The Lady αာα္αား αာα္αα္αα္းαဲα ေαါα္αိုα္ေααဲ့ αိုα္α်ဳα္αႉးααီး αα္းေαႊ
ေαျαα္ေαာ္ ေαါα္αြα္းαွာαုိα္α်ဳα္αႉးααီး(ေαာα္း)α₯ီးαα္းေαႊαေαာα္ ေααα α₯္αီးαါး ေαါα္αုိα္ေααα္αုိα αိααါαα္။ α်α္းαာေαးαေαာα္းαူး၊ αြα္αြα္αΏαီαုိαဲ့ ေαာαာαα ααα္းေαြα α₯ီးαα္းေαႊα‘αြα္ေαာ့ ααΎαာေα်ေαးαုိα္ααုိαါαဲ။
ျαα္ေαြαေαααူ αα်ိဳαα‘ေျαာα‘α α‘αုိးααီး (α₯ီးαα္းေαႊ) α်α္းαာေαးα ေαါα္ေαါα္ျαα္αါαဲ၊ α₯ီးေα‘း (αု αုိα္α်ဳα္ααီး [ေαာα္း] ေαာα္ေα‘း) αဲα ေαααုိα္း ေαါα္αုိα္ေααာαဲαုိα ေျαာαΎααα္။
αါေααα့္ αα္αွိ αုαααΌα αီααူα α₯ီးαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α₯ီး αေαာα္αေαာ့ α်α္းαာေαး α‘ေαΎαာα္းျαα်α္αဲα α‘αု ေαα α αα္ေααα αာαူးαေα ႏႈα္αြα္αြα့္ ေαာα္းαα္αုိαဲ့ ααα္းေαြ αြα္ေαααာαဲ့αါαα္။ α α္αာαူαွာ αြားေαာα္ေαးα α ္αΎαα့္ေαာ့ αα္αာေαာαါαံα ားေαααΏαီး α်α္α ိαα္းαေαာα္းαူးαုိα αုိαα္။
α₯ီးαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α₯ီး ေαါα္းေαာα္αဲ့ ေαါα္းαာαုိα္းαားေαြαုိ α‘α ုိးαα‘αြဲαα‘αြα္းα αုα္αα္αα ္ေαာ့αα္αုိαဲ့ ααα္းေαြαြα္ေααေαα်ိα္αွာ αုိα္αုိα္α ြာαဲ α‘αုαုိ ႏုα္αြα္αဲ့ααα္း ေαααာαာαါ။
α‘ာαာα ααံαြံαါαီαဲαွာαα္း αΎαားျαα္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαွာ αုိးα ုိးαα္α α္ α‘ေαးαိα့္αဲ့αာαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီး αα₯ီးαဲααα₯ီး α‘ျαα ္αုိααဲα α αားေαြ α်α္ေαာα္αာေααΏαီး ααΎαာαီαာααွာ αိα္αုိα္း α‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲαုα္ေαာ့αα္αα္း αုိေααΎααα္။
αီαုိα‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲ αုα္αα္αုိαα္ေαာ့ ေαါα္းေαာα္αုိα္းα‘αΎαား ααီαြα္αႈေαြ ေαααာαွာααြဲαါαူး။ αီαုိ α‘ျαα ္α‘α်α္ေαြ ျαα ္αာαဲ့αα္ αုိα္α်ဳα္αႉးααီး (ေαာα္း) α₯ီးαα္းေαႊ αေαာα္ αΎαားαေα αုိα္αူααိီး αုα္ေαးႏုိα္ααားαုိαာ ေα ာα့္αΎαα့္ααွာျαα ္αါαα္။
αα္αိုα္
αααααုႏွα
္ α§αΏαီα αα αα္ ေααα
ြဲαΏαα့္ αΏαα္ေαာα္α
ုေαြးေαာα္αြဲ ေαာα္ααွα္αွ `αါαီα
ာေα
ာα္α်ားေαးαားαုα္ေααာαြα္ αα္αဲα₯αေαα်ိဳးေαာα္αာေαာα္ေαာ ေαးαားαႈα်ားααΏαဳေαး ααိေαးαြα္αΎαားαΏαα္း´ αု ေαါα္းα
α₯္αα္၍ ααုိα္αိုα္းαα္း αားα်ား αုိးαα္ေαးαါαီ (RNDP) ႏွα့္ ααူαြဲαΏαားαΏαα္းႏွα့္ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးαါαီ( PDP) αုိα ေαွααα့္ေαာα္αα့္ ေαးαုိα αြα္αΎαား αာေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။α‘αိုαါα‘ေαΎαာα္းαΎαားα်α္αွာ ααိုα္αိုα္းαα္းαားα်ားαိုးαα္ေαးαါαီαွ α.α.αααα αα္ေαααြα္ αုα္ေααဲ့ေαာ ααာေαာ္ α₯ီးα₯αၱαေααα‘αိα္းα‘αွα္ αα္αα္းα ာေα ာα္ႏွα့္ αိုးαα္ေαးααα္းαႊာ α‘αြဲ(α) ၊α‘αွα္(α) ααα္းαႊာ ႏွα ္αုαွာ αΏαα္αΎαား ေαးαα္αΎαီးαာαα αုα္ေααားαα့္ αႊα္αΎαားα်α္ (αα) αါα α္းαα္းα်α္α်ားႏွα့္ αΏαိα ြα္းααΏαα့္ αာαα္αွိαူα်ားαို αႊα္αΎαားα်α္ (αα)ႏွα့္α‘αီ αုိα္αာေαာα္αြα္ေαး αα္αံααိαα္αွα္ ေαးαုိးαဲ့αေαΎαာα္း၊ α‘αားαူ ααူαြဲαΏαားαΏαα္းႏွα့္ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးαါαီαွ αα.α.αααα αα္ေαααြα္ αုα္ေαေαာ `ေαααα»ာႏွα့္ေαႊαံααာαα္ααားα်ား αΏαႆαာ´ႏွα့္ αα.α.αααα αုα္ `αားαα္ေααα္αိα္αα္းα‘αႈα္ေαာ္αံု´ α ာေα ာα္α်ားα‘αြα္ αါαီαα ္αုαုαα္ αα္αဲα₯αေααါ αΏααာα္းα်α္αα ္αα္ αα္αို αုိα္αာααα္αΏαα ္αΏαီး၊ αα္းα₯αေα αα (α)α‘α αΏαα္ေαာα္α ု αααΌααΏαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαာ္ αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေαΏααံα₯αေαႏွα့္ αα္αဲ α₯αေαα်ားαို ေαးα ားαုိα္αာαႈααွိαွ်α္ αα္းαါαီα‘ား αွα္αံုαα္αြα့္αΏαဳαဲ့αΏαα္းαို αα္α်α္ႏိုα္ေαΎαာα္း αΏααာα္းαားαα္αΏαα ္ ၍ ေαာα္α‘αားαူ α₯αေαα်ိဳးေαာα္αႈα်ိဳး ααΏαα ္ေα ေαး αာαα္αွိαူα‘αα့္αα့္αွ α‘ေαးαားαΎαα္αα္ေαာα္αြα္αΎααα္ ααိေαး αႊα္αΎαားαာαΏαα္း αΏαα ္ေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။
α‘αိုαါ αႊα္αΎαားα်α္ႏွα့္ αα္αα္၍ RNDP αွ α‘α်ိဳးαားαႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္ α₯ီးα‘ုα္းαα္αွ αွ ` ႏိုα္αံေαးαါαီ αα ္αုα‘ေααဲα αါαီαူαါα၊ αေαာαားαα္αα္α်α္၊ αဲαြα္α α္းαံုးေαးαိုαာေαြα ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαာα α α္းαံုးေαး αာαα်ိဳးေαြေαာα္αဲ αα့္ေαာ္αα္။ α‘ဲαီα‘αိုα္းαိုαα္ေαာ့ αူေαာα္α‘αα္းα်α₯္းαြα္းαα္။ α‘ဲαီα‘αြα္ α₯ီးေαα်ိဳးေααိုα ααα္း ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαြဲαုα္αα္αိုαΏαီး αိα္αားαα္။ αြားαα္αွာαါ´ αုိαေαΏαာαါαα္။ PDP αါαီα ေαာ့ `ေαြးေαာα္αြဲေαာ္ααွα္α‘ေααဲα αα½ြα္ေαာ္αါαီαူαါαေαြ αα္αΏαα α₯္ααα္းα α‘αွα္ααΏαα့္ αα½ြα္ေαာ္αိုα αုα္ေαာα္αΎααα္αွာ αα½ြႏု္α္αုိα၏ αါαီαα္α်ားαα္ ααားαα္ေαြးေαာα္αα္ေαΏαွာα္αံαေαာ αΏαα္αူααိုα္α ားαွα္α်ား ααုα္αΎαေα αာαူ αΏαα္αူαုိα၏ α‘αα္α‘αဲα‘ေαΏαα‘ေαα်ားαို αွာေαြαΏαα္း၊ αΏαႆαာα်ားαို ေαΏααွα္းαိုα္αα့္ αα္းαα္းα်ား αွာေαြαΏαα္းႏွα့္ αိαိαိုαα ုေαာα္းααွိေαာ α‘α်α္α‘αα္α်ားαို αα္αွိαူαါαေαးαြဲαူα်ား၊ α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္αα့္ αႏၱαား α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းα်ားαုိα ေαးαိုααူαီαΏαα္း αုα္αα္းαα္ α‘αိααုα္ေαာα္αα့္ α‘αွα္ααΏαα့္ αုα္αα္းα α₯္αΎαီး αΏαα ္ေααα္။´ αိုαΏαီး αα္αΏααားαာαါ။ α ာαိုေαေαα်ာα်ာααα္αΎααူး။ αα½ြα္ေαာ္ααα္း αႊα္αΎαားα်α္ (αα)αို ααα္αါαူး။ αα½ြα္ေαာ္ αါαီαူαါαα‘αိုα္း αူαိုααα္αံαားαဲ့α‘αိုα္း αုα္ေαာα္ေααာαါ။ αါေααα့္ αွားαα္ αွα္αα္αိုαဲ့α‘ေαααွာ α‘α်ားαံုးαΏαα္ α်α္αို ααူαွာαါ။ α‘αု αီαိα α₯αဲα αα္αα္αΏαီး αေαာαားαွα္α်α္ ေαးႏိုα္αΎααိုα αါαီα‘ားαံုးαို α ာαိုααားαါ αα္။ αα.α .αααα αα္ေαααွာ ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαြဲαုα္αΏαီး α‘ဲαီαေαာαားαွα္α်α္ေαြαို ααူαါαα္။ RNDP αိုαα္း αိα္αΎαားαားαါαα္။´αုိαေαΏαာαါαα္။
αΏαα္αΎαားေαး αα္αΎαီးαာααွ αုα္ေααားေαာ αႊα္αΎαားα်α္ (αα) αα္ αံုႏွိα္αူα်ားα‘ားαံုး၊ αုα္ေααူα‘ားαံုး၊ ႏိုα္αံေαး αါαီα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းα‘ားαံုး α‘αြα္ αုα္ေααားαΏαα္းαΏαα ္αΏαီး ႏိုα္αံေαးαါαီα်ားαα္ αုα္ေααုိαα့္ αါαီ၏αူαါα၊ αေαာαားαα္αα္ α်α္၊ αဲαြα္α α္းαံုးေαးαုိα္αာ α‘ေαΎαာα္းα‘α်α္α‘αα္α်ားαိုαာ αုα္ေαααα္αΏαα ္αΏαီး α‘αΏαားေαာ ႏိုα္αံေαးαါαီα ာေα ာα္α‘α်ိဳααα္း αα္αံααိαα္αွα္ ေαးαိုးαားαေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။
Photo from AP
The plan of Myanmar President Thein Sein to continue his political carrier after the end of his term is not yet definite. The general election will be held by 2015. His top political adviser Ko Ko Hlaing said that he may be successful in this present governance but he will give the opportunity for other excellent leaders to lead the country.
This soon to be election will be a deciding factor for the group of military generals who had been ruling the country for almost 5o years if they are willing to give up their power with dignity, principle and honour, Bloomberg news reported.
Shwe Mann who now holds the lower house parliament speakership is most likely the chosen qualified candidate among all the military members of the junta to replace President Thein Sein in the 2015 election, that’s according to Hans Vriens, managing partner of Vriens & Partners, a Singapore-based firm.
The President is not seeking for another period in the political arena for he is also concerned about his deteriorating health. But things are still possible for him to reconsider this coming election in due time. As a man, he was described as a very private person spending and enjoying his leisure time by reading. He is a man of principle and dedicated to achieve his vision of implementing reforms to make Myanmar a better place to live in, the report said.
Suu Kyi’s father is known as the Father of Independence. She is very hopeful and confident that President Thein Sein is true to his words in the next phase of democratizing for the country. As many were caught by surprise with the reforms on the run, David Steinberg, a well renowned professor of Asian Studies at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. said that no one ever expected that the reforms initiated by the president would drastically change the image of Burma positively.
In being a member of the parliament, democratic icon Suu Kyi and President Thein Sein can now have better chances of dealing freely and legally important matters regarding the country and expressing their points of view for the betterment of the nation. What is highly regarded now will be the real essence of democracy which is governed by the statement “the government of the people, by the people and for the people”, Ko Ko Hlaing said.
αုαိα αααΌα α₯ီးαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α₯ီး α်α္းαာေαးေαΎαာα့္ αာαူးαွ ႏႈα္αြα္αြားαΏαီαာုု Reuters ααα္းαာα၏ ααα္းα‘α αိαိွααα္။
α αၤာαူ ႏုိα္αံαွ ေαးαုααံαူαΏαီးα‘αΏαα္ α်α္းαာေαးα‘ေααာα္းαΏαα်α္αΏαα္α αာαူးαွ α‘αားαူαုိ ေααာα္း ေαα ( α ) αα္ေααααဲα..αα္αုိα္αာαုိααα္αားေααာα္းαα္း αိααါαα္။
Myanmar's Vice President Tin Aung Myint Oo sprinkles fragrant water at a plaque during the opening ceremony of a children's hospital in Yangon March 13, 2011.
Credit: Reuters/Soe Zeya Tun
YANGON (Reuters) - A former top general close to Myanmar's retired dictator Than Shwe has resigned as vice-president, Burmese media reported, ending the hardliner's role in the reformist government.
Tin Aung Myint Oo, 61, submitted his resignation on May 3 for health reasons after returning from Singapore for medical treatment, the Myanmar language service of Voice of America reported on Sunday.
The report could not be immediately confirmed.
Tin Aung Myint Oo, a former four-star general, was one of two vice-presidents and considered a leader among hardliners in the year-old military-backed government that replaced the often-brutal junta who ruled for half a century.
Tin Aung Myint Oo graduated from the Defense Services Academy in 1970, becoming northeastern military commander near the Chinese border late 1990s.
He was promoted to Secretary-1 of the former junta in 1997, a year when the army rounded up hundreds of pro-democracy activists in Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy to prevent them from attending a party congress.
Suu Kyi and 42 other members of her party took their seats in parliament last week following a historic by-election in a year of dramatic reforms in the former British colony also known as Burma.
In 2009, Tin Aung Myint Oo was appointed military advisor to then-Senior General Than Shwe. He was elected to the lower house a year later as a candidate for the army-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party, and was quickly nominated as vice president by military delegates.
(Reporting by Aung Hla Tun; Writing by Jason Szep; Editing by Jeremy Laurence)
α αၤာαူ ႏုိα္αံαွ ေαးαုααံαူαΏαီးα‘αΏαα္ α်α္းαာေαးα‘ေααာα္းαΏαα်α္αΏαα္α αာαူးαွ α‘αားαူαုိ ေααာα္း ေαα ( α ) αα္ေααααဲα..αα္αုိα္αာαုိααα္αားေααာα္းαα္း αိααါαα္။
Myanmar's Vice President Tin Aung Myint Oo sprinkles fragrant water at a plaque during the opening ceremony of a children's hospital in Yangon March 13, 2011.
Credit: Reuters/Soe Zeya Tun
YANGON (Reuters) - A former top general close to Myanmar's retired dictator Than Shwe has resigned as vice-president, Burmese media reported, ending the hardliner's role in the reformist government.
Tin Aung Myint Oo, 61, submitted his resignation on May 3 for health reasons after returning from Singapore for medical treatment, the Myanmar language service of Voice of America reported on Sunday.
The report could not be immediately confirmed.
Tin Aung Myint Oo, a former four-star general, was one of two vice-presidents and considered a leader among hardliners in the year-old military-backed government that replaced the often-brutal junta who ruled for half a century.
Tin Aung Myint Oo graduated from the Defense Services Academy in 1970, becoming northeastern military commander near the Chinese border late 1990s.
He was promoted to Secretary-1 of the former junta in 1997, a year when the army rounded up hundreds of pro-democracy activists in Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy to prevent them from attending a party congress.
Suu Kyi and 42 other members of her party took their seats in parliament last week following a historic by-election in a year of dramatic reforms in the former British colony also known as Burma.
In 2009, Tin Aung Myint Oo was appointed military advisor to then-Senior General Than Shwe. He was elected to the lower house a year later as a candidate for the army-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party, and was quickly nominated as vice president by military delegates.
(Reporting by Aung Hla Tun; Writing by Jason Szep; Editing by Jeremy Laurence)
Dhaka, May 5 (bdnews24.com) – US secretary of state Hillary Clinton has urged all political actors to settle difference through dialogue.
"I am really urging all political parties, not just the government, to do everything necessary to support democracy and find a plan to have free and fair election," she said at a joint press briefing at the Prime Minister's Office on Saturday.
Clinton arrived in Dhaka in the afternoon and had formal talks with foreign minister Dipu Moni at the PMO before the press conference.
"We discussed the recent killing of Aminul Islam (RMG activist) ... we discussed Ali (Illias Ali) and asked for proper investigations," she said.
Criticising general strikes, she said it sent a wrong signal to the international community on the climate for investment in the country.
"Five lives were lost (during the strikes) and it affects the poorer section of the people," she added.
She, however, said the US would continue to support democracy in Bangladesh and the freedom that every Bangladeshi was entitled to.
Security partnership
Dhaka and Washington would continue their cooperation against extremism to ensure that they cannot use 'Bangladesh as transit or use it as a training ground.'
Hillary commended zero-tolerance stance of Bangladesh on terrorism and said Bangladesh and the US had very fruitful talks in the security dialogue held in April.
Maritime boundary
The secretary of state said there was a scope for cooperation in protecting investments in the Bay of Bengal.
Bangladesh and Myanmar resolved their maritime boundary dispute at the ITLOS and got verdict in March this year.
Bangladesh now has clear demarcation and it can now explore the area.
US company ConocoPhilips is now exploring gas and oil in blocks 10 and 11 at the Bay and has sought another six blocks for exploration.
Grameen Bank
Clinton suggested appointing a respected managing director at the Grameen Bank in a transparent manner.
The bank had unleashed the opportunity for millions of women and "I want it to continue its good work also in future," she said.
Land bridge
"Bangladesh can connect dynamic Asia Pacific region with potential South Asia due to its geographical location," Clinton said.
"It is considered to be a potential transit country as Bangladesh has borders with both Myanmar and India."
Rohingya problem
The secretary of state said perhaps it was time to find a solution to Rohingya problem, as Myanmar had undertaken reforms programmes.
"The reform programmes will help not only Myanmar but also the people of Bangladesh," she said.
Thousands of Rohingyas have taken refuge in Bangladesh on being pushed by their own country.
Cooperation
Washington wants to further widen ties with Bangladesh and cooperate in a number of areas.
Food security, anti-terrorism, cooperation between militaries and climate change are some of the major where the two countries have cooperation, according to Clinton.
She announced that USAID would provide $30 million for the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund over the next four years.
Democratic Bangladesh
Washington wants to see Bangladesh as a prosperous and democratic country.
There must be a consensus among the political actors in order to achieve the level of development the people of Bangladesh deserved, Clinton said.
"We do not seek anything other than that."
Clinton said the US continued to urge taking hard decision necessary to establish rule of law and transparency.
She, however, said that though it was not easy, Bangladesh never gave up its efforts to achieve it.
About the relationship with New Delhi, she said Bangladesh and India were two important countries from the US.
"We see that two are the leaders regionally and globally."
Convergence and dissonance
Foreign Minister Dipu Moni in her speech said Bangladesh and the US partnership had space for both dissonance and mutual respect.
Moni said Bangladesh had demanded duty-free and quota-free market and extending of Generalised System of Preference (GSP) facilities.
"In addition, we raised the issue of Bangladesh's enrolment in the Millennium Challenge Account and repatriation of one of the self-confessed convicted killers of Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, currently residing in the US," she said.
2014 Census in Burma must be universal and inclusive of Rohingya
Recently the United Nations Population Fund UNFPA) has agreed to support Burma’s proposed 2014 population and housing census. But ‘Rights groups worry that if not conducted properly, the census could marginalize minorities such as the Rohingya or those living in one of Burma's many conflict areas.’
No true census has ever been taken in Burma, and great injustice has been done to the ethnic Rohingyas. The government of U Thein Sein is beyond exception. His current wind of change has not touched the Rohingyas yet. Rather racist and xenophobic plans have been patronized and projected against them.
In an effort to deny Rohingya’s existence in Burma, (i) Immigration Ministers U Khin Yi accused the Rohingyas of being illegal Bangladeshi immigrants; (ii) Chief Political Advisor to the President U Ko Ko Hlaing confirmed that the restriction on their (Rohingyas’) freedom of movement is necessary from so-called national security perspective; and (iii) the Director General of Burma’s Department of Population Myint Kyaing lied in a proud manner, “we have no stateless people in Myanmar and there is no Rohingya in Myanmar as well, because no Bengali people are residing in Myanmar."
Whereas Burma is surrounded by other populous neighbours such as, India, China and Thailand, why U Myint Kyaing proclaimed Burma is facing population pressures only from Bangladesh. On the contrary, due to persecution, an estimated 1.5 million Rohingyas are taking refuge in Bangladesh and other countries. Obviously these self-contradictory and politically motivated statements are nothing but preoccupation of Muslim-phobia and policies of exclusion and persecution against the Rohingyas. Under the circumstance, a credible census is very unlikely and Rohingya are likely to be excluded.
Meanwhile, to ensure the census is universal and “inclusive of all national races”, the oppressive 1982 citizenship law should be amended in conformity with international conventions, international custom and principle generally recognized with regard to nationality. In addition, it should be brought in line with the principles embodied in the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness of 30 August 1961. Suitable arrangements should also be made for the inclusion of all Rohingya and other Burmese diasporas.
We, therefore, urge upon the UN, OIC, UK, USA, EU, ASEAN and Burma’s neighbours to put pressure on Burmese government to genuinely include Rohingya as a ‘national race’ in the Burma’s proposed census.
