခဲ့ေသာ္ လည္းႏုိင္ငံေရးေျပာင္းလဲမႈႏွင့္ဒီမုိကေရစီဆီသုိ႔ဦးတည္ေနသည္ဟုေျပာဆုိေၾကညာေနမႈမ်ားသည္သူတုိ႔ကုိယ္သူတုိ႔ျပန္ကန္သလုိျဖစ္ေနသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ႏုိင္ငံတကာလူမႈအဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားသည္စစ္အစုိးရကုိလူသားမ်ဳိးႏြယ္တစ္မ်ဳိးလုံးကုိက်ဴးလြန္သူရာဇ၀တ္မႈေကာင္မ်ားဟုအျမဲသိေန၊ ေခၚေနၾကမည္သာျဖစ္သည္။ အလားတူပင္ရခုိင္အစြန္းေရာက္ ရာဇ၀တ္မႈက်ဴးလြန္သူမ်ားကုိႏုိင္ငံတကာရာဇ၀တ္ေကာင္မ်ားဟုေခၚေ၀ၚေန ၾကမည္သာျဖစ္သည္။ ထုိသူတုိ႔၏ အစြန္းေရာက္တယူသန္အမ်ဳိးသားေရး၀ါဒမ်ားေၾကာင့္ႏုိင္ငံအတြင္းမင္းမဲ့စရုိက္လႊမ္းမုိးမႈမ်ား၊ အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈ မ်ား၊ ဆူပူမႈမ်ားႏွင့္တရားဥပေဒမဲ့မႈမ်ားတေန႔ထက္တေန႔တုိးလာေနသည္။ လက္ေတြ႕ က်င့္သုံး မႈမရွိၾကပဲ ဒီမုိကေရစီအေၾကာင္းေျပာေနၾက သည္မွာလိမ္လည္လွည့္ျဖားျခင္းျဖစ္သလုိ၊ ရွက္စရာလည္းေကာင္းလွေပသည္။ လူမ်ဳိးခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံမႈ၊ အျမတ္ထုတ္အလႊဲသုံးစားလုပ္မႈ၊ လူမႈေရးအရမတရားၿပဳလုပ္မႈႏွင့္လူမ်ဳိးဘာသာအသားအေရာင္ယဥ္ေက်းမႈႏွင့္ႏုိင္ငံေရးအျမင္ေပၚမူတည္ေသာ Prime Nation ႏွင့္ Sub-Nation ဟူေသာက်က္သေရမဲ့ အယူအဆမ်ားအတြက္ မည္သည့္ဒီမုိကရက္တစ္ လူမႈအဖြဲ႔အစည္းတစ္ခုတြင္မွေနရာမရွိေပ။
Mr. Nurul Islam (U.K.) ေရးသားေသာ ANTI-ROHINGYA CAMPAIGNS, VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ကုိဆီေလ်ာ္ေအာင္ ဘာသာျပန္သည္။ အဓိပၸာယ္လြဲမွားမႈရွိပါကဘာသာျပန္ သူ၏ အားနည္း ခ်က္သာျဖစ္ၿပီး RB ႏွင့္မသက္ဆုိင္ပါ။
ေနမ်ဳိး၀င္း
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| ပထမဆံုးသံအမတ္ ရန္ကုန္ အေမရိကန္သံ႐ံုးမွာ သတင္းစာရွင္းလင္းပဲြ က်င္းပစဥ္။ (ဇူလုိင္လ ၂၀ ရက္၊ ၂၀၁၂။) |
ကိုရဲေက်ာ္ေအာင္
20.07.2012
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအေပၚ ကုန္သြယ္ေရး ပိတ္ဆို႔အေရးယူမွႈကို ေနာက္ထပ္ သံုးႏွစ္သက္တမ္းတိုးဖို႔ အေမရိကန္ အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္ ဘ႑ာေရးေကာ္မတီက ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔တုန္းက မဲခြဲဆံုးျဖတ္ခဲ့ေပမဲ့ လို႔ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ ဒီမိုကေရစီ တိုးတက္မႈျဖစ္စဥ္ေတြကိုၾကည့္ၿပီးေတာ့ အေမရိကန္က ကုန္သြယ္ေရး ပိတ္ဆို႔ အေရးယူမႈေတြကို ခ်က္ျခင္းဖယ္ရွားေပးဖို႔ရွိတယ္လို႔ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဆုိင္ရာ အေမရိကန္ သံအမတ္သစ္ ဒဲရစ္မစ္ခ်ယ္က ေျပာလုိက္ပါတယ္။ သတင္းစာ ရွင္းလင္းပြဲမွာ ေျပာၾကားသြားခဲ့ပါ တယ္။ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕က အေမရိကန္သံ႐ံုးမွာ ပထမဆံုးအႀကိမ္ျပဳလုပ္တဲ့ အေမရိကန္သံအမတ္သစ္ ဒဲရက္ခ္၊ မစ္ခ်ယ္က ဒီကေန႔ သတင္းစာရွင္းလင္းပြဲအေၾကာင္းကိုေတာ့ ရန္ကုန္အေျခစိုက္၊ ဗီြအိုေအ သတင္းေထာက္ ကိုရဲေက်ာ္ေအာင္က သတင္းပို႔ထားပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအေပၚ ကုန္သြယ္ေရး ပိတ္ဆို႔အေရးယူမႈကို ေနာက္ထပ္ သံုးႏွစ္သက္တမ္းတိုးဖို႔ အေမရိကန္ အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္ ဘ႑ာေရးေကာ္မတီက ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔မွာ မဲခြဲဆံုးျဖတ္အၿပီး ျမန္မာႏိုင္ ငံမွာ ဒီေန႔လုပ္တဲ့ အေမရိကန္သံအမတ္ႀကီး ဒဲရက္ခ္မစ္ခ်ယ္ရဲ႕ သတင္းစာရွင္းလင္းပြဲမွာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ရဲ႕ ဒီမို ကေရစီ တိုးတက္မႈျဖစ္စဥ္ေတြကိုၾကည့္ၿပီး အေမရိကန္က ကုန္သြယ္ေရး ပိတ္ဆို႔အေရးယူ မႈေတြကို ခ်က္ျခင္းဖြင့္ဖို႔ရိွပါတယ္လို႔ ေျပာၾကားခဲ့ပါတယ္။
သြင္းကုန္မ်ား တားျမစ္မွႈေတြကို ဆက္လက္ သက္တမ္းတိုးဖို႔ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ဟာ အေမရိကန္ အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္ ဘ႑ာေရးေကာ္မတီက ဆံုးျဖတ္ခဲ့တာ ျဖစ္ေပမဲ့ အမရိကန္ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးပိုင္းက သမၼတဦးေဆာင္တဲ့ အစိုးရအဖြဲ႔ကေနၿပီး ကုန္သြယ္ေရး ပိတ္ဆို႔အေရးယူမွႈေတြကို ျမန္မာအစိုးရရဲ႕ ဒီမိုကေရစီ တိုးတက္မႈေတြေပၚမူတည္ၿပီး ေျဖေလ်ာ့႐ုပ္သိမ္းေပးႏိုင္တယ္လို႔ သူက အခုလို ေျပာျပခဲ့ ပါတယ္။
“က်ေနာ္တို႔အစိုးရပိုင္းအေနနဲ႔လည္း လႊတ္ေတာ္ကို တင္ျပလာတဲ့ Sanction ကို ႐ုပ္သိမ္းဖို႔ လုပ္ေပးႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံကိုလာတဲ့ကာလက တိုးတက္မႈေတြကို အစိုးရအဖဲြ႔ကို တင္ျပခဲ့လို႔ အခုဆုိရင္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈေတြ ေရာက္ရွိလာသလို သံအမတ္ႀကီး အဆင့္ ျပန္လည္ထားရွိခဲ့ တာေတြလည္း ျဖစ္လာတာပါ။”
ကုန္သြယ္ေရးတားျမစ္မႈ ဥပေဒကို ၂၀၀၃ ခုႏွစ္က စတင္ခ်မွတ္ခဲ့တာျဖစ္ၿပီး ဇူလိုင္လကုန္အတြင္း သက္တမ္းကုန္ဆံုးေတာ့မွာမို႔ သက္တမ္းတိုးဖို႔ အေမရိကန္အထက္လႊတ္ေတာ္က လုပ္ေဆာင္ ခ့ဲတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီဥပေဒမွာ ကုန္သြယ္ေရးတားျမစ္မႈကို အိမ္ျဖဴေတာ္က သက္ညႇာေလွ်ာ့ေပါ့ခြင့္နဲ႔ ရပ္ဆိုင္းခြင့္ရွိတယ္လို႔ ေဖာ္ျပထားတဲ့အေပၚ သူက အခုလို ေျပာျပသြားခဲ့တာပါ။ မၾကာေသးခင္က အေမရိကန္ သမၼတ ဘာရက္ခ္၊ အိုဘားမားက အေမရိကန္ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္း႐ွင္ေတြအေနနဲ႔ ျမန္ မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ ရင္းးႏွီး ျမႇဳပ္ႏွံနိင္ၾကၿပီလို႔ ေျပာၾကားခဲတာေၾကာင့္ အေမရိကန္ ေကာ္ပိုရိတ္ စီးပြားေရး လုပ္ငန္းေတြဟာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္းမွာ မၾကာမီ လာေရာက္ရင္းႏွီးေတာ့မွာျဖစ္တယ္လို႔လည္း သူက ဆိုပါတယ္။ စီးပြားေရးအရ ပြင့္လင္းမႈေတြဟာ သယံဇာတလုပ္ငန္းေတြမွာ အလြန္အေရးႀကီးတယ္ လို႔လည္း အေမရိကန္သံအမတ္ႀကီး ဒဲရစ္မစ္ခ်ယ္က ေထာက္ျပခဲ့ပါတယ္။
“တုိင္းျပည္ထဲစီးဝင္လာတဲ့ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈေတြအားလံုးကို အရပ္ဘက္လူ႔အဖဲြ႔အစည္းေတြဆီ ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ႏုိင္ေရးအတြက္ ဒီသတင္း အခ်က္အလက္ေတြက အေထာက္ အကူျဖစ္မယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္ ယံုၾကည္ပါတယ္။ စီးပြားေရးပြင့္လင္းမႈက သယံဇာတ တူးေဖာ္ေရး လုပ္ငန္းေတြမွာ အင္မတန္ အေရးႀကီးပါတယ္။ ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံထားတဲ့ ေငြပမာဏ ႀကီးမားၿပီး ျမန္မာ့ေရနံနဲ႔ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႔လုပ္ငန္းလို ႏိုင္ငံပိုင္ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းေတြက ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ ရဲ႕ အေမြအႏွစ္ျဖစ္တဲ့ သဘာဝ သယံဇာတေတြကို စီမံခန္႔ခဲြၾကရ တာျဖစ္လို႔ပါ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ MOGE လို ႏိုင္ငံပိုင္ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္မယ့္ အေမရိကန္ ကုမၸဏီေတြအတြက္ အထူး လိုအပ္ခ်က္ေတြကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ဘက္က သတ္မွတ္ထားတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။”
အေမရိကန္ႏိုင္ငံအေနနဲ႔ ျပည္တြင္းမွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈေတြမွာသာမက ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးတိုးတက္ေရး လုပ္ငန္း စဥ္ေတြမွာလည္း ေလးေလးနက္နက္ တိုးျမႇင့္လုပ္ေဆာင္သြားမယ္လို႔ သူက ေျပာခဲ့ပါေသးတယ္။ USAID အေနနဲ႔ ျပည္တြင္းမွာ စားနပ္ရိကၡာ လိုအပ္ေနတဲ့ေနရာေတြအတြက္လည္း အေမရိကန္ ေဒၚလာ ၃ သန္း ေထာက္ပံ့ေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။
“ဒီကေန႔မွာေတာ့ ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္နဲ႔ ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္ေျမာက္ပိုင္းက ေနရပ္စြန္႔ခြာ ထြက္ေျပးရတဲ့ ျပည္ သူေတြအတြက္ ေဒၚလာ သံုးသန္းဖုိး စားနပ္ရိကၡာ အကူအညီေပးမယ့္ အေၾကာင္းကို ေၾကညာလို ပါတယ္။ USAID ရဲ႕ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးအတြက္ စားနပ္ရိကၡာ႐ံုးကေနတဆင့္ ကမၻာ့စားနပ္ရိကၡာ အစီအစဥ္ ကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေဒၚလာ သံုးသန္း လႉဒါန္းလိုက္တာပါ။ ဒီလႉဒါန္းေငြနဲ႔ WFP က ဆန္ မက္ထရစ္ တန္ခ်ိန္ ၃,၄၀၀ ဖိုးေလာက္ ဝယ္ယူမွာျဖစ္ၿပီး ဒါဟာ လူ ၅,၅၀၀ အတြက္ ၆ လစာ အကူအညီျဖစ္ပါ လိမ့္မယ္။ ဒီဆန္ေတြကို ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္နဲ႔ ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္ေျမာက္ပိုင္းက အစိုးရထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ထား ရာ ေဒသေတြမွာေရာ အစိုးရထိန္းခ်ဳပ္မႈ မရွိတဲ့ ေဒသေတြမွာပါရွိေနၾကတဲ့ ေနရပ္စြန္႔ခြာ ထြက္ေျပး လာရတဲ့သူေတြကို WFP က ျဖန္႔ေဝေပးသြားမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။”
ဒီကေန႔ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕၊ အေမရိကန္သံ႐ံုးမွာျပဳလုပ္တဲ့ ဒီကေန႔ သတင္းစာရွင္းလင္းပြဲဟာ ဒဲရက္မစ္ခ်ယ္ ရဲ႕ အေမရိကန္သံအမတ္ႀကီးအျဖစ္ ခန္႔အပ္ခံရၿပီးတဲ့ေနာက္မွာ ပထမဆံုးျပဳလုပ္တဲ့ သတင္းစာ ရွင္းလင္းပြဲျဖစ္ၿပီး အရပ္ဘက္လူ႔အဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြနဲ႔ ဒီမိုကေရစီတိုးတက္ေရးေတြမွာ
US-AID က ကူညီေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးသြားမယ္လို႔ အေမရိကန္သံအမတ္ႀကီး ဒဲရက္ခ္၊ မစ္ခ်ယ္က ကတိျပဳသြားခဲ့ပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ား။
Source : VOA Burmese
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| After the violence, some Rohingya took shelter in school compounds such as this one, in Maungdaw |
