Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK today welcomed the European Parliament resolution of 20th April 2012 calling on Burmese regime for changes to the 1982 law on citizenship to ensure due recognition of the right to citizenship of the Rohingya ethnic minority. The resolution also urges the Burmese Government to introduce amendments to the 2008 constitution, prior to the 2015 elections that would remove the military's role in civilian politics, notably its seats in both houses of parliament.
The Burma citizenship law of 1982 was designed by former dictator General Ne Win to get rid of Rohingya Muslims from Arakan. It violates several fundamental principles of customary international law standards, has deprived the Rohingya of their Burmese citizenship rendering them ‘stateless’ in their own homeland. 1982 citizenship law effects to Rohingya in their all activities such as restriction on movement, marriage, education and so on.
The rejection of Rohingya’s citizenship rights and ethnic rights by the government of Thein Sein is the main contributing factor to the growth of the refugee problem and the boat people crisis in the region. The Junta’s policy towards Rohingyas has been intolerable. The extreme situation has forced them to prefer to take perilous voyages by rickety boats across seas and oceans rather than live in their homeland; as a result hundreds of Rohingya boat people drowned over the years.
The resolution also call on the Government of Burma to release all remaining political prisoners without delay and conditions, allowing free access for the ICRC and international human rights bodies to Myanmar's prisons; calls also on the National Human Rights Commission to intensify its work of promoting and safeguarding the fundamental rights of citizens. We are very much thankful to European Parliament and its MEPs(Member of European Parliament) for this timely resolution which is a source of encouragement for the persecuted Rohingya people.
Maung Tun Khin
President,
Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK
26A Vicarage Lane, Stratford ,
26A Vicarage Lane, Stratford ,
London E15 4ES
(Contact No: +447888714866)
α₯αေα α်ဳိးေαာα္αႈαုα္αα္αို ααα္းေαာ္α်ား α‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ αα္ααြα္
ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαုံးαုိα္αာ ααα္းေαာ္α်ားα‘αြဲဲαα်ဳα္α ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္ ααΎαာαီα ျαα ္ေαααဲ့ေαာ αာαာေαး α‘ျαα္းαြားαႈ α‘ေျααံေαာ ααိααα‘α်ားαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီး ေαΎααာα်α္αα ္ေα ာα္ αုα္ျαα္αုိα္αါαα္။
α‘ဲαီေαΎααာα်α္αွာ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံ αားαα္αျαိဳααα္၊ α ိα္αူေα်းαြာαွိ α ုိα္းေαာ္ααီ α§αΏαီα αα αα္ေαααြα္ α်α္αီးαံααဲ့αိα α₯၊ α‘ဲαီေαααွာαဲ αေαြးαုိα္း αံααΌαΏαိဳ ့αα္αွာ ααီαဲα α αုိးαုိα္α်ား α်α္αီးαံααဲ့αိα α₯ α αဲ့α‘αႈαိα α₯α်ား α‘ားαုံးαွာ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္ ေααုိα္ေαာ ααာေαာ္၊ αံαာေαာ္α်ား၊ ေαာαုααα်ားαဲα αုံα αေαာα αါαွိျαα္း ααွိေαΎαာα္း αုα္ေαာ္αားαါαα္။
α§αΏαီα αα αα္ေαα ေααα ြဲαဲα ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαုံးαုိα္αာ ααα္းေαာ္α်ားα‘αြဲα်ဳα္ α₯αၠα ααာေαာ္ α‘αွα္ αααံα αα္αွα္ေαးαုိး αုα္ျαα္αဲ့ ေαΎααာα်α္αွာ α‘ဲαီိαုα္αα္ေαြαာ αူαူαႈαα္αα္αာျαα ္αုိα ααα္းαံαာα်ားα‘ေααဲα αα္αံျαα္းααွိααုိ α₯αေαα်ိဳးေαာα္αႈ ျαα ္αဲ့α‘αြα္αα္း αα္ααြα္αါေαΎαာα္း ေαာ္ျααါαွိ αါαα္။
Source :RFA
Posted By Min Zin
On April 23, 43 members of the National League for Democracy (NLD) are supposed to take up their seats in Burma's national parliament. But before they can do that, they have to swear an oath. Now NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi has started a fight over its wording.
The MP-elects have refused to take the pledge because it requires them to state that they will "uphold and abide by the Constitution of the Union." The constitution in question is the one that was adopted in 2008 as the result of a process orchestrated by the then-ruling military junta and denounced by most outside observers as illegitimate. During the recent election all the NLD candidates campaigned on a promise to amend this constitution. In a recent meeting with President Thein Sein, Suu Kyi asked that the text of the oath be changed from the present version to one that stipulates only "respect" for the constitution.
The present standoff was preceded by a lot of complicated maneuvering that probably isn't worth going into. Suffice it to say that it will be almost impossible for the NLD leader to get her way unless the government amends the constitution itself accordingly. While some sources suggest that Thein Sein might be willing to concede the point, it will be very hard for him to do so without causing considerable discontent among other members of the ruling elite.
While the NLD has threatened to boycott parliament if its demand isn't met, Aung San Suu Kyi has tried to avoid saying this all too directly. "We won't say we are not attending parliament," she toldRadio Free Asia in an interview on Thursday. "We will attend after the oath [is amended]."
This is an unfortunate strategic blunder for the leader of the NLD. She has put herself in an unnecessary dilemma. First of all, the point at hand is largely symbolic. Semantic issues in politics are usually about saving face. Vowing to "uphold and abide" the constitution does not mean that the opposition can't try to amend it later. A quick look at the texts of other countries' oaths of office shows that words like "uphold" and even "defend" are commonly used, but such language has never prevented anyone from proposing constitutional amendments.
Second, the timing is bad. When she reached her pre-election deal with the regime to change the Party Registration Law so that the NLD could run, Aung San Suu Kyi should have known that the language of the oath appears not only in the Party Registration Law but also in the constitution. If she wanted to make an issue of it, she could have done so then. Now she should just ignore it for the sake of establishing normal working relations with the incumbent legislature and the government.
Third, Suu Kyi has picked the wrong person as her interlocutor. She is relying too heavily on the president and the executive branch. Amending the constitution is a job that should be carried out by parliamentarians. While there is a clear institutional and personal rivalry between the executive and legislature branches, Suu Kyi's personal approach to the president could backfire. Rather ominously, a high-ranking officer has now seen fit to state that the army is determined to protect the constitution (and, along with it, the military's dominance in politics). In an interview last month, Htay Oo, the leader of the military-aligned party that holds the overwhelming majority of the seats in parliament, told FP that he sees no need for an amendment. Given the enormous humiliation inflicted on Htay Oo's party by the NLD in the election just past, Aung San Suu Kyi's insistence on a semantic issue will be viewed in some quarters as rubbing salt into the losers' wound.
In short, while fulfilling the NLD's demand might make many members of the opposition feel better about their implicit cooperation with government institutions, hardliners within the military and the regime are likely to gain powerful ammunition in their fight against Thein Sein. If the president and his fellow reformers compromise on this issue, they expose themselves to the accusation that they are giving too much away to Aung San Suu Kyi and the West.
Perhaps the dispute can be resolved with some sort of trade-off. Otherwise the cost of further escalation and eventual deadlock will almost certainly prove high both for pro-reform officials and the opposition. By participating in the election Aung San Suu Kyi chose to play by the regime's rules; now she needs to pick her battles rather than wasting valuable energy in a fight over symbolism. There's an old Burmese proverb: "If you choose to live like a bug inside a chili pepper, you can't really complain if you start feeling hot."
Source here
The European Parliament,
– having regard to its previous resolutions on Burma/Myanmar, in particular that of 25 November 2010 and 20 May 2010,
– having regard to the Council Decision of 16 August 2011 (2011/504/CFSP) amending Council Decision 2010/232/CFSP regarding restrictive measures against Burma/Myanmar,
– having regard to the EU Foreign Affairs Council Conclusions on Burma/Myanmar of 23 January 2012,
– having regard to the Council Conclusions of 12 April 2011 on the temporally lifting of the suspension of high level meetings as well as on the suspension on sanction to new civil member of government (Council Decision 2011/239/CFSP),
– having regard to the Statement by the President of the European Council of 30 January 2012 on the path of reforms in Myanmar,
– having regard to the Statements by the High Representative and in particular the Statements of 13 November 2010 on the release of Aung San Suu Kyi, of 13 January 2011 and 12 October 2011 on the release of political prisoners, and of 2 April 2012 on the conduct of by-elections,
– having regard to the Statement of the ASEAN-Summit of 3 April 2012 concerning the outcome of the 1 April 2012 by-elections and the calling for sanctions to be lifted,
– having regard to the decision that Myanmar will host the South East Asia Games in 2013 and will take over the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2014,
– having regard to the speech on the state of the Union by President Thein Sein on the occasion of the first anniversary of his government on 1 March 2012, where he acknowledged that despite the efforts made there is still ‘much more to do’,
– having regard to Rule 110(2) of its Rules of Procedure,
A. whereas during the first year in office the Government of President Thein Sein has made more progress towards democracy and peace than in the last decades;
B. whereas in a historical by-election on 1 April 2012, the opposition NLD party under its leader Aung San Suu Kyi won 43 out of the 45 seats in Parliament, despite irregularities noted by the election monitoring team;
C. whereas since the new government took office in March 2011, the majority of political prisoners have been released and a number have been elected to Parliament in the by-elections, preliminary ceasefires have come into force with all but one of the 13 armed ethnic groups, many political dissidents in exile have returned to Myanmar in promise of re-conciliation;
D. whereas the Parliament though elected under questionable procedures has started work on an ambitious legislative program, opening the path to a transparent budgetary procedure and exchange rate system, the establishment of labour unions, better land management, environmental conservation, and devolution of power;
E. whereas the government has taken numerous steps to expand civil liberties in the country, such as the freedom of information and expression notably with the lifting of the ban against some 30 000 internet sites and some 54 publications, the freedom of assembly, the establishment of a National Human Rights Commission and the planned scrapping of the censor board before the end of 2012;
F. whereas for the first time in decades, acts such as the halt of unpopular and potentially environmentally and socially disruptive power projects as the Myitsone hydropower dam and the coal power station near Dawei show a genuine interest of the government for people’s concerns, and give hope as to the seriousness of its intentions to combat poverty, promote rural development, enact a land reform and introduce a universal health insurance system;
G. whereas the government has indicated that it is pursuing a three-step process of peace building, starting from a cease fire, followed by socio-economic, cultural and political processes to an encompassing agreement – involving changes to the Constitution – on ethnic issues, including demobilisation and integration of ex-combatants, resource sharing and greater autonomy;
H. whereas the policies of discrimination against the Rohinga minority however continues unabated;
I. whereas the discrepancy between the political decisions and the limited institutional and technical capacities on the ground make that changes are slow to impact the life of the majority of Burmese citizens who continue to be faced with deep poverty, high levels of indebtedness, lack of employment and absence of social services;
1. Expresses its great relief over the very positive signs of change in Myanmar and the amount of reform proposals on the table;
2. Warmly welcomes the efforts by the government, parliament as well as the leadership of the armed forces to seek an end to decade-old internal armed conflicts, to lead Myanmar to democracy and to take decisive steps to combat the deprivation of its citizens from the accomplishments of socio-economic development;
3. Re-iterates its great respect for the decade long struggle of opposition leader and Sakharov Price Winner Aung San Suu Kyi who was deprived of her democratic right to form a government in 1989 and congratulates her for the land-slide victory of her party in the April by-elections;
4. Is looking forward to receive Aung San Suu Kyi in the European Parliament to officially reward her with the Sakharov Prize she received in 1990;
5. Supports the lifting of the visa ban by the EU Foreign Ministers in January and believes that the EU should further underline its support for the unprecedented reform effort by gradually lifting the sanctions which have no military implications or would have the effect to perpetuate military control over resources, in particular restrictions of development aid and bans on investments, export/import and loans;
6. Believes that Myanmar should also become eligible for the GSP+ if it continues on its reform path, notably eradicating the long-time systematic use of forced labour by the authorities and introducing ILO conform labour rights standards;
7. Welcomes the announcement of EUR 150 million in EU development aid for the next three years and calls on the EU and the member states to support the Burmese authorities with capacity building, aid and trade in order to rapidly ease the lack of institutional and technical capacity in Myanmar;
8. Calls on the UN to consider all possible ways to support the Burmese government in the transition process and welcomes the UNESCO support for the reform of the media laws;
9. Notes with concern that the positive transformation on the government level has been slow to trickle down to the general population and that much remains to be done;
10. Calls particularly on the government to finalize the peace negations with the Shan nation and encourages the authorities to continue towards achieving an encompassing peace plan irreversibly terminating all armed conflicts in the country;
11. Calls for the release of all political prisoners and access of the ICRC and international human rights bodies to Myanmar’s prisons;
12. Insists that the Rohingya minority cannot be left out of the newly developing openness for a multicultural Burma and calls on the authorities to grant Rohingyas citizens rights and equal treatment to other Burmese citizens;
13. Welcomes the creation of the National Human Rights Commission, regrets however that its independence is called into question because its members are selected by the government and its mandate is based on the 2008 Burmese Constitution, not on the universal human rights standards; urges to ensure that its mandate includes cases of abuse by the military; welcomes the EU technical and financial support to enhance the Commission’s capacities;
14. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the High Representative, the Commission, the Parliaments of the Member States, the Government and Parliament of Myanmar and the other ASEAN member states, as well as the UN Secretary General.
Original Source here
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DVB TV 23.04.2012 - α‘α်ိဳးαားαီαိုαေαα
ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္α ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα
ုαΎαα္ α₯ီးေαာα္αဲ့ αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α
ားαွα္ေαြ αြဲαα
α္းαံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေαα်α္းαα
ာα်ိα္αိုေαး α₯αေαα
αားαα္α‘αံုးα‘ႏံႈး α‘αα္α‘αဲေαြေαΎαာα့္ αႊα္ေαာ္ α
αα္ααα္ေαာα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြαဲααα္αα္αΏαီး α‘α်ိဳးαားαႊα္ေαာ္၊ ျαα္αူααႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α
ားαွα္ေαြαဲα ααာαားα‘ျαα္ေαြαို α
ုα
α္း αα္αα္αα္ေαးαါαα္။
DVB
α‘α်ိဳးαား αီαုိαေαα
ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ (NLD) αါαီ αိုα္α
ားαွα္α်ား α‘ေαျαα့္ αေαα ျαα္αα္ α
αα္ေαာ ျαα္αူααႊα္ေαာ္ α‘α
α္း α‘ေαးα်ား αα္ေαာα္ႏုိα္αα္ α်α္းα်ိα္αႊာေαါαာα ျαα္αα္ေαးα‘αုိαို αီαုိααα္αα
္ αါαီ αိုα္α
ားαွα္ αα်ိဳαα αႊα္ေαာ္၌ αα္αြα္းαα္αု ααα္းααွိαα္။ααိုα္αုိα္းαα္းαားα်ားαုိးαα္ေαးαါαီα₯αၠαα‘α်ိဳးαားαႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္ ေαါα္αာ ေα‘းေαာα္α NLD αုိα္ α ားαွα္α်ား αႊα္ေαာ္αα္ႏုိα္ေαးα‘αြα္ αႊα္ေαာ္αြα္းαွ ျαα္ေαာα္α ု ααံ့αုိα္ေαးႏွα့္ αြံααΏαိဳးေαးαါαီ(ααံ့αိုα္ေαး αါαီ)α α αားαα္ျαα္αα္αα္ α‘αုိαα္αα့္ေαΎαာα္း၊ α‘αα္၍ααα္αဲ့αါα αူαα‘ေαျαα့္ α₯ီးေαာα္αα္αြα္းαα္αွိေαΎαာα္း α§αာααီαို ေျαာαα္။
“ျαα္αိုα္αΏαိဳး α₯ီးαေαာα္αα္ α်ေαာ္αုိαα α₯ီးေαာα္ααα္။ α‘αွα္α αူαုိαα α₯ီးေαာα္ααα္။ αီေααာαွာ αူαုိαα αေαာαားααီးαႈαို ျαααα္။ α်ေαာ္αုိα αြဲαါααα္”αု ေαါα္αာ ေα‘းေαာα္α αုိαα္။
α‘αုိαါ ျαα္αα္ေαးαိα α₯ ααံ့αိုα္ေαးαါαီαွ αα္ααြα္αွ်α္ ααုိα္း ααွႏုိα္ေαΎαာα္း၊ ααုαိα α₯αα္ ααံ့αိုα္ေαး αါαီ α‘ေαα αူαα္ေαေαΎαာα္း αူα αα္ေျαာαα္။
αႊα္ေαာ္αα္ေαာα္ေααα့္ α‘αံုαΏαိဳααα္ ျαα္αူα αႊα္ေαာ္αုိα္α ားαွα္ α₯ီးαိုα္ေαာα္αα္ααα္း NLDαုိα္α ားαွα္α်ားαႊα္ေαာ္αα္ႏုိα္ေαးα‘αြα္αႊα္ေαာ္ျαα္αα‘α α္းα‘ေαးα်ား ျαဳαုα္αα္αွိေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαα္။
ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαားα်ားα‘ား αူαီေαးေαေαာ ေαွαေαααီး α₯ီးေα‘ာα္αိα္းα ααုαိα α₯αα္ α‘ေျααံα₯αေα ျαα္αα္ျαα္း ααုα္αဲ αုα္αααု၏ α αားαα္ α‘αံုးα‘ႏႈα္းαုိ ျαα္αα္ျαα္းαာျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း၊ ႏိုα္αံေαာ္ αααΌαα ေαာ္αα္းေαာα္း၊ αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံ α₯αေα αံုαုံးαေαာ္αα္းေαာα္း၊ αႊα္ေαာ္α်ားαေαာ္αα္းေαာα္း α‘αုိျαဳ αα္ျαα်α္α်ားα‘ေαα ျαα္ αα္ αံုးαα္αΏαီး ျαα္αα္ႏုိα္ေαΎαာα္း ေαာα္ျααα္။
“α‘αုαာα ျααာα္းαားαဲ့ α₯αေαααုαဲα ေαါαာα α αားαံုး α‘αံုးα‘ႏႈα္း ျαα္αုိααိα α₯။ α₯αေαျαα္αဲ့ αိα α₯αα္ααုα္αူး။αီαိα α₯αိုαႊα္ေαာ္αွာα်ျααΏαီးေαာ့αႊα္ေαာ္αေααေαာαူαα္αုိαα္ ေαါαာα ျαα္αဲ့αိα α₯α ျαα ္αြားαွာαါ”αု αူα ေျαာαိုαα္။
αိုαေαာ္ ααၤα္းαြ်α္းαΏαိဳααα္ ျαα္αူααႊα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္၊ α‘α်ိဳးαား αီαုိαေαα ီ αါαီαα ္α α₯ီးαိα္းαြα္αααႈ αႊα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ားαို ေαြးေαာα္αြဲေαာ္ααွα္α α‘αိα‘αွα္ျαဳαΏαီးျαα ္ေαာ္αα္း α်α္းα်ိα္αΏαီးαွαာ αႊα္ ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္ α‘ျαα ္ ααားαα္αα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαုိαΏαီး ααု αိα α₯αα္ α αားαα္ျαႆαာ ααုα္αုαα္း ေျαာ αα္။
“α‘αုα ααား α αဲα ျαႆαာ။ α αားαံုးျαႆαာααုα္αူး။ ααား α α αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေα αုα္α ααα αို αႊα္း αား αα္။ α‘ဲαါαို ျαα္ႏိုα္αိုα αႊα္ေαာ္αို αα္ααα္။ αႊα္ေαာ္αွာ αα αာαိုα္ႏႈα္း αေαာαူαွ ျαα္ႏိုα္αα္။ α‘αု ျαα္ αα္ေျαာαဲ့ αူေαြα၊ α‘αိုαα္αα့္ αူα α‘ဲ့αီေαာα္ αာαိုα္ႏႈα္းαွိααား”αု αူα αုိαα္။
α‘α်ိဳးαား αႊα္ေαာ္ ααီးαုαၢα αုိα္α ားαွα္α₯ီးαုα္းျαα့္ေα‘ာα္ααα္း“ႏိုα္αံေαးαါαီαွα္αံုαα္αာαဲα αα္αα္ေαာ့ αုα္ααာ αြα္αα္။ αြဲαα α္းαံု ျαα္αိုαα်ေαာ့ αူαααိုαီα်ာ(αုα္αံုးαုα္αα္း) α‘αိုα္း αြားααα္။ α‘αုα ေαာα္ ααα္αူးျαα ္ေααα္”αု αုိαα္။
ααα္ျαα္α်α္းααα့္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ု αႊα္ေαာ္α‘α α္းα‘ေαးαြα္ αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္αα်ိဳαα NLD αုိα္α ားαွα္ α်ား αႊα္ေαာ္ αα္ႏုိα္ေαး ေαါαာα ျαα္ေαးαα္ α‘αုိαα္αြα္းαα့္ α‘α ီα‘α α₯္αွိေαΎαာα္းαα္း α₯ီးαုα္းျαα့္ေα‘ာα္α αα္ ေျαာαα္။
αααα αုႏွα ္ αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံ α₯αေα α‘αα္း (αα)αွိ ႏုိα္αံေαးαါαီα်ား α‘αα္း၊ αုα္α ααα ၊ α‘αိုα္ (α)αြα္ “ႏိုα္αံေαး αါαီ ααα္α‘ေαႏွα့္ αြαဲα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံ α₯αေαႏွα့္αα္αဲα₯αေαα်ားαို ေαးα ားαုိα္αာααα္”αု αုိαားααဲ့αိုα αုα္α ααα α‘αိုα္(α) ၌ “ျαα္αူα αႊα္ေαာ္ αံုαွα္ α‘α α္းα‘ေαးαြα္ ျαα္αူα αႊα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ားαα္ ျαα္αူα αႊα္ေαာ္ ααာααိ ေαွαေαွာα္ ၌ ααား α αြα္ ေαာ္ျααα့္α‘αုိα္း ααိαα α₯ာ ျαဳααα္”αု ေαာ္ျααားαα္။
αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံ α₯αေα αုα္α ααα αို αα္αႊα္္္းαα့္ α‘αα္း(αα ) α‘ေαြေαြ ျααာα္းα်α္α်ား ααား α αြα္ “ႏိုα္αံေαာ္ αြဲαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααို αိα္းαိα္း αာαြα္ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αΏαီး ႏိုα္αံေαာ္၏ α₯αေαα်ားαိုαα္း αုိα္αာαါαα္”αု ေαာ္ျααားαာ αα္းα αားαα္ ျαα္αα္ေαးαα္ NLD α αααΌααုံး၊ αႊα္ေαာ္ α αα္ႏွα့္ αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံ α₯αေααိုα္αာ αံုαုံး α်ားαိုα αα္αα္ αα္ျααα္αု ေျαာαုိαα္။
α်α္းα်ိα္αႊာ α αားαα္ αျαα္αα္ေαးαဲ αွိႏႈိα္းေαာα္αြα္ေαααျαα့္ αႊα္ေαာ္αα္ေαး αျαα ္ႏုိα္ေαးေαΎαာα္း၊ NLD α ααားαα္ေျαာαုိαΏαီး αါαီ α₯αၠα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္ααα္း αႊα္ေαာ္αို ααိα္ေαွာα္ျαα္း ααုα္ေαΎαာα္း၊ αႊα္ေαာ္ αα္ႏုိα္ေαး α‘α်ိα္αို ေα ာα့္αုိα္းေαေαΎαာα္း ααα္ေααα ααα္းေαာα္α်ားαို ေျαာαα္။
“αႊα္ေαာ္ααα္αူးαုိααေျαာαူး။αႊα္ေαာ္αα္αုိαα‘α်ိα္α‘αါ ေα ာα့္αုိα္း ေααာαါ”αု ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္ α αုိ αα္။
αα α်ိဳးαα္ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္ αိုαိုααီးα “α‘ေျααံ α₯αေααို ေαးα ားαုိα္αာαါαα္” αူေαာ α αားαα္αα္αါαီαွα္αံုαα္ျαα္းαုိα္αာα₯αေα၌αα္းေαာα္း၊αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေα၌αα္းေαာα္း ျαα္ αα္αΏαီးαားျαα ္၍ αႊα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ား α်α္းα်ိα္αႊာαြα္αာ ျαα္αα္ျαα္း αျαဳαေαးေαΎαာα္း၊ α‘ေျααံ α₯αေα၊ αွα္αံုαα္ ျαα္း α₯αေα၊ α်α္း α်ိα္ αႊာ α αားαα္αုိααα္ ααုႏွα့္ααု αုိα္ေα်ာαီေαြ ျαα ္αα့္ေαΎαာα္း ေαာα္ျααα္။
ႏုိα္αံေαးααား αα₯ီးျαα ္αα့္ ေαါα္αာေα ာႏုိα္ααူ NLD αႊα္ေαာ္αα္ႏုိα္ေαး αααΌα α₯ီးαိα္းα ိα္၊ ျαα္αူα αႊα္ေαာ္ α₯αၠα αူα α₯ီးေαႊαα္း α‘αါα‘αα္ αာαα္αွိαူα်ားα α ီα α₯္ေαးαိα့္αα္αု αံုαΎαα္ေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαိုαα္။
“NLD αါေα α်α္αုိα αေαွ်ာα္αံုး αွိႏႈိ္α္းαႈေαြ αုα္αဲ့αΎααာ။ α‘αုαα္း αွိႏႈိα္းαΏαီး αုα္ေαာα္ေαးαΎααွာαါ။ α‘ားαံုး α‘αα္ေျααြားαα္αုိααဲ ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αါαα္”αု ေαါα္αာ ေα ာႏုိα္α αိုαα္။
α်αα္ႏုိα္αံαိုα α‘αα္ α‘αα္ေαာα္αွိေαေαာ αααΌα α₯ီးαိα္းα ိα္α αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္ α်α္းαα α₯ာ α်ိα္αုိαႈႏွα့္ αα္αα္၍ ျαα္αူ αူαု α‘α်ိဳးαွိαα္αုိαါα ျαα ္ႏုိα္ေျααွိေαΎαာα္း ααα္းေαာα္α်ားαို α αားျαα္αွααα့္ αေααေျαာ ေαΎαာα္း AP ααα္းααုα္α αုိαα္။
αိုαေαာ္ αႊα္ေαာ္αြα္း α်α္းα်ိα္αႊာ ေαါαာα ျαα္αα္ေαးႏွα့္ αα္αα္၍ α‘ာαာα αα့ံαိုα္ေαးαါαီααူ ေαါ αာα ျαα္αα္ေαး αုα္ေαာα္αα္ ααုိαု αါαီα‘ေαြေαြα‘αြα္းေαးαႉး α₯ီးေαးα₯ီးα α§αာααီαုိ ေျαာαα္။
“ေαြးα်α္αံαားααဲ့ αႊα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ αႊα္ေαာ္αဲ αα္ေαာα္αာαဲα αα္αα္αိုα αီα αားαုံးα αိα္αΏαီး αူးျαားαာ၊ αိေαာα္αာαဲ ααွိαါαူး။ αါေαးαားαဲ့ α‘αြα္ αေျαာααူး၊ ααိုααူးαိုα αိα္αα္αားαာαဲ ααွိαူးαိုα α်ေαာ္αα္αါαα္။ α‘ဲαါေαΎαာα့္ αီα₯α α₯ာαဲα αα္αα္αိုαေαာ့ αာαွαဲ αိα္αူးαူးျαားျαားααွိαဲ့α‘αြα္ αာαွ αုα္α αာ ααို αူး αိုα αα္αါαα္”αု α₯ီးေαးα₯ီးα ေျαာαိုαα္။
α§αာααီ
Maungdaw,Arakan State: Police personnel from Ramawaddy village outpost had beaten a Rohingya beggar on April 20 in the evening and died in the hospital at about 9:00pm,said a village administration office member.
“The Rohingya beggar- Hussein- is living a village of Alay Than Kyaw who is begging for money for his survival around the village near the Alay Than Kyaw.”
Hussein had crossed the police outpost after begging in the villages and had returned to his village in the evening of April 20 where the Rakhine community had come and enjoying for their water festival in Alay Than Kyaw from every corner of Maungdaw township. All the Rakhine community was also drunk at that time. The outpost police officer- a sergeant - who beat the beggar severely without any question until the beggar become unconsciousness, said a village who is the eyewitness from the village.
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| Hussein, the Rohingya beggar in the hospital after dead |
Assistant Inspector, Hla Myo Htun-the outpost officer in charge- had taken the beggar to the Alya Than Kyaw hospital for treatment but the bagger died in the hospital at about 9:00pm at night, said a staff of hospital who deny to name.
The bagger is an old man who begs for money or foods in the village by village to survival his family as he was old age and not able to work hard. He never asked the sergeant for money or foods. He was only passing in front of outpost and the sergeant had beaten the beggar until dead. Why? One things, he is Rohingya and not a Buddhist, said the hospital staff.
In Maungdaw, the government staff – police and Nasaka – didn’t care the Rohingya as a human. Whenever they want to do some things against the Rohingy they don’t care any law. What they say is the Law, said a student from Alay Than Kyaw.
source : KPN
USDP αါαီα‘ေαျαα့္ αိုα္αံေαာ္αဲြ့α
α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေα αြα္αါαα္ေαာ α‘ေျααံα₯αေα ααား(α)αါ ααိαα
α₯ာျαဳα်α္(αို့) α်α္းαα
α₯ာ αိုα်α္ αံုα
ံαြα္αါαိွαα့္ ေαြးα်α္αံျαီး αိုα္α
ားαွα္ျαα
္αါα ‘‘ αိုα္αံေαာ္αဲြ့α
α္းαံု α‘ေျααံ α₯αေααို αိα္းαိα္း αာαြα္ ေα
ာα့္ေαွာα္ျαီး ’’ α‘α
ား ‘‘ αိုα္αံေαာ္αဲြ့α
α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααို ေαးα
ားαိုα္αာαα္’’ αိုေαာ α
αားαα္ αို ျαα္αα္ေαးαα္ α‘α
ီα
α္ααိွေျαာα္း ျαα္αိုα္ျαိုးαါαီ ၏ααိုေαာ္ααီαα္ α¦းေα‘ာα္ေαာα္း α αα္αုα္αီαီαာ ααုα္ αို့ေျαာျαားαα္။‘‘ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုျαα္ αွြα္ေαာ္αို့αα္ေαာα္αိုα္ေαး α‘αြα္ ေαါα္αာျαα္αာαα ိုး αွα့္ ေαါα္αာေα‘းေαာα္αို့α USDP αါαီ α‘ေαျαα့္ αဲြ့α α္းαံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေααို ျαα္αα္αိုα္αα္ α‘αြα္ αုα္ေαာα္ေαးေα αိုေျαာα္း ေျαာျαားαဲ့ αα့္ α‘ေαα αα္αုα္αီαီαာααုα္ αွ ျαα္αိုα္ျαိုးαါαီ ၏ ααိုေαာ္ααီαα္ α¦းေα‘ာα္ေαာα္းα‘ား ေαးျαα္းαာ α‘α ီα α္ααိွαါေျαာα္းαို α‘αα္αါα‘αိုα္းေျαာျαားαိုα္ျαα္းျαα ္αα္။
‘‘ αြ်α္ေαာ္αို့ α‘ဲαီα αားαα္αို ျαα္αα္αို့၊ αα္ျααို့ α‘α ီα‘α α္ ααိွαါαူး၊ αီα αားαα္α αိုα္αံαိုα္း α‘αံုးျαုေααဲ့ α αားαα္αါ၊αဲြ့α α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααို αာαြα္ ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္ααα္αိုαာ၊ αိုα္αံαားαိုα္း αဲ့αာαα္αါαဲ၊ αီαာα ျαီးαားαဲ့ ျαႆαာαα ္αု ααုα္αါαူး၊ αြ်α္ေαာ္αို့ α‘ေααဲ့ αိုα္αံေαာ္ α‘αို်းαိွေα αα့္ ၊ α‘αို်းαားေαး α‘αို်းαိွေα αα့္ ၊ ျαα္αူα‘αို်းαိွေα αα့္ ၊ αွြα္ေαာ္ α‘αို်းαိွ ေα αα့္ αα္α‘ေျαာα္း α‘αာαို ααိုေαာα္αံαα္ျααြားαို့ α‘αα္αα့္αါαဲ’’ αု ျαα္ေαာα္α ု ျαံ့αိုα္ေαးαွα့္ αံြ့ျαိုးေαးαါαီ ααိုေαာ္ααီαα္ ေαာα္αာျαို့αα္ ျαα္αူ့αွြα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္ α¦းေα‘ာα္ေαာα္းα ေျαာျαားαα္။
Yangon Media Group
αα္ααီး α¦းေα‘ာα္αα္း αဲαα‘αြဲααာ ေαာ္ေαးႏုိα္αံαို αြားေαာα္αဲ့αΏαီး α‘ျαα္αွာ KNPP ႏွα့္ ေαြ ့αုံေαြးေႏြး
ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြဲαေαါα္းေαာα္ αα္ααီး α¦းေα‘ာα္αα္း αဲαα‘αြဲααာ ေαာ္ေαးႏုိα္αံαို αြားေαာα္αဲ့αΏαီး α‘ျαα္αွာ KNPP α‘αြဲαα αူးα¦းαα္ ေαါα္းေαာα္αဲ့ α α¦းαါ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး αိုα္α ားαွα္α‘αြဲααဲα αေααα αေα α αာαီαွာ α αာαီαြဲαΎαာ α‘αြα္αေαာ ေαြααံုαဲ့αါαα္။
ႏွα ္αα္αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး αိုα္α ားαွα္α‘αြဲα ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αာေαြαဲα
αα္αα္αိုα KNPP αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြဲα ေαါα္းေαာα္ αူးα¦းαα္ α α‘ာα‘α္α္ေα‘ αို α‘αုαို ေျαာαါαα္။
"α်ေαာ္αိုα α‘αα္α ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αဲ့ α‘ေαΎαာα္းα‘α်α္ေαြαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီး αααΌα αီ αူαြားαါαိုေαာ့ αααΌα αα်ား αာα‘ေαြαα‘ααံဳα်ား
ေျαာαိုα္ααဲ။ αα်α္α်α္းαို αα္αိုα်ား αααΌα α αိα္ααွာαိုα္ααဲ αိုαာαို α်ေαာ္αိုα αူααို ေαးαာ ျαα္းαာ α‘αြα္αေαာαါαဲ။ αေαာαူαီαွဳααΏαီး ေαာα္αိုα္း ျαα ္α်α္ေααဲ့ α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြ αα္αα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αာေαြα်ား ျαα ္α်α္αဲ့ααဲေαါ့၊ ေαာα္ α‘ဲ့αါေαးေαြαဲ α်ေαာ္αိုα αα ္ေαာα္αို αα ္ေαာα္ α‘α္ααိα္ αုα္αဲ့αေαာαါαဲ၊ ေαာα္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ု α‘αα့္αို αြားαိုαα‘αြα္ αα္α‘α်ိα္α်ား ႏွα ္αα္α αံုးα‘αြα္ α‘αα္ေျαႏုိα္ααဲαိုαဲ့ α‘α်ိα္ေαးαိုαဲ α်ေαာ္αိုα αွိαΎααာαါ။ αါေααα့္ αေαာαူαီαဲ့ α‘αα့္ေαာ့ αေαာα္ႏိုα္ေαးαူး၊"
αိြဳα္ေαာ္αΏαိဳααွာ αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ αα္ααα္းα α‘αα ္α‘αα္ αα္α ဲေαး αα္αွα္αိုးαဲ့α α₯္α KNPP αα္αေα α‘α်α္ αα αα္ျαေαာα္းαို αားαΏαီး α‘ဲ့αီαဲα α‘α်α္ α α်α္αို αေαာααူ ျαα ္αဲ့αာေαΎαာα့္ αααΌα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္αံ αα္ျααΏαီးαွ α‘ေαΎαာα္းျαα္αα္αိုα αα္ααီး α¦းေα‘ာα္αα္း αိုααα္α ေျαာαိုαားαဲ့αာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
ျαα္ေαာα္α ုα‘αα့္αဲααα္ေαြးေႏြးႏိုα္αိုααိုေαာ့ KNPP αα္α
ေαααဲαွာေαြααံုαိုα αα္ျααဲ့ေααα့္ αα္ααီး α¦းေα‘ာα္αα္းα αျαား αုိα္းαα္းαားα‘αြဲαေαြ αြα္၊ ααα္၊ α αဲ့α‘αြဲαေαြαဲα ေαြααံုαိုα αွိေαေαးααို αြα္ေαာ္αα္ေαာα္αိုααα္းαွိေααဲ့α‘αြα္ αα‘ားαα္ေαးေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαိုαဲ့αα္αုိα αိααါαα္။
Source : RFA
ααုα‘α ားαိုးαα္αα‘α္αိုα္αူα်ားαဲαြα္ αိုα္αွဴးα်ဳα္ α‘αα့္ α α¦း αိုα္αွဴးααီး α‘αα့္ αα α¦း ႏွα့္ αုαုိα္αွဴးααီး α‘αα့္ αα α¦းαိုα αါαα္αα္αိုေαြαααာ αα္αွိ αα္αေαာ္αား αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ားαα္ αာαူးျαα့္αားαူ αα္ααα္းႏွα့္α်ီ αါαα္αာျαα္းျαα ္αα္။
ααုαα္αွိα‘α်ိα္αိ αα္αေαာ္αား αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ားαဲαြα္ αုိα္αွဴးα်ဳα္ α‘αα့္αွိαူ α α¦းαာαွိေααဲ့αာαွ ααု αα¦းαα္αံ αα့္αြα္းαိုα္ျαα္းαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
αα္αုα္αΏαိဳααွ α‘αα္αေαααိုαα့္ αα္αေαာ္αား αိုα္α ားαွα္αα¦းα ေျαာαိုαာαြα္ α‘α ားαိုးαံααα့္ αα္αေαာ္αား αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ားαဲαြα္ α‘αα္α α₯္ αα αα္း αိုα္αွဴးα‘αα့္αိ αါαα္ေαΎαာα္း၊ α‘α္α‘α္α္αီ αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ား αႊα္ေαာ္αဲ αα္αာေαာ့αα့္ α‘α်α္ႏွα့္ ααုα‘α ားαိုးαဲαွα္αα့္ α‘ျαα ္α‘α်α္ αα္α α္αα္αု ၎α‘ေαျαα့္ αူαေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαိုαα္။
၎αα္αေαာ္αား αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ားα‘ား ααုαႊα္ေαာ္ ျαα္αα္ αα αα္αီ α αα္α‘αို ααα္းα ေαျαα္ေαာ္αိုα ေαာα္αွိေααα္ αႊα္αΎαားαဲ့ေαΎαာα္းαα္း ေျαာαိုαα္။
αααα αုႏွα ္ αြဲαα α္းα‘ုα္α်ဳα္αံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေαα‘α αႊα္ေαာ္αြα္ αα္αေαာ္αား αိုα္α ားαွα္ αα αာαိုα္ႏႈα္းαို ေαြးα်α္α αာ ααိုαဲ αα္αα‘α္αြα့္αွိαα္αု ေααျααားαα္။
αα္α ုႏွα ္ α αုေα်ာ္αΎαာ α α ္αα္α‘α ိုးα၏ αိႏွိα္αႈαံαဲ့ααα့္ α‘α္α‘α္α္αီαါαီα ααုααα္းαြα္α်α္းααα့္ αΎαားျαα္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαြα္ αα ေααာ α‘ႏိုα္ααွိαဲ့αΏαီး αႊα္ေαာ္αဲ αါαα္αာေαာ့αα္ ျαα ္αα္။
αိုαေαာ္ αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ား α်α္းα်ိα္αα့္ α ာαားαြα္ α‘ေျααံα₯αေααို αာαြα္ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αါαα္ αိုαα့္α ာαားαို ျαα္αα္ေαးαα္ α‘α္α‘α္α္αီαါαီαွ αα္ျααားαာ ၎αိုα၏ αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္α်ား αေααျαα္αα္α αα္αα့္ αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα αα္ေαာα္ႏိုα္ျαα္း ααွိေαးေα။ ။
Source : Yangon Press International
YANGON, Myanmar - Aung San Suu Kyi's party confirmed Sunday, April 22, that it will postpone its parliamentary debut next week in the first sign of discord between Myanmar's newly-elected opposition and reformist government.