Signatories to this joint statement:
Arakan Rohingya National organisation (ARNO),
Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK),
Burmese Rohingya Association Japan (BRAJ)
Burmese Rohingya Community in Australia (BRCA)
Burmese Rohingya Community in Norway (BRCN)
Burmese Rohingya Association in Thailand (BRAT)
Burmese Rohingya for Democracy in Burma (RLDB)
For more information, please contact:
Aman Ullah +880-15584 86910
Tun Khin + 44- 788 871 4866
αာαြα္ေαးα₯ီးα
ီးα်ဳα္ αုαိααိုα္α်ဳα္αွဴးαΎαီး αα္းေα‘ာα္αိႈα္α ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘αြα္း α‘αααΌေα
αိုα္းαႈေαြ αေα်ာα္ေα‘ာα္ ေαာα္αြα္αိုα αα္αေαာ္αို αႊα္αΎαားαα္αိုα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαို ေααၱေαာα္ေααဲ့ ILO α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးα‘αြဲα α₯αၠα Mr. Greg Vines αို ααိေαး ေျαာαိုαိုα္ေαΎαာα္း ααα္းααွိαါαα္။
Photo courtesy of ILO
ILO α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးα‘αြဲα α₯αၠα Mr. Greg Vines (αာ) ျαα ္αါαα္။
αါ့α‘ျαα္ αာαα့္ αααα αုႏွα ္αွာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα α‘αααΌαိုα္းေα αႈေαြ αံုးα αေα်ာα္ေα‘ာα္ ေαာα္αြα္αိုα ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααဲα ILO αΎαားαွာ αေαာαူαဲ့αα္αိုααα္း αိααါαα္။
αါေαΎαာα့္ α‘ဲαီαေαာαူαီα်α္α‘αိုα္း α‘ျαα့္α‘α ျαα ္ααာαဲ αααα α‘αြα္αွာ α‘αααΌαိုα္းေα αႈေαြ αα္αα္αွိေααα္αိုαα္ ILO α‘ေααဲα αα္αိုေαာα္αြα္ααဲαိုα α₯ီးαα္ေαα ေαးαဲ့α‘αါ ILO αဲα αုα္αံုးαုα္αα္း α₯αေαေαာα္α‘αိုα္း α‘ေαးαူαα္αိုα ျαα္αα္ေျαာαိုေαΎαာα္း α₯ီးαα္ေαα ေျαာαါαα္။
α‘αုα္ααား၊ αα္ααားα‘ေαး ေαာα္αြα္αူ αα ုα ုေႏြးαေαာ့ ILO α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးα‘αြဲα α₯αၠααဲα αီးျαားေαြααံုαွာျαα ္αΏαီး α‘ဲαီαိုေαြααံုαဲ့α‘αါ α‘αααΌαိုα္းေα αႈေαြ αေα်ာα္ေαးα‘αြα္ ααာေαးα‘α ီα‘α α₯္ေαြαို ျαα္αာ့αုα္ျαα္αံαΎαားαဲα ႏိုα္αံαိုα္ αီαီαာေαြαေα α‘ျαဲαုα္αႊα့္ေαးေα‘ာα္ ILO α ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααို αိုα္αြα္းαိုα αα္ျααα္αိုα Mr. Vines αဲα αေαြααα္ αိαα ္αိုα္းαွာ RFA αို ေျαာαါαα္။
ILO α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးα‘αြဲα α₯αၠα Mr. Greg Vines αာ αေααααဲα αီေαα ႏွα ္αα္α‘αြα္း α‘αုα္ααားα‘ေαး ေαာα္αြα္ေααဲ့ α‘αြဲαေαြ၊ αူαုαၢိဳα္ေαြαို αα္αုα္ျαိဳα ααိα္αါးေαာ္αα္αွာ ေαြααံုαဲ့αါαα္။
RFA-Burmese
Photo courtesy of ILO
ILO α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးα‘αြဲα α₯αၠα Mr. Greg Vines (αာ) ျαα ္αါαα္။
αါ့α‘ျαα္ αာαα့္ αααα αုႏွα ္αွာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα α‘αααΌαိုα္းေα αႈေαြ αံုးα αေα်ာα္ေα‘ာα္ ေαာα္αြα္αိုα ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααဲα ILO αΎαားαွာ αေαာαူαဲ့αα္αိုααα္း αိααါαα္။
αါေαΎαာα့္ α‘ဲαီαေαာαူαီα်α္α‘αိုα္း α‘ျαα့္α‘α ျαα ္ααာαဲ αααα α‘αြα္αွာ α‘αααΌαိုα္းေα αႈေαြ αα္αα္αွိေααα္αိုαα္ ILO α‘ေααဲα αα္αိုေαာα္αြα္ααဲαိုα α₯ီးαα္ေαα ေαးαဲ့α‘αါ ILO αဲα αုα္αံုးαုα္αα္း α₯αေαေαာα္α‘αိုα္း α‘ေαးαူαα္αိုα ျαα္αα္ေျαာαိုေαΎαာα္း α₯ီးαα္ေαα ေျαာαါαα္။
α‘αုα္ααား၊ αα္ααားα‘ေαး ေαာα္αြα္αူ αα ုα ုေႏြးαေαာ့ ILO α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးα‘αြဲα α₯αၠααဲα αီးျαားေαြααံုαွာျαα ္αΏαီး α‘ဲαီαိုေαြααံုαဲ့α‘αါ α‘αααΌαိုα္းေα αႈေαြ αေα်ာα္ေαးα‘αြα္ ααာေαးα‘α ီα‘α α₯္ေαြαို ျαα္αာ့αုα္ျαα္αံαΎαားαဲα ႏိုα္αံαိုα္ αီαီαာေαြαေα α‘ျαဲαုα္αႊα့္ေαးေα‘ာα္ ILO α ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααို αိုα္αြα္းαိုα αα္ျααα္αိုα Mr. Vines αဲα αေαြααα္ αိαα ္αိုα္းαွာ RFA αို ေျαာαါαα္။
ILO α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးα‘αြဲα α₯αၠα Mr. Greg Vines αာ αေααααဲα αီေαα ႏွα ္αα္α‘αြα္း α‘αုα္ααားα‘ေαး ေαာα္αြα္ေααဲ့ α‘αြဲαေαြ၊ αူαုαၢိဳα္ေαြαို αα္αုα္ျαိဳα ααိα္αါးေαာ္αα္αွာ ေαြααံုαဲ့αါαα္။
RFA-Burmese
ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα
ုαΎαα္αႊα္ေαာ္αဲေαာα္αြားαα္αာေαြα‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲျαα
္αာႏဳိα္ααဲ။ ျαိα္းα်α္းေαး αုα္αα္းေαြαα္ ေαာα္α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္ႏုိα္ααဲαိုαာαဲααα္αα္ျαီး ေျαာααα္αိုαα္ ေααေα‘ာα္ αα္းα
ုαΎαα္ ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαာαေαြαွာα₯ီးαα္ျαီးေျαာαြားαဲ့α‘α်α္(α)α်α္αိုαဲဲ ျαα္ေαာα္ျαီးေαာα္ျ αααါαိα့္αα္။ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α₯ီးေαာα္αဲ့ NLD αဲα ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαာααဲ့ ααိααα္αေαာ့ ααားα₯αေαα ိုးαိုးေαး၊ ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαဲα αααα αြဲαα α္းα‘ုα္α်ဴα္αံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေαျαα္αα္ေαးαိုααို αုα္ေαာα္αြားαα္αိုααိုαားαါαα္။
αါαာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αဲ့αႏα΅ျαα ္ααို ျαα္αူေαြαဲααႏα΅αα္းျαα ္αါαα္။ αါေααဲ့ αႊα္ေαာ္αဲေαာα္αြားαα္ေαာ့ αႏα΅αα္၊ αုα္ႏုိα္α ြα္းαိုαα‘ျαα္ αုα္ႏုိα္αဲ့α‘αြα့္α‘αα္း αα္ေαာα္ αွိααဲαိုαာေαာ့ ေα ာα့္αΎαα့္ααွာျαα ္αါαα္။ αα္αိုαဲ ျαα ္ျαα ္ ေααα ုαဲα NLD α αါေαြαို α₯ီးαα္αΏαီး αုα္αိုα္ေαာα္αြα္αြားαိα့္αα္αိုαာαို αံုαΎαα္αါαα္။
αိုαေαာ္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αဲα NLD αဲα αႏα΅αဲα αုα္ႏုိα္α ြα္းေαြαို αံုးααံုαΎαα္αာα αα ္αိုα္း αံααျαα ္αာαα ္αုα αႊα္ေαာ္αဲαွာ αုα္ႏုိα္αဲ့α‘αြα့္α‘αα္း αα္ေαာα္αွိααဲ αိုαာαါαဲ။ αႏα΅αဲα αုα္ႏုိα္α ြα္းαွိေααဲ့ αုα္ေαာα္αြα့္ααα့္α‘αα္းα‘α်α္း α‘αြα့္α‘αα္း ααွိαူးαိုαα္ α‘αα္α‘αဲαွိαါαိα့္αα္။
ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးαွာαိုαα္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αို ႏိုαα္α္ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαုαွα္αα ္ေαာα္α‘ေααဲα αါαα္αုα္ေαာα္ αα္αိုαα္ ႏုိα္αံααာααα္း αံုαΎαα္αα္αံαΎααα္။ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαွိ αိုα္းαα္းαားα‘α္α‘ားα ုေαြα‘αါα‘αα္ αီαုိαေαα ီေαးα‘α္α‘ားα ုေαြ ααα္း α‘α်ားαΎαီးαြα့္αြα့္αα္း αံုαံုαΎαα္αΎαα္αဲα ေαြးေႏြးႏုိα္αါαိα့္αα္။ αα္αα္αိုα္αားαα္ျαα ္ေα ααိုα္αားαဲ့ α‘α္α‘ားα ုေαြ ျαα ္ေα ေαါα။
αα္αိုα္αဲ့ α‘α္α‘ားα ုα‘ားαံုးαါαα္ႏိုα္αΏαီး αα ံုααာ α‘ေျαααွိႏိုα္αဲ့ αြα္αα္αြα့္αα္းαဲ့ αα္းαူαα္αူαွိαဲ့ ႏိုα္αံေαးα‘α ေαြးေႏြးα‘ေျααွာαႈ α‘αα္းα‘α်α္းα်ိဳးေαြ αွိαိုα αိုα‘α္αါαα္။ αါေαΎαာα့္ ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαုα္αα္းα α₯္αို ေααα ုα αα္ေαာα္αါαα္ေαာα္αြα္αြα့္α ααဲαိုαာ αα္αွိα‘ာαာαα‘α ိုးαα‘ေαααွာαဲ αα္ေααါαα္။ αါα αုα္ေαာα္αြα့္α αα αိုαဲ့ α‘αိုα္းေαါ့။
αΎαားျαα္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαိα α₯ ျαα္ေျαာααα္ αα္αွိα‘α ိုးαα ေααေα‘ာα္α ုαΎαα္α₯ီးေαာα္αဲ့ NLD αို α‘ႏုိα္ααΏαီး αြα္ေαာ္αြα္း ေαာα္αာေα α်α္αα္αိုα αူααါαα္။ αါ့α‘ျαα္ αႊα္αα္ျαီးααားα်ွααဲ့ ေαြးေαာα္αြဲα‘αြα္αို ျαဳαုα္αားαါေαးαα္။ αါαာ αာေαΎαာα့္αဲαို α α ္α‘ုα္α ုαဲα (road map) ႏုိα္αံေαးαα္းျαေျααံုα‘α ေαααြα္αာαဲ့ αααα αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေααို αုိαΏαီး α‘αα္αα္αာေα‘ာα္ ααားαα္αႈαိုαΏαီးαွိαာေα‘ာα္ ေααα ုαဲα NLD α αီαα္းေαΎαာα္းေα‘ာα္αေα αါαα္ေαာα္αြα္αာ ေα α်α္ေααာαါ။αာααိုαααααြဲαα α္းα‘ုα္α်ဴα္αံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေαေα‘ာα္αေααဲ ျαα ္ေαေα‘ာα္αါ။ α‘ဲαီαိုေαာ္ေαာα္αိုααိုαာ ေααα ုαဲα NLD αါαွ ျαα့္α ံုႏုိα္αွာ ျαα ္ေααာေαΎαာα့္αါαဲ။
αီေαာ့ αြα္ေαာ္αွာ ေααα ုα αααααြဲαα α္းαံုျαα္αα္ေαးαို ေαြးေႏြးႏုိα္αα္ေαာα္ αα္ααြα္αဲေαြαဲα αα္α်αိုα္αဲ့ α‘ေျαα‘ေααα ္αα္αို α‘αိုα္α‘αာα ိုα္αူαားαာ ေαြαααါαα္။ αααααြဲαα α္းαံုαို α‘αိုα္α‘αာαာαြα္ႏုိα္ေα‘ာα္ α α ္αα္ေααာ αα αာαိုα္ႏႈα္းαα္၊ αΎαံ့αိုα္αြံ့ျαဳိးေαးαါαီα α‘α်ားα ုေααာαူαားαာαα္ေαΎαာα့္ α‘αုαိုေျαာααာαါ။
αါေααဲ့ αα ္αα္αဲ α‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲαို αုα္α်α္αဲ့αႏα΅αွိαဲ့ α‘α ိုးα၊ αူαုαဲ့α‘α်ိဳးαို αΎαα့္αဲ့α‘α ိုးααိုαα္ေαာ့ျαα့္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αဲα NLD αဲ့ α‘αိုျαဳαႈေαြαို α‘ေαα‘α်ာα α₯္းα ားျαီး αူαုαႏα΅αဲα αα ္αα္αα္းα်αဲ့αေαာαားေαြျαα ္αာαα္။ αါαိုαα္ αီαိုαေαα ီαα္းေαΎαာα္းαို αα့္αα့္ေαွ်ာα္αွα္းေααα္αိုα αံုαΎαα္αα္αံႏုိα္ျαီေαါ့။
αီαိုαို αိုα္းαα္းαားေαြαဲ့ αα္းαူေαးαဲα αိုα္αိုα္ျααာα္းαြα့္ေαြαို α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္ေαာα္αြα္αာႏုိα္ေျααွိαဲ့ αα αာα ုαα္αံုαီαာαံα်ဳိးαို ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αဲα NLD αဲααႏα΅၊ αူαုαဲ့αႏα΅ေαြ αျαα္းျαα္း α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္ ေαာα္αြα္αာႏုိα္ေျααွိ αဲ့ α‘αα္းα‘α်α္း α‘αြα့္α‘αα္း ျαα ္αာႏုိα္αα္αိုααဲျαα္αါαα္။
α်ဳα္αΏαီးေျαာααα္ αေαααာα αိုα္းျαα္αဲ့ျαႆαာαာ αိုα္းαα္းαားαα္းαူαီα်ွေαးαဲα αီαိုαေαα ီေαး αိα္αုα₯္းေααဲ့ျαႆαာαါ။ αါေαြαို ေαာ္ေαာα္ႏုိα္αိုαα α‘αိαေαြးေαΎαာျαα ္αဲ့ αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေααွာ α‘ာααံ ေαးαားαွ ααα္။ αံုαΎαα္ႏိုα္αဲ့α‘αα္းα‘α်α္းျαα္αα္αႈေαြαွိေαααα္။ α‘ားαံုးαါαα္ႏုိα္αဲ့ αႊα္ေαာ္ျαα္αႏုိα္αံေαးေαြးေႏြးαြဲေαြ ေαာ္ေαာα္αα္αိုαα္ αိုα္းαα္းαားေαြαဲα αႏα΅ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αဲ့αႏα΅ ျαα္αူαူαုαဲ့αႏα΅αဲαα α ္αα္αဲ့α‘αွα္αα ္αα္ေα ααာαိုαာေαြαို ျαα္ႏိုα္αွာျαα ္αို ေααွα္αα္αံ့αဲ့ ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαα ္αα္αို αျαα္းျαα္းေαာ္ေαာα္αြားႏုိα္αဲ့ αα္ျαိα္ျαီး αာαာαေျαာαဲ့ αိုα္းျαα္ျαα ္αာαွာ α§αα္ααြဲαါαဲ။
While the West lauds Myanmar for its steps towards democracy and starts to roll back sanctions, hundreds of political prisoners languishing in prison are still waiting to hear their fate.
Thaung Sein (R), seen here holding a picture of his son Aye Aung, a political prisoner detained at Kalay prison in northwest Sagaing Division, at their family home in Yangon, on May 4 While the West lauds Myanmar for its steps towards democracy and starts to roll back sanctions, hundreds of political prisoners languishing in prison are still waiting to hear their fate.
Their families hope they will not become the forgotten victims of decades of authoritarian rule in the rush to reward the new quasi-civilian government for its sweeping political reforms.
Freedom has not yet come for Aye Aung, who was arrested in 1998 and sentenced to 59 years in jail on charges including violating the emergency act as well as illegally printing and distributing leaflets.
His sentence has since been reduced to 29 years, but he was not among those to walk free in a major prisoner amnesty in January, to the dismay of his elderly parents.
"We truly expected his release," his father Thaung Sein told AFP at his Rangoon home, where a photo of a laughing Aye Aung playing a guitar hangs alongside another of him receiving an essay prize from opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
"It was really painful. His mother almost collapsed when she heard, and she wept. As you know, so many people were released in the January amnesty. They didn't give any reason for not including him. My son also said he had no idea why he was not released yet, the 60-year-old said.
"I felt so sad," added his mother San Myint, her eyes filling with tears.
Amnesty International considers Aye Aung, now 36, to be a "prisoner of conscience" who was detained because of peaceful activities such as distributing leaflets and organising student demonstrations.
His parents last visited him in March at Kalay prison in northwest Sagaing Division.
"He has hemorrhoids and a gastric problem. We had to buy medicines for him. Because it is a malaria area, he sometimes feels sick," his father said.
According to Burma Campaign UK, after his arrest Aye Aung was detained for more than four months for interrogation during which he was "tortured brutally".
Myanmar said it freed more than 300 political prisoners in an amnesty in January, a move which prompted the United States to pledge it would restore full diplomatic ties.
About 200 others were let out in October 2011, and estimates of the number still behind bars vary.
The Thailand-based Assistance Association for Political Prisoners says that more than 900 political prisoners remain locked up in Myanmar, while Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy party estimates their number at about 330.
The 88 Generation Students Group, a pro-democracy movement whose key members were at the forefront of a 1988 uprising, believes there are still more than 600 political detainees, said one of their leaders.
"We have asked the home affairs ministry to release the remaining political prisoners," Thet Zaw, who was released from prison in January, told AFP.
He said even those who were accused of contact with armed rebel groups or linked to bombings should be freed because their acts were politically related.
"So we will also ask for their release as soon as possible for national reconciliation," Thet Zaw added.
Myanmar, which languished for decades under a repressive junta, has announced a series of reforms since a controversial 2010 election brought a civilian government to power -- albeit one with close links to the military.
The regime has welcomed Suu Kyi's NLD party to return to mainstream politics, leading to her election to parliament for the first time in April 1 by-elections.
The European Union has responded to what it said were "historic changes" by suspending for one year a wide range of sanctions, although it left intact an arms embargo.
At the same time the West continues to press for the release of remaining political prisoners.
The European Union's top diplomat Catherine Ashton, who visited Myanmar this week, said she had discussed the issue with President Thein Sein.
"When I asked him about political prisoners, he said they will continue to look further at who should be released and how quickly," Ashton said in a statement.
Aye Aung's parents are hopeful that the changes under way in Myanmar will lead to their son's freedom in the near future.
"The government said it is walking a path to democracy. My son also struggled for democracy. So they now have the same stance. And if they are really implementing democracy, they must release him," said his mother.
Did you know?
Their families hope they will not become the forgotten victims of decades of authoritarian rule in the rush to reward the new quasi-civilian government for its sweeping political reforms.
Freedom has not yet come for Aye Aung, who was arrested in 1998 and sentenced to 59 years in jail on charges including violating the emergency act as well as illegally printing and distributing leaflets.
His sentence has since been reduced to 29 years, but he was not among those to walk free in a major prisoner amnesty in January, to the dismay of his elderly parents.
"We truly expected his release," his father Thaung Sein told AFP at his Rangoon home, where a photo of a laughing Aye Aung playing a guitar hangs alongside another of him receiving an essay prize from opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
"It was really painful. His mother almost collapsed when she heard, and she wept. As you know, so many people were released in the January amnesty. They didn't give any reason for not including him. My son also said he had no idea why he was not released yet, the 60-year-old said.
"I felt so sad," added his mother San Myint, her eyes filling with tears.
Amnesty International considers Aye Aung, now 36, to be a "prisoner of conscience" who was detained because of peaceful activities such as distributing leaflets and organising student demonstrations.
His parents last visited him in March at Kalay prison in northwest Sagaing Division.
"He has hemorrhoids and a gastric problem. We had to buy medicines for him. Because it is a malaria area, he sometimes feels sick," his father said.
According to Burma Campaign UK, after his arrest Aye Aung was detained for more than four months for interrogation during which he was "tortured brutally".
Myanmar said it freed more than 300 political prisoners in an amnesty in January, a move which prompted the United States to pledge it would restore full diplomatic ties.
About 200 others were let out in October 2011, and estimates of the number still behind bars vary.
The Thailand-based Assistance Association for Political Prisoners says that more than 900 political prisoners remain locked up in Myanmar, while Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy party estimates their number at about 330.
The 88 Generation Students Group, a pro-democracy movement whose key members were at the forefront of a 1988 uprising, believes there are still more than 600 political detainees, said one of their leaders.
"We have asked the home affairs ministry to release the remaining political prisoners," Thet Zaw, who was released from prison in January, told AFP.
He said even those who were accused of contact with armed rebel groups or linked to bombings should be freed because their acts were politically related.
"So we will also ask for their release as soon as possible for national reconciliation," Thet Zaw added.
Myanmar, which languished for decades under a repressive junta, has announced a series of reforms since a controversial 2010 election brought a civilian government to power -- albeit one with close links to the military.
The regime has welcomed Suu Kyi's NLD party to return to mainstream politics, leading to her election to parliament for the first time in April 1 by-elections.
The European Union has responded to what it said were "historic changes" by suspending for one year a wide range of sanctions, although it left intact an arms embargo.
At the same time the West continues to press for the release of remaining political prisoners.
The European Union's top diplomat Catherine Ashton, who visited Myanmar this week, said she had discussed the issue with President Thein Sein.
"When I asked him about political prisoners, he said they will continue to look further at who should be released and how quickly," Ashton said in a statement.
Aye Aung's parents are hopeful that the changes under way in Myanmar will lead to their son's freedom in the near future.
"The government said it is walking a path to democracy. My son also struggled for democracy. So they now have the same stance. And if they are really implementing democracy, they must release him," said his mother.
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“αααα ေαြးေαာα္αြဲ α်α္းααΏαီးαဲ့α‘αါ ျαα္αာαααΌα α₯ီးαိα္းα ိα္α‘ေααဲα αααΌααာαူးαို ααူေαာ့αဲ ေαးαြα္ေαႏိုα္ေαΎαာα္း“ αααΌα α‘ααံေαးαα₯ီးျαα ္αူ α₯ီးαိုαိုαွိဳα္α ααြα္းαα္ααα္း αို ေαααα္ေαααြα္ ေျαာαΎαားαိုα္αါαα္။αα္αုα္αΏαိဳααြα္ααြα္းαα္ααα္းေαာα္αို ေျαာαΎαားαာαွာ α₯ီးαိုαိုαွိဳα္α “αααΌααာ α‘αု ႏိုα္αံေαး ေျαာα္းαဲαွဳα်ားαို α‘ုα္ျαα ္α်αဲ့αΏαီး α‘αု ျαα ္ေααေααဲ့ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးαုα္αα္းα α₯္αို αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αူ ျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘αု ေျαာα္းαဲαွဳေαြ αΏαီးαြားαဲ့α‘αါααα္αိုα ေα‘ာα္ျαα္αဲ့αα္αိုαα္αူαာαူαေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αွဳေαြαဲαα‘αူ ေααိုα္ေαေαာ့αွာαါ။ αီαိုαေαα ီαို αα္αွα္းαα့္ ေαာα္α‘αα့္αေαာ့ ေαာα္ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြαဲ့αα္αဲαို αႊဲαြားαွာαါ“ αိုα ေျαာαိုαဲ့αါαα္။αα္αွိ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲ့ α‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲေαြαာ ျαα္αα္αΏαီး αိုးαα္αွဳα်ားα ြာ αွိေααα္αိုေαာ္αα္း ααα္αα္း αΏαိα္းα်α္းαဲ့ ႏိုα္αံααု ျαα ္αာαိုαα‘αြα္αေαာ့ αုα္α αာေαြ α‘α်ားααီး αွိေααါေαးαα္။ αါ့ေαΎαာα့္αိုα α₯ီးαိα္းα ိα္ αာαူးα αြα္αဲ့αα္ αူαေααာαို αα္αူ αα္αံααဲαိုαာ α α₯္းα ားα αာ αါ။ α‘αု ျαα္αူααႊα္ေαာ္ α₯αၠα α₯ီးေαႊαα္းαာ α α ္αိုα္α်ဳα္ေαာα္းαဲα ျαα ္ႏိုα္ေျααွိαဲ့ αααΌααိုα ေျαာႏိုα္ေαာ္αα္း α α ္αα္αα္α αေαာαား αα္းαာေααူα်ားαိုα α‘ေျαာαံααဲ့ αီααူα αα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α₯ီး၊ α₯ီးေα်ာ္αα္း၊ α₯ီးေαာ္αα္း၊ α₯ီးေα‘ာα္ေαာα္း၊ α₯ီးျαα့္αွိဳα္αို αုαၢိဳα္α်ားαို αိုα္αြα္ αိα္းေα်ာα္းႏိုα္αα့္ α αα ္ααု၊ α‘ေျαα‘ေαααုαေαာ့αိုေαေαးαာα‘αွα္αဲ ျαα ္αါαα္။ ျαα္αာျαα္αူα်ားα‘ေααဲα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္ αို ႏိုα္αံေαာ္αααΌαα‘ျαα ္ ျαα္ေαြααိုαΎαေαာ္αα္း α α ္αα္ ေα်ာေαာα္ေαာα္αံျαဳ ααံ့αိုα္ေαးαါαီေαါα္းေαာα္ α₯ီးေαးα₯ီး၊ α₯ီးေα‘ာα္ေαာα္းαဲα ααံ့αိုα္ေαးαါαီ αိα္αα္းေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြα αီαိα α₯αို αα္αα့္αံα်α္αွ αα္αα့္αံαါαိα့္αα္။αီေααာαွာ αα့္αြα္းα α₯္းα ားααွာα ျαα္αာα α ္αα္αဲ့ αေαာαားα‘ျαα္αဲ ျαα ္αါαα္။ ျαα္αာα α ္αα္α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္αα္းေα‘ာα္αွိဳα္αဲα αα္αွိαα္ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαာ α‘αα္αα္αို ေျαာα္းαြားαΏαီး αα္αွိ α‘α ိုးααဲα ααံ့αြα္αါαီαဲαွာ αာαူး ααူαားαΎααဲ့ α α ္ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαα္ αာαူးαိα့္αဲ့ေαာ္αα္း α α ္αα္αဲ့ α‘αာေαာα္αွဳ α‘ေျαα‘ေα ျαα့္αα္αာαဲ့α‘αါ (αါαွααုα္) αα္αွိ ααံ့αြα္ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα αα္ေαာα္α်αိုα္αဲ့α‘αါ αိုα္းျαα္α‘ာαာαို αိα္း ααိα္းαိုαာ αေျαာႏိုα္αါαူး။ αာ့ေαΎαာα့္αိုေαာ့ αααα α‘ေျααံα₯αေααဲαွာ α α ္αα္αို α‘ာαာαိα္းαြα့္ေαးαားαိုα ျαα ္αါαα္။αိုα္းျαα္α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαး αႏၱαားαွာ αာαα္αူαဲ့ αူαုαၢိဳα္ αα₯ီးαေαာα္α ီαဲ့ αိုα္းαူျαα္αားα်ားα‘αြα္ α‘αုα္αုα္αိုα္αွဳα်ားαာ αိုα္းျαα္ αိုးαα္ေαး၊ αိုα္းαူျαα္αားα်ား αααံုαΏαံဳေαးα‘αြα္ α‘ေαးααီးαါαα္။ αီေαာ့ α α ္αα္ေαါα္းေαာα္၊ αီαိုαေαα ီေαါα္းေαာα္αိုαာαα္ α‘αွα္ααα္ αိုα္းျαα္ျαα္αားα‘α်ိဳးα‘αြα္ α₯ီးေαာα္α₯ီးαြα္ျαဳαα့္ေαါα္းေαာα္ααာ αိုα္းျαα္αို α₯ီးေαာα္αα့္αါαα္။ ေαာα္αΏαီး αို α₯ီးေαာα္αွဳαဲα αိုα္ေα်ာαီေαြαွိαဲ့ α αα ္၊αႏၱαားαွိαွαα္း αိုα္းျαα္ αိုးαα္αွာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ αါαွααုα္αα္ေαာ့ αα္αို ေျαာα္းαဲαွဳေαြαဲ αုα္αုα္၊ αα္αူαဲ αိုα္းျαα္α‘αြα္ αုα္αုα္၊ αိုးαα္αာႏိုα္αα့္ αα္းα αို ျαα္ႏိုα္αွာ ααုα္αါαူး။
ααုα္ႏုိα္αံαုိ αြားα့ဲ ေααံαဲα ααာααာα္ေαြααုိα္αုိα္းေျααုံ (Map - Shwe Gas Movement)
"...αူαုိααိုα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္αာေျαေαြα‘ေαααွာ ေαာα္αα်ိα္αွာ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αာαα္ α‘αုα္ααားα‘ေααဲα αာαုα္ααα့္α‘ေαα‘αားααုαို ေαာα္ေααα္။ ေαာα္ααုα ααာααα္αα္းα်α္αိုα္αာ αံုးαႈံးαႈαိုαα္αα္း ααုိα္αေα αေαြးαိုα္း၊ αႏၱေαးαိုα္း၊ αွα္းျαα္αα္αိုျαα္αΏαီး ေαာα္ေαွ်ာα္ααီး ေαာေαာα္ေαြαို ျαα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αုα္α်α္αာαုα္..."