Muslims in Burma's western Rakhine state have been subjected to attacks and arbitrary arrests in the weeks since communal violence erupted, Amnesty International says.
A state of emergency was declared in Rakhine in June after deadly clashes between Buddhists and Muslims.
Since then, hundreds of people have been detained in the areas where Muslim Rohingya people live, a spokesman said.
The government has dismissed the allegations as "groundless and biased".
Win Myaing, a government spokesman for Rakhine state, told the Associated Press news agency that the claims are "totally opposite of what is happening on the ground", adding that the region was calm.
But although communal violence has eased since the unrest in June, violations by the security forces appear to have increased, rights groups say.
A state of emergency was declared in Rakhine in June after deadly clashes between Buddhists and Muslims.
Since then, hundreds of people have been detained in the areas where Muslim Rohingya people live, a spokesman said.
The government has dismissed the allegations as "groundless and biased".
Win Myaing, a government spokesman for Rakhine state, told the Associated Press news agency that the claims are "totally opposite of what is happening on the ground", adding that the region was calm.
But although communal violence has eased since the unrest in June, violations by the security forces appear to have increased, rights groups say.
'Rohingyas beaten'
Amnesty accuses Burmese security forces as well as ethnic Rakhine Buddhist residents of assaults, unlawful killings of Muslims and the destruction of property.
"Most cases have meant targeted attacks on the minority Rohingya population and they were bearing the brunt of most of that communal violence in June and they continue to bear the lion's share of the violations perpetrated by the state security forces," Amnesty researcher Benjamin Zawacki told the BBC's Viv Marsh.
Chris Lewa, director of The Arakan Project, which focuses on Rohingyas in the region, also told our correspondent that hundreds of Rohingya Muslims had been arrested, with allegations that some had been beaten and even tortured.
"Shortly after the main violence... then we start seeing a new phase of, I would say, state-sanctioned abuses, where especially in Maung Daw... we heard on a daily basis about mass arrests of Rohingya," Ms Lewa told the BBC.
What sparked the violence in June?
The rape and murder of a young Buddhist woman in Rakhine in May set off a chain of deadly religious clashes.
Why was a state of emergency declared?
A state of emergency allows the introduction of martial law, which means the military can take over administrative control of the region.
Who are the Rohingyas?
The United Nations describes Rohingya as a persecuted religious and linguistic minority from western Burma. The Burmese government, on the other hand, says they are relatively recent migrants from the Indian sub-continent. Neighbouring Bangladesh already hosts several hundred thousand refugees from Burma and says it cannot take any more.
Reports from the group's network of sources in the area, mostly Rohingya, also said that authorities allowed Rakhine youth to assault Rohingyas in custody. The group also alleges that Burmese authorities took part in looting of shops and homes belonging to Rohingya.
The Burmese authorities denied similar allegations made by Amnesty International.
Some of the Rohingya Muslims arrested were held in connection with violence that erupted in Rakhine on 8 June, the day on which, observers say, violence was largely carried out by Rohingyas. The Arakan Project also says that some Rakhine, particularly those found with weapons, were arrested.
It is difficult to verify any of the information provided by such sources, as journalists cannot access the area.Long-standing tension
Violence between Buddhists and Muslims flared after the rape and murder of a Buddhist woman in May, followed by an attack on a bus carrying Muslims.
Communal unrest continued in parts of Maung Daw as Muslims attacked Buddhist homes. Reprisal attacks then targeted Muslim homes and communities. The attacks left many dead and forced thousands of people on both sides to flee their homes.
There have been long-standing tensions between Rakhine people, who are Buddhist and make up the majority of the state's population, and Muslims, many of whom are Rohingya.
Many Rakhine Buddhists have said that much of the violence in June was carried out against them by Rohingya groups. Rohingyas say they have been forced to flee because of the violence.
Earlier this month, Burma's President Thein Sein said the "solution" for the Rohingya was deportation or refugee camps.
source here
Amnesty accuses Burmese security forces as well as ethnic Rakhine Buddhist residents of assaults, unlawful killings of Muslims and the destruction of property.
"Most cases have meant targeted attacks on the minority Rohingya population and they were bearing the brunt of most of that communal violence in June and they continue to bear the lion's share of the violations perpetrated by the state security forces," Amnesty researcher Benjamin Zawacki told the BBC's Viv Marsh.
Chris Lewa, director of The Arakan Project, which focuses on Rohingyas in the region, also told our correspondent that hundreds of Rohingya Muslims had been arrested, with allegations that some had been beaten and even tortured.
"Shortly after the main violence... then we start seeing a new phase of, I would say, state-sanctioned abuses, where especially in Maung Daw... we heard on a daily basis about mass arrests of Rohingya," Ms Lewa told the BBC.
What sparked the violence in June?
The rape and murder of a young Buddhist woman in Rakhine in May set off a chain of deadly religious clashes.
Why was a state of emergency declared?
A state of emergency allows the introduction of martial law, which means the military can take over administrative control of the region.
Who are the Rohingyas?
The United Nations describes Rohingya as a persecuted religious and linguistic minority from western Burma. The Burmese government, on the other hand, says they are relatively recent migrants from the Indian sub-continent. Neighbouring Bangladesh already hosts several hundred thousand refugees from Burma and says it cannot take any more.
Reports from the group's network of sources in the area, mostly Rohingya, also said that authorities allowed Rakhine youth to assault Rohingyas in custody. The group also alleges that Burmese authorities took part in looting of shops and homes belonging to Rohingya.
The Burmese authorities denied similar allegations made by Amnesty International.
Some of the Rohingya Muslims arrested were held in connection with violence that erupted in Rakhine on 8 June, the day on which, observers say, violence was largely carried out by Rohingyas. The Arakan Project also says that some Rakhine, particularly those found with weapons, were arrested.
It is difficult to verify any of the information provided by such sources, as journalists cannot access the area.Long-standing tension
Violence between Buddhists and Muslims flared after the rape and murder of a Buddhist woman in May, followed by an attack on a bus carrying Muslims.
Communal unrest continued in parts of Maung Daw as Muslims attacked Buddhist homes. Reprisal attacks then targeted Muslim homes and communities. The attacks left many dead and forced thousands of people on both sides to flee their homes.
There have been long-standing tensions between Rakhine people, who are Buddhist and make up the majority of the state's population, and Muslims, many of whom are Rohingya.
Many Rakhine Buddhists have said that much of the violence in June was carried out against them by Rohingya groups. Rohingyas say they have been forced to flee because of the violence.