The democracy icon and other members of her National League for Democracy (NLD) will not travel to the capital Naypyidaw to enter parliament on Monday, party spokesman Ohn Kyaing told AFP, following a dispute over the swearing-in oath.
"We are not boycotting, but we are just waiting for the right time to go," said Suu Kyi, who won her first-ever seat in parliament in landmark April 1 by-elections, after a meeting on the issue in Yangon.
The NLD has baulked at the wording of the oath, which requires them to protect a constitution that was drawn up by the country's former junta.
Authorities have rejected the party's appeal to change the wording of the oath from "safeguard" to "respect" the constitution and a letter to the office of Myanmar's reformist President Thein Sein on the issue was sent too late for the row to be resolved before the next session of parliament begins on Monday.
The NLD, which boycotted a controversial 2010 election, agreed to rejoin the political mainstream last year after authorities changed a similar phrase in party registration documents.
Suu Kyi has said one of her priorities as a politician is to push for an amendment of the 2008 constitution, under which one quarter of the seats in parliament are reserved for unelected military officials.
The spat casts a shadow over a rapid thawing in relations between long-isolated Myanmar and the international community since the Nobel Peace Prize winner and her party achieved a decisive win in the April 1 polls.
Suu Kyi, who was locked up for most of the last two decades, has shown increased confidence in the regime in recent weeks, calling for European Union sanctions to be suspended and planning her first international trip in 24 years. - Agence France-Presse
The democracy icon and other members of her National League for Democracy (NLD) will not travel to the capital Naypyidaw to enter parliament on Monday, party spokesman Ohn Kyaing told AFP, following a dispute over the swearing-in oath.
"We are not boycotting, but we are just waiting for the right time to go," said Suu Kyi, who won her first-ever seat in parliament in landmark April 1 by-elections, after a meeting on the issue in Yangon.
The NLD has baulked at the wording of the oath, which requires them to protect a constitution that was drawn up by the country's former junta.
Authorities have rejected the party's appeal to change the wording of the oath from "safeguard" to "respect" the constitution and a letter to the office of Myanmar's reformist President Thein Sein on the issue was sent too late for the row to be resolved before the next session of parliament begins on Monday.
The NLD, which boycotted a controversial 2010 election, agreed to rejoin the political mainstream last year after authorities changed a similar phrase in party registration documents.
Suu Kyi has said one of her priorities as a politician is to push for an amendment of the 2008 constitution, under which one quarter of the seats in parliament are reserved for unelected military officials.
The spat casts a shadow over a rapid thawing in relations between long-isolated Myanmar and the international community since the Nobel Peace Prize winner and her party achieved a decisive win in the April 1 polls.
Suu Kyi, who was locked up for most of the last two decades, has shown increased confidence in the regime in recent weeks, calling for European Union sanctions to be suspended and planning her first international trip in 24 years. - Agence France-Presse
There are many ethnic groups in Myanmar. They all are non-Muslims .Majority are Buddhists. And some of them are Christians. However, they all have been recognized as the citizens of Myanmar. These Christians are also facing various kinds of racism in Myanmar as you all know it but less than Rohingya Muslims of Arakan state. It is because they are not Buddhists.
There are so many Chinese peoples in Myanmar who migrated from China today they are the citizens of Myanmar. There are so many Bangladeshi Rakhine in Myanmar, especially, in Arakan state who have got Myanmar nationality. There are so many Hindus in Myanmar who migrated from India and Nepal. They all have been given nationalities because they are not Muslims.
There are no any historical proofs that there were Chinese and Hindus people in Myanmar. Now, where have they come with Myanmar citizenship from? As I said earlier, there is thousands of Bangladeshi Rakhine in Arakan state who migrated from Bangladesh now with Myanmar citizenship.
According to some racists, Rohingya are from Bangladesh because their language is similar to Bangladeshi language though there are many historical proofs and evidences that Rohingya are from Myanmar not from Bangladesh. I want to ask those racists here are. What is the difference of Rakhine language and Burmese language? Isn’t similar? Rakhine language is more than 80% to Burmese language. Does it mean that Rakhine are descendents of Burmese people or Burmese people come from Rakhine?
Some racists say that Rohingya's religion and culture is unlike us, how can they be given citizenship of Myanmar? This is very illogical excuse. As we all know that there are Muslims in almost every countries of the world with different religions and cultures. And there are also non-Muslims in Muslims countries. For example, there are Rakhine Buddhists in Bangladesh with Bangladeshi nationalities. Is their religions and cultures are same?
Can a language be a judgment factor in whether a community is a citizen of a country or not?
According to some racists, Muslims in Arakan state cannot be nationals of Myanmar simply because they can’t speak Burmese. One would be wrong to say so because the educated Muslims in Arakan state can speak Burmese fluently. More than 90% of the Rakhine in Arakan state can’t speak Burmese fluently either but they speak Rakhine language. Besides, some of Kachins, Chins, Mons, and Shans etc. can’t speak Burmese. Are not they citizens of Myanmar? These facts cannot be a judgment factor in deciding the nationality of the people in Myanmar.
As far as I am concerned, many Muslims in Arakan can’t speak Burmese because these people are locked mostly in northern Arakan state and there are no proximity and close relationships between Burmese and these people. Many of them cannot find a single Burmese to speak with. So, how can they speak Burmese? We have to think logically rather than on arbitrary basis. But those (Muslims) people who have close relationships with local Rakhine can speak Rakhine fluently. The worse thing is that even many high school students in Maung Daw and Buthidaung cannot speak Burmese fluently because they are, in their schools, taught in local Rakhine dialect even though the books are in Burmese language.
Moreover, in India, Ethnic Tamil, Telugu etc. don't even know the official Hindi language let alone speaking it. Are not they citizens of India? In China, official Language is Mandarin and there are millions of people who can't speak the language. Are not they citizens of China? In Thailand, people who live southern part can't speak Thai properly. Are not they considered as citizens of Thailand? In Bangladesh, there millions of people who can't speak Shudda Basha (spelling...). Are not they citizens of Bangladesh? These are few examples. The open-minded, logical and peace-loving people will understand this.
Here, I'd like to ask those people who criticize Rohingya Muslims for not being able to speak Burmese fluently that how they can be able to speak it fluently under the circumstances that they were born in Arakan state and are locked up in cage like birds. So, to be qualified as an ethnic group, they don't necessarily be able to speak the language of dominant or majority people.
Therefore, I think my only fault is that I am a Muslim.
Kefyeth Noor (BA.LLB)
αα
္ႏိုα္αံαုံးαွိαူααα္း ေα်ာα္းေαα‘αြα္αေαးα်ားααာαα္းαူးႏိုα္αα္α‘αြα္ ေαာα္αံ့αူαီαႈα်ား ျαဳαုα္αြားαα္αု ααာေαးαα္ααီး αာααွ αိααα္။
''α‘αα္αုα္းα αα
္αာαွာ αွα
္αα္ αα္αα္။ α‘αုαိုαα္ αာαα့္ႏွα
္αွာ αα
-αα ေαာα္ αα္ႏိုα္ေα‘ာα္ ေαာα္αြα္αြားαα္''αု αုαိααα္ααီး α₯ီးေα‘းαΎαဴ α ေျαာαα္။
αααα-αααα ααာαα္ႏွα
္α‘αြα္း ααα္αေαα αူααα္းα
αα
္αို α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ ေαာ္αြားαα္ျαα
္αΏαီး ααုႏွα
္αြα္ αα
္ႏိုα္αံαုံးαွိ αူααα္းα‘αα့္ ေα်ာα္းαား α်ားα‘ား ျααာα္းα
ာα‘ုα္α်ားα‘ျαα္ေα်ာα္းαုံး ααာα
ာα‘ုα္α‘ααဲ့ ေαာα္αံ့αြားαα္ျαα
္αာ αူααα္း α‘αα့္ ေα်ာα္းေααေαး αိုးαα္ျαα့္αားေαး α‘αြα္ αိုေαာα္αံ့ αူαီαႈα်ားαွာ αα
္α
ိα္αα
္αိုα္းျαα
္ေαΎαာα္း αုαိααα္ααီးα αα္ေαာα္း αိုαα္။
''αါα αူααα္းα‘αα့္αါ။ ေα်ာα္းေααေαးေαြ αိုးαိုααုα္ေαးαာ α်ဳိး ျαα ္αα္။ ေαာα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αα္းαဲႏြα္းαါးαΏαီး ေα်ာα္းααα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ αေαးေαြα‘αြα္ ααာေαးαα္ααီးαာα αေααΏαီးေαာ့ αာαα့္ααာ αα္ႏွα ္αွာ ေαာα္αံ့ေαΎαးေαးαိုααα္း αွိαα္''αု αα္းααိုαα္။
ႏိုα္αံαွိ αူααα္းေα်ာα္းေαα‘αြα္ αေαးαα္α‘α်ဳိα α ာαα္αα္းျαα္α αိုα ေαာα္αွိαာ α‘αုα္αြα္αဲαိုα ေαာα္αွိေααႈα‘ား αြဲαုα္ႏိုα္αွ ႏိုα္αံ၌ ααာαα္ αူαα္αူαြα္α်ားα ြာ αိုးαα္ႏိုα္αα္αု ျαα္αာ့ααာေαး ေα ာα့္αΎαα့္ေα့αာαူ α‘α်ဳိαα αုံးαα္αΎααα္။
''αုαα ္ႏွα ္ αွα ္ႏွα ္α‘αြα္ αေαးαα္ေαြ α ာαα္αα္းαွာαဲ αွိေαααα္။ α‘αု αီαိုααုα္αဲ αΏαိဳαααီးေαြαဲα αα္αΏαိဳαα‘α်ဳိαေαြαွာ α ားαြဲαိုးαုα္ေαααာ၊ α‘ိα္ေαာ္ αုα္ေαα αာေαြαို ေαြαααα္။ αါေαြ ျαα္ေαααာ α ိα္ ααα္αာαူး။ ႏိုα္αံα‘ေααဲα αါေαြαို αူαီေαးαα့္αα္။ αိုαိုαာαေαာ့ αူαိုαေαြαို α ာαα္αα္းαဲαိ ေαာα္ေα‘ာα္ αြဲေααေαး ααα္'' αု ျαα္αာ့ααာေαး ေα ာα့္αΎαα့္αူ αα ္α₯ီးααိုαα္။
αုααααၢ αေαးα်ား αα္αုံေαြα‘αြဲα၊ α‘α်ဳိးαားα ီαံαိα္း α ီးαြားေαးႏွα့္ αြံααΏαိဳး αိုးαα္αႈαα္ααီးαာααိုα αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αα့္ α α ္αα္း α‘α ႏိုα္αံ၌ αူααα္း ααာေαး αΏαီးαုံးαႈႏႈα္း၊ αူααα္း αα္ေαာα္αႈႏႈα္း αွာ αြα္ေαααာαα့္ α ာαα္းα‘α α‘ားααႈααွိαု ျαα္αာ့ααာေαး ေα့αာ αူα‘α်ဳိαα ေαာα္ျααα္။
αααα-αααα ααာαα္ႏွα
္α‘αြα္း ααα္αေαα αူααα္းα
αα
္αို α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ ေαာ္αြားαα္ျαα
္αΏαီး ααုႏွα
္αြα္ αα
္ႏိုα္αံαုံးαွိ αူααα္းα‘αα့္ ေα်ာα္းαား α်ားα‘ား ျααာα္းα
ာα‘ုα္α်ားα‘ျαα္ေα်ာα္းαုံး ααာα
ာα‘ုα္α‘ααဲ့ ေαာα္αံ့αြားαα္ျαα
္αာ αူααα္း α‘αα့္ ေα်ာα္းေααေαး αိုးαα္ျαα့္αားေαး α‘αြα္ αိုေαာα္αံ့ αူαီαႈα်ားαွာ αα
္α
ိα္αα
္αိုα္းျαα