αီααα္ ျαα္αာ့αီαုိαေαα ီေαးαာ ေαြးေႏြးαα္းαွာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα ႏိုα္αံαဲα α‘ေαာα္αα္ျαα္း ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြααြα္းα αြα္αွိαဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြα ေαာα္းα်αေαြေαြαို ျαα္αα္αဲαေαα αြံααΏαိဳးαႈα‘αြα္ α‘αိαα‘αံုးျαဳαိုααိုαဲ့ α ီαံαိα္းေαြαို αုα္ေαာα္αားαာαို αေαြααွိαေαးေαΎαာα္း။ αီαုိ α ီαံαိα္းααီးေαြαဲα αα္αα္αα္ αိုαΏαီးαြα့္αα္းျαα္αာαဲ့ αα္ျααႈေαြ αိုα္αα္ႏီွးေႏွာαႈေαြ αုα္αα့္ေαΎαာα္း ႏိုα္αံααာေαြေαΎαးα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းααီးေαြαီαို αα္ျαေျαာαိုαဲ့αα္αိုα Shwe Gas Movement - ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြα αႈα္αွားαႈα‘αြဲααဲα αာαα္αံαα¦းျαα ္αူ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္αို α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္းα ေαြααံုေαးျαα္း ေαြးေႏြးαα္ျααါαα္။
α¦းαα္αြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္α‘ေααဲα α‘αု αုိα္းႏိုα္αံ α်α္းαိုα္αွာα‘ေျαα ိုα္ေααΏαီး α‘αု ေαာေαာαα္ αါαွα္αα္αΏαိဳ αေαာ္αို ေαာα္ေααဲ့α‘ေαΎαာα္းေαးαို αα်α္ေαာα္ αွα္းျααါαား။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α‘αု α်ေαာ္ αါαွα္αα္αီα ီαို αာααဲ့α‘ေαΎαာα္းαα္းαေαာ့ αီαွာαုα္αဲ့ α‘α α္းα‘ေαးေαြαα်ဳိ ααွာ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ႏိုα္αံααာ ေαြေαΎαးαα္αံုေαြα‘αြဲα α‘αါα‘αα္ ααာα»ααα္ေαြα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေαααွာ αူုαိုαα‘ေααဲα αႈα္αွားαႈေαြαဲα ေαွ ααα္αΏαီး αုα္ေαာα္αα့္αာေαြαို αူαုိαေျαာαာαိုαာαိွαα္။ α‘ဲαီα‘ေαααွာ ေαွာα္ααα့္αာေαြαဲα ေαာေαာαα္ျαα ္ေααဲ့αာေαြαို α်ေαာ္αိုα αာေαာα္αα္ျααာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ αေαာαေαာ့ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာျαα ္ေααဲ့ αီαုိαေαα ီေαး ေαွ ααႈαဲ့αုα္αα္းα α₯္ေαြα‘ေαα αူαα္αΏαီးေαာ့ ႏိုα္αံααာေαြေαΎαး α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြααα္း ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘αြα္းαွာ αα္းႏီွးျαဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြαုα္αα္။ ေαာα္αံ့αႈေαြαုα္αာαα့္ α‘ေαα‘αားေαြαွိαα္။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ αုိαα‘αြဲαေαြααα္း αီαိα α₯α‘ေαααွာ - ααာျαα္αွာ α‘αုα္ေαြαုα္αာαΏαီαိုαα္ αာေαြေαာα္ααα္၊ ေαွာα္ααα္αိုαာေαြαို αာαΏαီးα‘ααံျαဳαα္αုိαဲ့ αေαာေαါ့။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ αုα္αဲ့αါ။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ α‘αိαα‘ားျαα့္ေαာ့ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္αိုαα‘αြဲαα Shwe Gas Movement αုိαေαααဲ့ ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြααုα္αα္း၊ ααိုα္ျαα္αα္αα္αွာ α‘ေျαα ိုα္αဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြααုα္αα္းαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီးေαာ့ ျαα္αူαူαုαΎαားαွာ αႈα္αွားαႈေαးေαြαို α‘αိααာေαးေαာα္αြα္ေααဲ့α‘αြဲααိုေαာ့။ α‘ဲαီ ႏိုα္αံααာ αα္းႏီွးျαဳα္ႏံွαႈေαြαဲα ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြα ျαα္αြα္းαွာαုα္ေααဲ့ αုα္αα္းα‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြ αα္αိုαα္α α္ေααα္αိုαာαို αα္းαα္းαွα္းျαေαးαါ။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α်ေαာ္αုိα ႏိုα္αံαွာ α‘αုα္αံုးαိαဲ့α‘αိုα္း αိုα္းျαα္αဲα αံαံαာαα‘α်ားα α‘ိα္αီးα်α္းႏိုα္αံေαြα‘αါα‘αα္ ေαာ္ေαာ္α်ားα်ား αα္αိုαေαာα္းα်ေααာαို ေαြαααα္။
ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြααုိαα္αα္း αααα αα္းα်α္ααα္းα ေαာα္αိုαီးαားαုααΌαီ αဲα α‘ိႏိα΅ααုααΌαီαုိα α αα္αΏαီးαုα္αာαဲ့αာျαα ္αα္။
α‘αိုα္းα‘αာααုα‘ျαα ္ αူαုိααα္ေαာα္ေαးαုα္αα္းေαြαဲα αုα္αုα္αα္αိုαေαး αုα္αα္းေαြ αုα္ေαာα္ေααာαို α်ေαာ္αိုαေαြααα္။ ေαာα္αုα္ေαးαုα္αα္းေαြေαါ့။
αာαα့္ႏွα ္ αααα αိုαα္ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα α‘ဲαီαာေαြαို αα္αြα္းေαာα္းα်αα္αိုαာαို α်ေαာ္αုိααိααα္။
α‘ဲαီ α ီαံαိα္းေαြαို α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္ααα္းα ေαααံေαြα‘αြα္ α‘α္ααα္ α ိုးαိα္α αာေαြαို ေαြαααα္။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ေαာ့ ေαααံေαြαဲα αုိα္αα္αာα်ဳိးေαြααွိααို ေαααံေαြαဲα αα္αာေျααိα္းαိုα္αႈေαြαေαာ့ αူαုိααဲα αα္ေαြးαα္းေαΎαာα္းေαြαါ ေααွα္α‘αြα္ αံုးαြားαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားαို α‘α်ားααီးေαြαααα္။
ေαာα္ααုα αီ α ီαံαိα္းα α‘ေαွ αေαာα္α‘ာαွαွာ α‘ααီးαားαံုး α ီαံαိα္းααုျαα ္αα္။ α်ေαာ္αုိαႏိုα္αံα‘ေααဲα αိုα္းျαα္αဲα αွα ္αα္αာαိုα္ႏႈα္းေαာα္α ~ ααွိαဲ့αဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုαွာေαာ့ αီαုိα်ဳိး αိုα့္αိုα္းျαα္ααြα္αဲ့ αံαံαာααα α₯α္းေαြαို α‘ိα္αီးα်α္းႏိုα္αံေαြαို ေαာα္းα ားαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားαို α‘α္ααα္αို α ိုးαိα္αα္။ ေαာα္ααုα αီαုိα်ဳိး αီαုိαေαα ီαို α်α့္αံုးေααဲ့α‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα αိုα့္αုိα္းျαα္αူေαြαဲα α‘αိαα‘ေαးαားααဲ့ αိုα့္αိုα္းျαα္αွာ αုိα‘α္αဲ့α ြα္းα‘α္ေαြαို α¦းα ားေαးαံုးαΏαီးαွ α်α္αဲ့αာေαြαို αα္αိုαေαာα္းα်αာα်ဳိးαို ျαα ္αα့္αα္αိုα αα္αα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ αီေααာαွာ α်ေαာ္ αားαα္းαိုα္αဲ့α‘α်α္α αာαဲαိုေαာ့ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ααုိα္ျαα္αα္αွာαွိေααဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြααိုα္αိုαာα ααာα»ေαααွာ αααေျαာα္ α‘ααီးαံုးααာααါα္ေαြααိုα္αိုα ေျαာαΎααါαα္။ αီαို ααာααါα္αိုα္αေα ααာααါα္ေαြαေαြ αုα္ေαာ္αΏαီး ႏိုα္αံαα္ျαားαိုေαာα္းαိုα။ ႏိုα္αံαα္ျαားαို ေαာα္းαိုααိုαဲ့ေααာαွာ αါα αုိα္းျαα္αဲα αα္ေαြေαြျαα ္ααာႏိုα္αူးαား။ αုိα္းျαα္αဲα αα္ေαြျαα ္αာαα္αိုαα္ ေααα‘αြα္း αြံααΏαိဳးαုိးαα္αႈ၊ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ααုိα္ျαα္αα္α‘αြα္းαွာαွိαဲ့ αြံααΏαိဳးαုိးαα္αႈေαြα‘αြα္ α‘αားα‘αာေαာα္း ααုα္αူးαား။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α₯ααာေျαာααα္ αααာ αဲααြα္αွာαြα္αဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြα၊ αိုα္းႏိုα္αံαို ေαာα္းαာαဲ့αာ αα္αα္းααုαွာ αααα-αα ααα္းα αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ႏွα ္α‘αိ α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာေαါα္း αα္းေαာα္ေαါα္းαα ္αα္ေα်ာ္ေαာα္ α‘αα္းαံုးαα္αα္αဲ့αာαို ေαြαααα္။ α‘ဲαီαာαဲα ααိုα္ေα်ာ္ααα္း αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ αα‘αα α ္α‘ုα္α ုαဲα α‘ိα္αဲαို αုိα္αိုα္ေαာα္αα္αိုα ေျαာαုိαααα္။ αိုေαာ့ α‘ဲαီαααဲ့ α‘α်ဳိးα‘ျαα္ေαြαို αΎαα့္αα္ α‘αုα္αံုးαိαဲ့α‘αိုα္းαဲ α‘ဲαီαာေαြαာ ααα့္ααα္ αုိα္းျαα္α‘αြα္ αိုα‘α္αဲ့ α်α္းαာေαး၊ ααာေαး၊ αျαား αြံααΏαိဳးေαးαုα္αα္းαိုα္းေαြαွာ αံုးαံုးα်ားα်ားααီးαံုးαာα်ဳိးေαြ αေαြααေαးαူး။ α‘αိα ျαႆαာαေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိαႏိုα္αံαွာ αြα့္αα္းျαα္αာαဲ့ ေαြေαΎαးα αα ္ေαြ ααွိαာေαြ။ ေαာα္ααုα ေαααံေαြ αဲα ααာααα္αα္းα်α္ေαြαို α‘αာα‘αြα္ေαးႏိုα္αဲ့ α‘ဲαီαိုα်ဳိး αႏၱαားေαြ ααွိေαးαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုα α‘α္ααα္αို αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့αာေαြααα္း αံုးαႈံးαဲ့αာα်ဳိးေαြαွိαα္။ α‘αုα‘ေαα‘αားαွာαα္း α ံα်ိα္α ံႏႈα္းααွိေαးαာαေαာ့ ေαာေαာαα္αုα္ေααဲ့ α ီαံαိα္းေαြαေαာ့ ေαααံေαြα‘αြα္ αိαိေαာα္ေαာα္ α‘ာααံα်α္ေαးႏိုα္αဲ့ α‘α်ဳိးα‘ျαα္ေαြαို ααိαေαးαူး။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ αဲααြα္ α ီαံαိα္းαိုαာα αααၤာαီαုိα္းαွာαွိαဲ့ α ီαံαိα္း αီ α ီαံαိα္းαွာ αα္ေαြαα‘ားျαα့္ αα္ေαြေαြαေααΏαီ။ αိုα္းႏိုα္αံαို ေαာα္းα ားαိုααေααΏαီαိုေααα့္ ေαααြα္းαွာ αုိးαα္αႈαα ံုααာ αေαြααဲ့ααူးαိုαဲ့ αီα‘α်α္αိုေαာα္ျααΏαီးေαာ့ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္αိုαα ααိုα္ျαα္αွာ ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြαေαြ αြα္αာαΏαီαိုαα္ေαာα္αွαဲ ααိုα္ျαα္αဲα ျαα္αူေαြα‘αြα္ α‘α်ဳိးααွိαူးαိုαဲ့αေαာေαါ့။ αါေααဲ့αα္း α‘ေျαα‘ေαα αα္းαα္းေျαာα္းαာαΏαီ ααုα္αူးαား။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ α‘αု ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαးα‘ေျαα‘ေαα‘α αါαီαα္αႊα္ေαာ္ α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြ αွိေααΏαီ။ αွိေααဲ့α‘αါαΎαေαာ့ ααုိα္ျαα္αα္αွာαα္း ααုိα္ျαα္αα္α‘α ိုးα၊ ααိုα္ျαα္ αႊα္ေαာ္α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြ αွိေααΏαီ။ αီα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြα ေαααြα္း αိုးαα္αႈေαြα‘αြα္ αα ံုααာ αိαိေαာα္ေαာα္ αုိα္αြα္းαာႏိုα္αာေαြ၊ αုα္αာႏိုα္αာေαြ ααွိႏိုα္αူးαား။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘ေααဲα α‘αုαိုα်ဳိး αါαီαα္αီαုိαေαα ီα‘α ိုးααို ααိဳαိုαါαα္။ ေαာα္ααုα ααိုα္αုိαα္αα္း ααိုα္αိုα္းαα္းαားαါαီေαြα‘ေααဲα αα်ဳိ ααာα်ဳိးေαြαΎαေαာ့ ေααα္αာα်ဳိးေαြαွိαα္။ ေαာα္ျααာေαြαွိαα္။ αါေααဲ့ α‘ဲαီαာေαြα αိုαΏαီးေαာ့ αα္ေαြαα်αဲ့ α‘ာααံα်α္ေαြαို ေαာα္းαိုαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားαွာေαာ့ α‘α္ααα္ α‘αွα္းေαးေαေαးαα္αိုα α်ေαာ္ျαα္αα္။ ေαာα္ααုα α‘αုαα္αွိ α‘ေျααံα₯ေααα‘ααα္း article (αα) αွာ αိုα္းျαα္ααြα္αွိαဲ့ αံαံαာα ေျαေααေαေα‘ာα္ α‘αုα္αံုးαို ααိုα‘α ိုးααဲ α်ဳα္αိုα္αားαα္ αိုေαာ့ α‘ဲαီαာေαြα α‘α္ααα္αို α‘αွα္းေαးေαေαးαα္αိုα ေျαာααိα့္αα္။ ααိုα္ျαα္ααြα္αဲ့ αံαံαာα၊ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ααာααါα္ေαြαေαြαုိαα္ α‘α္ααα္αို αα္းαိုးαα္းααီးαα္။ ေαြေαးေαΎαးေαးα‘α။ ေαααြα္းαွာαံုးαα္αိုαα္αα္း ႏွα ္ေαါα္းαာαဲαα်ီ αံုးαိုαααα္။ ααုိα္ျαα္αူαုαာαုိαα္αα္း ျαα္αာαိုα္αံαွာ αုαိαα‘αα္းαဲαံုး αွ်α္α α ္α ြα္းα‘ားααွိαဲ ေααာαဲ့αဲ့αူေαြαဲαွာαါαα္။ α‘ဲαီ αူα်ဳိးေαြα‘ေααဲα αိုα္αိုααီααြα္αဲ့ αံαံαာαေαြαို αိုα္αုိααိုα္းျαα္၊ ျαα္αα္αွာ αံုးαြα့္αααာα α‘α္ααα္ ေα ာ္αားαံααဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုαိုα ေျαာျαα်α္αα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ αေαာα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαႊα္ေαာ္αွာ αα္ေααဲ့ ျαα္αူααႊα္ေαာ္၊ α‘α်ဳိးαားαႊα္ေαာ္αွာ αα္ေααဲ့ ααိုα္αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြαို αုိα္αြα္းေαးαိုαααα္αုိαုိααွိαα္ αိαိα်α် αာေαြαိုα္αြα္းေαးေα α်α္αဲ။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြααုα္αα္းαဲα αα္αα္αိုα။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ေαာ့ ααိုα္αိုးαα္ေαးαါαီα‘αါα‘αα္ ျαα္αူαူαုααα္αံုးα‘ေααဲα αီ α ီαံαိα္းα‘ေျαα‘ေαα‘αုα္αံုးαို ေα‘ာα္ေျααေαα‘αံုးα‘αိ α‘αိုα္းα‘αာααု α‘αိေαးαα့္αα္αိုα α်ေαာ္ျαα္αα္။ α₯ααာα‘ားျαα့္ αီ α ီαံαိα္းααီးα αα္αာေαြαါαα္။ αα္αို α ီαံαိα္းαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီး α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းေαြαါαα္။ ေαာα္ ααာααα္αα္းα်α္αိုα္αာ αိαုိα္αႈေαြ၊ αူေααႈααိုα္αာ αိαုိα္αႈေαြ αာေαြαွိαာαα္။ ေαααံေαြαဲα αေα့αံုα ံ α‘αါα‘αα္ α်ေαာ္αုိααဲα α‘ေα့α‘αေαြαို αူαိုαα‘ေααဲα α‘ာααံα်α္ေαြ ေαးႏိုα္αα္။ α‘ဲαီαာေαြαα‘α α‘αုα္αံုး αိαα့္αα္αိုα ျαα္αα္။ ေαာα္ααု α‘ေαးααီးαာα αီ α ီαံαိα္းαဲα α‘αုα္αံုးα αΏαီး αုα္ααα္းα contract αုα္αဲ့α‘αါαွာ α ာα်ဳα္α်ုα္αဲ့α‘αါαွာ αα္းαိုး၊ αီ α ီαံαိα္းα ႏွα ္α α₯္ααာαα့္ αα္ေαြေαြαα‘α α‘αုα္αံုး αိαα့္αα္αိုα ျαα္αα္။ α‘ဲαီ α ီαံαိα္းααုαံုးαဲα α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြαို ααိေαးα၍ေαာ့ αိုαα αီαα α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ေααဲα ေαာα္ျαေαα၍ေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိα αိုα‘α္αဲ့ αိုαားαဲ့ α‘αိုα္းα‘αာααု ααα္αိုα ααα္αူး။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ ေαာေαာαα္αိုαိုααွိαα္αα္း ααာααါα္ေαြαေαြα αာαα့္ႏွα ္α‘αြα္းαွာ αြα္αာαα့္ α‘ေαα‘αားα်ဳိးေαြ αွိေααΏαီ။ αွိေααΏαီαိုေαာ့ α ီαံαိα္းααα္း α‘ေαာ္ααီးေαာα္ေααΏαီ။ ααီးေαာα္ေαααွ် α ီαံαိα္း αα္αွိα‘ေျαα‘ေαα‘αိ ေααα‘αြα္းαွာ αာေαြα်ား α်α္α ီးαႈေαြ ျαα္αဲ့αααဲ။ αာေαြα်ား αိαုိα္αႈေαြ ျαα္αဲ့αααဲ။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ αီ α ီαံαိα္းα αα္αိုαိုααဲ။ α်ေαာ္αိုα α‘α်ားαံုးျαα ္αာαေαာ့ αα္αာေျα αိα္းαိုα္αံααႈ။ αူေαြα αိုးαြားα α₯္αα္ αုα္αိုα္α ားေαာα္αာαဲ့αဲ့ αα္αာေျαေαြ αံုးαႈံးαြားαဲ့αα္။
αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αူαုိααိုα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္αာေျαေαြα‘ေαααွာ ေαာα္αα်ိα္αွာ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αာαα္ α‘αုα္ααားα‘ေααဲα αာαုα္ααα့္α‘ေαα‘αားααုαို ေαာα္ေααα္။
ေαာα္ααုα ααာααα္αα္းα်α္αိုα္αာ αံုးαႈံးαႈαိုαα္αα္း ααုိα္αေα αေαြးαိုα္း၊ αႏၱေαးαိုα္း၊ αွα္းျαα္αα္αိုျαα္αΏαီး ေαာα္ေαွ်ာα္ααီး ေαာေαာα္ေαြαို ျαα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αုα္α်α္αာαုα္၊ ျαα္α်α္αာαိုျαα္ ααာααိုα္αိုα္း ααုα္ျαα္αိုαြားαα့္ αိုα္αိုα္αေαွ်ာα္αွာ ααာααα္αα္းα်α္αိုα္αာ α α္းα်α₯္းα α္းαα္း၊ α₯αေαေαြα ααွိαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားαွာ α‘ဲαီαာေαြα α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘ေααဲα αာαွαိααာαα္း ααွိαူး။
ေαာα္ααုα αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ ႏွα ္ααα္းα αα္αα္αိုα္ααိααα‘ ျαα ္ေααα္αာေαြαိုαα္αα္း α‘α ိုးααဲα α ီαံαိα္းα ααုα္α‘α ိုးα၊ ျαα္αာα‘α ုိးαα‘ေααဲα α ီးαြားေαးα‘α၊ ႏိုα္αံေαးα‘α α‘α္ααα္ ααာα်ဴαာေျαာα္αဲ့ α ီးαြားေαးααုαိုα ေျαာαိုαααα္။
α‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα αီαို α ီαံαိα္းေαြαို αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα α‘αာα‘αြα္αုα္αိုαα‘αြα္ αΏαီးαဲ့ႏွα ္α ျαα ္αြားαဲ့αဲ့ ααိααα‘ျαα ္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္αα္αိုα္α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြαဲα αွα္းျαα္αα္αွာျαα ္ျαα ္၊ αွα္းျαα္αα္ေျαာα္αိုα္းαွာαွိαဲ့ αα်α္αα္αα္αိုα္ေαြαဲα ျαα ္αာα αိαာαα္αွားαα္။ αီαိုα်ဳိး α‘αα္းα‘ျαα ္ေαြαို ေαာα္းα်αΏαီးေαာ့ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα α‘αာα‘αြα္αူαဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွာ ေαααံေαြαဲα α‘α ိုးααα္ေαြ ျαα ္αα့္αာေαြα αိαာαα္αွားαα္αိုα ေျαာαိုαααα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ αီ α ီαံαိα္းαေα ေαာα္αိုα္းαွာααာႏိုα္αဲ့ ႏွα ္α α₯္αα္ေαြ αα္ေαာα္α‘αိ αα္ααွα္းαားααဲ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ αီαုိ ႏွα ္α α₯္αα္ေαြα‘ျαα္ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ααုိα္ျαα္αα္α‘ေααဲα αα္ေαာα္α‘αိ α‘α်ဳိးα‘α ား αံα ားαိုα္αြα့္αွိαα္αိုα αူαααဲ။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ ေαာေαာαα္ α ီαံαိα္းαဲα αα္းαိုးαေαာ့ ေαာေαာαα္ ααုα္αဲαα်ဳα္αားαဲ့ α ာα်ဳα္α‘ααုိαα္ ႏွα ္ေαါα္း (αα ) ႏွα ္αေα ႏွα ္ေαါα္း (αα) α‘αြα္း၊ ေαာေαာαα္ α‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာ αα္းေαာα္ေαါα္း αα αα္း ααွိαွာျαα ္αα္။ α‘ဲαီαာေαြα αဲαဲαα္αα္ααီးαို ေαααံျαα္αူေαြα‘αြα္ျαα ္ျαα ္၊ ααုိα္ျαα္αူေαြα‘αြα္ျαα ္ျαα ္ αြဲαα္းα်ေαးαာ αံုးααေαြααေαးαူး။ α‘ဲαီ αα္ေαြေαြα‘αါα‘αα္ ေαာα္ααုα αိုα္αိုααီα αြα္αဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြα αံα ားαိုα္αြα့္αုိαα္αα္း αာαွ α‘ာααံα်α္α်ဳိးေαြ ေαးαားαာα်ဳိးေαြ α်ေαာ္αိုα ααိαေαးαူး။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α₯ααာα‘ားျαα့္ αါα္ေαြαေαြ αြα္αာαΏαီαိုαိုααွိαα္ ααα္ααα္း αိုα္αြα္αα္းαΏαီးေαာ့ ααုα္ျαα္αα္αို ေαာα္းαာαα်ဳိး။ ေααα‘αြα္းαွာ αွ်α္α α ္α ြα္းα‘ားαိုα αာαိုαα‘αြα္ αံုးαာα်ဳိး α ီαံαိα္းα်ဳိး ααΎαားαိαူးαား၊ ααွိαူးαား။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α‘αုေαာေαာαα္ေαာ့ α ီαံαိα္းေαြ α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္αာαာ ႏွα ္ေαါα္း ααα္ αီးαါးေαာα္ αွိαာαΏαီαိုα ေျαာαိုαααα္။ ေα်ာ္αα္း ေα်ာ္αာαΏαီ။ ေαααြαံαΏαိဳးေαးα‘αြα္ αိုα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αွ်αွ်ααααီး ျααိုααေα‘ာα္αိုαဲ့αာα်ဳိးα ေαာေαာαα္ေαာ့ αေαြααေαးαူး။ ေααွα္αွာαိုαα္ αီαα္αိုαΏαီး α‘ေျαα‘ေααိုးαα္။ α‘ေျαα‘ေααိုးαα္αိုαာα ေαာေαာαα္ αူαုိααုα္ေααဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွာ αေαြααေαးαူးαိုαα္ αီαα္ α‘α်ဳိးျαα္ααဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွာ α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘αြα္ αိုαΏαီး α‘αွα္းေαးေααα္αိုα α်ေαာ္α‘ေααဲα αα္ျαα္αα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ αိုα αႈα္αွားေααဲ့ αႈα္αွားαႈαဲα ααα္α‘ေααဲα။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ု၊ α‘ေαာα္ႏိုα္αံαိုα၊ ႏိုα္αံααာေαြေαΎαးα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြα αα္αိုαံုαျαα္αႈေαြ αွိααဲ။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ αူαိုαα‘ေααဲαေαာ့ αီα‘ေျαα‘ေα၊ α‘ေαα‘αားααုαွာ αူαိုααဲα α‘ေαာα္းαံုး α ံα်ိα္α ံႏႈα္းေαြαဲα αိုα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αုα္αာႏိုα္αဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုαို α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ေααဲα ေαြαααα္။ αါေααဲ့ αူαုိααီαα္ αိုαΏαီးαဲαဲαα္αα္ ေα့αာαα္းα α ္αΏαီးေαာ့ ေαααံေαြα‘αါα‘αα္ αိုα္αα္ေαြးေႏြးαႈေαြαို α‘ေαးေαး αုα္αα့္αα္αိုα α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αα္။ αုα္αဲ့ေααာေαြαွာαα္း αာαα္αူαိုααဲα αုα္αိုα္ေααဲ့ α α ္αα္ေα်ာေαာα္ေαာα္αံ αူαα ုαဲα αုိαာαα္ αီ α ီαံαိα္းαွာαါαα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ αျαား ေαααံ ျαα္αူαူαုေαြ α‘αုα္αံုးαဲα ေαြးေႏြးαိုα္αα္αာေαြ ေα့αာα α္းα α ္αာေαြ။ αိုαΏαီးαိေαာα္αဲ့ ေαြးေႏြးαႈေαြαဲα αီαα္αိုαΏαီး ေαာα္းαြα္αဲ့ α ံα်ိα္α ံႏႈα္းေαြαို αားαΏαီးေαာ့ αုα္αဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုαို α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘ေααဲα αိုα်α္αာေαါ့။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ Shwe Gas Movement αိုαေαααဲ့ ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြα αႈα္αွားαႈα‘αြဲααဲα αာαα္αံαα¦းျαα ္αူ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ αို ေαြααံုေαးျαα္းαဲ့αာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
αႊα္း - αီြα‘ိုေα‘ α‘αံαႊα့္αာα (ျαα္αာαုိα္း) here
"...αူαုိααိုα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္αာေျαေαြα‘ေαααွာ ေαာα္αα်ိα္αွာ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αာαα္ α‘αုα္ααားα‘ေααဲα αာαုα္ααα့္α‘ေαα‘αားααုαို ေαာα္ေααα္။ ေαာα္ααုα ααာααα္αα္းα်α္αိုα္αာ αံုးαႈံးαႈαိုαα္αα္း ααုိα္αေα αေαြးαိုα္း၊ αႏၱေαးαိုα္း၊ αွα္းျαα္αα္αိုျαα္αΏαီး ေαာα္ေαွ်ာα္ααီး ေαာေαာα္ေαြαို ျαα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αုα္α်α္αာαုα္..."