Earlier this month, Burma's President Thein Sein said the "solution" for the Rohingya was deportation or refugee camps.
source here
Friday 20 July 2012
The 57-member Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has launched a major international campaign to put an end to the ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya Muslim minority in the Arakan state of Myanmar and protect their legitimate rights.
OIC offices in Geneva, New York, and Brussels are making intense efforts to foster international intervention in the issue. The OIC is in touch with the United Nations, UN Human Rights Council, European Union and other international organizations to halt the humanitarian crisis in Myanmar.
OIC Secretary-General Ekmeledin Ihsanoglu strongly condemned the renewed repression of Rohingyas since June 2012, which has resulted in deaths of innocent civilians, burning of their homes and mosques, and forcing them to leave their homeland.
He added that over the past three decades, Rohingya Muslim citizens had been subjected to gross violation of human rights including ethnic cleansing, killings, rape, and forced displacement by Myanmar security forces.
“The recent restoration of democracy in Myanmar had raised hopes in the international community that oppression against Rohingya Muslims would end, and that they would be able to enjoy equal rights and opportunities. However, the renewed violence against Rohingyas has caused great concern to the OIC,” Ihsanoglu said.
“When efforts of the international community including the United Nations were underway for a peaceful resolution of the issue, the OIC was shocked by the unfortunate remarks of President Thien Sein disowning Rohingya Muslims as citizens of Myanmar,” he said.
The OIC chief stressed that the Myanmar government, as a member of the United Nations and ASEAN, had to adhere to the international human rights charters, including the relevant conventions and declarations, in treatment of its citizens.
Ihsanoglu referred to the UN declaration that the Rohingyas are an ethnic, religious and linguistic minority from western Burma. Historical facts show that Rohingyas have been present in the land of Myanmar for centuries before the arrival of the British and before the formation of Burma.
“In spite of this, the government of Myanmar continues to persecute and discriminate against the Rohingyas,” he said, adding that the citizenship law of 1982 violated international norms by stripping the Rohingyas unjustly of their right to citizenship.
Ihsanoglu hoped that the Myanmar government would respond to the concerns of the international community in a positive and constructive manner, so that all its Rohingya Muslims are able to return to their homeland in honor, safety and dignity.
“The OIC Charter stipulates that the organization should assist Muslim minorities and communities outside the member states to preserve their dignity, cultural and religious identity,” he added. “Myanmar should recognize that its new engagement at the international level does not only come with opportunities but also with responsibilities,” Ihsanoglu said.
The OIC intends to send a delegation to Myanmar after meeting with its permanent representative to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva. Ihsanoglu called on the Myanmar government to order an immediate probe into the slaughtering of Rohingya Muslims to bring those responsible to justice.
The OIC chief recently sent a letter to Myanmar’s pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi urging her to help end the violence against the Rohingya community. “As a Nobel Peace laureate, we are confident that the first step of your journey toward ensuring peace in the world would start from your own doorstep, and that you would play a positive role in putting an end to the violence that has afflicted Arakan State,” it said.
The OIC chief suggested that Suu Kyi could make the government in Naypyidaw agree to an international inquiry into the recent violence, granting free access to humanitarian aid groups and international media in Arakan as well as expediting the return of the victims to their respective homes.
Rohingyas living in Arakan State of Burma are one of the most forgotten and persecuted peoples on earth. Their population is about three million, of which about 1.5 million are in diasporas in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Malaysia, Thailand, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, USA, UK and Europe.
“The successive Burmese regimes have subjected them to institutionalized persecution, and the ruling civilianized military government is no exception,” said Nurul Islam, president of Arakan Rohingya National Organization (ARNO).
The Thein Sein government's wind of change has not touched the Rohingyas yet, he said. Even the very word “Rohingya” is blacklisted and unmentionable, while the authorities have described them as “illegal immigrants from Bangladesh”, he added.
According to Nurul Islam, the primary factor that has led the Rohingyas to suffer grave human rights violations or crimes against humanity in Burma is their religion and ethnicity.
“Arbitrary killings, rape, torture, land confiscation, forced labor, forced relocation, theft, extortion and so on, perpetrated by the authorities in cohort with local miscreants and xenophobes, are widespread,” he said. The phenomenon can be described as slow burning genocide, which aims at ethnic cleansing or driving the Rohingyas into Bangladesh, he said.
In 1982, late dictator Ne Win enacted a new citizenship law that violated several fundamental principles of international charters and rendered the Rohingyas stateless. Their basic freedoms, such as freedom of movement, marriage and education, and economic activities are under humiliating restrictions.
Extension, repairs and renovation, and construction of new mosques or religious institutes have been prohibited. Muslim relics, monuments and place names have been erased. All these attempts aim at effacing the Muslim character of Arakan, said Nurul Islam.
A planned increase in Buddhist settler villages has caused serious demographic changes in Rohingya homeland. Vast tracks of their lands have been confiscated, forcing the Rohingyas to become increasingly landless, internally displaced, and to eventually starve them out to cross the border into Bangladesh.