္ေαΎαာα္း αုαိααα္ααီးα αα္ေαာα္း αိုαα္။''αါα αူααα္းα‘αα့္αါ။ ေα်ာα္းေααေαးေαြ αိုးαိုααုα္ေαးαာ α်ဳိး ျαα ္αα္။ ေαာα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αα္းαဲႏြα္းαါးαΏαီး ေα်ာα္းααα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ αေαးေαြα‘αြα္ ααာေαးαα္ααီးαာα αေααΏαီးေαာ့ αာαα့္ααာ αα္ႏွα ္αွာ ေαာα္αံ့ေαΎαးေαးαိုααα္း αွိαα္''αု αα္းααိုαα္။
ႏိုα္αံαွိ αူααα္းေα်ာα္းေαα‘αြα္ αေαးαα္α‘α်ဳိα α ာαα္αα္းျαα္α αိုα ေαာα္αွိαာ α‘αုα္αြα္αဲαိုα ေαာα္αွိေααႈα‘ား αြဲαုα္ႏိုα္αွ ႏိုα္αံ၌ ααာαα္ αူαα္αူαြα္α်ားα ြာ αိုးαα္ႏိုα္αα္αု ျαα္αာ့ααာေαး ေα ာα့္αΎαα့္ေα့αာαူ α‘α်ဳိαα αုံးαα္αΎααα္။
''αုαα ္ႏွα ္ αွα ္ႏွα ္α‘αြα္ αေαးαα္ေαြ α ာαα္αα္းαွာαဲ αွိေαααα္။ α‘αု αီαိုααုα္αဲ αΏαိဳαααီးေαြαဲα αα္αΏαိဳαα‘α်ဳိαေαြαွာ α ားαြဲαိုးαုα္ေαααာ၊ α‘ိα္ေαာ္ αုα္ေαα αာေαြαို ေαြαααα္။ αါေαြ ျαα္ေαααာ α ိα္ ααα္αာαူး။ ႏိုα္αံα‘ေααဲα αါေαြαို αူαီေαးαα့္αα္။ αိုαိုαာαေαာ့ αူαိုαေαြαို α ာαα္αα္းαဲαိ ေαာα္ေα‘ာα္ αြဲေααေαး ααα္'' αု ျαα္αာ့ααာေαး ေα ာα့္αΎαα့္αူ αα ္α₯ီးααိုαα္။
αုααααၢ αေαးα်ား αα္αုံေαြα‘αြဲα၊ α‘α်ဳိးαားα ီαံαိα္း α ီးαြားေαးႏွα့္ αြံααΏαိဳး αိုးαα္αႈαα္ααီးαာααိုα αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αα့္ α α ္αα္း α‘α ႏိုα္αံ၌ αူααα္း ααာေαး αΏαီးαုံးαႈႏႈα္း၊ αူααα္း αα္ေαာα္αႈႏႈα္း αွာ αြα္ေαααာαα့္ α ာαα္းα‘α α‘ားααႈααွိαု ျαα္αာ့ααာေαး ေα့αာ αူα‘α်ဳိαα ေαာα္ျααα္။
Popular Myanmar News Journal
αα္αေαာ္αာαြα္ေαးα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ αုαိααိုα္α်ဳα္αွဴးαΎαီးαα္းေα‘ာα္αွိဳα္ ႏွα့္ αααΌααΎαီးα‘αါα‘αα္ αႊα္ေαာ္αα ္αုαံုး ႏွα့္ ျαα္αူα်ားαိေα αα္αα္ျααိုα္ααါαα္။
αိαားα ုα‘ေαးαα္ေα‘ာα္αြα္αာαα္αα္းေαာα္ေαေαာα‘αာαွိα်ားα‘ေαျαα့္αိαိαိုα၏αိαားα ုα‘ေαး
αိα
α₯α်ားαွိαျαα့္-α-α
ႏွα
္ေααွ αြα္ααα
္αΎαိα္ေαာα္းαံαွ်α္αα္ α₯ီးα
ီးα်ဳα္αေαာ္αံ αααံုး-αံုးαααα္ ααα္းေαာေαြေαΎαးျαα့္ αြားေαာα္ ေαာα္းαံαွαြα့္ျαဳေαးαါαα္။ αူααံ α
α₯္αα္αα်α္αα
α₯္ αααံုး-αံုးαααα္ααα္းαα္ေαΎαး ေαးေααူα်ားαိုေαာα αΎαိဳα္ααိုαြα္αျαဳ α‘ေျαα‘ေααα္αီးေαးαါαα္။ αα္ေα‘ာα္ α‘αာαွိα်ားα‘ေαျαα့္ αိαိαာαာαိαားα
ုေαΎαာα့္ (αိုα) ေα
်းαြα္ α‘ေျαာα္း α‘αဲေαΎαာα့္ ေαွးαေαြα‘αα္းαα္ျαα့္ α
ုေαာα္းαားေαာ ေျα၊α‘ိα္α်ားေα
်းαα္αΏαီး α်α္းαာ αာαူα်ားαိုαα္း αုαိαာααြားႏိုα္αဲ αα္းα‘ိα္αိုααα္ေαΎαးαေαးαွ်α္ α‘ာαာαိုα‘αံုးα်αΏαီး α‘αြα္αα္αဲေαာ ေααာαာα၊ ျαႆαာα‘ျαα
္ႏိုα္αံုးေααာα်ားαိုαိုααΏαီးαုαα‘ေαာα္ေα‘ာα္αုα္αါαα္။ α₯ီးα
ီးα်ဳα္ ျαα
္αူααα္းαိα္းαေျαာαα္αα‘αိုα္းα‘αုα္αိုα္αုα္ေααα္αွာαα္αွားေααါαα္။
ေαααα္ေα‘းျαα့္αα္ α
α
္αူαာျαဳαα
္α₯ီး ျαα
္αဲααူး αျαα့္ ααုေααα္αြα္ α
α
္αူαာျαဳα်ားαိုαူαားေαာ α‘αာαွိα်ားαို α‘αα္α‘α်α္းαွိαွိ ααွိαွိ αီ၊αေαာၤα်ားႏွα့္αိုα္ေαာေααာα်ားαြα္αွိαΏαီးαူα်ားαို α‘ေαΎαာα္းαွာ αα္αုα္αΏαီး αα္းαိုααိုေααာေαးေααါαα္။ αα္းα‘αီးေα αိုα္αွဴးαα္αွ်ံျαိဳး αိုαူ၏ααီးαွာαα္းα
α
္αူαာျαဳျαα
္αΏαီး ေαααα္ေα‘းျαα့္α‘ားαိုးျαα့္αိαိαα္α
ီαီαာ α‘αာαွိαΎαီးα်ားႏွα့္ ααီးα်ားαိုαα္ αိုα္းျαα
ြာααူααို αα္αံαα္αူျαα
္αါαα္။ αα္း၏α
α
္αူαာျαဳαα္αα္းαα္း ααီးα်ားαွိαူ α‘αာαွိαိုα္းαို αα္αα္ျαα္ႏွα့္ ျαα္αူααာေαြαွααေαာα္α
ာαα္းαိα္၊ αα္ေαΎαးေαာα္ αုα္ႏို္α္ေαာ ေααာα်ားαိုαိုαေαးαားαΏαီး αα္းα‘αာαွိα်ားααα္းαααွ်α‘αုα္αုα္αာ αေαာၤျαα္αα္ေαး၊ αα္αြαံျαိဳးေαးႏွα့္ αα္ေα‘ာα္αα္αား αဲေαာ္α်ားα‘αြα္ ααုα္αဲ αိαိα‘ိα္αဲႏွα့္α₯ီးα
ီးα်ဳα္α‘ိα္α‘αြα္αိုαေαးျαα္းျαα္α ေααα္αိုαုαုံးαုα္α
ားေααΎααါαα္။ေααα္αွာαွိαဲαα‘αာ
αွိαဲα αာαိုα္ႏွဳα္းα‘αα္းαα္ေαာ α‘αာαွိα်ားႏွα့္ α₯ီးα
ီးα်ဳα္αိαားα
ုαေαာα αα္းαိုααိαားα
ုα‘ေαးαို α‘α်ိα္αိုα္းα‘αြα္αααုα္ေαာα္ေααါαα္။ααီးααၤαာေαာα္αိုαα္αα္း ႏို္α္αံေαΎαာ္αα္းαားႏွα့္αα္းααီး ααၤαာေαာα္αα္αΎαီးα်α္ေα‘ာα္αုα္αဲααါαα္၊αူαိုααဲααားααီးαိα
α₯αိုα်ားαာαာαα‘α
αူαိုααα္αုα္ αα္းαာαာαါ။ αα္αဲαဲαေααာေαြαွာေαာα္ေααဲα α‘αာαွိေαြ (α‘αူးαျαα့္ α‘ိα္αို αα္ေαΎαး αေαးႏိုα္αူေαြ)α‘αြα္ေαာα αα
္ႏွα
္ေααိုααα
္αါ αိαားα
ုα‘ေαး α‘αြα္α‘ေαးαΎαီးαα္ေαာα္ αြα့္αααΎααါαူး၊ ေαာαဲααα္αုα္ααα္ααါαူး။ αα္α်ဳα္αΎαီးေျαာαဲα αα္αိαားα
ု welfare αိုαာα‘ဲαါαိုေျαာေαααို ေααα္αွာေαာαျαα
္ေααါαα္၊ ေαာα္αာေαာα္αားေαြα‘αြα္ ေαးαဲα message ααα္း αα္းαိုααα္α‘αြα္α‘αုα္αုα္αΏαီး αဲေαာ္ေαြα်α
္ေααာααိုααα္ ααုα္αာα‘αုα္αုα္ αိုα္αံααေαာα္αွာαΏαီး αါααားေαာ္αΎαီးαဲααα္αြα္ αါαα‘ိα္αိုαူေαာ္αွ αိုαာျαα
္ေααါαααီေαာαααα္αα္း ေαးαံαဲαေααာေαြαွာ αာααွα္αာαα္αα္းေαာα္ααူα်ား α
ိα္αါα္ေαြα်α္αုα္αါαΏαီ။ αာαα
္ျαα
္αုα္းα αေαာၤαα
္αဲα α‘αဲαါαြားαဲα αို္α္αΎαီးαဲαααီးα ေαααα္ေα‘းျαα့္αဲαေαြαα်α္αိုααြα္αေαာα္းαာ ααွိαူးαဲျαα္းαΏαီး ေαွာα္αα္-αေαးααေαါα္းေαာα္αႏွα
္αိα္ααာαံα်α္αာαါ၊ α‘αုαႏွα
္ေαာα္αΎαာαΏαီးαွ ေαာα္αေαးα α‘αွျαα္αိုα္αွာα‘αုα္αုα္ေααာျαα္ေαြαေαာα ေαααα္ေα‘းျαα့္αေαးαα္αဲα ေαာα်ာၤးαွာေαးαααား αိုααဲα αဲαα္αိုα်ိဳး α
ိα္αါα္αွိαဲααိα္းαα αα္αေαာ္αွာα₯ီးေαာα္ေααဲααူ αα
္α₯ီးαဲααိα္းααါαဲααဲ၊ αိုαေαးα ေαါαေαြαြα္αာ αူαΎαီးαိα္းααိုααိုαျαα္αေျαာαုိα္αာαိုα αိααါαα္။ αူαာαိုα္α်α္းα
ာαα္αα္αူαိုα αα္α
α₯္ααα္း α‘αα္αူαΎαီးေαΎαာα့္αံα
ားααာေαြαွိαဲααာαဲ၊ αူαိုα္αိုα္αဲ ေαာα်ၤားαα
ာαဲααေαာα္αိုα ေαးαံုαိုαΎαီးαွာαေαးေαြαူαα္းေα
αေα‘ာα္αွာေαα½ြးαဲαα αာαို α‘αု αα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္αားေαြαဲαααီးေαြ α‘αုα္αုα္αာ ααΎαိဳα္αူးαိုαဲ αွα္ αားေαာα္αါαα္။
αာαူးေααာα်ား-αုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးႏိုα္αα္းေα်ာ္αိုαα္း α ီαံG-1 ေααာαိုေαး ႏို္α္αံေαာ္αα်ေαးαဲα αီေαြα ီαံα ာαα္းαိα္ေα ေαါα၊ αီေαာαႏိုα္αα္းေα်ာ္αဲααူαိα္းαααα္း αα္αေαာα္းαα္ αိαိαα္α ီαီαာα်ားαα္ αူαိုααို α‘αိုα‘ေαေαးαααို ααူααိုααα္ααို αα္αံေαါα၊ αုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးေα်ာ္ေαႊαြα္းαိုαာαိုα αာαα္ G-1 α‘ျαα ္αား ေαααα္ေα‘းျαα့္α αူαα‘ိα္αိုαα္ေαΎαးေαးαူαို ေααာαာααာαူးαα္αိုα္းေαါα၊ ျαီးαွ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α αေα်αα္αိုαေαးαူαွိαα္ αီေαာα္ေαြ αါααီးαြားေααုα္း αα္αိုαုα္αိုα္αာαဲαိုျαီး ααိα်α္ေαာα္ေαာα္၊ αူααိαဲ αာαူးေααာေαြ α‘ေျαာα္းα‘ေαႊαေαြαုα္αိုαααါαααားα‘αα္ααိုαေα။ α‘αုαိုαα္းαΎαα့္ NTC αα္αိုα ေααα္αွာ αα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္αားေαြααΎαီဳα္αဲααူေαြ αာျαα ္αႈαွαα္း ααွိαဲ ေαးα αာေααာ ေαြαွိαာαို ααα္α်α္αားαΏαီး αုα္α်α္ααိုαုα္ αΏαီးေαာααွ αααူးα αုα္αာαိုαΏαီး αႊဲα်αိုα္αာ αြα္αြα္ေαးေαါα။ αူေαြα‘ျαα ္ααα္းαာ αွα္αα္၊ α‘ျαα ္ααα္ေαာα္αΎαီးαဲ၊ αα္αူαိုαိαိုα္αာαဲ-αα္αေαာ္αΎαီးαိုαိαြားαားαိုαာααုα္αဲ၊ αာαွααΎαီးα်α္αာေαြαိုေαာα α‘ျαα ္αိုαေျαာαα္၊ αီαိုαို α‘αု NTC αα္αိုα αါαြားαဲα ေα်ာ္ေα်ာ္α₯ီးαိုαဲααူαိုαα္ ααေαာα္αွာ Q-1 αိုαာαုα္ေααာα‘ိုေαေαာααွာ αူαိုေαာα αိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးααါαါေα‘ာα္α‘αα္းαို-ααΎαိα္ααါαြဲαα္αα္၊ ေα်ာ္ေα်ာ္α₯ီးαိα္းαα αံαα္α‘αီေαာα္αိုးေαာα္းαီαို αα္ျαီးαα္းααားေααာ αα္αဲαα α္းေαာ္αိုαာ αာα်α္αွαာαာ αိα α₯ααုα္αူး၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αဲα αα္αုα္α-ααα္αိုα္αΎαီးေαာα္αာααုα္ႏွိα္ေαးαα္ေα၊ αα α₯္αα္ေαΎαး αိုααα္ေα၊ α‘ျαားα‘αာαွိေαြ αဲααိα္းαေαြα α‘α်ိဳးαားαα ာααံုေαာα္αိုα αိαိααာαဲα αုα္αα္းαြα္αα္ α ီးαြားေαးαုα္ αားααီးေαြ αူαα္းေα ααိုααုα္ေααဲα αΎαားααα္ႏို္α္αေαာα္ αူαိုαေαာα်ၤားေαြαွိαဲαα‘ေαးαိုαြားα်α္αာαွα္ααဲα αα္α‘αုα္ေαြ αုα္ႏိုα္ αေαာα္α‘ားျαα္ααာ α‘αွား α‘αα္းαα္αွိαာαဲα α‘ျαα ္ျαα ္αα္၊ αα္αေαာ္αွာ αာαα္αα္ααားαာ ေαာα်ၤားαိုαါ၊ αိα္းαေαြααါααီ ျαα္ααα္ ျαα ္ααα္αိုαာ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαဲα αေαာ္ ေαααα္αΎαα္αိုαား α‘αုေαα္ျαα ္ေαααို α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘ိα္αွာα‘αα္ေαါα္ ေαြαိုααူαα‘ိα္αိα α₯ αုα္ေαးαားαိုαာαိα်α္αါαα္။ ေαာα္αာ ေαာα္αားေαြ α‘αြα္ ေαးαဲαmessage αေαာα ေαာα်ာၤးαာαူးαα္α်α္αα္ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αေαာ္αီαွာ αα္αူးေαာα္း αြားေαာα္၊ ေαာα်ာၤးαို ααုα္αာα‘αုα္αုα္αိုααိုα္αြα္း αα္αို αα္ျααံုးαုα္αုα္၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘ိα္αα္α αာαိုααဲαိုေαာα α‘ဲαီαိုααုα္αα္ αဲေαာ္ααဲα်α ္αွာ αာαူးαααူး αα္ျαဳျαα္αာ αူαΎαီးေαြα‘ျαα္ေαာα္း ေα‘ာα္ αုα္αα္ααΏαီ αွာααွ်ေαြαိုα္αα‘ိα္αဲαα္ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αα္αြဲေαးαိုα္။ ααα္ေျαာαာ-ေααα္αွာ αဲေαာ္ေαြαဲျαႆαာααွာ၊ ေα်ာ္ေα‘ာα္αုα္ေαးαα္၊ α‘αာαွိαα္ေαြαိုαα္း αွ်ααα္၊ αူαဲαေααဲααူαΎαီးαိုα္းαဲα‘αွα္ေαြαေα‘ာα္αူαဲαုα္ααာ၊ αူααိα္းαααα္း αα္αူαို αွα‘αα့္α‘αα္းααြဲαူး၊ αူαိုααာαူးαααူး၊ αူαိုα္း α ိα္αေαာα္းαΎααူး၊ αါေαာα္α‘ဲαီαူα ααူαိုααိုαာαူး αα ္ေααာေαာαေαးαွာαါαိုααα္ေααုα္း၊ αူαိုααာαွααုα္αာ ααုα္αားαူး၊ αူαိုααာαα္αူေα်αα္၊ αူαΎαီးေαြααီαိုααုα္αူးαိုααα္ေααα္၊ αီαူေαြေαာ္ေααα္α αိုးαြα္းေαာαα‘αα္αိုα ေျαာαေαာααα္၊αူαိုααိုေα်ာ္αΏαီး ႏိုα္αα္းေα်ာ္αိုα ေα်ာ္ေαႊαြα္းαိုαααြားαွာ၊ αα္α်ားα‘αုα္αွာေαာ္αာαာαုα္αွာαဲαα္α်ားαာαွαေαးαဲαဲα၊αူαိုျαα ္αာαူαα ္ေαာα္αဲααုα္αူး၊ ααα္αα္ααြα္αြားαူေαြαွာေαာ ααုαα္αွိ αာαူး α‘αိုးααံααူေαြαဲαွာαါ α‘α်ားαΎαီးαဲ αဲα‘αα္ααိုααα္αိုαုα္ααဲαα္αြα္းα α္းαံုးေαးαိုαေျαာαα္၊αိα္αံုးαα αΏαီးαွ်ααႈααွိαဲ ေαြးαြဲα‘ုα္ α်ဳα္αα္၊ αα္αိုα α္းαံုးေαး αုα္αွာαဲ၊ ေαα်ာαာα ααံုαα္ α‘αု NLD αို αα ္ႏိုα္αံαံုးαဲေαြးαိုα္း αα္ေαြαွိαဲαေααာαိုα္း αြα္αα္α ြာαဲေαးαိုα္း NLD ႏိုα္αိ္α္ααα္ αာαိုααဲ αူαာαွαုα္αေαးႏိုα္ေααဲα α‘αုαα္αွိ α‘ာαာαွα္αိုျαα ္ေααာαို α‘αြα့္αူးαံααဲα αα%ααာေα်ာ္ေααာ α်α္αာေαြα αα္αဲαွာαာေααΎααΏαီ၊α‘ျαα္ျαα္αိုαα‘α်ိα္ααါေαးαα္။αα္αေαα‘α်ိα္αα်ေαးαဲαြα္αြားααူေαြαိုαα္း αီα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αα္αα္αွာα‘αြα္αုαα‘ေαာα္αါαα္၊αာαွαိုျαα္ααΎαα္αေαးαာαါ၊αူαိုααွာျαα ္αႈα‘αΎαီးαΎαီး ေαြαွိαာαဲααုα္၊ αာαူးαိုးαေαးα်α္αာ ေα‘ာα္α α‘αα္αို ေααာေαးα်α္αာαဲα α ိα္αါα္α်ေα‘ာα္ αုα္αα္၊ αိုးေαွးα α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ေαြαိုαα္ αိုα္ααီαွာ αူαာαူးαα္αိုαေααာααွိαα္ αာαုα္α်α္αဲေαးαα္၊ α‘αα္αα္ေျαာα္းα်α္αα္၊ αα့္ေαာ္αဲααα္αΎαီးαာααို α်ိα္αΏαီး αူαဲααα္αိုေααာαို αိုα္αီαα္αိုαာ α α₯္α ားေαးαα္၊ α‘αုα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α ေαြးေααα္ေα αႊα္ααα ္ααို αα ္αိုα္αာ αိုα္ααာαာαွာα ားαဲ၊ αα္α α₯္ααီα‘ိα္αိုαα္ေαα်αိုα α‘ိα္αြားျαီးေαα αာα‘ိα္ααွိ αေαးေα်ာα္းα αိα္ αိုေααာαို αြားေျαာျααာေαာα္ αုα္ααိုးαα ္ေαာα္း ႏွα ္ေαာα္းေαးαိုα္αα္ ေαာα္αα ္αါေαြαေαာααူး၊ αူααα္αဲααူααို αာαα္ေαာααဲα α်ိα္αံုျαα္αα ္αα္ေαာα္αိα္းα်ီαါαα္၊ α‘ဲαီαိုαα္ေα‘ာα္αα္αားα်ားαို ααားαွ်αα ြာαΎαα့္αွဳေααိုα ေααα္αΎαီးα်α္ααα္α်α္ေαာααွာαာαွααုα္αΎαေαာααူးαား။
α်ဳα္αွာ αီα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ αဲα α‘ိα္αို αα္αေαာၤα αα α₯္ αα္ေαာα္ αα္αူααာေαြαုα္ေαးαα္၊ α‘αားαာαွိαဲα αာαα်ဳα္ေαြαွာ ေျαေαြαို α₯ီးα₯ာα္αြα္း α‘αα္αဲααူαားαα္αိုαာ α ာαα္းαုα္αားαα္၊ႏိုα္αံααာα α ္ααားαံုးαါ αီαိα α₯ေαြ αာαာျαα္ αα္ျαေαးႏုိုα္αိုα ျαα္αားαါαα္။ αူေααာေαးαားαဲααာαα်ဳα္αွဴးေαြα αα္ေαာα္ αွα္αα္αဲααΎααူေαြ αိုαာαα္း αα္ျαα်α္ αါαα္αေαာၤααီ-αααα ေαာα္းαူαΏαီးαα္αα္းαα္αဲααဲααူαဲααိုးααားαါးαα္းေαွေαြαို ေαာα္းα ားျαα ္αΏαီး α်α္းαာαဲααူေαြαဲααါ၊ ေαα်ာα်α္αα္ α‘αα္αα္ေαာα္αွα္းေαးေαြαဲα αိုα္α ံုα α္းαိုα္αါ αီα ာေαးαဲααူαိုαွာαΏαီး αα္းαာαα‘ေαာေαααုα္α် ααုα္αာေαြαα္αုα္ေααာ α‘ားေαးျαα္း αα ္αုαါαဲ။ ααူαာαα ္αုေျαာαα္-αုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီး αα္ေαာ္αိα္းαိုαာ α‘αု ေααာα₯္α ု-αα αွာαာ αα္ေαးαားαΏαီးα‘αီးαα္ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘ိα္αိုαα α₯္ ααါαိုးαိုααားေαးαားαာ၊αူαိုαုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးျαα ္αိုα α‘αα္းေαာα္α်α်α္αဲααာ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘ိα္ေαာα္αာ landscaping αုα္ေαးαိုα္αα္၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αားေαာ္αΎαီးαိုα်α္αဲα αားαα ္α ီးαα္ေαးαိုα္αα္၊ αာαွααိုα္αဲ α‘ဲαီα‘α်ိα္α αα္ေαာ္αိα္းαို α α αေααာα₯္αဲα ေα‘ာα္αα္αိုαေαααဲα αααၤာαီαိုα္းαα္αႊα္αΏαီး αါးαα္းေαွေαြαို αါးျααိုα္αိုα္းαΏαီး αုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးေαးαိုα္αΏαီး α‘αုေααာα₯္α ု-αααွာ αားေαးαΏαီး αα္ေαΎαး αα္ေαာα္αာေαါα။