αီααα္ ျαα္αာ့αီαုိαေαα ီေαးαာ ေαြးေႏြးαα္းαွာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα ႏိုα္αံαဲα α‘ေαာα္αα္ျαα္း ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြααြα္းα αြα္αွိαဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြα ေαာα္းα်αေαြေαြαို ျαα္αα္αဲαေαα αြံααΏαိဳးαႈα‘αြα္ α‘αိαα‘αံုးျαဳαိုααိုαဲ့ α ီαံαိα္းေαြαို αုα္ေαာα္αားαာαို αေαြααွိαေαးေαΎαာα္း။ αီαုိ α ီαံαိα္းααီးေαြαဲα αα္αα္αα္ αိုαΏαီးαြα့္αα္းျαα္αာαဲ့ αα္ျααႈေαြ αိုα္αα္ႏီွးေႏွာαႈေαြ αုα္αα့္ေαΎαာα္း ႏိုα္αံααာေαြေαΎαးα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းααီးေαြαီαို αα္ျαေျαာαိုαဲ့αα္αိုα Shwe Gas Movement - ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြα αႈα္αွားαႈα‘αြဲααဲα αာαα္αံαα¦းျαα ္αူ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္αို α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္းα ေαြααံုေαးျαα္း ေαြးေႏြးαα္ျααါαα္။
α¦းαα္αြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္α‘ေααဲα α‘αု αုိα္းႏိုα္αံ α်α္းαိုα္αွာα‘ေျαα ိုα္ေααΏαီး α‘αု ေαာေαာαα္ αါαွα္αα္αΏαိဳ αေαာ္αို ေαာα္ေααဲ့α‘ေαΎαာα္းေαးαို αα်α္ေαာα္ αွα္းျααါαား။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α‘αု α်ေαာ္ αါαွα္αα္αီα ီαို αာααဲ့α‘ေαΎαာα္းαα္းαေαာ့ αီαွာαုα္αဲ့ α‘α α္းα‘ေαးေαြαα်ဳိ ααွာ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ႏိုα္αံααာ ေαြေαΎαးαα္αံုေαြα‘αြဲα α‘αါα‘αα္ ααာα»ααα္ေαြα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေαααွာ αူုαိုαα‘ေααဲα αႈα္αွားαႈေαြαဲα ေαွ ααα္αΏαီး αုα္ေαာα္αα့္αာေαြαို αူαုိαေျαာαာαိုαာαိွαα္။ α‘ဲαီα‘ေαααွာ ေαွာα္ααα့္αာေαြαဲα ေαာေαာαα္ျαα ္ေααဲ့αာေαြαို α်ေαာ္αိုα αာေαာα္αα္ျααာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ αေαာαေαာ့ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာျαα ္ေααဲ့ αီαုိαေαα ီေαး ေαွ ααႈαဲ့αုα္αα္းα α₯္ေαြα‘ေαα αူαα္αΏαီးေαာ့ ႏိုα္αံααာေαြေαΎαး α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြααα္း ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘αြα္းαွာ αα္းႏီွးျαဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြαုα္αα္။ ေαာα္αံ့αႈေαြαုα္αာαα့္ α‘ေαα‘αားေαြαွိαα္။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ αုိαα‘αြဲαေαြααα္း αီαိα α₯α‘ေαααွာ - ααာျαα္αွာ α‘αုα္ေαြαုα္αာαΏαီαိုαα္ αာေαြေαာα္ααα္၊ ေαွာα္ααα္αိုαာေαြαို αာαΏαီးα‘ααံျαဳαα္αုိαဲ့ αေαာေαါ့။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ αုα္αဲ့αါ။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ α‘αိαα‘ားျαα့္ေαာ့ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္αိုαα‘αြဲαα Shwe Gas Movement αုိαေαααဲ့ ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြααုα္αα္း၊ ααိုα္ျαα္αα္αα္αွာ α‘ေျαα ိုα္αဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြααုα္αα္းαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီးေαာ့ ျαα္αူαူαုαΎαားαွာ αႈα္αွားαႈေαးေαြαို α‘αိααာေαးေαာα္αြα္ေααဲ့α‘αြဲααိုေαာ့။ α‘ဲαီ ႏိုα္αံααာ αα္းႏီွးျαဳα္ႏံွαႈေαြαဲα ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြα ျαα္αြα္းαွာαုα္ေααဲ့ αုα္αα္းα‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြ αα္αိုαα္α α္ေααα္αိုαာαို αα္းαα္းαွα္းျαေαးαါ။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α်ေαာ္αုိα ႏိုα္αံαွာ α‘αုα္αံုးαိαဲ့α‘αိုα္း αိုα္းျαα္αဲα αံαံαာαα‘α်ားα α‘ိα္αီးα်α္းႏိုα္αံေαြα‘αါα‘αα္ ေαာ္ေαာ္α်ားα်ား αα္αိုαေαာα္းα်ေααာαို ေαြαααα္။
ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြααုိαα္αα္း αααα αα္းα်α္ααα္းα ေαာα္αိုαီးαားαုααΌαီ αဲα α‘ိႏိα΅ααုααΌαီαုိα α αα္αΏαီးαုα္αာαဲ့αာျαα ္αα္။
α‘αိုα္းα‘αာααုα‘ျαα ္ αူαုိααα္ေαာα္ေαးαုα္αα္းေαြαဲα αုα္αုα္αα္αိုαေαး αုα္αα္းေαြ αုα္ေαာα္ေααာαို α်ေαာ္αိုαေαြααα္။ ေαာα္αုα္ေαးαုα္αα္းေαြေαါ့။
αာαα့္ႏွα ္ αααα αိုαα္ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα α‘ဲαီαာေαြαို αα္αြα္းေαာα္းα်αα္αိုαာαို α်ေαာ္αုိααိααα္။
α‘ဲαီ α ီαံαိα္းေαြαို α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္ααα္းα ေαααံေαြα‘αြα္ α‘α္ααα္ α ိုးαိα္α αာေαြαို ေαြαααα္။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ေαာ့ ေαααံေαြαဲα αုိα္αα္αာα်ဳိးေαြααွိααို ေαααံေαြαဲα αα္αာေျααိα္းαိုα္αႈေαြαေαာ့ αူαုိααဲα αα္ေαြးαα္းေαΎαာα္းေαြαါ ေααွα္α‘αြα္ αံုးαြားαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားαို α‘α်ားααီးေαြαααα္။
ေαာα္ααုα αီ α ီαံαိα္းα α‘ေαွ αေαာα္α‘ာαွαွာ α‘ααီးαားαံုး α ီαံαိα္းααုျαα ္αα္။ α်ေαာ္αုိαႏိုα္αံα‘ေααဲα αိုα္းျαα္αဲα αွα ္αα္αာαိုα္ႏႈα္းေαာα္α ~ ααွိαဲ့αဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုαွာေαာ့ αီαုိα်ဳိး αိုα့္αိုα္းျαα္ααြα္αဲ့ αံαံαာααα α₯α္းေαြαို α‘ိα္αီးα်α္းႏိုα္αံေαြαို ေαာα္းα ားαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားαို α‘α္ααα္αို α ိုးαိα္αα္။ ေαာα္ααုα αီαုိα်ဳိး αီαုိαေαα ီαို α်α့္αံုးေααဲ့α‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα αိုα့္αုိα္းျαα္αူေαြαဲα α‘αိαα‘ေαးαားααဲ့ αိုα့္αိုα္းျαα္αွာ αုိα‘α္αဲ့α ြα္းα‘α္ေαြαို α¦းα ားေαးαံုးαΏαီးαွ α်α္αဲ့αာေαြαို αα္αိုαေαာα္းα်αာα်ဳိးαို ျαα ္αα့္αα္αိုα αα္αα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ αီေααာαွာ α်ေαာ္ αားαα္းαိုα္αဲ့α‘α်α္α αာαဲαိုေαာ့ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ααုိα္ျαα္αα္αွာαွိေααဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြααိုα္αိုαာα ααာα»ေαααွာ αααေျαာα္ α‘ααီးαံုးααာααါα္ေαြααိုα္αိုα ေျαာαΎααါαα္။ αီαို ααာααါα္αိုα္αေα ααာααါα္ေαြαေαြ αုα္ေαာ္αΏαီး ႏိုα္αံαα္ျαားαိုေαာα္းαိုα။ ႏိုα္αံαα္ျαားαို ေαာα္းαိုααိုαဲ့ေααာαွာ αါα αုိα္းျαα္αဲα αα္ေαြေαြျαα ္ααာႏိုα္αူးαား။ αုိα္းျαα္αဲα αα္ေαြျαα ္αာαα္αိုαα္ ေααα‘αြα္း αြံααΏαိဳးαုိးαα္αႈ၊ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ααုိα္ျαα္αα္α‘αြα္းαွာαွိαဲ့ αြံααΏαိဳးαုိးαα္αႈေαြα‘αြα္ α‘αားα‘αာေαာα္း ααုα္αူးαား။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α₯ααာေျαာααα္ αααာ αဲααြα္αွာαြα္αဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြα၊ αိုα္းႏိုα္αံαို ေαာα္းαာαဲ့αာ αα္αα္းααုαွာ αααα-αα ααα္းα αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ႏွα ္α‘αိ α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာေαါα္း αα္းေαာα္ေαါα္းαα ္αα္ေα်ာ္ေαာα္ α‘αα္းαံုးαα္αα္αဲ့αာαို ေαြαααα္။ α‘ဲαီαာαဲα ααိုα္ေα်ာ္ααα္း αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ αα‘αα α ္α‘ုα္α ုαဲα α‘ိα္αဲαို αုိα္αိုα္ေαာα္αα္αိုα ေျαာαုိαααα္။ αိုေαာ့ α‘ဲαီαααဲ့ α‘α်ဳိးα‘ျαα္ေαြαို αΎαα့္αα္ α‘αုα္αံုးαိαဲ့α‘αိုα္းαဲ α‘ဲαီαာေαြαာ ααα့္ααα္ αုိα္းျαα္α‘αြα္ αိုα‘α္αဲ့ α်α္းαာေαး၊ ααာေαး၊ αျαား αြံααΏαိဳးေαးαုα္αα္းαိုα္းေαြαွာ αံုးαံုးα်ားα်ားααီးαံုးαာα်ဳိးေαြ αေαြααေαးαူး။ α‘αိα ျαႆαာαေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိαႏိုα္αံαွာ αြα့္αα္းျαα္αာαဲ့ ေαြေαΎαးα αα ္ေαြ ααွိαာေαြ။ ေαာα္ααုα ေαααံေαြ αဲα ααာααα္αα္းα်α္ေαြαို α‘αာα‘αြα္ေαးႏိုα္αဲ့ α‘ဲαီαိုα်ဳိး αႏၱαားေαြ ααွိေαးαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုα α‘α္ααα္αို αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့αာေαြααα္း αံုးαႈံးαဲ့αာα်ဳိးေαြαွိαα္။ α‘αုα‘ေαα‘αားαွာαα္း α ံα်ိα္α ံႏႈα္းααွိေαးαာαေαာ့ ေαာေαာαα္αုα္ေααဲ့ α ီαံαိα္းေαြαေαာ့ ေαααံေαြα‘αြα္ αိαိေαာα္ေαာα္ α‘ာααံα်α္ေαးႏိုα္αဲ့ α‘α်ဳိးα‘ျαα္ေαြαို ααိαေαးαူး။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ αဲααြα္ α ီαံαိα္းαိုαာα αααၤာαီαုိα္းαွာαွိαဲ့ α ီαံαိα္း αီ α ီαံαိα္းαွာ αα္ေαြαα‘ားျαα့္ αα္ေαြေαြαေααΏαီ။ αိုα္းႏိုα္αံαို ေαာα္းα ားαိုααေααΏαီαိုေααα့္ ေαααြα္းαွာ αုိးαα္αႈαα ံုααာ αေαြααဲ့ααူးαိုαဲ့ αီα‘α်α္αိုေαာα္ျααΏαီးေαာ့ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္αိုαα ααိုα္ျαα္αွာ ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြαေαြ αြα္αာαΏαီαိုαα္ေαာα္αွαဲ ααိုα္ျαα္αဲα ျαα္αူေαြα‘αြα္ α‘α်ဳိးααွိαူးαိုαဲ့αေαာေαါ့။ αါေααဲ့αα္း α‘ေျαα‘ေαα αα္းαα္းေျαာα္းαာαΏαီ ααုα္αူးαား။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ α‘αု ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαးα‘ေျαα‘ေαα‘α αါαီαα္αႊα္ေαာ္ α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြ αွိေααΏαီ။ αွိေααဲ့α‘αါαΎαေαာ့ ααုိα္ျαα္αα္αွာαα္း ααုိα္ျαα္αα္α‘α ိုးα၊ ααိုα္ျαα္ αႊα္ေαာ္α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြ αွိေααΏαီ။ αီα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြα ေαααြα္း αိုးαα္αႈေαြα‘αြα္ αα ံုααာ αိαိေαာα္ေαာα္ αုိα္αြα္းαာႏိုα္αာေαြ၊ αုα္αာႏိုα္αာေαြ ααွိႏိုα္αူးαား။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘ေααဲα α‘αုαိုα်ဳိး αါαီαα္αီαုိαေαα ီα‘α ိုးααို ααိဳαိုαါαα္။ ေαာα္ααုα ααိုα္αုိαα္αα္း ααိုα္αိုα္းαα္းαားαါαီေαြα‘ေααဲα αα်ဳိ ααာα်ဳိးေαြαΎαေαာ့ ေααα္αာα်ဳိးေαြαွိαα္။ ေαာα္ျααာေαြαွိαα္။ αါေααဲ့ α‘ဲαီαာေαြα αိုαΏαီးေαာ့ αα္ေαြαα်αဲ့ α‘ာααံα်α္ေαြαို ေαာα္းαိုαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားαွာေαာ့ α‘α္ααα္ α‘αွα္းေαးေαေαးαα္αိုα α်ေαာ္ျαα္αα္။ ေαာα္ααုα α‘αုαα္αွိ α‘ေျααံα₯ေααα‘ααα္း article (αα) αွာ αိုα္းျαα္ααြα္αွိαဲ့ αံαံαာα ေျαေααေαေα‘ာα္ α‘αုα္αံုးαို ααိုα‘α ိုးααဲ α်ဳα္αိုα္αားαα္ αိုေαာ့ α‘ဲαီαာေαြα α‘α္ααα္αို α‘αွα္းေαးေαေαးαα္αိုα ေျαာααိα့္αα္။ ααိုα္ျαα္ααြα္αဲ့ αံαံαာα၊ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ααာααါα္ေαြαေαြαုိαα္ α‘α္ααα္αို αα္းαိုးαα္းααီးαα္။ ေαြေαးေαΎαးေαးα‘α။ ေαααြα္းαွာαံုးαα္αိုαα္αα္း ႏွα ္ေαါα္းαာαဲαα်ီ αံုးαိုαααα္။ ααုိα္ျαα္αူαုαာαုိαα္αα္း ျαα္αာαိုα္αံαွာ αုαိαα‘αα္းαဲαံုး αွ်α္α α ္α ြα္းα‘ားααွိαဲ ေααာαဲ့αဲ့αူေαြαဲαွာαါαα္။ α‘ဲαီ αူα်ဳိးေαြα‘ေααဲα αိုα္αိုααီααြα္αဲ့ αံαံαာαေαြαို αိုα္αုိααိုα္းျαα္၊ ျαα္αα္αွာ αံုးαြα့္αααာα α‘α္ααα္ ေα ာ္αားαံααဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုαိုα ေျαာျαα်α္αα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ αေαာα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαႊα္ေαာ္αွာ αα္ေααဲ့ ျαα္αူααႊα္ေαာ္၊ α‘α်ဳိးαားαႊα္ေαာ္αွာ αα္ေααဲ့ ααိုα္αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြαို αုိα္αြα္းေαးαိုαααα္αုိαုိααွိαα္ αိαိα်α် αာေαြαိုα္αြα္းေαးေα α်α္αဲ။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြααုα္αα္းαဲα αα္αα္αိုα။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ေαာ့ ααိုα္αိုးαα္ေαးαါαီα‘αါα‘αα္ ျαα္αူαူαုααα္αံုးα‘ေααဲα αီ α ီαံαိα္းα‘ေျαα‘ေαα‘αုα္αံုးαို ေα‘ာα္ေျααေαα‘αံုးα‘αိ α‘αိုα္းα‘αာααု α‘αိေαးαα့္αα္αိုα α်ေαာ္ျαα္αα္။ α₯ααာα‘ားျαα့္ αီ α ီαံαိα္းααီးα αα္αာေαြαါαα္။ αα္αို α ီαံαိα္းαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီး α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းေαြαါαα္။ ေαာα္ ααာααα္αα္းα်α္αိုα္αာ αိαုိα္αႈေαြ၊ αူေααႈααိုα္αာ αိαုိα္αႈေαြ αာေαြαွိαာαα္။ ေαααံေαြαဲα αေα့αံုα ံ α‘αါα‘αα္ α်ေαာ္αုိααဲα α‘ေα့α‘αေαြαို αူαိုαα‘ေααဲα α‘ာααံα်α္ေαြ ေαးႏိုα္αα္။ α‘ဲαီαာေαြαα‘α α‘αုα္αံုး αိαα့္αα္αိုα ျαα္αα္။ ေαာα္ααု α‘ေαးααီးαာα αီ α ီαံαိα္းαဲα α‘αုα္αံုးα αΏαီး αုα္ααα္းα contract αုα္αဲ့α‘αါαွာ α ာα်ဳα္α်ုα္αဲ့α‘αါαွာ αα္းαိုး၊ αီ α ီαံαိα္းα ႏွα ္α α₯္ααာαα့္ αα္ေαြေαြαα‘α α‘αုα္αံုး αိαα့္αα္αိုα ျαα္αα္။ α‘ဲαီ α ီαံαိα္းααုαံုးαဲα α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြαို ααိေαးα၍ေαာ့ αိုαα αီαα α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ေααဲα ေαာα္ျαေαα၍ေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိα αိုα‘α္αဲ့ αိုαားαဲ့ α‘αိုα္းα‘αာααု ααα္αိုα ααα္αူး။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ ေαာေαာαα္αိုαိုααွိαα္αα္း ααာααါα္ေαြαေαြα αာαα့္ႏွα ္α‘αြα္းαွာ αြα္αာαα့္ α‘ေαα‘αားα်ဳိးေαြ αွိေααΏαီ။ αွိေααΏαီαိုေαာ့ α ီαံαိα္းααα္း α‘ေαာ္ααီးေαာα္ေααΏαီ။ ααီးေαာα္ေαααွ် α ီαံαိα္း αα္αွိα‘ေျαα‘ေαα‘αိ ေααα‘αြα္းαွာ αာေαြα်ား α်α္α ီးαႈေαြ ျαα္αဲ့αααဲ။ αာေαြα်ား αိαုိα္αႈေαြ ျαα္αဲ့αααဲ။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ αီ α ီαံαိα္းα αα္αိုαိုααဲ။ α်ေαာ္αိုα α‘α်ားαံုးျαα ္αာαေαာ့ αα္αာေျα αိα္းαိုα္αံααႈ။ αူေαြα αိုးαြားα α₯္αα္ αုα္αိုα္α ားေαာα္αာαဲ့αဲ့ αα္αာေျαေαြ αံုးαႈံးαြားαဲ့αα္။
αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αူαုိααိုα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္αာေျαေαြα‘ေαααွာ ေαာα္αα်ိα္αွာ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αာαα္ α‘αုα္ααားα‘ေααဲα αာαုα္ααα့္α‘ေαα‘αားααုαို ေαာα္ေααα္။
ေαာα္ααုα ααာααα္αα္းα်α္αိုα္αာ αံုးαႈံးαႈαိုαα္αα္း ααုိα္αေα αေαြးαိုα္း၊ αႏၱေαးαိုα္း၊ αွα္းျαα္αα္αိုျαα္αΏαီး ေαာα္ေαွ်ာα္ααီး ေαာေαာα္ေαြαို ျαα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα αုα္α်α္αာαုα္၊ ျαα္α်α္αာαိုျαα္ ααာααိုα္αိုα္း ααုα္ျαα္αိုαြားαα့္ αိုα္αိုα္αေαွ်ာα္αွာ ααာααα္αα္းα်α္αိုα္αာ α α္းα်α₯္းα α္းαα္း၊ α₯αေαေαြα ααွိαဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားαွာ α‘ဲαီαာေαြα α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘ေααဲα αာαွαိααာαα္း ααွိαူး။
ေαာα္ααုα αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ ႏွα ္ααα္းα αα္αα္αိုα္ααိααα‘ ျαα ္ေααα္αာေαြαိုαα္αα္း α‘α ိုးααဲα α ီαံαိα္းα ααုα္α‘α ိုးα၊ ျαα္αာα‘α ုိးαα‘ေααဲα α ီးαြားေαးα‘α၊ ႏိုα္αံေαးα‘α α‘α္ααα္ ααာα်ဴαာေျαာα္αဲ့ α ီးαြားေαးααုαိုα ေျαာαိုαααα္။
α‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα αီαို α ီαံαိα္းေαြαို αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα α‘αာα‘αြα္αုα္αိုαα‘αြα္ αΏαီးαဲ့ႏွα ္α ျαα ္αြားαဲ့αဲ့ ααိααα‘ျαα ္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္αα္αိုα္α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြαဲα αွα္းျαα္αα္αွာျαα ္ျαα ္၊ αွα္းျαα္αα္ေျαာα္αိုα္းαွာαွိαဲ့ αα်α္αα္αα္αိုα္ေαြαဲα ျαα ္αာα αိαာαα္αွားαα္။ αီαိုα်ဳိး α‘αα္းα‘ျαα ္ေαြαို ေαာα္းα်αΏαီးေαာ့ αူαုိαα‘ေααဲα α‘αာα‘αြα္αူαဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွာ ေαααံေαြαဲα α‘α ိုးααα္ေαြ ျαα ္αα့္αာေαြα αိαာαα္αွားαα္αိုα ေျαာαိုαααα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ αီ α ီαံαိα္းαေα ေαာα္αိုα္းαွာααာႏိုα္αဲ့ ႏွα ္α α₯္αα္ေαြ αα္ေαာα္α‘αိ αα္ααွα္းαားααဲ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ αီαုိ ႏွα ္α α₯္αα္ေαြα‘ျαα္ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ααုိα္ျαα္αα္α‘ေααဲα αα္ေαာα္α‘αိ α‘α်ဳိးα‘α ား αံα ားαိုα္αြα့္αွိαα္αိုα αူαααဲ။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ ေαာေαာαα္ α ီαံαိα္းαဲα αα္းαိုးαေαာ့ ေαာေαာαα္ ααုα္αဲαα်ဳα္αားαဲ့ α ာα်ဳα္α‘ααုိαα္ ႏွα ္ေαါα္း (αα ) ႏွα ္αေα ႏွα ္ေαါα္း (αα) α‘αြα္း၊ ေαာေαာαα္ α‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာ αα္းေαာα္ေαါα္း αα αα္း ααွိαွာျαα ္αα္။ α‘ဲαီαာေαြα αဲαဲαα္αα္ααီးαို ေαααံျαα္αူေαြα‘αြα္ျαα ္ျαα ္၊ ααုိα္ျαα္αူေαြα‘αြα္ျαα ္ျαα ္ αြဲαα္းα်ေαးαာ αံုးααေαြααေαးαူး။ α‘ဲαီ αα္ေαြေαြα‘αါα‘αα္ ေαာα္ααုα αိုα္αိုααီα αြα္αဲ့ ααာααါα္ေαြα αံα ားαိုα္αြα့္αုိαα္αα္း αာαွ α‘ာααံα်α္α်ဳိးေαြ ေαးαားαာα်ဳိးေαြ α်ေαာ္αိုα ααိαေαးαူး။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α₯ααာα‘ားျαα့္ αါα္ေαြαေαြ αြα္αာαΏαီαိုαိုααွိαα္ ααα္ααα္း αိုα္αြα္αα္းαΏαီးေαာ့ ααုα္ျαα္αα္αို ေαာα္းαာαα်ဳိး။ ေααα‘αြα္းαွာ αွ်α္α α ္α ြα္းα‘ားαိုα αာαိုαα‘αြα္ αံုးαာα်ဳိး α ီαံαိα္းα်ဳိး ααΎαားαိαူးαား၊ ααွိαူးαား။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ α‘αုေαာေαာαα္ေαာ့ α ီαံαိα္းေαြ α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္αာαာ ႏွα ္ေαါα္း ααα္ αီးαါးေαာα္ αွိαာαΏαီαိုα ေျαာαိုαααα္။ ေα်ာ္αα္း ေα်ာ္αာαΏαီ။ ေαααြαံαΏαိဳးေαးα‘αြα္ αိုα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αွ်αွ်ααααီး ျααိုααေα‘ာα္αိုαဲ့αာα်ဳိးα ေαာေαာαα္ေαာ့ αေαြααေαးαူး။ ေααွα္αွာαိုαα္ αီαα္αိုαΏαီး α‘ေျαα‘ေααိုးαα္။ α‘ေျαα‘ေααိုးαα္αိုαာα ေαာေαာαα္ αူαုိααုα္ေααဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွာ αေαြααေαးαူးαိုαα္ αီαα္ α‘α်ဳိးျαα္ααဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွာ α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘αြα္ αိုαΏαီး α‘αွα္းေαးေααα္αိုα α်ေαာ္α‘ေααဲα αα္ျαα္αα္။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ αိုα αႈα္αွားေααဲ့ αႈα္αွားαႈαဲα ααα္α‘ေααဲα။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ု၊ α‘ေαာα္ႏိုα္αံαိုα၊ ႏိုα္αံααာေαြေαΎαးα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းေαြα αα္αိုαံုαျαα္αႈေαြ αွိααဲ။
α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ ။ ။ αူαိုαα‘ေααဲαေαာ့ αီα‘ေျαα‘ေα၊ α‘ေαα‘αားααုαွာ αူαိုααဲα α‘ေαာα္းαံုး α ံα်ိα္α ံႏႈα္းေαြαဲα αိုα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αုα္αာႏိုα္αဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုαို α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ေααဲα ေαြαααα္။ αါေααဲ့ αူαုိααီαα္ αိုαΏαီးαဲαဲαα္αα္ ေα့αာαα္းα α ္αΏαီးေαာ့ ေαααံေαြα‘αါα‘αα္ αိုα္αα္ေαြးေႏြးαႈေαြαို α‘ေαးေαး αုα္αα့္αα္αိုα α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αα္။ αုα္αဲ့ေααာေαြαွာαα္း αာαα္αူαိုααဲα αုα္αိုα္ေααဲ့ α α ္αα္ေα်ာေαာα္ေαာα္αံ αူαα ုαဲα αုိαာαα္ αီ α ီαံαိα္းαွာαါαα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ αျαား ေαααံ ျαα္αူαူαုေαြ α‘αုα္αံုးαဲα ေαြးေႏြးαိုα္αα္αာေαြ ေα့αာα α္းα α ္αာေαြ။ αိုαΏαီးαိေαာα္αဲ့ ေαြးေႏြးαႈေαြαဲα αီαα္αိုαΏαီး ေαာα္းαြα္αဲ့ α ံα်ိα္α ံႏႈα္းေαြαို αားαΏαီးေαာ့ αုα္αဲ့α‘ေαα‘αားααုαို α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘ေααဲα αိုα်α္αာေαါ့။
α¦းαα္းαြα္αြα္း ။ ။ Shwe Gas Movement αိုαေαααဲ့ ေαႊααာααါα္ေαြα αႈα္αွားαႈα‘αြဲααဲα αာαα္αံαα¦းျαα ္αူ α¦းαα္းေα‘ာα္ αို ေαြααံုေαးျαα္းαဲ့αာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
αႊα္း - αီြα‘ိုေα‘ α‘αံαႊα့္αာα (ျαα္αာαုိα္း) here
αာαα့္ αααα
αုႏွα
္αြα္ αααΌα α¦းαိα္းα
ိα္ α‘αားαူαြα္αွိေαΎαာα္း ျαα္αααα္းα်ားα ေαးαားေαာ္ျαေαα်ိα္ αု αααΌα αီααူα α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦းαα္း αာαူးαွ αုα္ααα္ ႏုα္αြα္αြားαα္αုိေαာ ေαာαာαα ααα္းα်ား αα္αုα္αΏαိဳααွိ ျαα္αူα်ားαΎαားႏွα့္ αူαႈαြα္αα္ facebook αြα္ α်ံαႏွံα ေααα္။
αααα αု αြα္αα‘αြα္းα α‘ေααိαα္ α‘αα္αႊα္ေαာ္α‘αα္ αြ်α္αα္αိα္းႏွα့္ ေαျαα္ေαာ္αြα္ေαြααုံα α₯္ ျαα္ေαြαααα့္ αု αααΌα α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း (αာα္αုံ - AP/straitstimes.com)
αααΌα၏ ႏုိα္αံေαးαာ α‘ααံေαးα‘αြဲααေαါα္းေαာα္ α¦းαုိαုိαႈိα္α α‘ေααိαα္α‘ေျαα ို္α္ α ီးαြားေαး ααα္းα ာ Bloomberg α‘ား αααα αုႏွα ္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲα‘αΏαီး αααΌα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္ ႏုိα္αံေαးαွ α‘αားαူαြα္αွိေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαုိαα့္ αα်ိα္αα္းαွာαα္ αု αααΌα αီααူα α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း αα္αα္း αာαူးαွ ႏုα္αြα္αြားေαΎαာα္း ေαာαာαα ααα္းα်ား αα္αုα္αြα္
α်ံαႏွံαα်α္ αွိαα္။
α§αာααီαွ α ုံα α္းαΎαα့္αာαြα္ α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း ႏုα္αြα္αα့္ ααα္းα‘ေαα α‘α ုိးαႏွα့္ αီးα α္αα့္ ααα္း αα္αြα္α်ားα α‘αα္ျαဳျαα္း ααွိေα။ αုိေαာ္ α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦းαွာ ααΎαာေαးαီα α α္αာαူαြα္ ေαးαုααႈαံαူαΏαီး ααုα‘αါ αα္αုα္αΏαိဳααုိα ျαα္αα္ေαာα္αွိေααΏαီ ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။ α်α္းαာေαးα‘ေျαα‘ေα α‘ေαးα ိα္αုိαူ αီးα α္αူα်ားα ေျαာαုိαုိျαα္းααွိေα။
α‘α ုိးαα‘αြဲαα‘αြα္း αေαာαား αα္းαာαူαု αူαိα်ားαα့္ α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း αα္ α¦းαိα္းα ိα္ α‘αါα‘αα္ αα္αေαာ္ αာαြα္ေαး α¦းα ီးα်ဳα္ αု αုိα္α်ဳα္αႉးααီး αα္းေα‘ာα္αႈိα္αုိαႏွα့္αα္း α‘ျαα္αူαီျαα္းααွိေαΎαာα္း α‘α ုိးαႏွα့္ αီးα α္αူα်ားα αုိ αα္။
αုိα္α်ဳα္ααီးေαာα္းαα¦းျαα ္αα့္ αီααူα α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦းαα္ α‘α ုိးααα ္αα္αα္ αα္αေαာ္αား αုိα္α ားαွα္ αα αာαုိα္ႏႈα္း၏ ေαာα္αံαႈျαα့္ αု αααΌαျαα ္αာαူαα¦းျαα ္αΏαီး α ီးαြားေαး αုα္αα္းαွα္ααီးα်ားျαα ္αα့္ ေα‘းαွားေαါα္ αုααΈαီ αုိα္αွα္ α αီαα္ေαာ(α) α¦းαြα္းျαα့္ႏုိα္၊ αα္α ္ျαα္αာ αုααΈαီαုိα္αွα္ α¦းေαာ္ေαာ္αုိαႏွα့္ αα္းႏွီးαူ αα¦းαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦းႏွα့္ααီး αααၤα္ ေααα ားေααα့္ αာα္αုံα်ား α§αΏαီα αα αα္αုα္ α‘α ုိးαααα္းα ာα်ားαြα္ ေαာα္αုံး ေαာ္ျα αဲ့αα္။
ααΎαာေαးαα္းααα္း αααΌα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္α ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးαြα္ α‘αα္αα‘αားျαα ္ေαေαာ α‘α ုိးαα‘αြဲααα္α်ားαုိ αα္αွားαΏαီး α‘α ုိးα α‘αြဲααα ္ ေျαာα္းαဲαြဲαα α္းေαာ့αα္ αုိေαာ ααα္းα်ား αြα္ေαααဲ့ေαးαα္။
α‘α ုိးαα‘αြဲααα ္ေျαာα္းαဲαာαြα္ αုα္αα္αံααα္αု αူα‘α်ား αα္ေαΎαးေαးေျαာαုိေααူα်ား α ာαα္းαြα္ αီααူα α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း၊ ျαα္αΎαားေαးαα္ααီး α¦းေα်ာ္αα္း၊ α‘αွα္ (α) αွ်α္α α ္ α ြα္းα‘α္αα္ααီး α¦းေαာ္αα္းαုိααါαα္αα္။
ααα္ေααα αုααααၢ ααာေαး၊ αိααΈံႏွα့္ αα₯္ေα်းαႈ α‘αြဲα(UNESCO)αုိαွ ααီးαႈα်α္းααα့္ ααα»ာ့ α ာαα္αα္း αြα္αα္αြα့္ေαα α‘αα္းα‘αားαြα္ αုံαွα္αα္ေαာα္ေααΎα ျαα္αΎαားေαးαα္ααီး α¦းေα်ာ္αα္း ααာေαာα္αဲ့αျαα့္ ေα့αာေα ာα့္αΎαα့္ αူα်ားα α¦းေα်ာ္αα္း၏ α‘ေαα‘αားαုိαα္း ေαးαြα္းαုα္ေααΎααα္။
αααα αု αြα္αα‘αြα္းα α‘ေααိαα္ α‘αα္αႊα္ေαာ္α‘αα္ αြ်α္αα္αိα္းႏွα့္ ေαျαα္ေαာ္αြα္ေαြααုံα α₯္ ျαα္ေαြαααα့္ αု αααΌα α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း (αာα္αုံ - AP/straitstimes.com)
αααΌα၏ ႏုိα္αံေαးαာ α‘ααံေαးα‘αြဲααေαါα္းေαာα္ α¦းαုိαုိαႈိα္α α‘ေααိαα္α‘ေျαα ို္α္ α ီးαြားေαး ααα္းα ာ Bloomberg α‘ား αααα αုႏွα ္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲα‘αΏαီး αααΌα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္ ႏုိα္αံေαးαွ α‘αားαူαြα္αွိေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαုိαα့္ αα်ိα္αα္းαွာαα္ αု αααΌα αီααူα α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း αα္αα္း αာαူးαွ ႏုα္αြα္αြားေαΎαာα္း ေαာαာαα ααα္းα်ား αα္αုα္αြα္
α်ံαႏွံαα်α္ αွိαα္။
α§αာααီαွ α ုံα α္းαΎαα့္αာαြα္ α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း ႏုα္αြα္αα့္ ααα္းα‘ေαα α‘α ုိးαႏွα့္ αီးα α္αα့္ ααα္း αα္αြα္α်ားα α‘αα္ျαဳျαα္း ααွိေα။ αုိေαာ္ α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦းαွာ ααΎαာေαးαီα α α္αာαူαြα္ ေαးαုααႈαံαူαΏαီး ααုα‘αါ αα္αုα္αΏαိဳααုိα ျαα္αα္ေαာα္αွိေααΏαီ ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။ α်α္းαာေαးα‘ေျαα‘ေα α‘ေαးα ိα္αုိαူ αီးα α္αူα်ားα ေျαာαုိαုိျαα္းααွိေα။
α‘α ုိးαα‘αြဲαα‘αြα္း αေαာαား αα္းαာαူαု αူαိα်ားαα့္ α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း αα္ α¦းαိα္းα ိα္ α‘αါα‘αα္ αα္αေαာ္ αာαြα္ေαး α¦းα ီးα်ဳα္ αု αုိα္α်ဳα္αႉးααီး αα္းေα‘ာα္αႈိα္αုိαႏွα့္αα္း α‘ျαα္αူαီျαα္းααွိေαΎαာα္း α‘α ုိးαႏွα့္ αီးα α္αူα်ားα αုိ αα္။
αုိα္α်ဳα္ααီးေαာα္းαα¦းျαα ္αα့္ αီααူα α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦းαα္ α‘α ုိးααα ္αα္αα္ αα္αေαာ္αား αုိα္α ားαွα္ αα αာαုိα္ႏႈα္း၏ ေαာα္αံαႈျαα့္ αု αααΌαျαα ္αာαူαα¦းျαα ္αΏαီး α ီးαြားေαး αုα္αα္းαွα္ααီးα်ားျαα ္αα့္ ေα‘းαွားေαါα္ αုααΈαီ αုိα္αွα္ α αီαα္ေαာ(α) α¦းαြα္းျαα့္ႏုိα္၊ αα္α ္ျαα္αာ αုααΈαီαုိα္αွα္ α¦းေαာ္ေαာ္αုိαႏွα့္ αα္းႏွီးαူ αα¦းαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦းႏွα့္ααီး αααၤα္ ေααα ားေααα့္ αာα္αုံα်ား α§αΏαီα αα αα္αုα္ α‘α ုိးαααα္းα ာα်ားαြα္ ေαာα္αုံး ေαာ္ျα αဲ့αα္။
ααΎαာေαးαα္းααα္း αααΌα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္α ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးαြα္ α‘αα္αα‘αားျαα ္ေαေαာ α‘α ုိးαα‘αြဲααα္α်ားαုိ αα္αွားαΏαီး α‘α ုိးα α‘αြဲααα ္ ေျαာα္းαဲαြဲαα α္းေαာ့αα္ αုိေαာ ααα္းα်ား αြα္ေαααဲ့ေαးαα္။
α‘α ုိးαα‘αြဲααα ္ေျαာα္းαဲαာαြα္ αုα္αα္αံααα္αု αူα‘α်ား αα္ေαΎαးေαးေျαာαုိေααူα်ား α ာαα္းαြα္ αီααူα α¦းαα္ေα‘ာα္ျαα့္α¦း၊ ျαα္αΎαားေαးαα္ααီး α¦းေα်ာ္αα္း၊ α‘αွα္ (α) αွ်α္α α ္ α ြα္းα‘α္αα္ααီး α¦းေαာ္αα္းαုိααါαα္αα္။
ααα္ေααα αုααααၢ ααာေαး၊ αိααΈံႏွα့္ αα₯္ေα်းαႈ α‘αြဲα(UNESCO)αုိαွ ααီးαႈα်α္းααα့္ ααα»ာ့ α ာαα္αα္း αြα္αα္αြα့္ေαα α‘αα္းα‘αားαြα္ αုံαွα္αα္ေαာα္ေααΎα ျαα္αΎαားေαးαα္ααီး α¦းေα်ာ္αα္း ααာေαာα္αဲ့αျαα့္ ေα့αာေα ာα့္αΎαα့္ αူα်ားα α¦းေα်ာ္αα္း၏ α‘ေαα‘αားαုိαα္း ေαးαြα္းαုα္ေααΎααα္။
Source : Irrawaddy
ေαα α αα္၊ αααααုႏွα ္-ေα်ာ္α ိုးαα္း (YPI)
αီαီαာα‘αီးαီးαွိ ααα္းေααျαα်α္α်ားαြα္ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α‘αွα္ααα္ α်ိဳးေαာα္αံαေαΎαာα္း αိုα္αံုα ြာ ေααျααားαါα αα္းααα္းαါαိα α₯α်ားႏွα့္αα္αα္αΏαီး ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘α်ိဳးαား αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαာ္ααွα္αွ αါαα္ေαာα္αြα္αα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ေαာ္ααွα္၏ α‘αြα္းေαးαွဴး α¦းα α ္αΏαိဳα္αေျαာαα္။
၎α ေαာ္ααွα္၏ αေαာαားαို α₯ααာေαး αွα္းျααာαြα္ “ α αံုးαံုးαိုα္ေααα αΏαဳα္α်αဲ့α‘αႈαိုαါေαာ့။ ျαဳα္α်αာα α ိα္αα္α ားαိုαေαာα္းαα္။ αိုαေαာ္ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α်ိဳးေαာα္αα္αိုαာα်ိဳး α‘α္αα္αိုααီαို αိုα္α ာαα္းေαာα္ααာαူး။ ααα္းαα္း ေαာα္ααာαူး။ αာααံαွα္αα္း αာααိုα္αူး။ ααα္αိုα ααα္းαွာαိုα α‘αΎαα္းαα္αိုα္αိုα၊ αာαိုααိုαα္ေαာ့ α‘α္αα္αိုααα္αွာေαါ့။ αီαီαာေαြαွာ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးα်ိဳးေαာα္ေαΎαာα္း αိုα္αံုαဲ့ααα္းαါαα္ αုα္αိုαααα္” αု ၎α ေျαာαα္။
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ α‘α်ိဳးαား αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαာ္ααွα္ α‘αြα္းေαးαွဴး α¦းα α ္αΏαိဳα္
αα္αα္αΏαီး α‘αြα္းေαးαွဴးα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ α‘α်ိဳးαားαူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαာ္ααွα္αိုα αုိα္αΎαားαိုαါα ေαာ္ααွα္α₯αၠαႏွα့္ α‘αြα္းေαးαွဴးαိုααံαိုα αိα္αူαΏαီး α‘ျαα ္α‘α်α္αွα္၊ α‘ေαာα္α‘αားα‘αွα္၊ αွα္αံုαα္αိαၱဴαိုαျαα့္ α ာαုိα္αွ αွα္αံုαα္α ာျαα့္ျαα ္ေα αူαိုα္αုိα္ျαα ္ေα αာေαာα္αိုα္αΎαားႏိုα္ေαΎαာα္း၊ αာααံαွα္ αိုα္αုိα္ααုα္ေαာ္αα္း αာααံαွα္αွ αႊဲα‘α္αားαူαα ္α¦းα¦းαွαα္း αာေαာα္αိုα္αΎαားႏိုα္ေαΎαာα္း YPI αိုαေျαာαα္။
αိုαေαာ္ αိုαုိααိုα္αΎαားαα့္ αိα α₯αα္α်ားα‘αα္ ααားαံုးαြα္ α α ္ေαးα်α္αွိေαာ αိα α₯αα္α်ားαို ေαာ္ααွα္αွ αα္ေαာα္ေαာα္αြα္ႏိုα္αα္ ααုα္ေαΎαာα္း ၎ααα္ေျαာαα္။
αα္းαိα α₯ႏွα့္αα္αα္αΏαီး αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး αာαြα္ျαွα့္αα္ေαးαြα္αα္α‘αြဲααα္αα ္α¦းျαα ္αα့္ α¦းေαာα္ေαာα္ေαးα “ ααα္ေαာ့ αိုα္αΎαားαားαဲ့αိα α₯၊ α α ္ေαးေααဲ့αိα α₯αို α‘ေαးααူαူးαိုαာ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး ေαΎαျαာα ာαα္းα α‘αိုα္ α αုိα္ေαာα္αို αα္αိုα္ααိုαဲ။ αူαိုα္းα α₯αေααဲ့α‘αံုးα‘ျαα္αို αီαူαီαွ် αံαူαြα့္αွိααα္။ ααုα္αα္ α‘αွα္ααားα ေα်ာα္αြα္αြားႏိုα္αα္” αုေျαာαα္။