There are 28,000 legal and over 200,000 illegal Rohingya refugees living in squalid condition in southern Chittagong, Bangladesh. The illegal refugees are vulnerable, often subject to arrest and harassment by security forces.
As a result, many Rohingyas become desperate and voyage in rickety boats to Southeast Asian countries in search of protection and food security. Since 2009, many died, over a thousand drowned, while scores of others were rescued or jailed in Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and East Timor. A number of them were victimized at the hands of greedy exploiters and human traffickers.
Given their position of statelessness, food insecurity, denial of access to education and employment, lack of security of life, property, dignity and honor, the Rohingyas have virtually become a “dying alive” population in their own homeland. “This impossible situation is a 'push factor' that the Burmese government has created. They want the Rohingyas to slowly leave their hearth and home,” said Nurul Islam, who has repeatedly appealed to the international community to address the root cause of the Rohingya problem for a permanent solution. He has also requested for international protection in the absence of national protection.
Source : ARAB NEWS
သုိ႕
ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕
ျပည္သူ႕လြတ္ေတာ္ကုိယ္စားလွယ္၊ သကန္းကြ်န္းျမိဳ႕နယ္၊၊
ရက္စြဲ။ ။၁၈ ရက္၊ဇူလိုင္လ၊၂၀၁၂ ခုနွစ္။
လူၾကီးမင္းခင္ဗ်ား-
နွစ္ေပါင္း(၂ဝ) ေက်ာ္ NLD ပါတီဗဟုိ အလုပ္အမွဳေဆာင္ေကာ္မတီမွာ ပါဝင္ခဲ႕ျပီး အာဏာရွင္စနစ္၊ အာဏာရွင္ဥပေဒ၊ အာဏာရွင္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ကုိင္တြယ္ပုံမ်ားကုိ ေဝဖန္ရွဳံခ်၊ အတုိက္အခံျပဳခဲ႕သျဖင္႕ လူၾကီးမင္းကုိ ေလးစားေလာက္ေသာ နဳိင္ငံေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္းအျဖစ္ ျပည္သူက ရွဳျမင္ခဲ႕သည္၊၊
သုိ႕ေသာ္ လူၾကီးမင္းသည္ တုိင္းျပည္တြင္းစနစ္နွင္႕ တရားဥပေဒမ်ား ေျပာင္းလဲေရး၊ တရားဥပေဒ စုိးမုိးေရးတုိ႕ပီပီျပင္ျပင္ ျဖစ္ေပၚအသက္ဝင္လာေရးကုိ အေလးမထားဘဲ ရာထူးရရွိေရး၊ လြွတ္ေတာ္ အမတ္ျဖစ္နုဳိင္ေရးကုိ ဦးစားေပးလ်ွက္ NLD ဗဟုိအလုပ္အမွဳေဆာင္အဖြဲ႕မွ ခြဲထြက္ကာ ပါတီသစ္ထူေထာင္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဝင္ေရာက္ယွဥ္ျပိဳင္ခဲ႕သည္၊၊ ယခင္ရရွိခဲ႕ေသာ ဒီမုိကေရစီေခါင္းေဆာင္ဟူသည္႕သိကၡာကုိ သကန္းကြ်န္းျမဳီ႕နယ္ က ျပည္သူမ်ားကို ထင္ေယာင္ထင္မွားျဖစ္ခဲ႕သည္၊၊ လူၾကီးမင္းအားလွြတ္ေတာ္ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္အျဖစ္ေထာက္ခံခဲ့၍ လြွတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ ျဖစ္ေနပါသည္။ ယခုလြွတ္ေတာ္တြင္း ဒီမုိကေရစီ ဆန္႕က်င္ေသာ ဒီမုိကေရစီနွင္႕လူ႕အခြင္႕အေရးကုိ ျပက္ရယ္ျပဳေသာ အသုံးအနွဳန္းျဖင္႕ ေဆြးေနြးေနသည္ဟု ၾကားသိရပါသည္။
နဳိင္ငံသားအေရးေဆာင္ရြက္ရာတြင္ လူ႕အခြင္႕အေရးဟုဆုိကာ ကဗ်ာမဆန္သင္႕ဟု ယခုစတုတၱအၾကိမ္ လြွတ္ေတာ္အစည္းအေဝးမွာ ေျပာဆုိခဲ႕ပါသည္။ လူ႕အခြင္႕အေရးဆုိသည္ကုိ အေရးစုိက္ရန္မလုိဟု ဆုိလုိျခင္းေလာ႕။ ယခင္ NLD ပါတီမွာရွိစဥ္က ဒီမုိကေရစီနွင္႕လူ႕အခြင္႕အေရးဟု ေၾကြးေၾကာ္ခဲ႕ျခင္းမွာ NLD တြင္ ရာထူးရရွိေရးအတြက္ ဟန္ေဆာင္ေၾကြးေၾကာ္ျခင္းေလာ႕။
နဳိင္ငံသားစိစစ္ေရးကဒ္အတု၊ မမွန္မကန္မ်ား၊ ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္ ကုိင္တြယ္ဖုိ႕လုိပါတယ္ဟု လြွတ္ေတာ္အတြငး္ေျပာဆုိခဲ႕ပါသည္။ နဳိင္ငံသားစိစစ္ေရးကဒ္သည္ ၁၉၈၂ ခုနွစ္ နုိင္ငံသားဥပေဒသစ္အရ ေပၚထြက္လာေသာ ကဒ္ျပားျဖစ္သည္။ ဤတြင္ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕က အာဏာရွင္စနစ္အတြင္း ၁၉၈၂ ခုနွစ္ျပ ခဲ႕ေသာ နုိင္ငံသား ဥပေဒသစ္ကုိ မွန္ကန္မ်ွတသည္႕ နုိင္ငံတကာစံခ်ိန္စံညြွန္းနွင္႕ ကုိက္ညီသည္႕ ဥပေဒဟုဆုိလုိျခင္းေလာ႕။ ထုိဥပေဒမွန္ကန္လ်ွင္ အာဏာရွင္ေခတ္က တျခားဥပေဒမ်ားလည္း မွန္ကန္သည္ဟု ယူဆရေပမည္။ ထုိသုိ႕ဥပေဒေရး၊ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး မွန္ကန္သည္ဟု ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕က သတ္မွတ္သည္ဆုိလ်ွင္ ယခင္က ေဝဖန္တုိက္ခုိက္ခဲ႕ျခင္းမွာ မွားယြင္းပါသည္ဟုဝန္ခံေတာင္းပန္ရန္ လုိအပ္ပါလိမ္႕မည္ဟု ယူဆပါသည္။
ထုိ႕အျပင္ ကုိလုိနီေခတ္မွာ အဂၤလိပ္က ႏွစ္ၾကိမ္သန္းေခါင္စာရင္းေကာက္တယ္။ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိးဆုိတာ မရွိခဲ႕ဘူးဟု လြွတ္ေတာ္မွာ ေဆြးေနြးရာ၌ ေျပာဆုိသြားသည္။ ပထမအခ်က္မွာ အဂၤလိပ္ေခတ္ သန္းေခါင္းစာရင္း နွစ္ၾကိမ္မက ဆယ္နွစ္တစ္ၾကိမ္၊ ရွစ္ၾကိမ္အထိ ေကာက္ခံခဲ႕သည္။ ဒုတိယအခ်က္ကား ထုိသန္းေခါင္း စာရင္းမ်ားတြင္ ယေန႕တုိင္းရင္းသား(၁၃၅) မ်ဳိးဟု ဆုိေသာ လူမ်ဳိးစုမ်ားအားလုံး အမည္နာမ မ်ားမရွိခဲ႕သည္ကုိ အဘယ္ေၾကာင္႕ထုတ္ေဖၚမေျပာခဲ႕သနည္း။ ၁၉၇၃ ခုနွစ္မွာ သန္းေခါင္စာရင္း ဥပေဒ ဟုျပ႒ါန္းခဲ႕သည္ကုိ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕ကေရွ႕ေနတစ္ေယာက္အေနျဖင္႕ သိရွိမည္ဟုထင္ပါသည္။ ထုိဥပေဒ ေအာက္မွာ သန္းေခါင္စာရင္းလမ္းညြွန္စာအုပ္ဟု ထြက္ရွိခဲ႕သည္။
၄င္းစာအုပ္ သန္းေခါင္စာရင္းတြင္စာရင္းမွတ္ယူရန္အတြက္ တုိင္းရင္းသားလူမ်ဳိးစုမ်ားနွင္႕ နုိင္ငံျခားသား လူမ်ဳီးစုဟူ ခြဲျခားေဖာ္ျပသတ္မွတ္ခဲ႕ရာ၊ နုိင္ငံျခားသားစာရင္းဝင္ လူမ်ဳိးတစ္ခ်ဳီ႕ ယေန႕တုိင္းရင္းသား (၁၃၅)မ်ဳိးထဲတြင္ မည္သုိ႕ပါလာသည္ကုိ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕က ထုတ္ေဖၚေျပာဆုိျခင္းမရွိဘဲ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာကုိ နဳိင္ငံျခား သားဟု အဘယ္ေၾကာင္႕ ေျပာလုိပါသနည္း။
တလုိင္းသည္မြန္၊ ေကာသူေလသည္ ကရင္၊ ကရင္နီသည္ ကယား၊ ေတာင္သူသည္ ပအုိဝ္႕၊ အီေကာသည္ အာခါ၊ ရွမ္းတရုတ္သည္ကုိးကန္႕၊ လဝသည္လြယ္လ စသည္ျဖင္႕လက္ရွိ လူမ်ဳိးနာမည္မ်ားေျပာင္းလဲ ခံယူနဳိင္လ်ွင္ အဂၤလိပ္သန္းေခါင္စာရင္းမွာ ရခုိင္မူစလင္၊ရခုိင္မုိဟမၼဒင္ဟူ ပါရွိခဲ႕ေသာလူမ်ဳိးသည္ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဟု ျဖစ္လာျခင္းကုိ ပညာရွိ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕ အဘယ္ေၾကာင္႕ကန္႕ကြက္ေနရပါသနည္း။ မူဆလင္နွင္႕တြဲ လူမ်ဳိး တစ္မ်ဳိး လက္မခံနဳိင္ဟု ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕တုိ႕က မူဝါဒခ်မွတ္လာသျဖင္႕မူဆလင္တြဲမပါေသာ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိး မူရင္း နာမည္ ကုိ ေဖာ္ထုတ္ရျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာသည္ ေရွးေဟာင္းရခုိင္မွ မူဆလင္မ်ား နာမည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းကုိ ၁၇၊၁၈ ရာစုနွစ္မ်ားမွာ မွတ္တမ္းတင္ခဲ႕ေသာ ကုိယ္ေတြ႕မ်က္ျမင္မွတ္တမ္းစာအုပ္မ်ားကုိ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕ ေလ႕လာနဳိင္ရန္ေအာက္တြင္ရည္ညြန္းေဖာ္ျပအပ္ပါသည္။
1.A study of languages spoken in Burma Empire by Francis Buchnan 1798
2.Classical Journal for (September and December) 1811,Vol.IV.(London)
3.Grammaticae, Lexica,collection vocabuclorum(1815,Berlin)
4.An Account of Arakan by Major R.E Robert June, 1777(Chittagong)