α‘ဲαီαိုαααားေαြαုα္ αΎαα္းαဲαေααွာေαာα္ αူαα‘α α₯္α‘αိုα္းαာαူးေαးααα္ααူေαြαိုαα္ေαးαα္ ααα္α‘ျαα ္αΎαီးαΎαီးαားαားαွိαွα်α္αဲααာ၊ ေααα္αေαာα α‘ိα္αိုα‘α်ားαံုးေαးαဲααူαို α‘α α₯္α‘αာေαြေα်ာ္αΏαီး αုα္ေααα္၊ α‘ျαα ္ααွိαဲα်α္αဲααဲ၊ α‘αိုα္ααိαူးαိုαဲα αုα္ααေαာ္ေαာ္αΎαီးαဲααα္αေαာ္αိုးαα္ေαးαဲααိုα္αဲααုα္ααိုေαာα ေααဲαံုးαΏαီးαုα္ေααာαါ။ ႏိုα္αံေαးျαα ္αွဳ၊αα္αေαာ္ααာေαြαဲααα α₯α္းေαြα‘αြဲαံုးα ားαုα္αွဳαေαာα ျαα ္αွဳαျαα ္αူးျαα ္ေααα္၊ ααားαိုαα္αေα ာα့္αူး၊ ေααα္αွာα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αေαာ္ ေα ာα့္αါαα္။ ေαာα္αα္αာαဲααူေαြαေαာα αူααα္αာααာαိုေα ာα့္αΎαα္ααေαာααွာေαါα။ αူαိုααဲααုα္αာ αုα္ေαးαΏαီးαα္αာαာαိုαα္ αိုα္αα‘αွα္ααဲαါα်ိဳးαုα္αΏαီး αိုα္ေαးαားαာျαα္αေα‘ာα္ αုα္αα္αိုαဲα αူေαြαဲျαα ္αာαွာαါ။ ααူαာေαာα္းေαြေαါα္းေαာα္ααုα္ျαေαာαေαာα္ααိုα္αုα္αာေαါα ααα္းαါαူး။ αΎαα္း၊ေα၊ေα αဲαွာ ေααα္αာ α α္းαံုးαွဳααွိαံုးαါ၊ Senior ααα္း junior αဲα αα္ေα‘ာα္αα္αား α်α ္αဲααူαို ႏွိα္αြα္αα္၊ junior ေαြααα္းα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αဲααိုα္αα္αိုαα္ senior ေαြαို αံုးαααိုေα αိုα္αိုα္းေαးαα္၊ ေαΎαာα္αိုαျαိα္ေααΎααΏαီး α‘αဲαွာျαံဳေααဲαα‘αာေαြျαα ္ေααာ၊ αα ္ေαာα္αို αα ္ေαာα္αα္းα်αိုααဲေα်ာα္းေααα္၊αα္αာαူးေααာα ေαြα‘α်ားαံုးαα္ေα‘ာα္αုα္αိုαααဲαေααာαဲ αိုαΏαီးαုαိုα ေα ာα္ေααα္၊ α₯ααာ-ααိုα္ျαα္αα္αိုα်ိဳးαာαွαααဲαေααာαို α‘αုα္αုα္αိုα္းαိုααူေαြαို αႊα္αိုα္αα္၊ αာαူးေαးαα္αို α်α္αားαိုα္αα္၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘αားα α‘ိα္αိုααံαိုးαူα်ား ααိုα္ျαα္αα္αိုαာ αာαဲαိုαေαးααွာαါ၊ ေျααံုαဲαွာျαα္αူးαα္ေαါα၊ ααα္α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α်ားαα္αα္αွာ αါα်ိဳးα‘ျαα ္ေαြαံုးαααွိαဲααါαူး၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ေαာα္းα်ားαဲα αေαာ္α်ားαွားαα္းαီαိုα‘αα္αα်α္αΎααါ၊ ααုαα္αα္αာ ေααα္αွာα‘α်α္α ီးαံုးαာααိုα αα္αာαါαဲ၊αα္αိုျαα္α‘αα္αα္ααဲαိုαာαα္ αီαα္αိုα်α္αိုααဲ α‘αွα္ααွိ αူαိုααိα္αံုးα αေαααာα္αို αုα္α်α္αာ αုα္ေααာαါ။
α်ဳα္αေαာααေαႏိုα္αိုαေαးαိုα္αα္၊ αီαိုαေαα ီα αα ္αိုαူးေျαာα္းαα္၊ αα္αေαာ္αွာαα္း α‘α်α္αေαြ ေျαာα္းαေαာααα္၊αα္αေαာ္αိုαူေαြααααေαာα္αိုα္းαွαုα္းαုα္αာαာေαΎαာα္ααဲ ျαα္α α₯္း α ားαါ။αα္αေαာ္αိုαာႏို္α္αံαα ္αုαွာαွိαα္ααာαွα္αα္၊αူααα္ေααာαေααွာαα္း၊αα္αိုαွα္αα္ αα္ααα္း၊ αα္ျαα္α α္းαံုးေαးေျαာαα္၊ α‘αာαွိေαြα‘αာαွိαေαာ္ေαြα αိုα္ααိုα္αို α‘ျαားαူေαြαဲα ααူαဲααူαα္းα ားαို ေααα္ေျαာαα္၊ α်α္းαာαာαိုαူေαြαာαွαေျαာαူး၊ αြα္αြα္αဲဲαဲα်α္းαာေααာ αဲα αူေαြαိုαα္းαူ ααα္αံαာေαΎαာα့္ αူαုαဲα αြဲαြား αျαα္းαိုαာαျαα္ေαးαူးαား။ αိုα္ααα္ααာαာαဲ αူαဲααာαာαဲ။ αိုα္ααို α‘ျαား αူေαြαα္αံေα α်α္ααို αိုα္αα္း α‘ျαားαူေαြαိုျαα္αα္αံααွာေαါα၊ αα္αွာ α‘αိα္αေαးαာαွα္αα္၊ αα္αြာαဲααူαုα αα္αေαာ္αααုα္αူး αူαိုααဲααေαြးေႏြးαΏαီး αုα္ေαာα္ααွာ။ ျαα္αာαα္αေαာ္ α‘αွα္ααα္ျαα္αူα်α ္αာαံααဲααα္αေαာ္ျαα္ျαα ္αါေα ၊ αီαိုα္းαα္αြားαα္ေαာα ျαα္αူαုα္းαဲα αα္αေαာ္αΎαီးျαα ္αြားαွာαါ္။ αိαိαူေαြαို α‘ျαားαူေαြ ျαα ္ေα‘ာα္αုα္αာ αိα္ေαာ္αဲα ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြ α‘α်α့္α‘αα္ျαα္αါ။ αိုα္ααူေαြαေαာα္αိုα္ααို αုα္းαာαΏαီαိုαα္ α‘ျαားαူααိုα္ααို α်α ္ႏိုα္αွာαား။ αူαိုααိα္ျαာαα္αေααာα‘ံααါαဲα။
αီα ာαိုေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αဲαα္ျαα ္αα္αိုαα္၊ααα္αိုα္α်ဳα္αα္ေαာα္αဲααဲααα္αေαာ္ ျαα္α ုα α္းαိုα α‘αΎαံျαဳေαးαါα₯ီး၊ αူαα ္α ုေαΎαာα္ααα္αေαာ္αွာα‘αα္ေαြααာαါ၊ αα္αေαာ္αိုαα္αေαာ္αိုαဲ α်α ္αိုα ေαα်α္αိုααα္αေαာ္αားαုα္ေααူေαြα‘α်ားαΎαီးαွိαါေαးαα္။αα္αΏαီးေαြးαြဲαာေαြαျαα ္ေα α်α္αိုααါ။ αူαွα္ေααာαွα္ေαြαွိေα αိုα αα္αေαာ္α α္းαံုးေαးαို ααα္αုα္ႏိုα္αဲααူေαြေαါα္းေαာα္ျαα ္αါေα ။
αာαူးေααာα်ား-αုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးႏိုα္αα္းေα်ာ္αိုαα္း α ီαံG-1 ေααာαိုေαး ႏို္α္αံေαာ္αα်ေαးαဲα αီေαြα ီαံα ာαα္းαိα္ေα ေαါα၊ αီေαာαႏိုα္αα္းေα်ာ္αဲααူαိα္းαααα္း αα္αေαာα္းαα္ αိαိαα္α ီαီαာα်ားαα္ αူαိုααို α‘αိုα‘ေαေαးαααို ααူααိုααα္ααို αα္αံေαါα၊ αုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးေα်ာ္ေαႊαြα္းαိုαာαိုα αာαα္ G-1 α‘ျαα ္αား ေαααα္ေα‘းျαα့္α αူαα‘ိα္αိုαα္ေαΎαးေαးαူαို ေααာαာααာαူးαα္αိုα္းေαါα၊ ျαီးαွ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α αေα်αα္αိုαေαးαူαွိαα္ αီေαာα္ေαြ αါααီးαြားေααုα္း αα္αိုαုα္αိုα္αာαဲαိုျαီး ααိα်α္ေαာα္ေαာα္၊ αူααိαဲ αာαူးေααာေαြ α‘ေျαာα္းα‘ေαႊαေαြαုα္αိုαααါαααားα‘αα္ααိုαေα။ α‘αုαိုαα္းαΎαα့္ NTC αα္αိုα ေααα္αွာ αα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္αားေαြααΎαီဳα္αဲααူေαြ αာျαα ္αႈαွαα္း ααွိαဲ ေαးα αာေααာ ေαြαွိαာαို ααα္α်α္αားαΏαီး αုα္α်α္ααိုαုα္ αΏαီးေαာααွ αααူးα αုα္αာαိုαΏαီး αႊဲα်αိုα္αာ αြα္αြα္ေαးေαါα။ αူေαြα‘ျαα ္ααα္းαာ αွα္αα္၊ α‘ျαα ္ααα္ေαာα္αΎαီးαဲ၊ αα္αူαိုαိαိုα္αာαဲ-αα္αေαာ္αΎαီးαိုαိαြားαားαိုαာααုα္αဲ၊ αာαွααΎαီးα်α္αာေαြαိုေαာα α‘ျαα ္αိုαေျαာαα္၊ αီαိုαို α‘αု NTC αα္αိုα αါαြားαဲα ေα်ာ္ေα်ာ္α₯ီးαိုαဲααူαိုαα္ ααေαာα္αွာ Q-1 αိုαာαုα္ေααာα‘ိုေαေαာααွာ αူαိုေαာα αိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးααါαါေα‘ာα္α‘αα္းαို-ααΎαိα္ααါαြဲαα္αα္၊ ေα်ာ္ေα်ာ္α₯ီးαိα္းαα αံαα္α‘αီေαာα္αိုးေαာα္းαီαို αα္ျαီးαα္းααားေααာ αα္αဲαα α္းေαာ္αိုαာ αာα်α္αွαာαာ αိα α₯ααုα္αူး၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αဲα αα္αုα္α-ααα္αိုα္αΎαီးေαာα္αာααုα္ႏွိα္ေαးαα္ေα၊ αα α₯္αα္ေαΎαး αိုααα္ေα၊ α‘ျαားα‘αာαွိေαြ αဲααိα္းαေαြα α‘α်ိဳးαားαα ာααံုေαာα္αိုα αိαိααာαဲα αုα္αα္းαြα္αα္ α ီးαြားေαးαုα္ αားααီးေαြ αူαα္းေα ααိုααုα္ေααဲα αΎαားααα္ႏို္α္αေαာα္ αူαိုαေαာα်ၤားေαြαွိαဲαα‘ေαးαိုαြားα်α္αာαွα္ααဲα αα္α‘αုα္ေαြ αုα္ႏိုα္ αေαာα္α‘ားျαα္ααာ α‘αွား α‘αα္းαα္αွိαာαဲα α‘ျαα ္ျαα ္αα္၊ αα္αေαာ္αွာ αာαα္αα္ααားαာ ေαာα်ၤားαိုαါ၊ αိα္းαေαြααါααီ ျαα္ααα္ ျαα ္ααα္αိုαာ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαဲα αေαာ္ ေαααα္αΎαα္αိုαား α‘αုေαα္ျαα ္ေαααို α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘ိα္αွာα‘αα္ေαါα္ ေαြαိုααူαα‘ိα္αိα α₯ αုα္ေαးαားαိုαာαိα်α္αါαα္။ ေαာα္αာ ေαာα္αားေαြ α‘αြα္ ေαးαဲαmessage αေαာα ေαာα်ာၤးαာαူးαα္α်α္αα္ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αေαာ္αီαွာ αα္αူးေαာα္း αြားေαာα္၊ ေαာα်ာၤးαို ααုα္αာα‘αုα္αုα္αိုααိုα္αြα္း αα္αို αα္ျααံုးαုα္αုα္၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘ိα္αα္α αာαိုααဲαိုေαာα α‘ဲαီαိုααုα္αα္ αဲေαာ္ααဲα်α ္αွာ αာαူးαααူး αα္ျαဳျαα္αာ αူαΎαီးေαြα‘ျαα္ေαာα္း ေα‘ာα္ αုα္αα္ααΏαီ αွာααွ်ေαြαိုα္αα‘ိα္αဲαα္ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αα္αြဲေαးαိုα္။ ααα္ေျαာαာ-ေααα္αွာ αဲေαာ္ေαြαဲျαႆαာααွာ၊ ေα်ာ္ေα‘ာα္αုα္ေαးαα္၊ α‘αာαွိαα္ေαြαိုαα္း αွ်ααα္၊ αူαဲαေααဲααူαΎαီးαိုα္းαဲα‘αွα္ေαြαေα‘ာα္αူαဲαုα္ααာ၊ αူααိα္းαααα္း αα္αူαို αွα‘αα့္α‘αα္းααြဲαူး၊ αူαိုααာαူးαααူး၊ αူαိုα္း α ိα္αေαာα္းαΎααူး၊ αါေαာα္α‘ဲαီαူα ααူαိုααိုαာαူး αα ္ေααာေαာαေαးαွာαါαိုααα္ေααုα္း၊ αူαိုααာαွααုα္αာ ααုα္αားαူး၊ αူαိုααာαα္αူေα်αα္၊ αူαΎαီးေαြααီαိုααုα္αူးαိုααα္ေααα္၊ αီαူေαြေαာ္ေααα္α αိုးαြα္းေαာαα‘αα္αိုα ေျαာαေαာααα္၊αူαိုααိုေα်ာ္αΏαီး ႏိုα္αα္းေα်ာ္αိုα ေα်ာ္ေαႊαြα္းαိုαααြားαွာ၊ αα္α်ားα‘αုα္αွာေαာ္αာαာαုα္αွာαဲαα္α်ားαာαွαေαးαဲαဲα၊αူαိုျαα ္αာαူαα ္ေαာα္αဲααုα္αူး၊ ααα္αα္ααြα္αြားαူေαြαွာေαာ ααုαα္αွိ αာαူး α‘αိုးααံααူေαြαဲαွာαါ α‘α်ားαΎαီးαဲ αဲα‘αα္ααိုααα္αိုαုα္ααဲαα္αြα္းα α္းαံုးေαးαိုαေျαာαα္၊αိα္αံုးαα αΏαီးαွ်ααႈααွိαဲ ေαြးαြဲα‘ုα္ α်ဳα္αα္၊ αα္αိုα α္းαံုးေαး αုα္αွာαဲ၊ ေαα်ာαာα ααံုαα္ α‘αု NLD αို αα ္ႏိုα္αံαံုးαဲေαြးαိုα္း αα္ေαြαွိαဲαေααာαိုα္း αြα္αα္α ြာαဲေαးαိုα္း NLD ႏိုα္αိ္α္ααα္ αာαိုααဲ αူαာαွαုα္αေαးႏိုα္ေααဲα α‘αုαα္αွိ α‘ာαာαွα္αိုျαα ္ေααာαို α‘αြα့္αူးαံααဲα αα%ααာေα်ာ္ေααာ α်α္αာေαြα αα္αဲαွာαာေααΎααΏαီ၊α‘ျαα္ျαα္αိုαα‘α်ိα္ααါေαးαα္။αα္αေαα‘α်ိα္αα်ေαးαဲαြα္αြားααူေαြαိုαα္း αီα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αα္αα္αွာα‘αြα္αုαα‘ေαာα္αါαα္၊αာαွαိုျαα္ααΎαα္αေαးαာαါ၊αူαိုααွာျαα ္αႈα‘αΎαီးαΎαီး ေαြαွိαာαဲααုα္၊ αာαူးαိုးαေαးα်α္αာ ေα‘ာα္α α‘αα္αို ေααာေαးα်α္αာαဲα α ိα္αါα္α်ေα‘ာα္ αုα္αα္၊ αိုးေαွးα α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ေαြαိုαα္ αိုα္ααီαွာ αူαာαူးαα္αိုαေααာααွိαα္ αာαုα္α်α္αဲေαးαα္၊ α‘αα္αα္ေျαာα္းα်α္αα္၊ αα့္ေαာ္αဲααα္αΎαီးαာααို α်ိα္αΏαီး αူαဲααα္αိုေααာαို αိုα္αီαα္αိုαာ α α₯္α ားေαးαα္၊ α‘αုα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α ေαြးေααα္ေα αႊα္ααα ္ααို αα ္αိုα္αာ αိုα္ααာαာαွာα ားαဲ၊ αα္α α₯္ααီα‘ိα္αိုαα္ေαα်αိုα α‘ိα္αြားျαီးေαα αာα‘ိα္ααွိ αေαးေα်ာα္းα αိα္ αိုေααာαို αြားေျαာျααာေαာα္ αုα္ααိုးαα ္ေαာα္း ႏွα ္ေαာα္းေαးαိုα္αα္ ေαာα္αα ္αါေαြαေαာααူး၊ αူααα္αဲααူααို αာαα္ေαာααဲα α်ိα္αံုျαα္αα ္αα္ေαာα္αိα္းα်ီαါαα္၊ α‘ဲαီαိုαα္ေα‘ာα္αα္αားα်ားαို ααားαွ်αα ြာαΎαα့္αွဳေααိုα ေααα္αΎαီးα်α္ααα္α်α္ေαာααွာαာαွααုα္αΎαေαာααူးαား။
α်ဳα္αွာ αီα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ αဲα α‘ိα္αို αα္αေαာၤα αα α₯္ αα္ေαာα္ αα္αူααာေαြαုα္ေαးαα္၊ α‘αားαာαွိαဲα αာαα်ဳα္ေαြαွာ ေျαေαြαို α₯ီးα₯ာα္αြα္း α‘αα္αဲααူαားαα္αိုαာ α ာαα္းαုα္αားαα္၊ႏိုα္αံααာα α ္ααားαံုးαါ αီαိα α₯ေαြ αာαာျαα္ αα္ျαေαးႏုိုα္αိုα ျαα္αားαါαα္။ αူေααာေαးαားαဲααာαα်ဳα္αွဴးေαြα αα္ေαာα္ αွα္αα္αဲααΎααူေαြ αိုαာαα္း αα္ျαα်α္ αါαα္αေαာၤααီ-αααα ေαာα္းαူαΏαီးαα္αα္းαα္αဲααဲααူαဲααိုးααားαါးαα္းေαွေαြαို ေαာα္းα ားျαα ္αΏαီး α်α္းαာαဲααူေαြαဲααါ၊ ေαα်ာα်α္αα္ α‘αα္αα္ေαာα္αွα္းေαးေαြαဲα αိုα္α ံုα α္းαိုα္αါ αီα ာေαးαဲααူαိုαွာαΏαီး αα္းαာαα‘ေαာေαααုα္α် ααုα္αာေαြαα္αုα္ေααာ α‘ားေαးျαα္း αα ္αုαါαဲ။ ααူαာαα ္αုေျαာαα္-αုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီး αα္ေαာ္αိα္းαိုαာ α‘αု ေααာα₯္α ု-αα αွာαာ αα္ေαးαားαΏαီးα‘αီးαα္ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘ိα္αိုαα α₯္ ααါαိုးαိုααားေαးαားαာ၊αူαိုαုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးျαα ္αိုα α‘αα္းေαာα္α်α်α္αဲααာ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘ိα္ေαာα္αာ landscaping αုα္ေαးαိုα္αα္၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αားေαာ္αΎαီးαိုα်α္αဲα αားαα ္α ီးαα္ေαးαိုα္αα္၊ αာαွααိုα္αဲ α‘ဲαီα‘α်ိα္α αα္ေαာ္αိα္းαို α α αေααာα₯္αဲα ေα‘ာα္αα္αိုαေαααဲα αααၤာαီαိုα္းαα္αႊα္αΏαီး αါးαα္းေαွေαြαို αါးျααိုα္αိုα္းαΏαီး αုαိုα္αွဴးαΎαီးေαးαိုα္αΏαီး α‘αုေααာα₯္α ု-αααွာ αားေαးαΏαီး αα္ေαΎαး αα္ေαာα္αာေαါα။