α αα္αΎαာ α
α
္ေαးαံααα့္ေαာα္ α
αံုးαံုး αံုးα‘ေαααα္αွ ျαဳα္α်ေααံုးαဲ့ααα့္ ααα္းαိုးαα္း၊ αα္းαိုα α
α
္ေαးαံααႈαα္ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α်ိဳးေαါα္αႈ ααα္α‘ျαα
္ α‘α်ိဳαααႈျαα္αွ်α္αွိαΎααα္။ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ α‘α်ိဳးαားαူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαာ္ααွα္αို αααα αုႏွα ္α α္αα္αာααြα္ αααΌαα‘αိα္αျαα့္ α αα္ αြဲαα α္းαဲ့αα္။
α αα္αြဲαα α္းα်ိα္αွ ααုα‘αိ αိုα္αΎαားα ာေαါα္း αααα αႈαα္αံααွိαာ αααα αႈαို α ိα α ္αΏαီးျαα ္αα္αု ေαာ္ααွα္၏ ေျαာαိုα်α္α‘α αိαွိααα္။
α‘α်ိဳးαား αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး ေαာ္ααွα္ႏွα့္αα္αα္၍ α‘α ိုးαႏွα့္ αီးျαားαြα္αα္αα့္ α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းααုα္ αိုαα့္ ေααα္α်α္α်ား αွိေααα့္αိုα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαြα္ ႏွα ္ေαါα္း α်ားα ြာα‘αြα္း ααααံုး ေαααြα္αာαα့္ α‘α်ိဳးαား αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαာ္ααွα္ ααα္ျαα ္αα္။ ။
Source :Yangon Press International
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးေαြαို αူαီαဲ့α‘ေααဲα α်αွα္αားαဲ့ α ီးαြားေαးαိα္αိုααႈ α‘ားαံုးαို ျαα္αα္αုα္αိα္းαိုα αီαိုααα္ αႊα္ေαာ္α‘αα္ Mr. Jim Webb αဲα αီαါααီαα္ αႊα္ေαာ္α‘αα္ Mr. James Inhofe αိုαα ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီး αီαာαီ ααα္αα္αီαို ေαာαΎαာေααα α ာေαးαား ေαာα္းαိုαဲ့αΎααါαα္။
RFA
αααα αုႏွα ္ α§ျαီα αα αα္α αα္αုα္ျαိဳα၊ α‘ေααိαα္αံαံုးαြα္ αα α₯αာα်α္α္αα္α္ ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαြဲ ျαဳαုα္ေαα α₯္။
αိα္αိုααႈေαြαို ααα‘αိုα္ αα ္αုα်α္းα ီ αုα္αိα္းαဲ့αα္းαာ ေααံαို αုα္αα္းα်ိဳးα‘ေαα αα္αα္ αα္ααα္αားαာ ေαာα္αဲ့α‘αြα္ α‘ိုαားαားα‘α ိုးαα‘αိုα αုα္αα္α‘αွားαα ္αု ျαα ္αါαိα့္αα္αိုα ေျαာαိုαါαα္။
ျαα္αာျαα္ αΎαားျαα္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲα‘ျαီး α‘ေααိαα္α‘α ိုးαα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေαα αိα္αိုααႈαα်ိဳααို αာαီαိုα္းαံ့αိုα္αါαα္။ αါေααဲ့ αုα္αြα္ေαးαဲα αα်ိဳαα‘αူα‘αီေαြαိုေαာ့ αα္αα္αိα္αိုααားαါαα္။ α₯ေαာααααၢ α‘ီးαူαေαာ့ αα္αα္ α‘ေαာα္းα‘αα္ααြဲျαီး α်α္αဲ့ α ီးαြားေαးαိα္αိုααႈ α‘ားαံုးαို αာαီαိုα္းαံ့ေαးαဲ့αါαα္။
αααΌα α‘ိုαားαားα‘ေααဲα αႊα္ေαာ္α αေαာαူα αာααိုαဲ α‘αိαα်αဲ့ αိα္αိုααႈေαြαို ျαα္αα္ αုα္αိα္းႏိုα္αဲ့ α ီαα္αံုးျαα္αြα့္ α‘ာαာαွိαါαα္။ α ီးαြားေαး αိα္αိုααႈေαြαို ျαα္αုα္αာαာ α‘ေαာα္းαံုး αုα္αα္ျαα ္αါαα္။ αααΌαα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αုα္αိုα α‘α်ိα္αα္αါျαီαိုα Mr. Jim Webb α ေျαာαိုαါαα္။
αါေααဲ့ α‘αα္ ျαα္αာα α ္α‘α ိုးααα္αα္α αာαα္α်α္αွိαူေαြαိုေαာ့ αိα္αိုααဲ့ α ာαα္းαဲ αα္αα္ αားαွိႏိုα္ေαΎαာα္းαα္း ေျαာαါαα္။ α‘ေααိαα္ αုα္αα္ααီးα်ား α‘αα္းααα္း α‘αားαူ α‘αိုα်ိဳး αα္ျααားαာαါ။ α‘ေααိαα္αုα္αα္းေαြαာ αြα့္αα္းαာαဲ့ ျαα္αာျαα္αွာ α‘ာαွαဲα α₯ေαာααို ααွα₯္ႏိုα္αဲ ေαာα္α်α်α္αဲ့αွာαို α ိုးαိα္ေααါαα္။
αါေααဲ့ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးα‘αြဲαေαြαဲα ျαα္αာ့αီαိုαေαα ီေαး αα္αΎαြαႈα္αွားαူေαြαေαာ့ αα္αွိ α‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲေαြαာ ေα‘ာα္ေျα ျαα္αူ α‘α်ားα ုααီးαီαို αေαာα္αေαာα္ျαα ္ေαျαီး ႏိုα္αံျαား αα္းႏွီးျαႈဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြαာαα္း α α ္αα္αဲα α‘ေαါα္းαါေαြ α‘αြα္αဲ α‘α်ိဳးα‘ျαα္αွိαွာ ျαα ္αα္αိုα αိုαΎααါαα္။
Source :RFA-Burmese
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ၏ αα္αα္ αα္αူαႈ ααာααα္ αααα αုႏွα ္αွ αααα αုႏွα ္ α‘αိ α α ္αα္း ေαာα္α်α္α်ား α‘α αα္αူαႈ α‘α္α‘ား α‘α်ားαံုးျαα ္αာ ααα»ာ့ αိα္αα္း αα္αα္ αα္αူαα့္ ႏိုα္αံ αα ္αု α‘ျαα ္ Oxfam Aid Agency αွ αုα္ျαα္αα့္ 'The Devil is in the Detail' α‘α ီαံα ာ αα ္αα္၌ ေαာ္ျα αားαါαα္။ α‘αားαူ αα္αα္ ေαာα္းαα္ αα္αြα္း αႈαို αိα္αα္ αားျαα ္ αားαα့္ ႏိုα္αံα်ားαွ ααားααα္ αα္αα္ αα္αူαႈ ααာααα္ α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာ 2.2 αီα်ံαွိေαΎαာα္း ααα္ေααα Oxfam α‘αြဲααွ αုα္ျαα္αα့္ α‘α ီαα္ αံα ာ၌ ေαာ္ျα αားαါαα္။
“αα ္αီး ααံျαα ္αဲ့ αွα္ေα်ာαီး ေαာα္းαα္ ေαာα္αားαႈαာ αα္αα္ ေαာα္းαα္ ေαာα္αား αႈαα္αို αα္းα်α္ ေααာ ေαြαေαααα္၊ αါαာ α‘αိααΈါα္ ααွိαဲ့ αုα္αα္αါ။ αွိαΏαီးαား α α ္αα္αα္αα α₯α္း αα္αိုααႈ αိα္αα္ αားαဲ့ αေαာαူ α ာα်ဳα္αို α်ိဳးေαာα္αΏαီး αα္αိုα္αာ ႏိုα္αံေαြαေα α α ္αα္αα္ αα α₯α္းေαြαို ααိဳα္ααို ေαြးα်α္ αα္αူ ေααΎααာαို ေαြαααα္၊ αါααα္း ႏိုα္αံααာαဲ့ ေα့αာ ေα ာα့္αΎαα့္αႈαဲα α‘ေαးαူαႈေαြ ေα်ာ့αဲ ေααဲ့α‘ေαααို α‘αြα့္ေαာα္း αူαΏαီး αုα္ေαာα္ ေαျαα္းαဲ ျαα ္αါαα္၊” αု Oxfam α‘αြဲααွ ααားααα္ α α ္αα္αα္ αα α₯α္း αα္αိုααႈ αα္αိုα္းေαး αႈံေαာ္αူ Anna Macdonald α ေျαာαΎαား αြားαါαα္။
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ၏ αα္αα္ αα္αူαႈ ααာααα္ αααα αုႏွα ္αွ αααα αုႏွα ္α‘αိ α α ္αα္းα်ားα‘α α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာ ααα αီα်ံαွိαΏαီး ααα»ာ့ႏိုα္αံα်ားαွ αα္αα္αα္αူαႈ ααာα၏ αိα္αα္းα ာαα္းαα္ ျαα ္αါαα္။ αုαိα α‘ျαα ္ α‘ီαα္αွ αွ်α္းαွ် α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာ α αα αီα်ံ αို αααα αုႏွα ္αွ αααα αုႏွα ္α‘αြα္း αα္αူαဲ့αΏαီး ααိα α‘ေαျαα့္ αြα္αို αီαိုααα္αα ္ αααΌα ႏိုα္αံαွ α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာ ααα αီα်ံαို αααα αုႏွα ္αွ αααα αုႏွα ္α‘αြα္း αα္αူαဲ့ေαΎαာα္း α‘α ီαα္αံα ာ၌ ေαာ္ျααါαွိαါαα္။
αါα္αံုα‘ၫႊα္း - ျαα္αာ့αα္αေαာ္αွ α‘ေျαာα္ααီးα်ားα‘ား αα္αူαိုαေαာα္αာαြα္
α‘αံုးျαဳေαာ ααုα္αိုα္αံαုα္ Shaanqi SX2190 αာα₯္ααီးα်ားαံု (αါα္αံု - http://mmmilitary.blogspot.com)
αုααααၢαွ α α ္αα္αα္ αα α₯α္း αုα္αြα္αႈ αေαာαူ α ာα်ဳα္αα ္ ျαα္αα္ α်ဳα္αိုႏိုα္ေαးα‘αြα္ ေαြးေႏြးαြဲ αα ္αα္αို αူαိုα္αα‘αြα္း ျαဳαုα္αြα္αွိ၍ α ာα်ဳα္αα္ αα္αံα်ဳα္αိုαα္αွိေαΎαာα္း αိαွိααါαα္။
“α‘αိα α ိα္ေαααႈေαြαေαာ့ α α ္αα္αα္αα α₯α္း αုα္αြα္αြα့္ αိα္αα္αားαဲ့ ႏိုα္αံေαြα αα္αα္ αα္αူ α ုေαာα္းαႈαဲα αα္αα္αိုα αα္αွα္ ေαးαိုးαα့္ α ာα်ဳα ္α‘αα ္αွာαါ αေαာαူαီα်α ္ေαြα‘αိုα္း αိαိα်α် αိုα္αာေα‘ာα္ αုα္ေαာα္αိုα αိုαါαα္၊ α α ္αα္αα္αα α₯α္း αα္αိုα ေαာα္းαα္αႈαို ααα»ာ့ ေαာα္α ာαီ ျαααာ ျαα ္ေααဲ့ ႏိုα္αံေαြαဲα αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαြαို αိုးαိုးαါးαါး α်ိဳးေαာα္ေααဲ့ ႏိုα္αံေαြ α‘ေαα αα္αိုαေααႈေαြαို ျαα္ျαα္αားαား α‘ေαးαူααါαα္” αု Oxfam α‘αြဲααွ ααားααα္ α α ္αα္αα္αα α₯α္း αα္αိုααႈ αα္αိုα္းေαး αႈံေαာ္αူ Anna Macdonald α ေျαာαΎαားαြားαါαα္။
αါα္αံုα‘ၫႊα္း - ျαα္αာ့ေααα္αွိ αံုးαα္ααီးαိα္ "ေα‘ာα္ေαα်" ေαα္αွီ
α α ္ေααာα₯္αံု (αါα္αံု - http://mmmilitary.blogspot.com)
“αα္αα္ αα္αူαိုα αိα္αα္ αားေααα့္ αိα္αα္αားαဲ့ ႏိုα္αံေαြαဲ့ αα္αα္ αα္αူαႈ ααာααာ ေαΎαာα္ααα္း αိαိαို αိုးαα္ αာေααာαို αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုα ေαြαေαααα္” αု αူαားα်α္း α‘αူα‘αီ ေαးေαး α‘αြဲαα်ားαွ ေျαာαΎαား αိုα္αါαα္။
αူαားα်α္း α‘αူα‘αီေαးေαး α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းα်ားαွ α‘αα ္αα္αံ α်ဳα္αိုαα့္ α α ္αα္αα္ αα α₯α္း αα္αိုααႈ αα္ααα္ေαး αေαာαူ α ာα်ဳα္αြα္ αိα္αα္ႏိုα္αံα်ားαိုα α α ္αα္αα္αα α₯α္း αα္αိုααႈαို αိαိα်α် αိα္αα္αားျαα ္αα္ α‘αိုျαဳ αားαါαα္။ ႏိုα္αံααာ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α‘αြဲαα်ား၏ αံုးαα္α်α္α်ားα‘α α‘αိုαါ ႏိုα္αံα်ားαα့္ ααα»ာ့ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α်ိဳးေαာα္αႈ α‘α်ားαံုး ျαα ္ေααေααα့္ ႏိုα္αံα်ားαα္း ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္းαα္း αံုးαα္ ေαာ္ျααားαါαα္။
αΏαα္αာျαα္ αα္αွိα‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီး α‘ေαာ္α်ားα်ားα ေαာေαာαα္αွာ α
ိα္αႈα္αွားα
αာ ျαα
္ေααΎα ေααα့္ ααα္αα္းေျαာααα္ α‘ေျαα‘ေαα α
ိα္α်α္α
αာ α‘ေျαα‘ေαααုαါαဲ။α‘αုαိုαα္αα
ံုαံုးα‘ေαα‘αားαိုαာαααဲα‘ေαးα
ိα္αိုαါ ေα့αာေαးαားαα္ျααိုα αိုαိုαေαာα္ α‘ေαးααီးαါαα္။
αΏαα္αာαααΌα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္ႏွα့္ ေαြααံုေαေαာ ျαိαိα္αα္αΎαီးα်ဳα္ ေαးαα ္αα္ααြα္း (αာα္αံု - Getty Images)
“α‘αα္းαွα္α αα ္αဲα αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ” αိုα α်α ေαααိုαဲ့ ααာαွα္ေαြ၊ αံααα္ေαြ၊ αြံααΏαိဳးေαးα‘αူα‘αီαိုα္αာ αα½ြα္းα်α္αူေαြ၊ ႏိုα္αံααာ ေα‘α်α္α ီေαြα αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ၊ αα္းႏွီးျαႈα္ႏွံαူေαြ၊ α ီးαြားေαးαုα္αα္းαွα္ေαြαဲα α‘αူα‘αီαဲα αြံααΏαိဳးေαးαဲα αီαိုαေαα ီα‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲαိုαဲ့ αုαားေαြေα‘ာα္αွာ ျαα္αာျαα္αဲα ျαα္αူေαြαာ αားျααိုα္ ေαာα္းα ားαံေααΎαααါαα္။
α‘αုαိုαα္ ျαα္αာျαα္ “α‘αα္αား” α‘α ိုးααာ ႏိုα္αံαဲα ႂαြα္αα်α္းαာαႈေαြα‘ေαααွာαာ α‘ျαα္αုα္αိုα α ိα္αα္ α ားေααူ α‘ေαာ္α်ားα်ားαဲα ေαာα္αံαႈαို αေααါαα္။ α₯ααာ αΏαိαိα္αα္ααီးα်ဳα္ ေαးαα ္ αα္ααြα္ (David Cameron) αိုαα္ ျαα္αာျαα္ α‘αα္α‘αα္ααီးα α₯္αွာ α ီးαြားေαးαုα္αα္းαွα္ αα ေαာα္ ေαααြားαါαα္။ αΏαိαိα္α‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာျαα္α‘ေαα α ီးαြားေαးα‘α αα်ဳိααα္αα္α‘ေαးαူαႈေαြ αα္αုα္αားαဲျαα ္αာαိုα α‘ဲ့αီα ီးαြားေαးααားေαြαို αူα ααီးαြားα§α့္αα္αို ေαααြားαါαα္။
ျαα္αာႏိုုα္αံαို αိα္αα္းαဲαဲ့ ႏိုα္αံααုαာ αြံααΏαိဳးေαးα‘αူα‘αီေαြ αိုααာαα္ αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαိုα်ိဳး α‘α်ိဳးαွိႏိုα္ αα္αိုα α‘αိုα္α‘αာေျαာαိုေααာေαြαα္း αွိαါαα္။ ေျαာααα္ αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαွာ αααα‘ααိα္ α‘ေαြေαြေαြး ေαာα္αြဲα်α္းααဲ့ αααα αုႏွα ္αα αိုα α‘ဲ့αီႏိုα္αံα‘αြα္ αြံααΏαိဳးေαးα‘αူα‘αီ ေαααာ αα္း α ေαာα္ေα်ာ္αို ααားαα္ α‘αူα‘αီေαးαူေαြαဲα αူαူα‘ေျαျαဳαူαα‘αြဲαα‘α α္း αာေαါα္းα်ားα ြာαီ ေαးα‘α္αဲ့αါαα္။ αါေααα့္ ααα္αိုα‘α္ေααဲ့ αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαားေαြαေαာ့ αီα‘αူα‘αီေαြαို α‘αိα αα္αံααွိαူေαြ ααုα္αΎαေαးαါαူး။ α‘α ိုးα α‘αာαွိေαြ၊ ႏိုα္αံααာα αα½ြα္းα်α္αူေαြ αဲα α‘ααံေαးေαြαဲ αျαα္းျαα္း ႂαြα္αα်α္းαာαာαΎααာαါ။αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαွာαြံααΏαိဳးေαးαုα္αူေαြα ေျααိα္းαာေαြ α α္αုα္αြα္ေαာα္းေαာα္ေα‘ာα္αိုαα္αα္ ျαα ္αြားေααဲ ျαα ္αါαα္။ ျαα္αာျαα္αွာαိုαဲ ျαα္αူေαြ αူαိုα ေျαေαααေα ေαႊαေျαာα္းαံααΏαီး α‘ဲ့αီα‘αြα္ ααား αွ်ααႈျαα ္ေα αိုααα္း αာα‘αူα‘αီαွ αααါαူး။ αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαာ α‘αုα‘α်ိα္αွာ αီαိုαေαα ီႏိုα္αံααုαိုα αα္αေααα့္ αααα αုႏွα ္ααα္းα α‘ာαာααာαဲ့ αα္ααီးα်ဳα္αြα္αα္ααဲ αα္αα္α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေααဲ ျαα ္αါαα္။
ႏိုα္αံျαား α‘αူα‘αီα ႏိုα္αံααုα‘αြα္ α‘ေျαααုα္αါαူး။ αိုα‘α္αာα ႏိုα္αံαα္ေαာα္αာαွာ αူα‘αα္းααဲ ေαာα္αြα္αာα်ိဳး ααုα္αဲ့ ႏိုα္αံαားေαြαဲα α α ္αွα္αဲ့αါαα္ေαာα္αြα္αႈျαα ္αါαα္။ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ ႏိုα္αံαားေαြ αီα‘αြα့္α‘αα္း ααွိေαးαါαူး။
αα αာα ုαဲα αα αာα ုαွာ α‘αα္းαွα္ေαြ၊ α ီးαြားေαးααားေαြαဲα αုα္αြα္ေαးαုααΈαီααီးေαြα αΏαိαိαွ်αိုαိုαီαα္α်ဲα ေαြ αα္ေαာα္α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ႏိုα္αိုα ααα»ာααီးαို αα္းαြα့္ေαးαဲ့αါαα္။ Hudson Bay αုααΈαီαာ αေααါ αိုαီαီαံႏိုα္αံ (Dominion of Canada) αျαα ္αα္ αေααါႏိုα္αံαဲα α‘α ိိα္α‘αိုα္းα‘α်ားα ုαို α‘ုα္α ုိးαူျαα ္αာαဲ့αα္။ αုα္αီαွား (Rhodesia) αိုαဲ့ ႏိုα္αံαα္ေαးျαα ္αာαိုαα‘αြα္ α‘αၤαα္αြား ေαာα္α‘ာααိα α ီးαြားေαးααား α ီα α္ αုα္ (Cecil Rhodes) αို αΏαိαိαွ် ေαာα္α‘ာααိα αုααΈαီ (British South Africa Company) α α‘ာαာေαးαဲ့αα္ (αုα္ ααာαα္αုေαြ ေαးေααဲျαα ္αα္)။ αΏαီးေαာ့ α‘ေαွαα‘ိႏိα΅α αုααΈαီ (East India Company) α αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးα α‘αြα္ α‘ိႏိα΅α αဲα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαြαို αα္းαြα့္ေαးαဲ့αါαα္။ ျαα္αာαုαα္α α‘ေαွαα‘ိႏိα΅α αုααΈαီαဲα ေαာα္းαို α်α္ေαြαို αိုα္ေα်ာαိုα ျαα္းαα္αဲ့α‘αါαွာ αုααΈαီα αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးααီαေα α‘αူα‘αီေαာα္းαံαဲ့αါαα္။ ေαာα္αံုးαွာ αΏαိαိα္α ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαို α α ္ေαΎαျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
α‘ေαာα္ႏိုα္αံေαြαာ α‘αုαိုαα္ αူαိုα ေαာ္αိုေαးαွα္းေαြα‘αြα္ ေα ်းαြα္α‘αα ္ေαြαြα့္αာေα‘ာα္ αြα္းα‘ား ေαးေααΎααါαα္။ αူαိုαα ေα ်းαြα္αဲα α‘ေႂαြးαို α ီးαြားေαးαိα α₯ေαြαဲ ေျαာαိုαΎααΏαီး α်α္းαာေαး၊ ααာေαး၊ ေααေαα αါαွααုα္ αူαα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းα‘αြα္ α‘α်ိဳးαွိေα αα့္αိα α₯ေαြαိုေαာ့ αေျαာαိုαΎααါαူး။
ျαα္αာ “α‘αα္αားα‘α ိုးα” αဲα αီαိုαေαα ီαα္းα် ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြαို αုα်ီးျαα့္αဲ့α‘ေααဲα α₯ေαာααααၢα‘αြဲααα္ α‘α ိုးαေαြ၊ ေαာ္ေαး၊ αေααါ၊ α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαဲα αΎαα ေαΎαးα်α‘α ိုးαေαြα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေαααားαဲ့ αα္αα္α‘ေαးαူαႈ α‘α်ားα ုαို αိုα္းαံ့αားαိုα္αါαα္။ αΎαα ေαΎαးα်α‘α ိုးααေαာ့ ျαα္αာျαα္αွာ αူαႏုိα္αံα αုααΈαီေαြ αα္းႏွီးျαႈα္ႏွံαႈαုα္αဲ့α‘ေαα αα္αုα္းααွ αိα္αိုααႈααုα္αဲ့αါαူး။