အထက္ပါစာအုပ္မ်ားကုိ ေလ႕လာလွ်င္ လြွတ္ေတာ္အမတ္မင္း ဦးသိန္းညြန္း ကရုိဟင္ဂ်ာသည္ ယခုေပၚလာေသာ နာမည္သစ္မဟုတ္ေၾကာင္း ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္မွာ ေရွးပေဝသဏီကပင္ မူဆလင္မ်ားကုိ ေခၚေဝၚေသာ နာမည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သေဘာေပါက္ပါလိမ္႕မည္။ ထုိ႕အျပင္ ထုိ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာသည္ ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္ လူဦးေရစုစုေပါင္း တစ္ဝက္ထက္ပုိခဲ႕ေၾကာင္းကုိလည္းသိရွိသြားျပီး၊ လာမည္႕လြတ္ေတာ္ အစည္းအေဝးမွာ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာကိစၥေဆြးေနြးလာလွ်င္ အမွားေျပာမိသည္ကုိ ျပင္ဆင္ျပီး၊ သမုိင္းမွတ္တမ္းမွာ ပါရွိသည္႕ အမွန္အတုိင္း တင္ျပေဆြးေနြးပါမည္ဟု ယုံၾကည္ပါသည္။ နုိင္ငံေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္းဟူသည္ အမွန္ေပၚ ရပ္တည္ျပီး၊ အမွားေျပာမိခဲ႕လွ်င္ ဝန္ခံနုိင္ေသာ သတၱိရွိရမည္။ သုိ႕မဟုတ္ပါက လူလိမ္၊အတၱကုိယ္က်ဳိးသမား၊ ရာထူးအာဏာ မက္ေသာ သူသာျဖစ္ေပမည္။
ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕ခင္ဗ်ား၊ စာတမ္းေလးကုိသည္းခံျပီး ဖတ္ရွဳနုိင္ေသာသတၱိေမြးပါမည္ဟု ေမွ်ာ္လင္႕ပါသည္။
အာဘူအာနင္
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ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕
ျပည္သူ႕လြတ္ေတာ္ကုိယ္စားလွယ္၊ သကန္းကြ်န္းျမိဳ႕နယ္၊၊
ရက္စြဲ။ ။၁၈ ရက္၊ဇူလိုင္လ၊၂၀၁၂ ခုနွစ္။
လူၾကီးမင္းခင္ဗ်ား-
နွစ္ေပါင္း(၂ဝ) ေက်ာ္ NLD ပါတီဗဟုိ အလုပ္အမွဳေဆာင္ေကာ္မတီမွာ ပါဝင္ခဲ႕ျပီး အာဏာရွင္စနစ္၊ အာဏာရွင္ဥပေဒ၊ အာဏာရွင္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ကုိင္တြယ္ပုံမ်ားကုိ ေဝဖန္ရွဳံခ်၊ အတုိက္အခံျပဳခဲ႕သျဖင္႕ လူၾကီးမင္းကုိ ေလးစားေလာက္ေသာ နဳိင္ငံေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္းအျဖစ္ ျပည္သူက ရွဳျမင္ခဲ႕သည္၊၊
သုိ႕ေသာ္ လူၾကီးမင္းသည္ တုိင္းျပည္တြင္းစနစ္နွင္႕ တရားဥပေဒမ်ား ေျပာင္းလဲေရး၊ တရားဥပေဒ စုိးမုိးေရးတုိ႕ပီပီျပင္ျပင္ ျဖစ္ေပၚအသက္ဝင္လာေရးကုိ အေလးမထားဘဲ ရာထူးရရွိေရး၊ လြွတ္ေတာ္ အမတ္ျဖစ္နုဳိင္ေရးကုိ ဦးစားေပးလ်ွက္ NLD ဗဟုိအလုပ္အမွဳေဆာင္အဖြဲ႕မွ ခြဲထြက္ကာ ပါတီသစ္ထူေထာင္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဝင္ေရာက္ယွဥ္ျပိဳင္ခဲ႕သည္၊၊ ယခင္ရရွိခဲ႕ေသာ ဒီမုိကေရစီေခါင္းေဆာင္ဟူသည္႕သိကၡာကုိ သကန္းကြ်န္းျမဳီ႕နယ္ က ျပည္သူမ်ားကို ထင္ေယာင္ထင္မွားျဖစ္ခဲ႕သည္၊၊ လူၾကီးမင္းအားလွြတ္ေတာ္ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္အျဖစ္ေထာက္ခံခဲ့၍ လြွတ္ေတာ္အမတ္ ျဖစ္ေနပါသည္။ ယခုလြွတ္ေတာ္တြင္း ဒီမုိကေရစီ ဆန္႕က်င္ေသာ ဒီမုိကေရစီနွင္႕လူ႕အခြင္႕အေရးကုိ ျပက္ရယ္ျပဳေသာ အသုံးအနွဳန္းျဖင္႕ ေဆြးေနြးေနသည္ဟု ၾကားသိရပါသည္။
နဳိင္ငံသားအေရးေဆာင္ရြက္ရာတြင္ လူ႕အခြင္႕အေရးဟုဆုိကာ ကဗ်ာမဆန္သင္႕ဟု ယခုစတုတၱအၾကိမ္ လြွတ္ေတာ္အစည္းအေဝးမွာ ေျပာဆုိခဲ႕ပါသည္။ လူ႕အခြင္႕အေရးဆုိသည္ကုိ အေရးစုိက္ရန္မလုိဟု ဆုိလုိျခင္းေလာ႕။ ယခင္ NLD ပါတီမွာရွိစဥ္က ဒီမုိကေရစီနွင္႕လူ႕အခြင္႕အေရးဟု ေၾကြးေၾကာ္ခဲ႕ျခင္းမွာ NLD တြင္ ရာထူးရရွိေရးအတြက္ ဟန္ေဆာင္ေၾကြးေၾကာ္ျခင္းေလာ႕။
နဳိင္ငံသားစိစစ္ေရးကဒ္အတု၊ မမွန္မကန္မ်ား၊ ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္ ကုိင္တြယ္ဖုိ႕လုိပါတယ္ဟု လြွတ္ေတာ္အတြငး္ေျပာဆုိခဲ႕ပါသည္။ နဳိင္ငံသားစိစစ္ေရးကဒ္သည္ ၁၉၈၂ ခုနွစ္ နုိင္ငံသားဥပေဒသစ္အရ ေပၚထြက္လာေသာ ကဒ္ျပားျဖစ္သည္။ ဤတြင္ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕က အာဏာရွင္စနစ္အတြင္း ၁၉၈၂ ခုနွစ္ျပ ခဲ႕ေသာ နုိင္ငံသား ဥပေဒသစ္ကုိ မွန္ကန္မ်ွတသည္႕ နုိင္ငံတကာစံခ်ိန္စံညြွန္းနွင္႕ ကုိက္ညီသည္႕ ဥပေဒဟုဆုိလုိျခင္းေလာ႕။ ထုိဥပေဒမွန္ကန္လ်ွင္ အာဏာရွင္ေခတ္က တျခားဥပေဒမ်ားလည္း မွန္ကန္သည္ဟု ယူဆရေပမည္။ ထုိသုိ႕ဥပေဒေရး၊ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး မွန္ကန္သည္ဟု ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕က သတ္မွတ္သည္ဆုိလ်ွင္ ယခင္က ေဝဖန္တုိက္ခုိက္ခဲ႕ျခင္းမွာ မွားယြင္းပါသည္ဟုဝန္ခံေတာင္းပန္ရန္ လုိအပ္ပါလိမ္႕မည္ဟု ယူဆပါသည္။
ထုိ႕အျပင္ ကုိလုိနီေခတ္မွာ အဂၤလိပ္က ႏွစ္ၾကိမ္သန္းေခါင္စာရင္းေကာက္တယ္။ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိးဆုိတာ မရွိခဲ႕ဘူးဟု လြွတ္ေတာ္မွာ ေဆြးေနြးရာ၌ ေျပာဆုိသြားသည္။ ပထမအခ်က္မွာ အဂၤလိပ္ေခတ္ သန္းေခါင္းစာရင္း နွစ္ၾကိမ္မက ဆယ္နွစ္တစ္ၾကိမ္၊ ရွစ္ၾကိမ္အထိ ေကာက္ခံခဲ႕သည္။ ဒုတိယအခ်က္ကား ထုိသန္းေခါင္း စာရင္းမ်ားတြင္ ယေန႕တုိင္းရင္းသား(၁၃၅) မ်ဳိးဟု ဆုိေသာ လူမ်ဳိးစုမ်ားအားလုံး အမည္နာမ မ်ားမရွိခဲ႕သည္ကုိ အဘယ္ေၾကာင္႕ထုတ္ေဖၚမေျပာခဲ႕သနည္း။ ၁၉၇၃ ခုနွစ္မွာ သန္းေခါင္စာရင္း ဥပေဒ ဟုျပ႒ါန္းခဲ႕သည္ကုိ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕ကေရွ႕ေနတစ္ေယာက္အေနျဖင္႕ သိရွိမည္ဟုထင္ပါသည္။ ထုိဥပေဒ ေအာက္မွာ သန္းေခါင္စာရင္းလမ္းညြွန္စာအုပ္ဟု ထြက္ရွိခဲ႕သည္။
၄င္းစာအုပ္ သန္းေခါင္စာရင္းတြင္စာရင္းမွတ္ယူရန္အတြက္ တုိင္းရင္းသားလူမ်ဳိးစုမ်ားနွင္႕ နုိင္ငံျခားသား လူမ်ဳီးစုဟူ ခြဲျခားေဖာ္ျပသတ္မွတ္ခဲ႕ရာ၊ နုိင္ငံျခားသားစာရင္းဝင္ လူမ်ဳိးတစ္ခ်ဳီ႕ ယေန႕တုိင္းရင္းသား (၁၃၅)မ်ဳိးထဲတြင္ မည္သုိ႕ပါလာသည္ကုိ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕က ထုတ္ေဖၚေျပာဆုိျခင္းမရွိဘဲ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာကုိ နဳိင္ငံျခား သားဟု အဘယ္ေၾကာင္႕ ေျပာလုိပါသနည္း။
တလုိင္းသည္မြန္၊ ေကာသူေလသည္ ကရင္၊ ကရင္နီသည္ ကယား၊ ေတာင္သူသည္ ပအုိဝ္႕၊ အီေကာသည္ အာခါ၊ ရွမ္းတရုတ္သည္ကုိးကန္႕၊ လဝသည္လြယ္လ စသည္ျဖင္႕လက္ရွိ လူမ်ဳိးနာမည္မ်ားေျပာင္းလဲ ခံယူနဳိင္လ်ွင္ အဂၤလိပ္သန္းေခါင္စာရင္းမွာ ရခုိင္မူစလင္၊ရခုိင္မုိဟမၼဒင္ဟူ ပါရွိခဲ႕ေသာလူမ်ဳိးသည္ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာဟု ျဖစ္လာျခင္းကုိ ပညာရွိ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕ အဘယ္ေၾကာင္႕ကန္႕ကြက္ေနရပါသနည္း။ မူဆလင္နွင္႕တြဲ လူမ်ဳိး တစ္မ်ဳိး လက္မခံနဳိင္ဟု ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕တုိ႕က မူဝါဒခ်မွတ္လာသျဖင္႕မူဆလင္တြဲမပါေသာ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိး မူရင္း နာမည္ ကုိ ေဖာ္ထုတ္ရျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာသည္ ေရွးေဟာင္းရခုိင္မွ မူဆလင္မ်ား နာမည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းကုိ ၁၇၊၁၈ ရာစုနွစ္မ်ားမွာ မွတ္တမ္းတင္ခဲ႕ေသာ ကုိယ္ေတြ႕မ်က္ျမင္မွတ္တမ္းစာအုပ္မ်ားကုိ ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕ ေလ႕လာနဳိင္ရန္ေအာက္တြင္ရည္ညြန္းေဖာ္ျပအပ္ပါသည္။
1.A study of languages spoken in Burma Empire by Francis Buchnan 1798
2.Classical Journal for (September and December) 1811,Vol.IV.(London)
3.Grammaticae, Lexica,collection vocabuclorum(1815,Berlin)
4.An Account of Arakan by Major R.E Robert June, 1777(Chittagong)
အထက္ပါစာအုပ္မ်ားကုိ ေလ႕လာလွ်င္ လြွတ္ေတာ္အမတ္မင္း ဦးသိန္းညြန္း ကရုိဟင္ဂ်ာသည္ ယခုေပၚလာေသာ နာမည္သစ္မဟုတ္ေၾကာင္း ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္မွာ ေရွးပေဝသဏီကပင္ မူဆလင္မ်ားကုိ ေခၚေဝၚေသာ နာမည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သေဘာေပါက္ပါလိမ္႕မည္။ ထုိ႕အျပင္ ထုိ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာသည္ ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္ လူဦးေရစုစုေပါင္း တစ္ဝက္ထက္ပုိခဲ႕ေၾကာင္းကုိလည္းသိရွိသြားျပီး၊ လာမည္႕လြတ္ေတာ္ အစည္းအေဝးမွာ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာကိစၥေဆြးေနြးလာလွ်င္ အမွားေျပာမိသည္ကုိ ျပင္ဆင္ျပီး၊ သမုိင္းမွတ္တမ္းမွာ ပါရွိသည္႕ အမွန္အတုိင္း တင္ျပေဆြးေနြးပါမည္ဟု ယုံၾကည္ပါသည္။ နုိင္ငံေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္းဟူသည္ အမွန္ေပၚ ရပ္တည္ျပီး၊ အမွားေျပာမိခဲ႕လွ်င္ ဝန္ခံနုိင္ေသာ သတၱိရွိရမည္။ သုိ႕မဟုတ္ပါက လူလိမ္၊အတၱကုိယ္က်ဳိးသမား၊ ရာထူးအာဏာ မက္ေသာ သူသာျဖစ္ေပမည္။
ဦးသိန္းညြန္႕ခင္ဗ်ား၊ စာတမ္းေလးကုိသည္းခံျပီး ဖတ္ရွဳနုိင္ေသာသတၱိေမြးပါမည္ဟု ေမွ်ာ္လင္႕ပါသည္။
အာဘူအာနင္