α‘ဲαီαိုαααားေαြαုα္ αΎαα္းαဲαေααွာေαာα္ αူαα‘α α₯္α‘αိုα္းαာαူးေαးααα္ααူေαြαိုαα္ေαးαα္ ααα္α‘ျαα ္αΎαီးαΎαီးαားαားαွိαွα်α္αဲααာ၊ ေααα္αေαာα α‘ိα္αိုα‘α်ားαံုးေαးαဲααူαို α‘α α₯္α‘αာေαြေα်ာ္αΏαီး αုα္ေααα္၊ α‘ျαα ္ααွိαဲα်α္αဲααဲ၊ α‘αိုα္ααိαူးαိုαဲα αုα္ααေαာ္ေαာ္αΎαီးαဲααα္αေαာ္αိုးαα္ေαးαဲααိုα္αဲααုα္ααိုေαာα ေααဲαံုးαΏαီးαုα္ေααာαါ။ ႏိုα္αံေαးျαα ္αွဳ၊αα္αေαာ္ααာေαြαဲααα α₯α္းေαြα‘αြဲαံုးα ားαုα္αွဳαေαာα ျαα ္αွဳαျαα ္αူးျαα ္ေααα္၊ ααားαိုαα္αေα ာα့္αူး၊ ေααα္αွာα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αေαာ္ ေα ာα့္αါαα္။ ေαာα္αα္αာαဲααူေαြαေαာα αူααα္αာααာαိုေα ာα့္αΎαα္ααေαာααွာေαါα။ αူαိုααဲααုα္αာ αုα္ေαးαΏαီးαα္αာαာαိုαα္ αိုα္αα‘αွα္ααဲαါα်ိဳးαုα္αΏαီး αိုα္ေαးαားαာျαα္αေα‘ာα္ αုα္αα္αိုαဲα αူေαြαဲျαα ္αာαွာαါ။ ααူαာေαာα္းေαြေαါα္းေαာα္ααုα္ျαေαာαေαာα္ααိုα္αုα္αာေαါα ααα္းαါαူး။ αΎαα္း၊ေα၊ေα αဲαွာ ေααα္αာ α α္းαံုးαွဳααွိαံုးαါ၊ Senior ααα္း junior αဲα αα္ေα‘ာα္αα္αား α်α ္αဲααူαို ႏွိα္αြα္αα္၊ junior ေαြααα္းα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αဲααိုα္αα္αိုαα္ senior ေαြαို αံုးαααိုေα αိုα္αိုα္းေαးαα္၊ ေαΎαာα္αိုαျαိα္ေααΎααΏαီး α‘αဲαွာျαံဳေααဲαα‘αာေαြျαα ္ေααာ၊ αα ္ေαာα္αို αα ္ေαာα္αα္းα်αိုααဲေα်ာα္းေααα္၊αα္αာαူးေααာα ေαြα‘α်ားαံုးαα္ေα‘ာα္αုα္αိုαααဲαေααာαဲ αိုαΏαီးαုαိုα ေα ာα္ေααα္၊ α₯ααာ-ααိုα္ျαα္αα္αိုα်ိဳးαာαွαααဲαေααာαို α‘αုα္αုα္αိုα္းαိုααူေαြαို αႊα္αိုα္αα္၊ αာαူးေαးαα္αို α်α္αားαိုα္αα္၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α‘αားα α‘ိα္αိုααံαိုးαူα်ား ααိုα္ျαα္αα္αိုαာ αာαဲαိုαေαးααွာαါ၊ ေျααံုαဲαွာျαα္αူးαα္ေαါα၊ ααα္α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္α်ားαα္αα္αွာ αါα်ိဳးα‘ျαα ္ေαြαံုးαααွိαဲααါαူး၊ α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ေαာα္းα်ားαဲα αေαာ္α်ားαွားαα္းαီαိုα‘αα္αα်α္αΎααါ၊ ααုαα္αα္αာ ေααα္αွာα‘α်α္α ီးαံုးαာααိုα αα္αာαါαဲ၊αα္αိုျαα္α‘αα္αα္ααဲαိုαာαα္ αီαα္αိုα်α္αိုααဲ α‘αွα္ααွိ αူαိုααိα္αံုးα αေαααာα္αို αုα္α်α္αာ αုα္ေααာαါ။
α်ဳα္αေαာααေαႏိုα္αိုαေαးαိုα္αα္၊ αီαိုαေαα ီα αα ္αိုαူးေျαာα္းαα္၊ αα္αေαာ္αွာαα္း α‘α်α္αေαြ ေျαာα္းαေαာααα္၊αα္αေαာ္αိုαူေαြααααေαာα္αိုα္းαွαုα္းαုα္αာαာေαΎαာα္ααဲ ျαα္α α₯္း α ားαါ။αα္αေαာ္αိုαာႏို္α္αံαα ္αုαွာαွိαα္ααာαွα္αα္၊αူααα္ေααာαေααွာαα္း၊αα္αိုαွα္αα္ αα္ααα္း၊ αα္ျαα္α α္းαံုးေαးေျαာαα္၊ α‘αာαွိေαြα‘αာαွိαေαာ္ေαြα αိုα္ααိုα္αို α‘ျαားαူေαြαဲα ααူαဲααူαα္းα ားαို ေααα္ေျαာαα္၊ α်α္းαာαာαိုαူေαြαာαွαေျαာαူး၊ αြα္αြα္αဲဲαဲα်α္းαာေααာ αဲα αူေαြαိုαα္းαူ ααα္αံαာေαΎαာα့္ αူαုαဲα αြဲαြား αျαα္းαိုαာαျαα္ေαးαူးαား။ αိုα္ααα္ααာαာαဲ αူαဲααာαာαဲ။ αိုα္ααို α‘ျαား αူေαြαα္αံေα α်α္ααို αိုα္αα္း α‘ျαားαူေαြαိုျαα္αα္αံααွာေαါα၊ αα္αွာ α‘αိα္αေαးαာαွα္αα္၊ αα္αြာαဲααူαုα αα္αေαာ္αααုα္αူး αူαိုααဲααေαြးေႏြးαΏαီး αုα္ေαာα္ααွာ။ ျαα္αာαα္αေαာ္ α‘αွα္ααα္ျαα္αူα်α ္αာαံααဲααα္αေαာ္ျαα္ျαα ္αါေα ၊ αီαိုα္းαα္αြားαα္ေαာα ျαα္αူαုα္းαဲα αα္αေαာ္αΎαီးျαα ္αြားαွာαါ္။ αိαိαူေαြαို α‘ျαားαူေαြ ျαα ္ေα‘ာα္αုα္αာ αိα္ေαာ္αဲα ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြ α‘α်α့္α‘αα္ျαα္αါ။ αိုα္ααူေαြαေαာα္αိုα္ααို αုα္းαာαΏαီαိုαα္ α‘ျαားαူααိုα္ααို α်α ္ႏိုα္αွာαား။ αူαိုααိα္ျαာαα္αေααာα‘ံααါαဲα။
αီα ာαိုေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αဲαα္ျαα ္αα္αိုαα္၊ααα္αိုα္α်ဳα္αα္ေαာα္αဲααဲααα္αေαာ္ ျαα္α ုα α္းαိုα α‘αΎαံျαဳေαးαါα₯ီး၊ αူαα ္α ုေαΎαာα္ααα္αေαာ္αွာα‘αα္ေαြααာαါ၊ αα္αေαာ္αိုαα္αေαာ္αိုαဲ α်α ္αိုα ေαα်α္αိုααα္αေαာ္αားαုα္ေααူေαြα‘α်ားαΎαီးαွိαါေαးαα္။αα္αΏαီးေαြးαြဲαာေαြαျαα ္ေα α်α္αိုααါ။ αူαွα္ေααာαွα္ေαြαွိေα αိုα αα္αေαာ္α α္းαံုးေαးαို ααα္αုα္ႏိုα္αဲααူေαြေαါα္းေαာα္ျαα ္αါေα ။
αဲαα္ေα‘ာα္
ααα
α αုႏွα
္ေα်ာ္αာαα αααΌαျαα
္αူ α₯ီးαα₯ီးα ၎၏αိုα္ေαးα‘αၳဳααΈαၱိα
ာα‘ုα္αို αုိα
α₯္ααα္းα α‘αၤαိα္αာαာျαα့္ ေαး αားαဲ့αα္။ αြα္αဲ့αα့္αႏွα
္ေα်ာ္ααွ αα္းα
ာα‘ုα္αို αြα½ႏ္ုα္၏ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαိုαα့္α‘αα္ျαα့္ ျαα္αာαာαာαိုα ျαα္αိုαုα္ေααိုα္ ျαα္းျαα
္αα္။
α₯ီးαα₯ီးαွာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα ααααံုး ေαြးေαာα္αံαααΌαျαα ္αα္။ α₯ီးαα₯ီး၏α‘ေαΎαာα္းαိုαα္αႈαα္း αူျαα္αα္းαဲ့αα့္ αိုαိုαီေαα္ αေαွ်ာα္ ααားα ီαα္αံုα်ား၊ α‘αၤαိα္αုα္αြာαα့္αာα၊ α်αα္ေαα္ႏွα့္ αြα္αα္ေαးααΏαီးေαာα္ ααααေαα္ ααားα ီαα္ေαး ေαာα္αံαံုαိα္α်ားα ြာαို αိαွိαြα့္ααα့္α ာα‘ုα္αα‘ုα္ျαα ္αα္။
αိုαိုαီေαα္ႏွα့္ αα္αα္αα့္ ႏိုα္αံေαးα‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳ၊ αိုα္ေαးαွα္αα္း၊ ααိုα္းα ာα‘ုα္α αျαα့္ ααွားαွေαာ္αα္း ααားα ီαα္ေαးႏွα့္ αα္αα္၍ ေαးαားေαာ္ျααားαα့္α ာα‘ုα္αား αိα္αေαြααေα။
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαိုαိုαီေαα္ααိုα္းα်ား၊α‘αၳဳααΈαၱိα ာα‘ုα္α‘α်ားα‘ျαားαα္ααα့္α‘αါ ႏိုα္αံေαးαႈα္αွားαႈα်ားαို αα္αႈαေα့αွိေαာ္αα္း ααုα ာα‘ုα္αဲ့αိုα ααားα ီαα္ေαးႏွα့္αα္αိုα္αα့္αိα α₯αα္α်ား αα္αႈααဲαα္။
ααုα ာα‘ုα္αြα္ αိုαိုαီေαα္αα္ႏွα့္ ေႏွာα္းαိုα္း ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ၏ααားα ီαα္ေαးα αα ္αို αွားαွားαါးαါး αα္αႈαြα့္ααα့္ α ာα‘ုα္αα‘ုα္ျαα ္ αα္။
αိုαိုαီေαα္ ααားα ီαα္ေαးႏွα့္αα္αα္αΏαီး ေαာαα ္ေαာαα ္၏ ျαα္αာျαα္αွ αႈαα္းα်ား (Trials in Burma) α ာα‘ုα္αြα္ αα္αႈαဲ့ααူးαα္။ ေαာαα ္ေαာαα ္α α‘ေαးαိုα္ααျαα့္ ααားα ီαα္αဲ့ααα့္ α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα်ားαို ေαးျαα္αားျαα္းျαα ္αα္။ αα္းα ာα‘ုα္αွာαα္း α ိα္ αα္α ားα αာ α ာα‘ုα္αα‘ုα္ျαα ္αα္။
αူαုေααα‘αာα α‘ေα ာαိုα္းαြα္ αာαာျαα္αုα္ေααဲ့ααို ေαာα္αိုα္းαြα္ α ာေαးααာ ေα်ာ္ေα‘ာα္ααα္း ျαα္αာျαα္αွ αႈαα္းα်ား ေαါα္းα α₯္ျαα့္ αာαာျαα္αို αုα္ေααဲ့αူးαα္။ α‘αၤαိα္α်α္ႏွာျαဴαα₯ီးα‘ေαျαα့္ ααားα ီαα္αာαြα္ αα္ααိုα္αဲ αွ်αေα‘ာα္ α ီαα္αဲ့ αα့္α‘ျαα ္α်ားαို ေαာαα ္ေαာαα ္၏ α ာα‘ုα္αြα္ αα္αႈαဲ့αααဲ့αိုα ααု “αြα½ႏ္ုα္၏ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ” αဲαြα္ α‘αၤαိα္αူα်ိဳး α‘ုα္α်ဳα္αူα်ား αα္ေα‘ာα္αြα္αုα္αိုα္αာαြα္ αူα်ဳိးαြဲျαားαႈα်ား၊ ααားαွ်ααႈαိုαာ α₯ီးα ားေαးαα့္ α‘αၤαိα္ααားαူααီးα်ားαα္း αွိαံု α αα့္ α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα်ားα α ာαα္αူα ိα္αα္α ားေα αα္။
ααိုα္ααားαူααီးαααြα္ αααα αုႏွα ္ ေαာα္αူαα္ααားα‘ေαးေαာ္αံုႏွα့္ αΎαံဳေαြαααα့္ α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳαα္αα္း α ိα္αα္α ား αြα္αာ αα္αႈααα္။ α်ာαံုααိုα္αြα္ αα္αα္αိုα္ αုα္αα္αူα်ားα‘ား α‘αၤαိα္α‘α ိုးαα ေααα္ေαးαိုα ααိဳးα ားαာαြα္ ေαါα္αာαα₯ီး α‘ေαျαα့္ αူαα္αႈ၊ αါးျααႈ၊ αုαိα္းαႈα်ားႏွα့္ααα္αα္αါα ေααα္αα်αွα္αα္ ααိဳးα ားαဲ့αံုαို αα္αႈααα္။
αိုα‘αα္းαြα္ ေαးαားαားαα္αွာ “α‘αၤαိα္αူα်ဳိးα‘α်ဳိαα αုα္αα္αႈေααေαါα္ααα္αွာ αူαိုα၏αုα္αိαα‘ာαို αိαိုα္ေα αα္αု αူααΏαီး α₯αေαααြα့္ျαဳαားေαာ α‘ျαα့္αံုးျαα ္αα္αိုα်αွα္ေαးαα္ ေαာα္းαိုျαα္းျαα ္αα္။ α€α‘αႈαြα္ αα္αြα္းαံα ားα်α္ႏွα့္ αာαα္ αိα ိα္၏ ααိααα‘ျαα ္αါαα္။ ααားα₯αေααႈေαာα့္αွαΎαα့္αွ်α္ ααားαံα်ားαα္ αူαုα္α်ား၊ αိုαေαာ္ αူαုα‘ျαα္αြα္ ααားαံα်ားαα္ α်ိဳးα်α ္αုαၢိဳα္ α‘ာαာαα္α်ားျαα ္ေααΎααα္။ αြα½ႏု္α္၏ αာαα္αိα ိα္α α‘ေျααံα‘ားျαα့္ αြα½ႏ္ုα္α‘ား αႊα္းαိုးαွ်α္αွိαα္။ αိုαေαာ္ ေαါα္းေαာα္ α‘α α ္α‘αွα္α်ားႏွα့္ αူαα္αႈ၊ αုαိα္းαႈα်ဴးαြα္αဲ့αူα်ားαွα‘α αα္αα့္ααားαံαိုαွ် ေααα္αေαးαα္ αြα½ႏ္ုα္αံαိαာα္α်αား αိုα၏” αုေαးαားေααျααားαα္။
ααာα ံ ေαာα္αူαα္ααား αူαုα္ααΏαီး αα‘αα္းαα္α‘αΎαာαြα္ αူαုα္α်ားα‘ား α α ္ေαးαα္ αံုαုံးαြဲααα့္α‘αါ αိုα္αုα္ααားαူααီး ေα်-αα္းαα ္α္ α αံုαံုးα₯αၠα၊ ေα‘-ေα်-αါαα္ႏွα့္ α₯ီးαα₯ီးα αံုαံုးα‘αြဲααα္α်ား α‘ျαα ္ေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αΎααα္။ αα္းαံုαုံးαွ ေαာα္αူαα္ααား αူαုα္ေαါα္းေαာα္ ααာα ံαိုαα္း α ီαα္α်α္α်αဲ့ααα္။
α₯ီးαα₯ီးαα္ α‘αၤαိα္ α‘α ိုးααα္ေα‘ာα္αြα္ αα္αံု၊ ααားαူααီး၊ ααိုα္ααားαူααီး၊ αိုα္αုα္ααားαူααီး α αျαα့္ α‘αα့္αα့္ αာαα္αα္းေαာα္αဲ့ေαာ္αα္း αိုαိုαီα αα ္αို αα္αံαဲ့αူαα₯ီးααုα္ေαΎαာα္း၊ α‘α်ဳိးαားေαးα ိα္αါα္αွိαံုαိုαα္း αူαုα္ေαာα္αဲ့ αα့္α‘ျαα ္α‘α်α္α်ားျαα့္ ေααျαေαးαားαားαα္။
α‘αၤαိα္αူα်ဳိးαိုα္αုα္ααားαူααီးαα္းαα ္α္ααီαိုαေαα ီα αα ္ႏွα့္ααားα ီαα္ေαးα‘ေαΎαာα္းေျαာαာαြα္ “ααားα ီαα္ေαးαာ αီαိုαေαα ီႏိုα္αံαိုα္းαွာ α‘αိαေα်ာေαာα္ေαာα္αံျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘αံုးα ြα္αံုးαα္αΎαα့္αိုα္αဲ့α‘αါ αီαိုαေαα ီα ံαα ္αို αα့္αα့္ ေα်ာα္αα္α ြာαα္αα္ေα ႏိုα္αိုα ααားα ီαα္ေαးα ေαာα္αူေαးαα္αိုαာေαြααာααα္။ αါေαΎαာα့္ αα္α်ားαိုααာ ααားαူααီး ေαြα‘ေααဲα α‘α်α္းα်α္းαα္αိုαဲ αေαာαားαြဲαΎααα္ျαα ္ေα αူαုαို ααိေα αα့္αါαူး။ αူαုαဲααα္αံαာαွာျαα ္ျαα ္ α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαး αိုα္းαဲα αα္αံαာαွာျαα ္ျαα ္ αα္α်ားαိုααာ α‘ျαα္αα္းα‘ားျαα့္ α α္းα α္းαံုးαံုးျαα ္ေααα့္αα္။ α‘αံαြα္αα္αα္း αα ္αံαα္းαဲျαα ္ αα့္αα္။ α‘α်α္းα်α္း αြားαုα္ေααြα့္ α αားေαြေျαာαΏαီး αူαုαိုαုαα‘αေαးαα့္αါαူး။ α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးαိုα္းαို α်α္ႏွာαိုα်α္ႏွာα ααုα္ αα့္αါαူး” αု ေျαာαိုαဲ့αα္αု α ာα‘ုα္αြα္ေααျααားαα္။
αိုαိုαီေαα္αြα္ α‘αၤαိα္α‘α ိုးααြဲααားေαးαα့္ ျαα္αာα‘α်ဳိးαားαα္ααီးα်ားα‘αΎαား ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးႏွα့္αα္αα္αα့္α‘ေαြα α‘αΎαံဳαိုααွာ α‘ျαားေαာααိုα္းα ာေαα်ားႏွα့္ αႈေαာα့္ααူαဲ αα္αႈααα္αွာ α ိα္αα္α ားα αာαα်ဳိးေαာα္းαα္။
αုαိαααာα»α α ္ျαα ္αြားαာαα့္ေαာα္αြα္ α‘αၤαိα္α‘α ိုးααုα္αြာαα့္ေαာα္ ααာα‘αိ αိα္းေαွာα္αြားαဲ့αΏαီး α်αα္α‘ုα္α ိုးα αာα ααာαြα္ ေααိုα္ααα့္ α‘ေαြαα‘ααံဳ၊ ၎ေαာα္ αႏၱေαးαိုα ျαα္αα္းαာαΏαီးေαာα္ αα္αုα္αိုα ျαα္αာαα့္ေαာα္αြα္ ေαါα္αာ αေαာ္ α်αα္αα္αာαα့္ α‘αါ α်αα္α α ္ေααာααိα αွာေαြေαααူαံု၊ ေαါα္αာαေαာ္ႏွα့္ αα္αα္αα့္ αိုα္ေαြα α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα်ားαို ေαးျαα္αားαα္αွာαα္း α ိα္αα္α ားα αာαα္။
αα ဳα္α₯ီးေα ာႏွα့္αα္αα္၍ ေααျααားαာαြα္ “ α₯ီးαုေααာαိုα αα္းαα္းαα္α‘ျαα ္ α‘α ားαα္ေαာα္αာေαာ α₯ီးေα ာαား α‘αြα္α်α္ေαာ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားαေαာα္ျαα ္αα္။ αူαိုα၏ α‘α်ဳိးαားေαးαα္αွα္းα်α္αျαα့္ααါα ျαα္αာα်ား၊ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ျαα္αာαူαα္α်ားαα္ αα္α‘αိုα္းαΏαိα္ေααိα့္αα္ααုα္ေαΎαာα္းαို αူαိαα္။ αိုαေαΎαာα့္ α α ္ααီးα‘αΏαီးαြα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ား αိုαီαီαα္α‘αα့္ေαးαα္ ေαာα္း αိုျαα္းျαα့္ αံုααီးα်ဲαေျαာαိုေααα္။ αိုαေαာ္ ααα္α်ားα‘ား ႏွိα္αြα္αာαြα္ αူα‘αွားααီးαွားαြားαα္။ ααα္α‘α်ားα ုαွာ αူαα္α်ားႏွα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားျαα ္αΎααΏαီး αူαိုα၏ ႏိုα္αံေαးαံαူα်α္αွာ ျαα္αာ့αြα္αα္ေαးျαα ္αα္။ αΏαိαိαွ် α‘ုα္α်ဳα္αူα်ားႏွα့္ α‘αα့္α‘αα္းαူ αီေαΎαာα္းျαααα္α‘αိုααွာ αူαိုααိုα္αူαိုα ααα္α်ားαုေαααΎααα္။ ααα္αႈα္αွားαႈαို αေα်αႈα္းႏိုα္αွ်α္ ႏိုα္αံေαးေαါα္းေαာα္ α‘ ျαα ္ αူαα‘ေαα‘αား ေα်ာα္αြα္αြားႏိုα္αα္αို α₯ီးေα ာαေαာေαါα္αား၏။ αုိαျαα့္αူαα္ αα ဳα္αα္α‘αα္αွိ ႏိုα္αံေαး αα္αြဲαααုαို αူေαာα္αိုα္αα္αြα္ αα ဳα္αα္ႏွα့္ ααα္αိုα αိα္αိုα္ေαြααΎαေαာ့αα္” αု ေαးαားαားαα္။
ျαံဳ၍ေျαာααွ်α္ α₯ီးαα₯ီး၏ αိုα္ေαးα‘αၳဳααΈαၱိαα္ αα္းα ာα‘ုα္αိုαို αα္αႈαα္း αိုαိုαီေαα္αα္၊ ေαα္ေႏွာα္းαိုα္း ααားα₯αေα αα္ αα္းααα‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα်ား၊ α‘αၤαိα္αုα္αြာαΏαီး α်αα္αိုαα ααားα ီαα္ေαးα ံαα ္αို αα္αဲ့αိုαေααေαာα္αဲ့αံု၊ αြα္αα္ေαးααα့္ေαα္ αြα္ ααားေαးα ံαα ္αို ျαα္αα္αα္ေαာα္αႈ αα ိα္ααိုα္းαိုααို αူαααα‘ေαΎαာα္း αα္αႈαα္း αိαွိႏိုα္αα့္ α ာα‘ုα္ αα‘ုα္ျαα ္ေααα္။