αΎαα ေαΎαးα်၊ ျαα္αα ္၊ α‘ေααိαα္၊ αိုα္း၊ ααုα္၊ α‘ိႏိα΅α၊ αုαွαဲα αေαးαွားႏိုα္αံေαြα ေααံαဲα ααာααာα္ေαြα αုααΈαီေαြαာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ αα္αွိαုα္αα္းαα္αα္ေααဲ ျαα ္αါαα္။ ေααံαဲα ααာααာα္ေαြα αα္αိုααႈေαြαာ ျαα္αာေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြαဲα α‘ααီးαားαံုးαα္ေαြααာ αα္းျαα ္ေαြαါ။ α‘ဲ့αီαα္αိုααႈေαြαေα αααα-αααα ααာ ေαးႏွα ္αွာ ေαααာ αα္း α ေαာα္αီးαါး αα္ေαြααဲ့αါαα္။ ႏိုα္αံα αီαို ααာαααံαာαေαြαဲα ႂαြα္αေαေα αα့္ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္α ုႏွα ္ေαြα‘αြα္း ေααံαဲα ααာααာα္ေαြααααဲ့ α‘αြα္ααာေαြαာ α်α ားေααဲ့ αိုα္α်ဳα္ααီး αα်ဳိααဲα α‘ိα္αα္αဲαုိαဲ ေαာα္αြားαဲ့αΎααာျαα ္αါαα္။
αါေαΎαာα့္ ျαα္αာျαα္αိုα‘ေျαးα‘αႊားαြားαα့္α‘ေαာα္ႏိုα္αံေαြαဲααုα္αα္ေαြα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲαွာαα္ αွိျαα ္ေααဲ့ αα္းαာαႈေαြ၊ αူαႈαα္αံေαး ေαြαဲα ျαα္αူေαြαဲααααို αα္αိုαိαိုα္ေα ααဲαိုαဲ့ α‘αွα္ααားαို α်ααိုα ေα့αာαိုα αိုαα္αိုα ေျαာα်α္αါαα္။
(αα္αα္αုα္ The Independent ααα္းα ာαဲ့ α‘ြα္αိုα္းαေαာ့α္αြα္ Nancy Hunson-Rodd ေαးαားαားေαာ What is Really Happening in Burma Today αို αီေα်ာ္ေα‘ာα္ ျαα္αို ေαာ္ျααါ αα္။ ေαါα္αာ αα္α ီαာ αΎαα ေαΎαးα်ႏိုα္αံα‘ေαာα္αိုα္း Edith Cowan ααၠαိုα္αွာ αုα္αူးေαာα္ α‘αα္αα္း αုေααီα‘ျαα ္ ေαာα္αြα္ေααါαα္။)Sources:
αΏαα္αာαααΌα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္ႏွα့္ ေαြααံုေαေαာ ျαိαိα္αα္αΎαီးα်ဳα္ ေαးαα ္αα္ααြα္း (αာα္αံု - Getty Images)
“α‘αα္းαွα္α αα ္αဲα αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ” αိုα α်α ေαααိုαဲ့ ααာαွα္ေαြ၊ αံααα္ေαြ၊ αြံααΏαိဳးေαးα‘αူα‘αီαိုα္αာ αα½ြα္းα်α္αူေαြ၊ ႏိုα္αံααာ ေα‘α်α္α ီေαြα αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ၊ αα္းႏွီးျαႈα္ႏွံαူေαြ၊ α ီးαြားေαးαုα္αα္းαွα္ေαြαဲα α‘αူα‘αီαဲα αြံααΏαိဳးေαးαဲα αီαိုαေαα ီα‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲαိုαဲ့ αုαားေαြေα‘ာα္αွာ ျαα္αာျαα္αဲα ျαα္αူေαြαာ αားျααိုα္ ေαာα္းα ားαံေααΎαααါαα္။
α‘αုαိုαα္ ျαα္αာျαα္ “α‘αα္αား” α‘α ိုးααာ ႏိုα္αံαဲα ႂαြα္αα်α္းαာαႈေαြα‘ေαααွာαာ α‘ျαα္αုα္αိုα α ိα္αα္ α ားေααူ α‘ေαာ္α်ားα်ားαဲα ေαာα္αံαႈαို αေααါαα္။ α₯ααာ αΏαိαိα္αα္ααီးα်ဳα္ ေαးαα ္ αα္ααြα္ (David Cameron) αိုαα္ ျαα္αာျαα္ α‘αα္α‘αα္ααီးα α₯္αွာ α ီးαြားေαးαုα္αα္းαွα္ αα ေαာα္ ေαααြားαါαα္။ αΏαိαိα္α‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာျαα္α‘ေαα α ီးαြားေαးα‘α αα်ဳိααα္αα္α‘ေαးαူαႈေαြ αα္αုα္αားαဲျαα ္αာαိုα α‘ဲ့αီα ီးαြားေαးααားေαြαို αူα ααီးαြားα§α့္αα္αို ေαααြားαါαα္။
ျαα္αာႏိုုα္αံαို αိα္αα္းαဲαဲ့ ႏိုα္αံααုαာ αြံααΏαိဳးေαးα‘αူα‘αီေαြ αိုααာαα္ αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαိုα်ိဳး α‘α်ိဳးαွိႏိုα္ αα္αိုα α‘αိုα္α‘αာေျαာαိုေααာေαြαα္း αွိαါαα္။ ေျαာααα္ αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαွာ αααα‘ααိα္ α‘ေαြေαြေαြး ေαာα္αြဲα်α္းααဲ့ αααα αုႏွα ္αα αိုα α‘ဲ့αီႏိုα္αံα‘αြα္ αြံααΏαိဳးေαးα‘αူα‘αီ ေαααာ αα္း α ေαာα္ေα်ာ္αို ααားαα္ α‘αူα‘αီေαးαူေαြαဲα αူαူα‘ေျαျαဳαူαα‘αြဲαα‘α α္း αာေαါα္းα်ားα ြာαီ ေαးα‘α္αဲ့αါαα္။ αါေααα့္ ααα္αိုα‘α္ေααဲ့ αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαားေαြαေαာ့ αီα‘αူα‘αီေαြαို α‘αိα αα္αံααွိαူေαြ ααုα္αΎαေαးαါαူး။ α‘α ိုးα α‘αာαွိေαြ၊ ႏိုα္αံααာα αα½ြα္းα်α္αူေαြ αဲα α‘ααံေαးေαြαဲ αျαα္းျαα္း ႂαြα္αα်α္းαာαာαΎααာαါ။αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαွာαြံααΏαိဳးေαးαုα္αူေαြα ေျααိα္းαာေαြ α α္αုα္αြα္ေαာα္းေαာα္ေα‘ာα္αိုαα္αα္ ျαα ္αြားေααဲ ျαα ္αါαα္။ ျαα္αာျαα္αွာαိုαဲ ျαα္αူေαြ αူαိုα ေျαေαααေα ေαႊαေျαာα္းαံααΏαီး α‘ဲ့αီα‘αြα္ ααား αွ်ααႈျαα ္ေα αိုααα္း αာα‘αူα‘αီαွ αααါαူး။ αေαα»ာαီးαားႏိုα္αံαာ α‘αုα‘α်ိα္αွာ αီαိုαေαα ီႏိုα္αံααုαိုα αα္αေααα့္ αααα αုႏွα ္ααα္းα α‘ာαာααာαဲ့ αα္ααီးα်ဳα္αြα္αα္ααဲ αα္αα္α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေααဲ ျαα ္αါαα္။
ႏိုα္αံျαား α‘αူα‘αီα ႏိုα္αံααုα‘αြα္ α‘ေျαααုα္αါαူး။ αိုα‘α္αာα ႏိုα္αံαα္ေαာα္αာαွာ αူα‘αα္းααဲ ေαာα္αြα္αာα်ိဳး ααုα္αဲ့ ႏိုα္αံαားေαြαဲα α α ္αွα္αဲ့αါαα္ေαာα္αြα္αႈျαα ္αါαα္။ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ ႏိုα္αံαားေαြ αီα‘αြα့္α‘αα္း ααွိေαးαါαူး။
αα αာα ုαဲα αα αာα ုαွာ α‘αα္းαွα္ေαြ၊ α ီးαြားေαးααားေαြαဲα αုα္αြα္ေαးαုααΈαီααီးေαြα αΏαိαိαွ်αိုαိုαီαα္α်ဲα ေαြ αα္ေαာα္α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ႏိုα္αိုα ααα»ာααီးαို αα္းαြα့္ေαးαဲ့αါαα္။ Hudson Bay αုααΈαီαာ αေααါ αိုαီαီαံႏိုα္αံ (Dominion of Canada) αျαα ္αα္ αေααါႏိုα္αံαဲα α‘α ိိα္α‘αိုα္းα‘α်ားα ုαို α‘ုα္α ုိးαူျαα ္αာαဲ့αα္။ αုα္αီαွား (Rhodesia) αိုαဲ့ ႏိုα္αံαα္ေαးျαα ္αာαိုαα‘αြα္ α‘αၤαα္αြား ေαာα္α‘ာααိα α ီးαြားေαးααား α ီα α္ αုα္ (Cecil Rhodes) αို αΏαိαိαွ် ေαာα္α‘ာααိα αုααΈαီ (British South Africa Company) α α‘ာαာေαးαဲ့αα္ (αုα္ ααာαα္αုေαြ ေαးေααဲျαα ္αα္)။ αΏαီးေαာ့ α‘ေαွαα‘ိႏိα΅α αုααΈαီ (East India Company) α αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးα α‘αြα္ α‘ိႏိα΅α αဲα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαြαို αα္းαြα့္ေαးαဲ့αါαα္။ ျαα္αာαုαα္α α‘ေαွαα‘ိႏိα΅α αုααΈαီαဲα ေαာα္းαို α်α္ေαြαို αိုα္ေα်ာαိုα ျαα္းαα္αဲ့α‘αါαွာ αုααΈαီα αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးααီαေα α‘αူα‘αီေαာα္းαံαဲ့αါαα္။ ေαာα္αံုးαွာ αΏαိαိα္α ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαို α α ္ေαΎαျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
α‘ေαာα္ႏိုα္αံေαြαာ α‘αုαိုαα္ αူαိုα ေαာ္αိုေαးαွα္းေαြα‘αြα္ ေα ်းαြα္α‘αα ္ေαြαြα့္αာေα‘ာα္ αြα္းα‘ား ေαးေααΎααါαα္။ αူαိုαα ေα ်းαြα္αဲα α‘ေႂαြးαို α ီးαြားေαးαိα α₯ေαြαဲ ေျαာαိုαΎααΏαီး α်α္းαာေαး၊ ααာေαး၊ ေααေαα αါαွααုα္ αူαα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းα‘αြα္ α‘α်ိဳးαွိေα αα့္αိα α₯ေαြαိုေαာ့ αေျαာαိုαΎααါαူး။
ျαα္αာ “α‘αα္αားα‘α ိုးα” αဲα αီαိုαေαα ီαα္းα် ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြαို αုα်ီးျαα့္αဲ့α‘ေααဲα α₯ေαာααααၢα‘αြဲααα္ α‘α ိုးαေαြ၊ ေαာ္ေαး၊ αေααါ၊ α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαဲα αΎαα ေαΎαးα်α‘α ိုးαေαြα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေαααားαဲ့ αα္αα္α‘ေαးαူαႈ α‘α်ားα ုαို αိုα္းαံ့αားαိုα္αါαα္။ αΎαα ေαΎαးα်α‘α ိုးααေαာ့ ျαα္αာျαα္αွာ αူαႏုိα္αံα αုααΈαီေαြ αα္းႏွီးျαႈα္ႏွံαႈαုα္αဲ့α‘ေαα αα္αုα္းααွ αိα္αိုααႈααုα္αဲ့αါαူး။
αΎαα ေαΎαးα်၊ ျαα္αα ္၊ α‘ေααိαα္၊ αိုα္း၊ ααုα္၊ α‘ိႏိα΅α၊ αုαွαဲα αေαးαွားႏိုα္αံေαြα ေααံαဲα ααာααာα္ေαြα αုααΈαီေαြαာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ αα္αွိαုα္αα္းαα္αα္ေααဲ ျαα ္αါαα္။ ေααံαဲα ααာααာα္ေαြα αα္αိုααႈေαြαာ ျαα္αာေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြαဲα α‘ααီးαားαံုးαα္ေαြααာ αα္းျαα ္ေαြαါ။ α‘ဲ့αီαα္αိုααႈေαြαေα αααα-αααα ααာ ေαးႏွα ္αွာ ေαααာ αα္း α ေαာα္αီးαါး αα္ေαြααဲ့αါαα္။ ႏိုα္αံα αီαို ααာαααံαာαေαြαဲα ႂαြα္αေαေα αα့္ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္α ုႏွα ္ေαြα‘αြα္း ေααံαဲα ααာααာα္ေαြααααဲ့ α‘αြα္ααာေαြαာ α်α ားေααဲ့ αိုα္α်ဳα္ααီး αα်ဳိααဲα α‘ိα္αα္αဲαုိαဲ ေαာα္αြားαဲ့αΎααာျαα ္αါαα္။
αါေαΎαာα့္ ျαα္αာျαα္αိုα‘ေျαးα‘αႊားαြားαα့္α‘ေαာα္ႏိုα္αံေαြαဲααုα္αα္ေαြα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲαွာαα္ αွိျαα ္ေααဲ့ αα္းαာαႈေαြ၊ αူαႈαα္αံေαး ေαြαဲα ျαα္αူေαြαဲααααို αα္αိုαိαိုα္ေα ααဲαိုαဲ့ α‘αွα္ααားαို α်ααိုα ေα့αာαိုα αိုαα္αိုα ေျαာα်α္αါαα္။
(αα္αα္αုα္ The Independent ααα္းα ာαဲ့ α‘ြα္αိုα္းαေαာ့α္αြα္ Nancy Hunson-Rodd ေαးαားαားေαာ What is Really Happening in Burma Today αို αီေα်ာ္ေα‘ာα္ ျαα္αို ေαာ္ျααါ αα္။ ေαါα္αာ αα္α ီαာ αΎαα ေαΎαးα်ႏိုα္αံα‘ေαာα္αိုα္း Edith Cowan ααၠαိုα္αွာ αုα္αူးေαာα္ α‘αα္αα္း αုေααီα‘ျαα ္ ေαာα္αြα္ေααါαα္။)Sources:
α‘α်ိဳးαား αီαုိαေαα
ီ α‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ α₯αၠα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα
ုαΎαα္αာျαα္αာ့ ႏုိα္αံေαး ျαဳျαα္ ေျαာα္းαဲαႈ α‘ေျαα‘ေααို ေαြးေႏြးαိုαα‘αြα္ α်αα္ႏုိα္αံαို αီႏွα ္αဲαွာ αြားေαာα္ αα္αα္αိုα αိွαα္αိုα AFP ααα္းαာαα ေαာ္ျααါαα္။
αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ α§αΏαီαα‘αြα္းα ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံ αိုα္αာ α်αα္αံα‘αα္ααီး Takashi Saito αဲα αα္αုα္αΏαိဳααွာ ေαြααုံေαြးေႏြးα α₯္αွာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α… αိαိα‘ေααဲα α်αα္ႏုိα္αံαို αြားေαာα္αα္αα္αΏαီး ျαα္αာ့ႏုိα္αံေαး αိα α₯ေαြαို ေαြးေႏြးαိုαဲ့ αႏα΅αိွေαΎαာα္း αုα္ေαာ္ ေျαာαဲ့αα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αာ ျαα္α ααီးα α₯္ေαြ α αα္αိုα ႏုိα္αံαူးαα္αွα္ ေαွ်ာα္αားေαΎαာα္း ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးα α‘αာαွိေαြαို αိုးαားαΏαီး ααα္းαွာ ေαာ္ျααားαါαα္။
ေαာေαာαα္ α‘αိေαာ့ ႏုိα္αံαူးαα္αွα္ αုα္αေαးαေαးαူးαိုα αိုαါαα္။ α်αα္ႏုိα္αံαုα္ Nikkei ααα္းα ာααα္း
ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္ αဲα α်αα္ααီးα α₯္αို αααΌαα₯ီးαိα္းα ိα္α αြα့္ျαဳαα္αိုα ေαးαားαါαα္။
ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αာ αααα αုႏွα ္ αα္αα္းα်α္ααိုα္α α်αα္ႏုိα္αံ α်ိဳαို ααၠαိုα္αွာ ျαα္αာ့ααိုα္းαိုα္αာ αုေααα αα္းαူးαုα္းα ေααိုα္αဲ့αူးαါαα္။ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αာ αာαα့္ αြα္α α‘αြα္းαွာαα္း ααααံုး ႏုိα္αံျαား ααီးα α₯္α‘ျαα ္ ေαာ္ေαးαဲα αΏαိαိα္ႏုိα္αံေαြαို αြားαα္αိုα αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့αα ေျαာαိုαဲ့αါαα္။
RFA - Burmese
(αီႏွα ္αα္းαုိα္းαα်αα္ႏုိα္αံα‘ုိαာαာα‘ေျαα ုိα္αα္းေαာα္αူαα္α်ားα‘αြဲααဲα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αုိα ေαြααုံαဲ့αုံαါ။ wagggsworld website α ျαα ္αါαα္။)
α‘ြα္αိုα္းαီαီαာα်ားαိုαα္း ααားαိုးα် αီαီαာααားα်ားαα္းαူαα္αွα္αΏαီး αွα္αံုαα္αြα့္ႏွα့္ α‘αြα့္α‘ေαးαα္းαူ αေα αα္ α α₯္းα ားေαာα္αြα္αွ်α္αွိေαΎαာα္း αေαα αα္αုα္αΏαိဳα၌ α်α္းααα့္ ααာα»αα ာαα္αα္းαြα္αα္αြα္αေαα (αααα) α‘αα္းα‘αားαြα္ ျαα္αΎαားေαးαα္αΎαီးαာα ျαα္ေαာα္α ု αုαိααα္αΎαီး α¦းα ိုးαα္းα ေျαာαΎαားαα္။
“ျαα္αΎαားေαးαα္αΎαီးαာαα‘ေααဲα α‘ြα္αိုα္းαီαီαာα်ားαိုαα္း ααားαိုးα်αီαီαာα်ား αα္းαူαα္αွα္ျαီး α ာαα္αα္းααားα်ားαဲα ααိုα္αြα္αα်ားαံα ားႏိုα္αိုα α‘αြα္αα္း α α₯္းα ားေαာα္αြα္αွ်α္αွိαါαα္”αု α¦းα ိုးαα္းα ၎၏ αိα္ααြα္းαြα္ αα့္αြα္း ေျαာαိုαြားαα္။
αααα αြα္ α‘αα္ျαဳαα္αွိαα့္ αံုႏွိα္αီαီαာα₯αေααြα္ ααα္းေα‘α်α္α ီα်ားαူေαာα္၍ α‘ြα္αိုα္းαွαα ္αα္α ααα္းα‘α်α္α‘αα္α်ားျαα္αေααိုαါα α αα ္αα် αွα္αံုαα္ျαီး ေαာα္αြα္αြα္αααွိေα αα္αα္း α α₯္းα ားαားေαΎαာα္း ၎α αွα္းαα္းေျαာαΎαားαα္။
ααုေαာေαာαα္αြα္ ျαα္αြα္းα‘ြα္αိုα္း αီαီαာα်ား α‘ေαျαα့္ α ာေαα ိα α ္ေαး αိုα αα္ျαα αာ ααိုαဲ ေααျααွ်α္αွိαာ ααΎαာαီαႊα္ေαာ္αြα္ αα္αα္αွိαα့္αီαီαာα₯αေα α‘αα္ျαဳ ျααာα္း αΏαီးေαာα္ αွα္αံုαα္αြα့္ျαဳαα္ ααုαဲ့αိုα ေျαာαိုျαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
ျαα္αြα္း α‘ေျαα ိုα္αα့္ α‘ြα္αိုα္း αီαီαာα‘ေαျαα့္ ααုေαာေαာαα္ ျαα ္αααီαီαာႏွα့္ Yangon Press International αိုααွိαΏαီး α်α္ျαα္αာ α‘ြα္αိုα္း αီαီαာα်ားαွာ ျαα္ααြα္ α‘ေျαα ိုα္αα့္ ααα္းαီαီαာα်ားျαα ္αα္။
ααုႏွα ္αα္းαိုα္းα α‘α္းαားαိα္αိုαα္αြα္ α်α္းααα့္ ျαα္αာ့ααα္းαီαီαာ αြံααΏαိဳးေαး α‘αုα္αံုေαြးေႏြးαြဲαြα္ α‘ြα္αိုα္းαီαီαာα်ားαα္ αα္αြα္ေαး α₯αေαျαα့္ αα္α α္ေααျαα့့္ ျαα္αာ့αα္αြα္ေαး ႏွα့္ ေαΎαးαα္းαα္ααီးαာααြα္ αွα္αုံαα္ααα္ αူαα့္αေαာ ေျαာαိုαဲ့αΏαီးေαာα္ αα‘αα္းαα္α‘αΎαာαြα္ α‘ြα္αိုα္းαီαီαာα်ားαို ျαα္αΎαားေαး αα္ααီးαာααα္ေα‘ာα္αြα္ αေαါα္းαα α္းαα္း αားαα္αု ျαα္αα္ αံုးျαα္αိုα္ျαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
αα္αြα္ေαး α₯αေαႏွα့္ α‘ြα္αိုα္းαီαီαာ ႏွα့္ αα္αိုα္αα့္ α‘ီαα္ααြα္းαα ္ α₯αေαα‘α αိုαါα αα္းα₯αေααို ေαာα္α်α္α်ဴးαြα္αါα α‘ျαα့္αံုး ေαာα္αα္ αα ႏွα ္α‘αိ α်αွα္ႏိုα္αα္။
ေαာα္ႏွα ္ αα္းαိုα္း α‘αα္ျαဳαα္αွိαα့္ αီαီαာα₯αေαႏွα့္ αα္αα္၍ ျαα္αြα္း α‘ြα္αိုα္း αီαီαာ ααုျαα ္αα့္ ျαα ္αααီαီαာ αူေαာα္αူ ေααေαααΎαၤα္αိα္α “αα½ြα္αα‘ေααဲααေαာ့ αူαΎαα္းαြα္αာαဲαα‘αါαွ αΎαα္ααΏαီးေျαာႏိုα္αါαα္။ αုေααွာေαာ့ αα္ααွα္းαΎαα္ααိုααိုαာ αေαα်ာαူးေα။ αြα္αာαဲα α₯αေαေαααွာαဲ αΎαα္ααΏαီး ေျαာααွာαါ ”αု αိုα္αီα‘ိုα္αိုαေျαာαα္။
αုαိααα္αΎαီး α¦းα ိုးαα္းα α‘ြα္αိုα္ααα္းαα်ားα‘ား α်α္α ာαα္αα္းααားα်ားα‘ေαα αα္းαူααိုα္αြα္αα်ား၊ α‘αာα‘αြα္α်ား α်α္ααα္α်ားααွိα်α္ααံုးေα ႏိုα္αα္ αြα္αွိαာαα္α αီαီαာေαာαြα္ α α₯္းα ားေαာα္αြα္αားေαΎαာα္းေျαာαΎαားαα္။
αေαα ααာα»αα ာαα္αα္းαြα္αα္αြα္αေαααြα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံααα္းα ာααာ α‘αα္းျαα ္ေျαာα္ေαး ေαာ္ααီ၏ αေαာαားαုα္ျαα္ေαΎαျαာα်α္αြα္αα္း ααα္းαီαီαာα်ားα‘ား αွα္αံုαα္αα္αွα‘α αံုႏွိα္ျαα္α်ီαα္α‘αိ α‘αα္ααိုα္းαြα္ αα္αာα αα ္ ααွိαα့္ေαΎαာα္း αြα္αွိαာαα္ααီαီαာ α₯αေααွα့္ αα္αα္၍ ေααျαေαးαား αားαα္။
α‘ြα္αိုα္းααα္းααားααိုα္αြα္αႏွα္α αါα္αα္၍ αေαααΎαၤα္αိα္းα “ααိုα္αြα္ααိုα αိုαာαွာαα္း α‘α ိုးααီααွ ααုα္αူး၊ αိုα္ααီαီαာαိုα္αααα္းαာααဲ ျαα ္ျαα ္ αα္αူα αီααဲ ျαα ္ျαα ္ αိုα္αααိုα္αြα္ααို αိုα္α αိααα္၊ ααိαα္ αိေα‘ာα္αုα္ααα္၊ αααα္ αေα‘ာα္ αုα္αΎαααွာαါ”αု αံုးαα္ေျαာαိုαα္။ ။
αေαααြα္းαြဲαိုα္းα αα္αုα္αΏαိဳα၌ α်α္းααα့္ ααα»ာ့ ααα္းαြα္αα္αြα့္ေαα α‘αα္းα‘αားααု
Yangon Press International
It has become a pattern. Whenever the ethnic Muslim Rohingya boat people from Myanmar reach Thai shores, the authorities arrest them as a matter of course, then provide them with water and food before pushing them out to sea again so they can go to their intended destination.