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| ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ိဳးသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရွိလူမ်ဳိးစုထ |
လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ေျခာက္ပတ္အၾကာက ရခုိင္ေဒသတြင္းအေရး ေပၚအေျခအေန ေၾကညာခ်က္ထုတ္ၿပန္ခဲ့ၿပီးေနာက္ အစုလုိက္အျပဳံလုိက္ ဖမ္းဆီးျခင္း၊ အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈမ်ား တုိးပြားလာျခင္းမ်ားအျပင္ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးအေျခ အေနတုိးတက္လာမႈမ်ား ေနာက္ျပန္ဆုတ္သြားသည္ဟု ႏုိင္ငံတကာ လြတ္ၿငိမ္း ခ်မ္းသာ ခြင့္ကေျပာၾကား လုိက္ပါသည္။
ႏုိင္ငံတကာလြတ္ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာခြင့္အဖြဲ႔မွျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဆုိင္ရာသုေတသီျဖစ္သူ Benjamin Zawacki မွ - ေဒသ တြင္း အေရးေပၚအေျခအေန ေၾကညာျခင္းကလူ႔အခြင့္အေရးေတြခ်ဳိးေဖာက္ဖုိ႔လုိင္စင္မဟုတ္ဘူး - ဟုေျပာၾကားသည္။ လုံျခဳံေရးတပ္ဖြဲ႔၀င္ေတြအေနနဲ႔ခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံျခင္းမ်ဳိး မလုပ္ပဲလူတုိင္းရဲ့ အခြင့္ အေရး အတြက္ရပ္တည္ေပးရမွာပါ။ ကုိယ္ကုိယ္တုိင္လည္းလူ႔အခြင့္အေရးကုိခုိင္ခုိင္မာမာလုိက္နာရမွာပါ - ဟု ဆက္ လက္ ေျပာၾကားသည္။
ရခုိင္-ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၊ ရခုိင္-မြတ္စလင္ႏွင့္ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာ-မြတ္စလင္မ်ားအၾကားအၾကမ္းဖက္မႈမ်ားစတင္ျဖစ္ပြားခ်ိန္ ဇြန္လ (၁၀) ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္မွ အေရးေပၚအေျခအေန ေၾကညာခဲ့သည္။ ထုိအခ်ိန္မွစ၍ လုံၿခဳံေရးတပ္ဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ား၊ စစ္တပ္ႏွင့္ နယ္ေျမခံ နစကမ်ားမွ ဦးစီး၍ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာအမ်ားစု ေနထုိင္ ရာေဒသမ်ားတြင္ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားရွင္းလင္းပြဲသဖြယ္ အႀကီးအက်ယ္ ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့သည္။ ရာေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေသာ လူႀကီး၊ လူငယ္မ်ားကုိ ဖမ္းဆီး၍ ဆက္သြယ္၍မရေသာ ေနရာမ်ားတြင္ ထားရွိၿပီး၊ အခ်ဳိ႕ေသာသူမ်ားကုိ အလြန္တရာႏွိပ္စက္ညွင္းပန္းေၾကာင္းသိရွိ ရသည္။ ဖမ္းဆီးျခင္းမ်ားမွာလည္း မတရားသျဖင့္ခြဲျခား၍ ဖမ္းဆီးျခင္းသာျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ ဘာသာေရးကုိ အေျခခံၿပီးလြတ္လပ္ခြင့္မေပးပဲ၊ အခြင့္အေရး ခ်ဳိးေဖာက္၍သာ ဖမ္းဆီးေနျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။
ႏုိင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းခ် ထားတာတဲ့ အေျခအေနကုိ ေျပာင္းျပန္လုပ္ၿပီးၿပီ။ တစ္ႏွစ္ေက်ာ္အတြင္းမွာ ႏုိင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားေတြ အေျမာက္အျမားကုိ လႊတ္ေပးၿပီးေတာ့မွအခု တစ္ခါႏုိင္ငံေရး အက်ဥ္း သားေတြပုိ ၿပီးတုိးလာေနၿပီ။ - ဟု Mr. Zawacki ကေျပာသည္။
ဖမ္းဆီးခံထားရသူမ်ားကုိႏုိင္ငံတကာမွအသိအမွတ္ျပဳသည့္ျပစ္မႈမ်ဳိးက်ဴးလြန္မွသာလွ်င္ျပစ္ဒဏ္ခ်မွတ္သင့္ေၾကာင္း၊ ျပစ္မႈကုိစစ္ေဆးေသာ တရားေရးရာတြင္လည္းသင့္တင့္ၿပီး လြတ္လပ္ေသာ စစ္ေဆးမႈ မ်ဳိးသာျဖစ္ရမည္ျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ ေသဒဏ္ခ်မွတ္ျခင္းမျပဳလုပ္ရန္ႏွင့္ အကယ္၍ဖမ္းဆီး ခံရသူကုိ အျပစ္မရွိလွ်င္ အျမန္ဆုံးလႊတ္ေပးရန္ေတာင္းဆုိသည္။
ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမြတ္စလင္မ်ားႏွင့္ရခုိင္မြတ္စလင္မ်ား၏ေျပာၾကားခ်က္မ်ားအရ ကုိယ္ထိလက္ေရာက္ ရုိက္ႏွက္ႏွိပ္စက္ခံရျခင္း၊ မုဒိန္းက်င့္ခံရျခင္း၊ ပုိင္ဆုိင္မႈမ်ားဖ်က္ဆီးခံရျခင္း၊ တရားဥပေဒမဲ့စြာမ်ား စြာသတ္ျဖတ္ခံရျခင္း မ်ားကုိ လုံျခဳံေရးတပ္ဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားႏွင့္ရခုိင္-ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္မ်ားက ၎တုိ႔ အေပၚက်ဴး လြန္ၾကေၾကာင္း၊ ျမန္မာအစုိးရ အေနျဖင့္ယခုကဲ့သုိ႔ လုပ္ရပ္မ်ားကုိ ရပ္တန္႔ရန္တား ဆီးရမည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း၊ ေနာက္ေနာင္ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ ႏွိပ္စက္ညွင္းပန္းျခင္းမ်ား မျဖစ္ပြားရန္ ကာကြယ္ေပး ရမည္ျဖစ္သည္။
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ၏အမ်ဳိးသားလူ႔အခြင့္အေရးေကာ္မရွင္မွ ဇူလုိင္လ (၁၁) ရက္ေန႔တြင္ေျပာၾကားရာတြင္ လူ ၇၈ ဦးေသဆုံးၿပီး၊ အစုိးရႏွင့္ကုလသမဂၢ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားမွခန္႔မွန္းရာတြင္လူဦးေရ ၅၀၀၀၀ မွ ၉၀၀၀၀ ခန္႔ထိအုိးမဲ့အိမ္မဲ့ျဖစ္သည္။ လြတ္လပ္ေသာေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေရးသမားမ်ားႏွင့္ လူမႈ အေထာက္အကူျပဳ အလုပ္သမားမ်ားကုိ၀င္ေရာက္ခြင့္ကန္႔သတ္ထားေသာေၾကာင့္ယခုထိပုိမုိထိက်ေသာသတင္းမ်ားရရန္လြယ္ကူမႈမရွိျဖစ္ေနသည္။
လူ႔အခြင့္အေရး၊ လူမႈေရးအေထာက္အကူမ်ား၊ လြတ္လပ္ေသာေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေရးသမားမ်ား၊ လူသားခ်င္းစာနာေထာက္ပံ့ေရး၀န္ထမ္းမ်ားကုိ အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈမွာ ဒုကၡေရာက္သူမ်ားအတြက္ အမွန္တကယ္လုိအပ္ေနတယ္။ ျမန္မာအစုိးရ ထုိဒုကၡသည္မ်ား အေပၚပုိမုိ၍ အမွားမ်ားက်ဴးလြန္ ေနတယ္ - ဟု Mr. Zawacki ကေျပာၾကားပါသည္။
ႏုိင္ငံတကာလြတ္ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာခြင့္အဖြဲ႔မွ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားကုိႏုိင္ငံမဲ့ဘ၀သုိ႔ေရာက္ေစသည့္ ၁၉၈၂ ခုႏွစ္ႏုိင္ငံသားအက္ဥပေဒကုိျပန္လည္ျပင္ဆင္ ရန္ (သုိ႔မဟုတ္) ဖ်က္သိမ္းရန္ေတာင္းဆုိပါသည္။
ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားကုိႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာလူ႔အခြင့္အေရးခ်ဳိးေဖာက္ၿပီး၊ ႏုိင္ငံသားအျဖစ္မွျငင္းပယ္ထားသည့္အျပင္ အမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးေသာခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံမႈေတြ လုပ္ေနတာၾကာၿပီ - ဟု Mr. Zawacki မွေျပာၾကား၍နိဂုံးခ်ဳပ္ခဲ့သည္။
ႏုိင္ငံတကာလြတ္ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာခြင့္မွ (ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားကုိႏွိပ္စက္ညွင္းပန္းျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံလတ္တေလာအေျခအေနတုိက္စားသြား) ၁၉.၇.၂၀၁၂ ထုတ္ျပန္ေသာသတင္းကုိကုိးကား ၍ေရးသား တင္ျပ ပါသည္။
RB News Desk
မဇၥ်ိမသတင္းဌာန ။ ။ ျမန္မာသမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္သည္ ဇြန္လ အတြင္းက သူ၏ ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံ ခရီးစဥ္ကုိ ႏွစ္ႀကိမ္ တိုင္တိုင္ ေရႊ႕ဆိုင္းခဲ့ရၿပီးေနာက္ လာမည့္ တနဂၤေႏြေန႔တြင္ သံုးရက္ၾကာ ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံ ခရီးစဥ္ကုိ စတင္မည္ ျဖစ္သည္။ ထိုစဥ္တြင္ ရခိုင္ျပည္နယ္ရွိ ႐ိုဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္၏ မၾကာေသးခင္က မွတ္ခ်က္မ်ားကိုေသာၾကာေန႔ထုတ္ ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံ အေျခစိုက္ ဘန္ေကာက္ပုိ႔စ္ သတင္းစာ၏ အယ္ဒီတာ့ အာေဘာ္က ျပင္းျပင္းထန္ထန္ေဝဖန္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ျမန္မာသမၼတ ခရီးစဥ္အား ႀကိဳဆိုလိုက္သည္။
မူလက ဇြန္လ ၄ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ဦးသိန္းစိန္၏ ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံ ခရီးစဥ္ စတင္ရန္ သတ္မွတ္ခဲ့ျပီး ထိုင္းႏုိင္ငံ ဘန္ေကာက္ျမိဳ႕တြင္ က်င္းပခဲ့သည့္ အေရွ႕အာ႐ွ ကမၻာ့စီးပြါးေရးဖိုရမ္ တြင္လည္း မိန္႔ခြန္းေျပာရန္ စီစဥ္ခဲ့ေသးသည္။ သုိ႔ရာတြင္ ျမန္မာ့ အတိုက္အခံ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္အား လာေရာက္ရန္ႏွင့္ ထုိကြန္ဖရင့္တြင္ မိန္႔ခြန္းေျပာၾကားရန္ အားတက္သေရာ ဖိတ္ၾကားခဲ့ၾကျပီးသည့္ ေနာက္တြင္မူ သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္၏ ထိုင္းႏုိင္ငံ ခရီးစဥ္ကုိ ဖ်က္သိမ္းလိုက္ၾက ၿပီး သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္အေနျဖင့္ ခရီးစဥ္အတြင္း ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၏ အရွိန္အဝါေအာက္တြင္ လႊမ္းမိုးခံရမည္ကုိ မလိုလားသျဖင့္ ခရီးစဥ္ ဖ်က္သိမ္းလိုက္ၾကျခင္း ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ထင္ေၾကးမ်ားလည္း ထြက္ေပၚခဲ့သည္။