α‘αၤαိα္αာαာျαα့္ေαးαားαα့္α ာα‘ုα္ျαα ္αα့္α‘ားေαွ်ာ္α ြာα‘α်ဳိαေαာα‘ေαးα‘αားα်ားαွာ ျαα္αာαါα်αဲ့αိုα αိုαိုαွα္းαွα္း ျαα ္α်α္ αွျαα ္ေααိα့္αα္။ αိုααာαြα္ α‘ေαΎαာα္းα‘αာႏွα့္α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα α ိα္αα္α ားαြα္αာျαα ္αျαα့္ α‘ေαးα‘αြဲ α‘ားαα္းα်α္α်ားαွာ ααိ αိα္αျαဳαိေαာα္αု αα္ျαα္αိαါαα္။
α₯ီးαα₯ီးαွာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα ααααံုး ေαြးေαာα္αံαααΌαျαα ္αα္။ α₯ီးαα₯ီး၏α‘ေαΎαာα္းαိုαα္αႈαα္း αူျαα္αα္းαဲ့αα့္ αိုαိုαီေαα္ αေαွ်ာα္ ααားα ီαα္αံုα်ား၊ α‘αၤαိα္αုα္αြာαα့္αာα၊ α်αα္ေαα္ႏွα့္ αြα္αα္ေαးααΏαီးေαာα္ ααααေαα္ ααားα ီαα္ေαး ေαာα္αံαံုαိα္α်ားα ြာαို αိαွိαြα့္ααα့္α ာα‘ုα္αα‘ုα္ျαα ္αα္။
αိုαိုαီေαα္ႏွα့္ αα္αα္αα့္ ႏိုα္αံေαးα‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳ၊ αိုα္ေαးαွα္αα္း၊ ααိုα္းα ာα‘ုα္α αျαα့္ ααွားαွေαာ္αα္း ααားα ီαα္ေαးႏွα့္ αα္αα္၍ ေαးαားေαာ္ျααားαα့္α ာα‘ုα္αား αိα္αေαြααေα။
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαိုαိုαီေαα္ααိုα္းα်ား၊α‘αၳဳααΈαၱိα ာα‘ုα္α‘α်ားα‘ျαားαα္ααα့္α‘αါ ႏိုα္αံေαးαႈα္αွားαႈα်ားαို αα္αႈαေα့αွိေαာ္αα္း ααုα ာα‘ုα္αဲ့αိုα ααားα ီαα္ေαးႏွα့္αα္αိုα္αα့္αိα α₯αα္α်ား αα္αႈααဲαα္။
ααုα ာα‘ုα္αြα္ αိုαိုαီေαα္αα္ႏွα့္ ေႏွာα္းαိုα္း ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ၏ααားα ီαα္ေαးα αα ္αို αွားαွားαါးαါး αα္αႈαြα့္ααα့္ α ာα‘ုα္αα‘ုα္ျαα ္ αα္။
αိုαိုαီေαα္ ααားα ီαα္ေαးႏွα့္αα္αα္αΏαီး ေαာαα ္ေαာαα ္၏ ျαα္αာျαα္αွ αႈαα္းα်ား (Trials in Burma) α ာα‘ုα္αြα္ αα္αႈαဲ့ααူးαα္။ ေαာαα ္ေαာαα ္α α‘ေαးαိုα္ααျαα့္ ααားα ီαα္αဲ့ααα့္ α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα်ားαို ေαးျαα္αားျαα္းျαα ္αα္။ αα္းα ာα‘ုα္αွာαα္း α ိα္ αα္α ားα αာ α ာα‘ုα္αα‘ုα္ျαα ္αα္။
αူαုေααα‘αာα α‘ေα ာαိုα္းαြα္ αာαာျαα္αုα္ေααဲ့ααို ေαာα္αိုα္းαြα္ α ာေαးααာ ေα်ာ္ေα‘ာα္ααα္း ျαα္αာျαα္αွ αႈαα္းα်ား ေαါα္းα α₯္ျαα့္ αာαာျαα္αို αုα္ေααဲ့αူးαα္။ α‘αၤαိα္α်α္ႏွာျαဴαα₯ီးα‘ေαျαα့္ ααားα ီαα္αာαြα္ αα္ααိုα္αဲ αွ်αေα‘ာα္ α ီαα္αဲ့ αα့္α‘ျαα ္α်ားαို ေαာαα ္ေαာαα ္၏ α ာα‘ုα္αြα္ αα္αႈαဲ့αααဲ့αိုα ααု “αြα½ႏ္ုα္၏ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ” αဲαြα္ α‘αၤαိα္αူα်ိဳး α‘ုα္α်ဳα္αူα်ား αα္ေα‘ာα္αြα္αုα္αိုα္αာαြα္ αူα်ဳိးαြဲျαားαႈα်ား၊ ααားαွ်ααႈαိုαာ α₯ီးα ားေαးαα့္ α‘αၤαိα္ααားαူααီးα်ားαα္း αွိαံု α αα့္ α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα်ားα α ာαα္αူα ိα္αα္α ားေα αα္။
ααိုα္ααားαူααီးαααြα္ αααα αုႏွα ္ ေαာα္αူαα္ααားα‘ေαးေαာ္αံုႏွα့္ αΎαံဳေαြαααα့္ α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳαα္αα္း α ိα္αα္α ား αြα္αာ αα္αႈααα္။ α်ာαံုααိုα္αြα္ αα္αα္αိုα္ αုα္αα္αူα်ားα‘ား α‘αၤαိα္α‘α ိုးαα ေααα္ေαးαိုα ααိဳးα ားαာαြα္ ေαါα္αာαα₯ီး α‘ေαျαα့္ αူαα္αႈ၊ αါးျααႈ၊ αုαိα္းαႈα်ားႏွα့္ααα္αα္αါα ေααα္αα်αွα္αα္ ααိဳးα ားαဲ့αံုαို αα္αႈααα္။
αိုα‘αα္းαြα္ ေαးαားαားαα္αွာ “α‘αၤαိα္αူα်ဳိးα‘α်ဳိαα αုα္αα္αႈေααေαါα္ααα္αွာ αူαိုα၏αုα္αိαα‘ာαို αိαိုα္ေα αα္αု αူααΏαီး α₯αေαααြα့္ျαဳαားေαာ α‘ျαα့္αံုးျαα ္αα္αိုα်αွα္ေαးαα္ ေαာα္းαိုျαα္းျαα ္αα္။ α€α‘αႈαြα္ αα္αြα္းαံα ားα်α္ႏွα့္ αာαα္ αိα ိα္၏ ααိααα‘ျαα ္αါαα္။ ααားα₯αေααႈေαာα့္αွαΎαα့္αွ်α္ ααားαံα်ားαα္ αူαုα္α်ား၊ αိုαေαာ္ αူαုα‘ျαα္αြα္ ααားαံα်ားαα္ α်ိဳးα်α ္αုαၢိဳα္ α‘ာαာαα္α်ားျαα ္ေααΎααα္။ αြα½ႏု္α္၏ αာαα္αိα ိα္α α‘ေျααံα‘ားျαα့္ αြα½ႏ္ုα္α‘ား αႊα္းαိုးαွ်α္αွိαα္။ αိုαေαာ္ ေαါα္းေαာα္ α‘α α ္α‘αွα္α်ားႏွα့္ αူαα္αႈ၊ αုαိα္းαႈα်ဴးαြα္αဲ့αူα်ားαွα‘α αα္αα့္ααားαံαိုαွ် ေααα္αေαးαα္ αြα½ႏ္ုα္αံαိαာα္α်αား αိုα၏” αုေαးαားေααျααားαα္။
ααာα ံ ေαာα္αူαα္ααား αူαုα္ααΏαီး αα‘αα္းαα္α‘αΎαာαြα္ αူαုα္α်ားα‘ား α α ္ေαးαα္ αံုαုံးαြဲααα့္α‘αါ αိုα္αုα္ααားαူααီး ေα်-αα္းαα ္α္ α αံုαံုးα₯αၠα၊ ေα‘-ေα်-αါαα္ႏွα့္ α₯ီးαα₯ီးα αံုαံုးα‘αြဲααα္α်ား α‘ျαα ္ေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αΎααα္။ αα္းαံုαုံးαွ ေαာα္αူαα္ααား αူαုα္ေαါα္းေαာα္ ααာα ံαိုαα္း α ီαα္α်α္α်αဲ့ααα္။
α₯ီးαα₯ီးαα္ α‘αၤαိα္ α‘α ိုးααα္ေα‘ာα္αြα္ αα္αံု၊ ααားαူααီး၊ ααိုα္ααားαူααီး၊ αိုα္αုα္ααားαူααီး α αျαα့္ α‘αα့္αα့္ αာαα္αα္းေαာα္αဲ့ေαာ္αα္း αိုαိုαီα αα ္αို αα္αံαဲ့αူαα₯ီးααုα္ေαΎαာα္း၊ α‘α်ဳိးαားေαးα ိα္αါα္αွိαံုαိုαα္း αူαုα္ေαာα္αဲ့ αα့္α‘ျαα ္α‘α်α္α်ားျαα့္ ေααျαေαးαားαားαα္။
α‘αၤαိα္αူα်ဳိးαိုα္αုα္ααားαူααီးαα္းαα ္α္ααီαိုαေαα ီα αα ္ႏွα့္ααားα ီαα္ေαးα‘ေαΎαာα္းေျαာαာαြα္ “ααားα ီαα္ေαးαာ αီαိုαေαα ီႏိုα္αံαိုα္းαွာ α‘αိαေα်ာေαာα္ေαာα္αံျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘αံုးα ြα္αံုးαα္αΎαα့္αိုα္αဲ့α‘αါ αီαိုαေαα ီα ံαα ္αို αα့္αα့္ ေα်ာα္αα္α ြာαα္αα္ေα ႏိုα္αိုα ααားα ီαα္ေαးα ေαာα္αူေαးαα္αိုαာေαြααာααα္။ αါေαΎαာα့္ αα္α်ားαိုααာ ααားαူααီး ေαြα‘ေααဲα α‘α်α္းα်α္းαα္αိုαဲ αေαာαားαြဲαΎααα္ျαα ္ေα αူαုαို ααိေα αα့္αါαူး။ αူαုαဲααα္αံαာαွာျαα ္ျαα ္ α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαး αိုα္းαဲα αα္αံαာαွာျαα ္ျαα ္ αα္α်ားαိုααာ α‘ျαα္αα္းα‘ားျαα့္ α α္းα α္းαံုးαံုးျαα ္ေααα့္αα္။ α‘αံαြα္αα္αα္း αα ္αံαα္းαဲျαα ္ αα့္αα္။ α‘α်α္းα်α္း αြားαုα္ေααြα့္ α αားေαြေျαာαΏαီး αူαုαိုαုαα‘αေαးαα့္αါαူး။ α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးαိုα္းαို α်α္ႏွာαိုα်α္ႏွာα ααုα္ αα့္αါαူး” αု ေျαာαိုαဲ့αα္αု α ာα‘ုα္αြα္ေααျααားαα္။
αိုαိုαီေαα္αြα္ α‘αၤαိα္α‘α ိုးααြဲααားေαးαα့္ ျαα္αာα‘α်ဳိးαားαα္ααီးα်ားα‘αΎαား ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးႏွα့္αα္αα္αα့္α‘ေαြα α‘αΎαံဳαိုααွာ α‘ျαားေαာααိုα္းα ာေαα်ားႏွα့္ αႈေαာα့္ααူαဲ αα္αႈααα္αွာ α ိα္αα္α ားα αာαα်ဳိးေαာα္းαα္။
αုαိαααာα»α α ္ျαα ္αြားαာαα့္ေαာα္αြα္ α‘αၤαိα္α‘α ိုးααုα္αြာαα့္ေαာα္ ααာα‘αိ αိα္းေαွာα္αြားαဲ့αΏαီး α်αα္α‘ုα္α ိုးα αာα ααာαြα္ ေααိုα္ααα့္ α‘ေαြαα‘ααံဳ၊ ၎ေαာα္ αႏၱေαးαိုα ျαα္αα္းαာαΏαီးေαာα္ αα္αုα္αိုα ျαα္αာαα့္ေαာα္αြα္ ေαါα္αာ αေαာ္ α်αα္αα္αာαα့္ α‘αါ α်αα္α α ္ေααာααိα αွာေαြေαααူαံု၊ ေαါα္αာαေαာ္ႏွα့္ αα္αα္αα့္ αိုα္ေαြα α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα်ားαို ေαးျαα္αားαα္αွာαα္း α ိα္αα္α ားα αာαα္။
αα ဳα္α₯ီးေα ာႏွα့္αα္αα္၍ ေααျααားαာαြα္ “ α₯ီးαုေααာαိုα αα္းαα္းαα္α‘ျαα ္ α‘α ားαα္ေαာα္αာေαာ α₯ီးေα ာαား α‘αြα္α်α္ေαာ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားαေαာα္ျαα ္αα္။ αူαိုα၏ α‘α်ဳိးαားေαးαα္αွα္းα်α္αျαα့္ααါα ျαα္αာα်ား၊ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ျαα္αာαူαα္α်ားαα္ αα္α‘αိုα္းαΏαိα္ေααိα့္αα္ααုα္ေαΎαာα္းαို αူαိαα္။ αိုαေαΎαာα့္ α α ္ααီးα‘αΏαီးαြα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ား αိုαီαီαα္α‘αα့္ေαးαα္ ေαာα္း αိုျαα္းျαα့္ αံုααီးα်ဲαေျαာαိုေααα္။ αိုαေαာ္ ααα္α်ားα‘ား ႏွိα္αြα္αာαြα္ αူα‘αွားααီးαွားαြားαα္။ ααα္α‘α်ားα ုαွာ αူαα္α်ားႏွα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားျαα ္αΎααΏαီး αူαိုα၏ ႏိုα္αံေαးαံαူα်α္αွာ ျαα္αာ့αြα္αα္ေαးျαα ္αα္။ αΏαိαိαွ် α‘ုα္α်ဳα္αူα်ားႏွα့္ α‘αα့္α‘αα္းαူ αီေαΎαာα္းျαααα္α‘αိုααွာ αူαိုααိုα္αူαိုα ααα္α်ားαုေαααΎααα္။ ααα္αႈα္αွားαႈαို αေα်αႈα္းႏိုα္αွ်α္ ႏိုα္αံေαးေαါα္းေαာα္ α‘ ျαα ္ αူαα‘ေαα‘αား ေα်ာα္αြα္αြားႏိုα္αα္αို α₯ီးေα ာαေαာေαါα္αား၏။ αုိαျαα့္αူαα္ αα ဳα္αα္α‘αα္αွိ ႏိုα္αံေαး αα္αြဲαααုαို αူေαာα္αိုα္αα္αြα္ αα ဳα္αα္ႏွα့္ ααα္αိုα αိα္αိုα္ေαြααΎαေαာ့αα္” αု ေαးαားαားαα္။
ျαံဳ၍ေျαာααွ်α္ α₯ီးαα₯ီး၏ αိုα္ေαးα‘αၳဳααΈαၱိαα္ αα္းα ာα‘ုα္αိုαို αα္αႈαα္း αိုαိုαီေαα္αα္၊ ေαα္ေႏွာα္းαိုα္း ααားα₯αေα αα္ αα္းααα‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα်ား၊ α‘αၤαိα္αုα္αြာαΏαီး α်αα္αိုαα ααားα ီαα္ေαးα ံαα ္αို αα္αဲ့αိုαေααေαာα္αဲ့αံု၊ αြα္αα္ေαးααα့္ေαα္ αြα္ ααားေαးα ံαα ္αို ျαα္αα္αα္ေαာα္αႈ αα ိα္ααိုα္းαိုααို αူαααα‘ေαΎαာα္း αα္αႈαα္း αိαွိႏိုα္αα့္ α ာα‘ုα္ αα‘ုα္ျαα ္ေααα္။
α‘αၤαိα္αာαာျαα့္ေαးαားαα့္α ာα‘ုα္ျαα ္αα့္α‘ားေαွ်ာ္α ြာα‘α်ဳိαေαာα‘ေαးα‘αားα်ားαွာ ျαα္αာαါα်αဲ့αိုα αိုαိုαွα္းαွα္း ျαα ္α်α္ αွျαα ္ေααိα့္αα္။ αိုααာαြα္ α‘ေαΎαာα္းα‘αာႏွα့္α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα α ိα္αα္α ားαြα္αာျαα ္αျαα့္ α‘ေαးα‘αြဲ α‘ားαα္းα်α္α်ားαွာ ααိ αိα္αျαဳαိေαာα္αု αα္ျαα္αိαါαα္။
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αααα αုႏွα ္ α§ျαီα αα αα္α α‘α်ဳိးαားαီαိုαေαα ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ αံုးα်ဳα္αြα္ ျαဳαုα္ေαာ ααα္းα ာ αွα္းαα္းαြဲ၌ NLD ေျαာαြα့္α αုαၢိဳα္ α¦းα₯ာα္αα္းαွ αွα္းαα္းေျαာαိုေαα α₯္။
αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααွာαါαဲ့ ေαြးေαာα္αဲြαိုα္αာ α₯αေααို ျαα္αα္αဲ့αုα္းα ေαးα ားαိုα္αာαါαα္ αိုαဲ့ α‘αံုးα‘ႏႈα္း ေျαာα္းαဲေαးαဲ့ααို α‘αု α်α္းαα α₯ာ α်ိα္αိုαဲ့ေααာαွာαα္း α‘ဲαီα‘αိုα္းေျαာႏိုα္αိုα αႊα္ေαာ္αွာ ေαြးေႏြးαα္ျααွာ ျαα ္αα္αိုα ေαါα္αာေα‘းေαာα္α ေျαာαါαα္။
NLD α αα္ျααားαဲ့ α်α္းα်ိα္αႊာαိα α₯ α‘αα္ေျαေα‘ာα္ ေαာα္αြα္ႏိုα္αိုα αα္αွိ αႊα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြαွာαα္းαာαα္αွိαα္αိုααူαα‘ေααဲααူαေαΎαာα္း ေαါα္αာေα‘းေαာα္α ေျαာαါαα္။
αာαα့္ αႊα္ေαာ္α‘α α္းα‘ေαးαွာ α‘αα္αႊα္ေαာ္αံုးαα္αွာ ααΏαီးျαα္αဲ့αဲ့ α₯αေααိုα္αာ αိα α₯ေαြ၊ αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈαိုα္αာ α₯αေα ျααာα္းαိုα αိα α₯ေαြαα္း αါαα္αွာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
RFA
ႏိုα္αံααာ ေαြေαΎαးαα္αံုေαြα‘αြဲα IMF α‘ααီးα‘αဲ Christine Lagarde α‘ား αααα αုႏွα ္ α§ျαီα αα αα္ေαα ααα္းα ာ αွα္းαα္းαြဲαြα္ ေαြααα α₯္။
IMF α‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာ့ ေαြေαΎαးαိုα္αာ α‘ာαာαိုα္ေαြαဲαα‘αူ ေαာα္αြα္ေααာαွာ α‘αူးαျαα့္ αα္αွိ ေαြေαΎαး ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈαို ေαာα္αြα္ေαေαΎαာα္း၊ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ ααိုαα္αဲα α‘α်ိα္αူျαီး αြα္းαြα္းαုိα္αုိα္ α‘αုα္αုα္ေααာ ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ααα္းα ာ αွα္းαα္းαြဲαွာ ေျαာαိုαဲ့αါαα္။
ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααာ α§ျαီα (α) αα္ေαααα ျαီး α‘ေααိαα္ αα ္ေαααာαို (ααα ) α်α္ႏႈα္းαဲα ႏႈα္းαွα္αားျαီး αα္αွα္αဲ့αါαα္။
αွα္းαα္းαဲ့ ေαြေαΎαးα αα ္αဲαα‘αူ ျαα္αာျαα္ αိုျαီး αြα့္αာαာαဲαα‘αွ် αုα္αြα္ေαးαဲα αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြ αိုျαီးα‘αα္ေျαေα်ာေαြααာႏိုα္αα္αိုα ေα့αာαူေαြα αိုαါαα္။
αိαိαိုα IMF α‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာျαα္ ေαြေαΎαးα αα ္αွာ ေααααူα αိုααွ် αူαီαြားαွာျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း IMF α‘ααီးα‘αဲ Christine Lagarde α ေျαာαိုαါαα္။
α ီးαြားေαးαိα္αိုααႈ αα်ိဳαα αုα္αိα္းαားျαီး ျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘αု ျαα္αာျαα္αွာ α‘αွိα္α‘αုα္ αα ္αုေαာ့ αေααါျαီ။ α‘ဲαီα‘αွိα္α‘αုα္ αα္αα္ αα္αံ့ေααိုααိုαဲ α‘αူးααα္ ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αိαါαα္αိုα IMF α‘ααီးα‘αဲα αိုαါαα္။
RFA
Despite the recent steps towards democracy in Burma activists claim little has changed for many ethnic minorities in the country. In New Delhi large number of Rohingya refugees are finding it hard to find support and help because they have no ties with the India.
Richard Lindell
India's tragic Rohingyas - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