Immigration and security authorities defend such a practice as humane and insist it helps safeguard against future social problems from illegal immigrants.
Rights activists see it differently. Such a practice, they charge, makes the authorities accomplices in human trafficking and opens the door to corruption.
The Rohingya are a Muslim minority in Myanmar's northern Rakhine state and across the border in Bangladesh. Systematic persecution and denial of Myanmar citizenship have forced Rohingya men to flee and seek employment in other lands.
Malaysia is their preferred destination due to its similar faith and better pay. Some of the Rohingya boat people are from Bangladesh, who like their peers in Rakhine state, must pay trafficking gangs to smuggle them into Thailand and Malaysia.
Tens of thousands of Rohingya are living and working illegally in Thailand. Some have been here for more than 30 years. Most work as streetside roti sellers. Fear of deportation has subjected them to all forms of extortion and exploitation. With families here, they want their children's statelessness to be addressed so they can live here legally and as equal human beings.
State authorities believe they will only face more of these demands for rights if they allow the Rohingya boat people to stay in the country.
And since there are not enough prisons to take in the Rohingya boat refugees, helping them to go their way is still the best policy, they argue.
This is simply an excuse to turn a blind eye or even to benefit from human trafficking. The fact is, the current policy has actually increased the number of Rohingya refugees heading to Thai shores, not the other way around.
The proof is in the numbers. Thai security forces faced an international outcry when they were caught on video towing a batch of Rohingya boat people out to sea in 2009.
In the aftermath of that incident, the government cracked down on Rohingya and detained a subsequent batch of 91 on arrival. When news of their detention reached their villages, the number of Rohingya refugees dropped from more than 1,000 a year to less than 100.
When the authorities recently took a more lenient stance, the human trafficking rackets sprang back to life. Last year, the number of Rohingya boat people arriving here rose to more than 2,500, and they now include many young girls.
It is an open secret that the boats will head for the islands nearby, with the racketeers ready to pick them up and bring them back again to Thai shores.
If they can pay for the next leg of the journey, they will be transported to Malaysia. If not, some will be sold to work as slaves on trawlers. Others are sent to work in plantations in southern Thailand.
The government should treat separately those Rohingya who have been here for years, and new arrivals trying to start a new life. The legal status of those who have families here needs to be addressed. For the new batch, the government needs to crack down on the traffickers and punish corrupt officials.
If the government does not get tough on corruption, it will be difficult to prevent Thailand from being seen as a partner in this modern slave trade.
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ αα္းαဲαဲြေααႈ αေα်ာα္ေαးαဲα α‘ေျααံαႏၱαား α‘ေαာα္α‘α‘ံုေαြ αα္ေαာα္αိုαα‘αြα္ αိုα‘α္ေααဲ့ α‘αူα‘αီေαြαို ေαးαိုα α‘α
ုိးαα ႏုိα္αံααာαို ေααၱာαα္αံေαα်ိα္αွာαဲ αိαα
္αိုα္ α‘ေျαα
ိုα္ ADB αိုαေαααဲ့ α‘ာαွαံြααΏαိဳးေαးαα္α ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαို α‘αူα‘αီေαးαိုαα‘αြα္ α‘αα္αα့္ αွိေααα့္αိုα αα္α
αာ αွိαဲ့ ေႂαြးαΏαီ ေαααာαα္း ααα αို α‘αα္ျαα္αα္αွ ေαာα္αα္ ေαြေα်းႏုိα္αα္αိုα ADB α₯αၠαα αေααααဲ ေျαာαိုα္αါαα္။ α‘ေαΎαာα္းα
ံုαိုေαာ့ αိုα္αာα
္ααα္းαဲα ေαာ္ျαα်α္αို α‘ေျααံαΏαီး ေαααွαွαα္းα αα္ျαေαးαားαါαα္။
ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαို ADB ေαα α‘ာαွ αံြααΏαိဳးေαးαα္α ေαြေαΎαး α‘ေαာα္α‘αူαေαးαဲ့αာ αα ႏွα ္αွိαြားαဲ့ ααို ေαာα္αα္ေαးαိုααα္း α‘αုα‘ေျαα‘ေααွာ αျαα ္ႏိုα္ေαးαူးαိုα αိုαါαα္။ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံα ADB αို ေαးαα္α αာ αွိαဲ့ ေႂαြးαΏαီαို ျαα္αα္ႏိုα္αွ ေαာα္αα္ေα်းေαြα‘αα ္αို αုα္ေαးႏုိα္αွာျαα ္αα္αိုα Haruhiko Kuroda α α‘αုαို ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
"ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေααဲα ေႂαြးαΏαီေαြ α‘ေαာ္ေαး αα္ေααာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ ျαα္αာ ႏိုα္αံαα္α ေαးαα္ α αာေႂαြးေαြαို ααααံုး α‘αα္ααွα္းႏုိα္αα်α္းေαာ့ ADB αα္α‘ေααဲα ေαြေαးေαΎαးေαး α‘ေαာα္ α‘αူေαြαို ေαးαိုα ααႏုိα္αါαူး။"
α‘ာαွαံြααΏαိဳးေαးαα္ α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးαႉးေαြαဲααုα္α‘αဲြα αα ααိα္ေျαာα္ ႏွα ္αα္αα္ αီαာαံαွာ ADB α₯αၠαα αေααα ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αာျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘ဲαီေαးαα္αΎαာ αီαာαံα‘αြα္းαွာ α‘αဲြααα္ αα ႏုိα္αံα αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αဲ့α‘ျαα္ ေαααα ီေαး α်αွα္αူေαါα္း ေαးေαာα္ေα်ာ္αα္း αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αါαα္။ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα ADB αို ေαးαα္α αာα‘ေႂαြးေαါα္း ေαααာαα္း ααα ေαးα αာαွိαာျαα ္αါαα္။ ADB α₯αၠα αα α₯αာ Kuroda α α‘ာαွαံြααΏαိဳးေαးαα္ααီး α‘ေα αဲα ႏုိα္αံေαါα္းα ံုαို ေαြαုα္ေα်းေααဲ့ α‘αြα္ေαΎαာα့္αα္း ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα ေႂαြးαΏαီαို ေαွ်ာ္αα ္αိုα αျαα ္ႏုိα္αူးαိုα ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
α‘αဲြααα္ αα ႏုိα္αံαါαဲ့ ADB αα္αွာ α‘ာαွေαααြα္းα αα ႏိုα္αံαဲα α်α္ααα»ာα αα ႏိုα္αံαုိα αါαα္αΎααΏαီး α‘αဲြααα္ႏုိα္αံေαြαဲα αံြααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္αႈαဲα α‘ာαွ-αα ိαိα္ေαααွာ αα္းαဲαဲြေααႈ αေα်ာα္ေαး α‘αြα္ ေαααα ီေαးα်αွα္αာαွာ၊ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαာαွာαဲα αα္းααာαဲα ေαြေαΎαးα‘ေαာα္α‘αူေαြαို αα္ααီးα αုα္ေαးαာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ αααα αုႏွα ္α α‘αဲြααα္ ႏုိα္αံျαα ္αဲ့αဲ့ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαို ADB α αααα αဲα αα αုααα္းα ေαာα္αံုးαားαΏαီး αα္းααာαဲα ေαြေαΎαးα‘ေαာα္α‘αူေαြαို ေαးαဲ့ αာျαα ္αါαα္။
α‘αုαို αံြααΏαိဳးαႈ α ီαံαိα္းေαြα‘αြα္ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံα‘ေαα ေαြαα္αေα်းႏုိα္ေααα့္αိုααα္း ေαααα ီαိုα္း αိုα္αာ ေαြးေႏြးαႈαဲα αα္းααာαိုα္းαိုα္αာ α‘ေαာα္α‘αူေαြ ေαးαိုαα‘αြα္ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα αိေαြα αα္αံαြားαွာ ျαα ္αα္αိုα ADB α₯αၠαα ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
"ααα္αွာေαာ့ αα္းααာα‘ေαာα္α‘αူ α‘ျαα္ ေαααα ီαိုα္းαိုα္αာ α‘ααံေαးαႈ၊ αူαα ြα္းα‘ား α‘αα္းα‘ျαα ္ေαြαဲα α‘ေျααံ α‘ေαာα္α‘α‘ံုαα္ေαာα္αႈαွာ α‘ေαာα္α‘αူ ေαးႏုိα္αါαα္။ αါေααα့္ ααααံုးαေαာ့ ADB αα္α‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα α‘αူးαျαα့္ ေαααα ီαိုα္းαွာ α‘ေျαα‘αα္ ေαြးေႏြး αြားααွာ ျαα ္αါαα္။"ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ α‘ျαဳαေαာေαာα္αဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαးျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြေαΎαာα့္ α‘ေααိααဲα α₯ေαာα α‘αါ α‘αα္ α‘ေαာα္ႏုိα္αံေαြα αα္αα္αိα္αိုααႈေαြαို αိုα္းαံ့ေαးαဲ့αΏαီးα်αα္ααα္း ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံα ေαး αα္α αာαွိαဲ့ ေႂαြးαΏαီ ေαααာ α.α αီαီαံαို α§αΏαီαα ေαွ်ာ္αα ္ေαးαဲ့α်ိα္αွာ α‘αုαို ADB αဲα ေαာα္α်α္α် ေျαာαΎαားαႈ αြα္ေαααာαဲ့αာαα္း ျαα ္αါαα္။ ႏုိα္αံααာαα္ααီးျαα ္αဲ့ ααα»ာ့αα္αေαာ့ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαွာ αြα္αα်αα္ αံုးαα္းαဲြαြα့္αΏαီး ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαားေαြ αα္းαဲαဲြေααႈ αေα်ာα္ေαးα‘αြα္ α‘ေαာα္α‘αူျαα ္ေα αα့္ α ီးαြားေαး α ာαα္းααားေαြ ေαာα္αံαိုααဲα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ α ေαးαα္α αာαွိαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံααာေႂαြးαΏαီေαြαို αိုα္αြα္ေျααွα္းေαးαွာ α‘αိαα‘αူα‘αီေαးαိုα ျαα ္αα္ αိုα ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαို ADB ေαα α‘ာαွ αံြααΏαိဳးေαးαα္α ေαြေαΎαး α‘ေαာα္α‘αူαေαးαဲ့αာ αα ႏွα ္αွိαြားαဲ့ ααို ေαာα္αα္ေαးαိုααα္း α‘αုα‘ေျαα‘ေααွာ αျαα ္ႏိုα္ေαးαူးαိုα αိုαါαα္။ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံα ADB αို ေαးαα္α αာ αွိαဲ့ ေႂαြးαΏαီαို ျαα္αα္ႏိုα္αွ ေαာα္αα္ေα်းေαြα‘αα ္αို αုα္ေαးႏုိα္αွာျαα ္αα္αိုα Haruhiko Kuroda α α‘αုαို ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
"ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေααဲα ေႂαြးαΏαီေαြ α‘ေαာ္ေαး αα္ေααာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ ျαα္αာ ႏိုα္αံαα္α ေαးαα္ α αာေႂαြးေαြαို ααααံုး α‘αα္ααွα္းႏုိα္αα်α္းေαာ့ ADB αα္α‘ေααဲα ေαြေαးေαΎαးေαး α‘ေαာα္ α‘αူေαြαို ေαးαိုα ααႏုိα္αါαူး။"
α‘ာαွαံြααΏαိဳးေαးαα္ α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးαႉးေαြαဲααုα္α‘αဲြα αα ααိα္ေျαာα္ ႏွα ္αα္αα္ αီαာαံαွာ ADB α₯αၠαα αေααα ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αာျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘ဲαီေαးαα္αΎαာ αီαာαံα‘αြα္းαွာ α‘αဲြααα္ αα ႏုိα္αံα αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αဲ့α‘ျαα္ ေαααα ီေαး α်αွα္αူေαါα္း ေαးေαာα္ေα်ာ္αα္း αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αါαα္။ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα ADB αို ေαးαα္α αာα‘ေႂαြးေαါα္း ေαααာαα္း ααα ေαးα αာαွိαာျαα ္αါαα္။ ADB α₯αၠα αα α₯αာ Kuroda α α‘ာαွαံြααΏαိဳးေαးαα္ααီး α‘ေα αဲα ႏုိα္αံေαါα္းα ံုαို ေαြαုα္ေα်းေααဲ့ α‘αြα္ေαΎαာα့္αα္း ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα ေႂαြးαΏαီαို ေαွ်ာ္αα ္αိုα αျαα ္ႏုိα္αူးαိုα ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
α‘αဲြααα္ αα ႏုိα္αံαါαဲ့ ADB αα္αွာ α‘ာαွေαααြα္းα αα ႏိုα္αံαဲα α်α္ααα»ာα αα ႏိုα္αံαုိα αါαα္αΎααΏαီး α‘αဲြααα္ႏုိα္αံေαြαဲα αံြααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္αႈαဲα α‘ာαွ-αα ိαိα္ေαααွာ αα္းαဲαဲြေααႈ αေα်ာα္ေαး α‘αြα္ ေαααα ီေαးα်αွα္αာαွာ၊ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαာαွာαဲα αα္းααာαဲα ေαြေαΎαးα‘ေαာα္α‘αူေαြαို αα္ααီးα αုα္ေαးαာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ αααα αုႏွα ္α α‘αဲြααα္ ႏုိα္αံျαα ္αဲ့αဲ့ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαို ADB α αααα αဲα αα αုααα္းα ေαာα္αံုးαားαΏαီး αα္းααာαဲα ေαြေαΎαးα‘ေαာα္α‘αူေαြαို ေαးαဲ့ αာျαα ္αါαα္။
α‘αုαို αံြααΏαိဳးαႈ α ီαံαိα္းေαြα‘αြα္ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံα‘ေαα ေαြαα္αေα်းႏုိα္ေααα့္αိုααα္း ေαααα ီαိုα္း αိုα္αာ ေαြးေႏြးαႈαဲα αα္းααာαိုα္းαိုα္αာ α‘ေαာα္α‘αူေαြ ေαးαိုαα‘αြα္ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα αိေαြα αα္αံαြားαွာ ျαα ္αα္αိုα ADB α₯αၠαα ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
"ααα္αွာေαာ့ αα္းααာα‘ေαာα္α‘αူ α‘ျαα္ ေαααα ီαိုα္းαိုα္αာ α‘ααံေαးαႈ၊ αူαα ြα္းα‘ား α‘αα္းα‘ျαα ္ေαြαဲα α‘ေျααံ α‘ေαာα္α‘α‘ံုαα္ေαာα္αႈαွာ α‘ေαာα္α‘αူ ေαးႏုိα္αါαα္။ αါေααα့္ ααααံုးαေαာ့ ADB αα္α‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα α‘αူးαျαα့္ ေαααα ီαိုα္းαွာ α‘ေျαα‘αα္ ေαြးေႏြး αြားααွာ ျαα ္αါαα္။"ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ α‘ျαဳαေαာေαာα္αဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαးျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြေαΎαာα့္ α‘ေααိααဲα α₯ေαာα α‘αါ α‘αα္ α‘ေαာα္ႏုိα္αံေαြα αα္αα္αိα္αိုααႈေαြαို αိုα္းαံ့ေαးαဲ့αΏαီးα်αα္ααα္း ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံα ေαး αα္α αာαွိαဲ့ ေႂαြးαΏαီ ေαααာ α.α αီαီαံαို α§αΏαီαα ေαွ်ာ္αα ္ေαးαဲ့α်ိα္αွာ α‘αုαို ADB αဲα ေαာα္α်α္α် ေျαာαΎαားαႈ αြα္ေαααာαဲ့αာαα္း ျαα ္αါαα္။ ႏုိα္αံααာαα္ααီးျαα ္αဲ့ ααα»ာ့αα္αေαာ့ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαွာ αြα္αα်αα္ αံုးαα္းαဲြαြα့္αΏαီး ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαားေαြ αα္းαဲαဲြေααႈ αေα်ာα္ေαးα‘αြα္ α‘ေαာα္α‘αူျαα ္ေα αα့္ α ီးαြားေαး α ာαα္းααားေαြ ေαာα္αံαိုααဲα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ α ေαးαα္α αာαွိαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံααာေႂαြးαΏαီေαြαို αိုα္αြα္ေျααွα္းေαးαွာ α‘αိαα‘αူα‘αီေαးαိုα ျαα ္αα္ αိုα ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
VOA
"αα½ြα္ααဲα ျαα ္ေα α်α္αဲ့αိα α₯α α‘αိα ααုα္αါαူး။ ျαα္αူေαြα‘αြα္ αα့္ေαာ္αဲ့ αိα α₯αုိ αုα္αုိαα α‘αိααါ။ ျαα္αူေαြ α‘α်ဳိးα‘αြα္ αုိျαီး αα္းေαာα္ႏုိα္αα္αုိα ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αါαα္။ ျαα္αူေαြαဲα αα္αွα္းα်α္ေαြαုိ ααα% ေα‘ာα္ျαα္ေα‘ာα္ေαာ့ αΎαိဳးαα္းααွာαါαဲ။"
α‘α်ိဳးαားαီαိုαေαα ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္α₯αၠα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α αူαα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αူαေαြαဲ့ αα္αွα္းα်α္αို αာαႈα္းျαα့္ ေα‘ာα္ျαα္ေα‘ာα္ αႊα္ေαာ္αြα္းα αΎαိဳးα ား ေαာα္αြα္αြားαွာ ျαα ္αα္αိုα αီαေαα ေျαာαΎαားαိုα္αါαα္။
ေαျαα္ေαာ္ αႊα္ေαာ္α‘α α္းα‘ေαးαို NLD αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ αα္ေαာα္αာαာαဲα αα္αα္ျαီး ααα္းေαာα္αα ္α₯ီးαေαးျαα္းα α₯္αွာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α α‘αုαို ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αာျαα ္αါαα္။
αΎαားျαα္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲ α‘ႏိုα္α α‘α်ဳိးαားαီαိုαေαα ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ α₯αၠαေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္ α‘αါα‘αα္ αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္ αα α₯ီး αိုα αာ ααααံုးα‘αΎαိα္α‘ျαα ္ ေαျαα္ေαာ္αႊα္ေαာ္ α‘α α္းα‘ေαးေαြαိုαီαေαα αα္ေαာα္ျαီး α်α္းα်ိα္αα α₯ာ ျαဳαဲ့αΎααါαα္။
αႊα္ေαာ္α‘α α္းα‘ေαးαွာ αႊα္ေαာ္α₯αၠα αူαα₯ီးေαႊαα္းαျαီးαဲ့αဲ့αႊα္ေαာ္ α‘α α္းα‘ေαးေαြα αုα္ေαာα္α်α္ေαြαိုျαα္αα္αံုးαα္ျαီး၊ αႊα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ α‘ေααဲαျαα္αူေαြαဲ့ αိုα‘α္α်α္ေαြαို α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္ ေαာα္αြα္αိုα αုိα္αြα္း ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αါαα္။
αႊα္ေαာ္α α္းေαးαြဲ α‘ျαီးαွာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α α α္αα္α§α့္αိα္αာαα္းαြα္းα αူαီα α္ α ားေαာα္αိုα္αွာ NLD αို αႊα္ေαာ္ αα္ေαာα္αိုα ေααၱာαα္αံ ေαΎααာα်α္ αုα္ျαα္αဲ့αဲ့ αိုα္းαα္းαားαါαီα်ားαွ αႊα္ေαာ္α ိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြαဲα ေαααα္α ာ α ားαံုးαဲ့ေαΎαာα္း αိααါαα္။ αααα‘ααိα္ ျαα္αူααႊα္ေαာ္ αံုαွα္ α‘α α္းα‘ေαးေαြαို αီေαα α α္းေαးαဲြα‘ျαီးαွာ αα္αားαားαိုα္ျαီး αာαဲ့ αူαိုα္ααွာ ျαα္αα္ α αα္αα္αိုα αိααါαα္။
RFA - Burmese
On April 24, 2012, Professor Dr. Amara Phongsaphit, Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand was invited by the Thai Public Broadcasting Service (Thai PBS) to be a resource person in a seminar, ‘Rohingya that the World Forget,’ convened by the Thai PBS’ Social Capital Network Division, Social Capital Bureau, at Building A, Thai PBS Headquarters in Bangkok with an objective to build up awareness on the existence of Rohingya people through seminar and public media, and to look for solutions to problems faced by this people together.
Participants in the seminar included:
1. Professor Dr. Amara Phongsaphit, Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand (NHRC),
2. Dr. Sriprapha Phetmesri, Representative for Thailand in the Inter-ASEAN Governments Commission on Human Rights,
3. Maung Kyaw Nu, Burmese Rohingya Association in Thailand (BRAT),
4. Phil Robertson, Deputy Director, Asia Division, and
5. Sophie Ansel, a French reporter who is monitoring situations faced by the Rohingyas
The seminar was moderated by Mr. Chairat Thomya, a Thai PBS anchorman.
Dr. Sriprapha Phetmesri, Representative for Thailand in the Inter-ASEAN Governments Commission on Human Rights
To solve this refugee problem (involving the Rohingyas), it must be made into a national problem and unavoidably raised for discussions. Academics in the region is a driver that could advocate, making Rohingya issues public ones that people know and talk about. Four issues are to be emphasized:
1. No human being should be denied their basic rights because every human being must have a personal status. Denial of nationality and personal identity document, which is a basis for accessing other rights, is therefore a starting point of human rights violation.
2. Rohingya is an indigenous people. It is noted that other indigenous peoples are facing similar problems because they are minority peoples. Being different from the majority, they are always denied their rights. The Rohingyas, however, often find themselves in graver situations.
3. It is proposed that ASEAN makes Rohingya an ASEAN-level agenda. ASEAN must have political will to solve the problems. Leaders of each ASEAN country must join hands.
4. ASEAN is building a community of benevolent societies, but benevolent societies would not be possible if some groups of people are still excluded.
Phil Robertson, Deputy Director, Asia Division
Rohingya people have been abused in all forms. Those living in Arakan State, for example, are being exploited, forced to work, forbidden to leave the area, denied of land ownership and required to seek permission in order to get married otherwise they would be arrested and detained, resulting in many of them decided to escape out of the area. Therefore, efforts should be made together to change mindset of Burmese government. In fact, apart from Myanmar, there are Rohingyas in several other countries, such as Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia. Efforts to deal with this problem, therefore, should be extended to those countries. In addition, it is proposed that neighbouring countries like Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia join hands to pressure Burmese government to actively solve the Rohingya problem.
Sophie Ansel, a French reporter who are monitoring situations faced by the Rohinya
Although changes did occur in Myanmar as can be seen in a recent by-election, Rohingya is still a forbidden issue in the country. One factor contributing to the problem is that the Rohingyas are Muslim while Burmeses are Buddhist. To create equality, an order forbidding the Rohinyas to leave the area must be revoked.
Professor Dr. Amara Phongsaphit, Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand, on the other hand, mentioned in the seminar that actually Rohingya people living in Thailand have more freedom than Rohingya people in their homeland as long as they do not commit wrongdoing. It was revealed in meetings between ASEAN member countries that an obstacle in having collective efforts to solve the Rohingya problem is ‘being considerate, afraid of offending another’s feeling’; no one therefore dare to raise the issue or directly criticize. To look for any way out of this problem, one needs to use imagination and regular consultations. ASEAN countries must be ready to talk openly about this problem, expose and explain it clearly, with cooperation between academics in the civil society sectors, neighbouring countries, super power countries and members of ASEAN.
The NHRC Chairperson also mentioned related works carried out by the NHRC which regularly asked permission to visit the Immigration Office and talked to the Rohingyas there about their problems as grave human rights violation must not occur. The case of many Rohingya people being arrested in 2009 is an important lesson for responsible officials. They need to change their way of thinking, consciousness, and have human rights awareness and humanity. The NHRC Chairperson had an expectation that inhuman violation of human rights would have gone away.
……………………………………
Other reports;
1) The death of Rohingya boat people in the detention centre in Ranong province
Investigation Report No.409/2554 of 26 December 2011
http://www.nhrc.or.th/news.php?news_id=8415
2) Rohingya deaths spark anger
Source – Bangkok Post (Eng), Thursday, August 20, 2009 05:41
http://www.nhrc.or.th/news.php?news_id=5324
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