ျမန္မာသမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ ဇူလိုင္လအတြင္း ကေမၻာဒီးယား ႏုိင္ငံ Siem Reap တြင္ က်င္းပခဲ့သည့္ အေမရိကန္-အာဆီယံ စီးပြားေရးဖိုရမ္တြင္ မိန္႔ခြန္း ေျပာၾကားေနစဥ္
ျမန္မာအစုိးရကမူ ႏုိင္ငံအတြင္းတြင္ ထမ္းေဆာင္ရန္ တာဝန္မ်ား ရွိေနျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ခရီးစဥ္ကုိ ဖ်က္သိမ္းခဲ့ရျခင္းျဖစ္သည္ဟု ဆိုခဲ့သည္။ ေနာက္ ပိုင္းတြင္လည္း ေနာက္ထပ္ ခရီးစဥ္ တခုကို ဖ်က္သိမ္းခဲ့ျပန္သည္။
သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္ အေနျဖင့္ ထိုင္းဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ ယင္လပ္ ႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ဆံုေဆြးေႏြးမည္ ျဖစ္ကာ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ႏွစ္ဦး သည္ လူ႔အရင္းအျမစ္ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေရးႏွင့္ ၂ဝ၁၄ ခုႏွစ္ အာဆီယံ ဥကၠ႒ ေနရာကုိ ျမန္ မာႏုိင္ ငံ က လက္ခံေဆာင္ရြက္မည္ ျဖစ္သည့္ အတြက္ ၾကိဳတင္ ျပင္ဆင္ေရးမ်ား အပါအဝင္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအတြင္း ဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးေရးမ်ားတြင္ ႏွစ္ႏုိင္ငံ ပူးေပါင္း ေဆာင္ရြက္မည့္ နားလည္မွႈ စာခၽြန္လႊာတရပ္ လက္မွတ္ေရးထုိးပြဲသုိ႔လည္း တက္ေရာက္ ၾကမည္ျဖစ္သည္ဟု ထိုင္းအရာရွိမ်ားက အေစာပုိင္းက ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ကုလသမဂၢ အရာရွိတဦးသုိ႔ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာ အေရးႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ မၾကာေသးခင္က ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည့္ မွတ္ခ်က္ကုိ ဘန္ေကာက္ပို႔စ္ သတင္းစာ၏ အယ္ဒီတာ့ အာေဘာ္က ေသာၾကာေန႔တြင္ ျပင္းျပင္းထန္ထန္ စိန္ေခၚ ထားျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။
သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္၏ မွတ္ခ်က္မွာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအတြင္းရွိ သိန္းႏွင့္ခ်ီသည့္ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားအား ကုလသမဂၢက လက္ခံရန္ အၾကံေပးျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။ ဇြန္လအတြင္းက ရခိုင္ျပည္နယ္တြင္ ပဋိပကၡမ်ား ျဖစ္ပြါးကာ လူေပါင္း ၇ဝ ေက်ာ္ အသက္ ဆံုးရံႈးခဲ့ရသည့္ အျပင္ အိုးအိမ္မ်ားႏွင့္ ပုိင္ဆိုင္မွႈမ်ား မ်ားစြာ ပ်က္စီး ဆံုးရံႈးခဲ့ရျပီး ေနာက္တြင္ သမၼတက ကုလသမဂၢ အရာရွိအား အၾကံေပးခဲ့ျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။
ဘန္ေကာက္ပို႔စ္ အယ္ဒီတာ့ အာေဘာ္တြင္ “ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံနဲ႔ သူတို႔အစုိးရဟာ ၄၈ ႏွစ္လံုးလံုး ရက္စက္ ၾကမ္းတမ္းလွတဲ့ စစ္အာဏာရွင္စနစ္ အျပီးမွာ ျပန္လည္ အမီလိုက္ဖုိ႔အတြက္ သြားစရာခရီးေတြ အမ်ားၾကီး ရွိေနေသးပါတယ္။ မၾကာခင္ က ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ အေနာက္ပုိင္းမွာ ျဖစ္ပ်က္ခဲ့တဲ့ လူမ်ိဳးေရး ပဋိပကၡေတြဟာ အျပင္ပန္း စည္းလံုးညီညြတ္မွႈ မ်က္ႏွာစာႀကီး ကုိ ၿပိဳက်ေစခဲ့ပါတယ္” ဟု ဆိုထားသည္။
“သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ရဲ႕ မွတ္ခ်က္ဟာ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရး လုပ္ေနတဲ့ အစုိးရ တရပ္ဆီက ၾကားရတဲ့ ခုတေလာအတြင္း စိတ္ပ်က္စရာ အေကာင္းဆံုး မွတ္ခ်က္ပါပဲ” ဟု အယ္ဒီတာ့ အာေဘာ္က ဆိုသည္။
ဘန္ေကာက္ပို႔စ္ အယ္ဒီတာ့ အာေဘာ္က ဆက္လက္၍ ဆိုထားသည္မွာ “သူ [သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္] က ကုလသမဂၢကုိ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ အပါတ္က ေျပာခဲ့ရာမွာ ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္မွာ ရွိတဲ့ တသန္းနီးပါးရွိတဲ့ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာေတြကို ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံက လက္ခံ ႀကိဳဆိုမွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူးလို႔ ဆိုပါတယ္။ သူတို႔ကုိ ဒုကၡသည္ စခန္းေတြမွာ ေနရာခ်ထားဖုိ႔နဲ႔ ပုိေကာင္းတာကေတာ့ျမန္မာႏုိ္င္ငံကေန ႏွင္ထုတ္ဖို႔ပါပဲလို႔ ဆိုခဲ့ပါတယ္။ သူတို႔ဟာ လူမ်ိဳးအရလည္း အမ်ားစု ဗမာေတြနဲ႔ ျခားနားေနျပီး ဘာသာေရးအရလည္း မူစလင္ေတြ ျဖစ္ၾကတယ္လို႔ သမၼတက ေျပာခဲ့ပါတယ္။ တခုတည္းေသာ အေျဖကေတာ့ သူတို႔ကုိ ကုလသမဂၢ ဒုကၡသည္မ်ားဆိုင္ရာ မဟာမင္းၾကီး႐ုံးကုိ လႊဲေျပာင္းေပးဖုိ႔ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ သူတို႔ကုိ လက္ခံခ်င္တဲ့ တတိယ ႏုိင္ငံေတြမွာ သူတို႔ကုိ အေျခခ်ေစဖို႔ပါပဲ လို႔ သူက ဆိုပါတယ္” ဟု ေရးသားထားသည္။
ဘန္ေကာက္ပို႔စ္ သတင္းစာက ျမန္မာသမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္၏ အျမင္အား ထိုင္းအစုိးရက ေစာဒက တက္ပါရန္ တိုက္တြန္း ထားသည္။
“႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာေတြရဲ႕ ျဖစ္တည္မွႈနဲ႔တကြ ျပႆနာေတြကို ဦးသိန္းစိန္ရဲ႕ ခရီးစဥ္အတြင္းမွာ ေဆြးေႏြး သင့္ ပါတယ္။ ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံ နဲ႔ တျခားအိမ္နီးခ်င္း ႏုိ္င္ငံေတြဟာ ဒီလူေတြရဲ႕ အတိဒုကၡေတြကို ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာ သတိထားမိပါတယ္” ဟု သတင္းစာက ဆုိသည္။
“ျမန္မာ သမၼတရဲ႕ အံ့ၾသထိတ္လန္႔စရာ ေကာင္းတဲ့ မွတ္ခ်က္ကို ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဟာ စစ္တပ္ရဲ႕ ေသ နတ္ေအာက္မွာ တကယ့္ကမၻာနဲ႔ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ အဆက္ျပတ္ အထီးက်န္ေနခဲ့ရတဲ့အတြက္ ခုလို ေျပာမိတာလို႔ ဆင္ေျခေပးလို႔ေတာ့ ရႏုိင္ပါတယ္” ဟု ဘန္ေကာက္ပို႔စ္က ေရးသားထားသည္။
သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ အေနျဖင့္ သူေျပာခဲ့သည့္ စကားအတိုင္း အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ လုပ္ေဆာင္ လာခဲ့ လွ်င္လည္း လက္ခံႏုိင္စရာမရွိဟု အယ္ဒီတာ့ အာေဘာ္က ဆိုထားေသးသည္။
“ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဟာ ရွည္လ်ားျပီး အေမွာင္ဖံုးလႊမ္းေနတဲ့ အၾကမ္းဖက္မွႈ သမိုင္းေၾကာင္းကေန ႐ုန္းကန္ေပၚထြက္လာေနတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ ႏွစ္ ၅ဝ က စံႏွႈန္းေတြနဲ႔ အလြန္ ကြဲျပားျခားနားတဲ့ စံႏွႈန္းေတြနဲ႔ ကမၻာသစ္ထဲကို ဝင္ေရာက္ေန တာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ဦးသိန္းစိန္ရဲ႕ မွတ္ခ်က္ေတြကေတာ့ လူမ်ိဳးေရးခြဲျခားမွႈ၊ မလိုမုန္းထားမွႈ၊ ၿခိမ္းေျခာက္မွႈ ဆန္ေနပါတယ္။ သူတို႔ကုိ ေစာဒကတက္ ေဝဖန္မွႈေတြ ရွိသင့္ပါတယ္” ဟု ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံထုတ္ဘန္ေကာက္ပို႔စ္သတင္းစာ အယ္ဒီတာ့ အာေဘာ္က ေရးသားထားသည္။
Sources Here:
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Elmasry is a professor emeritus of computer engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada. |
July 19, 2012
Muslims have been victims of discrimination and human rights violations in Burma for many decades.
General Aung San, father of modern Burma, envisioned a more open nation with respect for differences. Aung San, head of the Burma Independence Army and father of Aung San Suu Kyi, managed to maneuver the British into agreeing to Burmese independence, but he and much of his cabinet were murdered in 1947 in a coup d’état before independence.
Aung San was reaching out to Burmese minorities to grant them minority rights, satisfying many but not all. For example, the Karens, with a sizeable Christian (Methodist) minority, undertook an armed revolt. However, with the coup all recognition of minority rights was off, and many armed revolts erupted.
Roughly a third of the Burmese population is made up of a large number of ethnic minorities. Muslim Rohingyas make up around 4% of the population. Unlike other minority groups, they are not seen as Burmese citizens but as illegal immigrants. This is in spite of a very long history of Muslims in the Rakhine (Arakan) sector of what is now Burma (or Myanmar).
Burma’s first Prime Minister, U Nu, was responsible for making Buddhism the state religion. He was overthrown in 1962 by General Ne Win, who expelled Muslims from the army. Turning to more recent times, Burma was the scene of an anti-Muslim riot in reaction to the Taliban destruction of the world-famous Buddha sculptures in Afghanistan. Bigotry begets bigotry. Another riot occurred because of damage by unknown persons to a statue of Buddha in Mandalay.
The most recent major outburst against the Rohingyas specifically began in June of last year. It started in reaction to the rape and murder of a Rakhine (Arakan) Buddhist woman by three Muslim men. Ten Muslims were hauled off a bus and killed by a Buddhist mob and Burmese troops. Following this atrocity, there have been killings and property destruction on the part of both Buddhist and Muslim mobs, with people of good will on both sides condemning the mayhem.
Homes and businesses have been destroyed. Muslims have been tortured, raped, and murdered. Displaced Rohingyas have been placed in concentration camps. Aid workers warn of malnutrition, if not starvation. Buddhist monks have blocked food transports, and aid workers have been driven out and arrested.
Looking at the situation from a longer perspective, since 1978, Amnesty International reported on the Rohingya situation:
“The Rohingyas’ freedom of movement is severely restricted and the vast majority of them have effectively been denied Burma citizenship.
They are also subjected to various forms of extortion and arbitrary taxation; land confiscation; forced eviction and house destruction; and financial restrictions on marriage. Rohingyas continue to be used as forced labourers on roads and at military camps, although the amount of forced labour in northern Rakhine State has decreased over the last decade.
“In 1978 over 200,000 Rohingyas fled to Bangladesh, following the ‘Nagamin’ (‘Dragon King’) operation of the Myanmar army. Officially this campaign aimed at ‘scrutinising each individual living in the state, designating citizens and foreigners in accordance with the law and taking action against foreigners who had filtered into the country illegally.’
This military campaign directly targeted civilians, and resulted in widespread killings, rape and destruction of mosques and further religious persecution.
“During 1991-92 a new wave of over a quarter of a million Rohingyas fled to Bangladesh. They reported widespread forced labour, as well as summary executions, torture, and rape.”
Over the years, Rohingyas have fled to neighbouring countries, some to Bangladesh which borders with their section of Burma, some to Thailand. Neither country is receptive. Bangladesh is negotiating with Burma to return Rohingyas. There have been instances where boats of Rohingyas reaching Thailand have been towed out to sea and allowed to sink.
Faisal, the late Saudi King, welcomed Rohingya refugees, but with his passing the attitude has shifted. Syed Neaz Ahmad, a British academic who found himself in a Saudi prison for some unknown reason, reported in an article in the Guardian in 2009 that some 3000 Rohingya families were in Saudi prisons awaiting deportation. At the time, it was unclear who would accept them.
Who will help the desperate Rohingyas? Who will demand that the new “reformist” government of Burma allow aid workers back into the camps, give Rohingyas citizenship, and protect their rights?
Source :The Egyptian Gazette
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| Abuse Against Myanmar's Rohingya Erodes Recent Progress |
Amnesty International
July 20, 2012
More Than 50,000 Displaced; Number of Political Prisoners Again on the Rise
(Washington, D.C.) – Amnesty International today called recent attacks against minority Rohingyas and other Muslims in Myanmar a "step back" in the country's recent progress on human rights, citing increased violence and unlawful arrests following a state of emergency declared six weeks ago in the Rakhine state.
"Declaring a state of emergency is not a license to commit human rights violations," said Benjamin Zawacki, Amnesty International's Myanmar researcher. "It is the duty of security forces to defend the rights of everyone--without exception or discrimination--while abiding by human rights standards themselves."
The Myanmar government declared a state of emergency in Rakhine State on June 10, following an outbreak of communal violence in the previous week among the Buddhist Rakhine, Muslim Rakhine, and Muslim Rohingya communities. It remains in effect in several areas.
Since then, Myanmar's Border Security Force (nasaka), army and police have conducted massive sweeps in areas that are heavily populated by Rohingyas. Hundreds of mostly men and boys have been detained, nearly all held incommunicado, and some subjected to ill-treatment.
Most arrests appear to have been arbitrary and discriminatory, violating the rights to liberty and to freedom from discrimination on grounds of religion.
"Myanmar has done an about-turn on the situation of political imprisonment," said Zawacki. "After more than a year of prisoner amnesties and releases, the overall number of political prisoners in Myanmar is again on the rise."
Those arrested during the state of emergency must be charged with an internationally recognized offense. Related judicial proceedings must be both fair and impartial and not include the death sentence. If detainees are not justifiably charged, they must be released from custody.
Many Rohingyas and other Rakhine Muslims reported cases of physical abuse, rape, destruction of property and unlawful killings carried out by both Rakhine Buddhists and security forces. Authorities in Myanmar must take action to stop these acts and prevent future abuses from occurring.
Myanmar's National Human Rights Commission said on July 11 that at least 78 people have been killed since the violence began, and the government and the United Nations have estimated that between 50,000 and 90,000 have been displaced. The wide range results from the extremely limited access for independent monitors and humanitarian aid workers.
"The human rights and humanitarian needs of those affected by the violence depend on the presence of monitors and aid workers," said Zawacki. "The Myanmar authorities are compounding the error by exacerbating the suffering of those displaced by the violence and violations."
Amnesty International calls on Myanmar's Parliament to amend or repeal the 1982 Citizenship Law that rendered the Rohingya stateless.
"For too long, Myanmar's human rights record has been marred by the continued denial of citizenship for Rohingyas and a host of discriminatory practices against them," concluded Zawacki.
Amnesty International is a Nobel Peace Prize-winning grassroots activist organization with more than 3 million supporters, activists and volunteers in more than 150 countries campaigning for human rights worldwide. The organization investigates and exposes abuses, educates and mobilizes the public, and works to protect people wherever justice, freedom, truth and dignity are denied.
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ၊ ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္တြင္ရွိေသာ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိးမ်ားအေပၚ အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈႀကီး ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ျခင္းႏွင့္ စပ္လ်ဥ္း၍ ထိေရာက္စြာ ေျဖရွင္းရန္ အာဆီယံႏုိင္ငံမ်ား အပါအ၀င္ႏုိင္ငံတကာမွ အစုိးရ မဟုတ္ေသာ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားမွေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ တစ္ ရပ္ကုိ လာမည့္ၾသဂုတ္လ (၁၄) ရက္ေန႔တြင္ မေလးရွားႏုိင္ငံ ကြာလာလမ္ပူၿမဳိ႕တြင္က်င္းပရန္စီစဥ္လ်က္ရွိေၾကာင္း သိရွိရပါ သည္။
မေလးရွားအစၥလာမစ္ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္ေရးအဖြဲ႔မွဥကၠ႒ Datuk Zahidi Zainul Abidin က က်င္းပ မည့္ေနရာကုိ မၾကာ ခင္ဆုံးျဖတ္မည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ေဒသ တြင္းမွအစုိးရမဟုတ္ေသာ အဖြဲ႔အစည္း မ်ား အားလုံးတက္ေရာက္လိမ့္မည္ဟု ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ ေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကားလုိက္သည္။
ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ၏အဓိက ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္မွာ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိးမ်ားကုိ ထိေရာက္ေသာ လူမႈေရးအေထာက္ အပံ့မ်ားႏွင့္ ေန႔စဥ္လုိအပ္ ခ်က္မ်ား ကုိျဖည့္ဆည္းေပး ရန္ႏွင့္ႀကီးမားေသာ အုပ္စုတစ္စုဖြဲ႔၍ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာ လူမ်ဳိးမ်ား ၏ အခက္ အခဲျပႆနာ မ်ားကုိ ကူညီေျပာ ၾကားေပး ရန္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ၎ကေျပာၾကားသည္။
ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ား၏အက်ပ္အတည္းသည္ႏွစ္ေပါင္းၾကာရွည္ေနၿပီျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္းအဖြဲ႔အစည္းတစ္ခုအေနျဖင့္ရပ္တည္၍လုိအပ္ ေသာအကူအညီမ်ားေပးႏုိင္ ခဲ့ျခင္းမရွိခဲ့ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ ၎တုိ႔ေနထုိင္ရာေဒသ အတြင္းသုိ႔လူမႈေရးအေထာက္အပံ့မ်ားေပးႏုိင္ျခင္း မရွိခဲ့ေၾကာင္း Mr. Zainul Abidin မွသတင္းစာရွင္းလင္း ပြဲတြင္ေျပာၾကားခဲ့ေၾကာင္းသတင္းရရွိပါသည္။
RB News Desk
Monday 23rd July, 2012
6-8pm
Brady Arts Centre
192-196 Hanbury Street Stepney, London E1 5HU.
Restless Beings is an international human rights organisation and the leading UK charity to be championing Rohingya human rights. With over 80,000 new website hits in the last few weeks alone and a growing social media following we are determined to ensure the Rohingya voice is heard.
Since the clashes erupted at the beginning of June in Burma, the already marginalised Rohingya- said to be the ‘most persecuted community in the world’ by the UN have faced greater levels of violence at the hands of the Burmese state. The humanitarian atrocities need and deserve international press coverage to ensure that it is bought to end.
The Press Conference evening itself will focus on the human story, the lives affected by the violence and systematic killings in recent weeks, but also the deep rooted persecution that they have faced for decades before this summer. There will also be an opportunity for more in depth analysis of the situation with audience participation.
Restless Beings will provide you with reports from on the ground, having gathered an extensive base of sources in both Burma and Bangladesh. You will have access to fresh images and audio reports, free to use for your coverage which will all be contained within a comprehensive media kit.
We will also present our media statement supported by many other organisations and will also deliver our petition to the British government, which so far has received over 10,300 signatures from over 100 countries worldwide.
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