The first steps towards democratic reform has seen a number of countries, including the US and Australia, ease sanctions.
But conditions for ethnic minorities have improved little and activists say closer ties with the military junta should be conditional on an improvement in their human rights.
Our India correspondent Richard Lindell reports from a refugee camp in New Delhi.
RICHARD LINDELL: I'm here in the middle of a makeshift refugee camp in one of the capital's most exclusive suburbs.
Vasant Vihar is home to some of Delhi's richest people, as well as diplomats and embassies.
But over the past two weeks, a growing number of Burmese Muslim asylum seekers, known as Rohingyas, have also moved in.
The headquarters of the UN's refugee agency, the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), is also here right in front of me and 700 people are crammed into this alley to protest against their treatment.
Conditions are miserable.
Flies outnumber people by a big margin and there's no water or sanitation.
Many people here are sick and as I step in and around the mass of people, I hear the raking coughs of tuberculosis.
(Child coughing)
As I walk I meet Jamila sobbing and distressed. Her husband and two of her three children have TB.
(Jamila speaking)
"My husband is vomiting blood" she says. "I have been begging around for help, even for 1 rupee, because my husband is suffering."
As she tells me about her escape from Burma a year ago, I see tears well up in the men and women around me.
For this is her story, but the tales of rape, torture and abuse are also theirs.
(Jamila speaking)
"There is a lot of persecution against us" she says. "Mothers and sisters have to endure atrocities from the military junta. We women are not safe there. When our kids walk to school, as young as 8-years-old, the military simply pick them off the streets to work as forced labour."
The Rohingyas were stripped of their citizenship by Burma's military junta 30 years ago.
Their land was seized and those that remain live in fear.
Faiz Ahmed and his wife fled Burma a year ago to the largely Muslim state of Jammu and Kashmir in India's north.
They say they've been denied access to healthcare and education; basic rights afforded to all refugees in India.
Like everyone else here, Faiz blames the UN's peak refugee agency, the UNHCR.
(Faiz Ahmed speaking)
"I want to ask UNHCR why refugees from other countries get facilities but why we, the Burmese refugees, do not?"
Naina Bose from the UNHCR says camping and protesting here is not helping their cause.
NAINA BOSE: We just would like the people outside to go back to where they came from. I don't want them to put themselves through what they're going through. We have extreme weather conditions here, there are women and children in that group. And we will continue to dialoguing with them; but it's not possible with a crowd of 700 people outside.
RICHARD LINDELL: The UNHCR has classified the Rohingya as asylum seekers not refugees.
Naina Bose rejects the core allegation of discrimination made by the Rohingyas.
NAINA BOSE: This is a country where we do not have a national legal framework and India has not signed the convention. It is commonplace to treat different refugee groups differently.
For us the core issue remains protection; how best can we protect these people? So by registering them as asylum seekers we believe that we are fulfilling our core mandate of protection. By giving them asylum seeker cards they will not be arbitrarily deported or sent back.
RICHARD LINDELL: The issue for these people is not one of classification but of access.
Unlike the Afghan refugees of the north or the Sri Lankan Tamils of the south, Rohingyas have no cultural or historical ties to India.
So while the national government mandates healthcare and education to all, the Rohingyas are often turned away by providers because they have no one to champion their cause.
Kamal Mitra Chenoy, from the school of international studies at JNU (Jawaharlal Nehru University).
KAMAL MITRA CHENOY: It's basically a question of connections. If there are connections with the Progressive Schools Association, then they'll get schooling. If there are government schools, good government schools then there's a lot of pressure from Indian applicants to take their children.
Then it really depends on what leverage the Rohingyas have. And it's something that the UNHCR on its own is not equipped to do.
RICHARD LINDELL: The UNHCR has registered 1,800 Rohingyas as asylum seekers in India.
Hundreds of thousands more have fled to Bangladesh over the past three decades.
Conditions there are miserable and malnutrition is rife.
Kamal Mitra Chenoy again.
KAMAL MITRA CHENOY: They're almost a forgotten people. There is no public support for them because people don't know about them; the press doesn't write about them. So unless there is substantial international pressure, the liberalisation that has taken place because of Aung San Suu Kyi is because of her following and her reputation.
But the Rohingyas have no charismatic leader like that. So I don't expect there to be any substantial or significant improvement in their case until countries like the United States or the European Union and all take it up.
RICHARD LINDELL: The US, Australia and others are now relaxing sanctions on Burma; a reward for progress towards democratic reform.
The international community says it will continue to raise human rights issues, including the plight of minorities.
Back at the camp in New Delhi, the Rohingyas say that sanctions relief should be tied to human rights and citizenship in Burma for their people.
Otherwise they fear being condemned to a future as stateless people without rights and any hope of returning home.
____________________________________________
This is Richard Lindell in New Delhi for Correspondents Report.
αိုα်ိဳ α§αΏαီ αα
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ၏ α‘α္αာαα္α‘αံုးျαဳαႈαြံαျαိဳးαိုးαα္ေαးα ီαံαိα္းႏွα္α αα္αီαုα္းαα္αြα္αႈαြα္αα္αိုးαα္ေαးα ီαံαိα္းα်ားαြα္ α်αα္ႏိုα္αံα α‘αူα‘αီေαးαα္αွိေαΎαာα္းαိααα္။
αိုα်ိဳျαိဳααြα္ α§αΏαီၤαααα္α α်α္းααα္α αဲေαါα္-α်αα္αိα္αီးα‘α α္းα‘ေαးαြα္ α်αα္α αႊα္းαိုျαααα္α αဲေαါα္ေαααြα္းႏိုα္αံ(α ) ႏိုα္αံ၏ αြံαျαိဳးေαးα ီαံαိα္းα်ားαြα္ α‘αိုαါ α ီαံαိα္းႏွα ္αုα‘ားေαးαြဲαα္ααြα္းαားျαα္းျαα ္αα္။
αိုαြαံျαိဳေαးα ီαံαိα္းα်ားαြα္ ျαα္αာႏို္ααံα (αα)αု။αေαα»ာαီးαားα (α)αု၊αာα‘ိုα (α)αု၊αိုα္းα (α)αု၊αီαα္αα္α (αα)αုαိုαျαα ္αΎααα္။
αိα္αီးα‘α α္းα‘ေαးαြα္ α‘ေျααံα‘ေαာα္α‘ံုα ီαံαိα္း (α α)αုαို αိαိαိုαα‘αိုျαဳαα္ျααဲααါေαΎαာα္း α်αα္αα္αΎαီးα်ဳα္ αိုαွီαီαိုႏိုαα αုα္ေαာ္ေျαာαΎαားαဲααα္။
ααα္းα
ာαွα္းαα္းαြဲα‘αΏαီး αဲေαါα္-α်αα္ႏိုα္αံα‘αΎαီးα‘αဲα်ားαြα္αြာα
α₯္။Source : Yangon Media Group
ျαα္αာ့α‘ေαးαြ်α္းα်α္αူ α‘ေααိαα္ααာαွα္ αါေαာαα‘ α်ဳိးαα္α္ေαးα္αာα αိုα္းα-
"αီαဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααာ αီαိုαေαα ီ αα္းαα္း αα်αဲ့α‘αြα္ NLD α αα္αα်α္αားαΏαီးαားαါ။ αΎαားျαα္ ေαြးေαာα္αဲြ ααိုα္αα္ααα္း αဲြαα α္းαံုαို ျαα္αα္αα္ αိုαဲ့α‘α်α္αို NLD α ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။ αါေααα့္ α‘α ိုးααα္αေα ေαြးေαာα္αံααဲ့ NLD αႊα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯ေααဲααα္αα္αိုα α်α္းαα α₯ာ α်ိα္αိုαိုαေျαာေαျαီး ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αα္ααα္း ျαα္းαိုαားαါαα္။ αါαိုαΎαα့္αα္ NLD αာ α‘αα္ααα္းα αα္αα္α်α္α‘αိုα္း αα္αα္ αွိေααာαုိ ေαြαααါαα္။"
ααα္αွာαα္း αႊα္ေαာ္αဲαα္αိုααံုးျαα္αားαဲ့ NLD α‘ေααဲα α‘αုαို α αားαံုး α‘αံုးα‘ႏွဳα္းαွာ α‘ျαα္းαြားေααာαို ေααα္αူေαြαα္း αွိαါαα္။ αါေααα့္ αါေαာαα‘ α်ဳိးαα္α္ ေαးα္αာα αိုα္း αေαာ့ NLD α‘ေααဲα αုα္αိုαုα္ααα့္ αိα α₯ျαα ္αα္αိုα ျαα္αဲ့α‘ေαΎαာα္း α‘αုαို ေျαာαါαα္။
"α‘αုαို αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααိုα္αာ α်α္းαα α₯ာα်ိα္αိုαိုα α‘αံုးα‘ႏွဳα္းα‘α α‘ျαα္းαြားα αာ ျαα ္ေααဲ့ αိα α₯αာ ααα့္αို α‘ေαးααီးαါαα္။ α α ္αα္αဲαα‘ာαာαို αိုα္αΏαဲေα‘ာα္ αုα္αားαဲ့ αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααို ျαα္αူαို αိုα္α ားျαဳαဲ့ NLD αါαီ α‘ေααဲα αိα္းαိα္း αာαြα္ ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αါαα္αိုα α်α္းαα α₯ာα်ိα္αိုαိုα αျαα ္ႏိုα္αူးαိုα α်ေαာ္ျαα္αါαα္။"
αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး αိုα္αာ ေαွαေα α¦းေα‘ာα္αူးα -
"NLD α‘ေααဲα αΎαားျαα္ေαြးေαာα္αဲြ αα္αဲ့α‘α်ိα္αာααွာαα္း αူαုαို ေျαာαဲ့αဲ့ α‘α်α္ေαြαဲαွာ αααα αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααိုျαα္αα္αါαα္αိုαဲ့ α‘α်α္α α‘αိα αါαα္αဲ့αာေαΎαာα့္ α‘αုαို α်α္းαα α₯ာ α်ိα္αိုαα့္ αိα α₯αွာ α αα္ျαα္αα္αိုα ααိဳးα ားαာျαα ္αα္။"
"αိα္းαိα္းαာαြα္ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αာαဲα ေαးα ားαုိα္αာαာαဲα αီα αားαုံး α αုαဲα α‘ႏွα ္αာαα‘α αုံးαျαားαားαα္။ ေαးα ားαုိα္αာαာα αြဲαα α္းαုံ α‘ေျααံ α₯αေααဲαုိα α‘ေျααံα‘ားျαα့္ ေαးα ားαုိα္αာαုိα αာαα္αွိαα္ αုိαာ ျαα ္αα္။ αာαြα္ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αα္αုိα α α₯္းα ားαဲ့ α‘αါα်ေαာ့ αြဲαα α္းαုံ α‘ေျααံα₯αေααဲα α‘ႏွα ္αာααဲα αုိα္αြားαα္။ αီ αြဲαα α္းαုံ α‘ေျααံα₯αေααာ ျαα္αူα‘α်ားαဲα α‘ေျααံα‘α်ဳိးα ီးαြားαုိ αာαြα္ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αားαဲ့α‘αြα္ αါαာ αါαုိααဲα αြဲαα α္းαုံ α‘ေျααံα₯αေααဲ။ αါαုိ αာαြα္ျαα္းα‘ားျαα့္ αါαုိααဲα α‘αြα့္α‘ေαးαုိ αာαြα္αာαဲαုိα αူαုαုိα္αုိα္α αူααားαဲ့ α‘α်ိα္αွာ αီ α‘ေျααံα₯αေααုိ αာαြα္αွာαဲ။ αါ α‘ႏွα ္αာα ျαႆαာ ျαα ္αြားαα္။"
α‘αုαို α်α္းαα α₯ာ α်ိα္αိုαိုα α αားα‘αံုးα‘ႏွဳα္း ေျαာα္းαဲαိုα αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေα αိုα္αာ αံုαံုးα αူαိုαααα္αိုα္αူးαိုα α‘α္α‘α္α္αီαို
ျαα္းαိုα္αာαာ ααားα₯αေα α ိုးαိုးေαး α‘ားαα္းေαေαးαα္ αိုαာ ျααိုα္αာαဲαိုα α¦းေα‘ာα္αူးα ေျαာαါαα္။
"αα္ေαြαα‘ားျαα့္ α‘ဲαီ αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေα αေαျαီးေαာ့ αြα္αα္αဲ့ ααားα ီαα္ ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့ α‘ေျααံαုိ ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးααာျαα ္αα္။ αီ αααα αုႏွα ္ α‘ေျααံα₯αေααွာ αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေα ααားαုံးαုိ α‘αြα္ααၭာα္α‘ားျαα့္ αα္αွိေαာ္ျαားαα္းαဲ αုံးα αြα္αα္αႈ ααွိαဲ့ ααားαုံး ျαα ္ေααα္။ ႏုိα္αံေαး αα္ေα‘ာα္αံ ျαα ္ေααα္။
ααားαူαΎαီးေαြ ေαြးα်α္αα္ေျαာα္αဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαုိ αΎαα့္αုိα္αာαဲα αီ αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေα ααားαုံးαာ ααြα္αα္αူးαုိαာျαα္ႏုိα္αα္။
ေαာα္αုိ α‘ဲαီ αီ αဲြαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααဲα αα္αα္ျαီးေαာ့ ျαα္αုိα αΎαိဳးα ားαဲ့ αုα္ေαာα္α်α္ေαြ αွα္ααွ်αုိ α‘αုαα္α်αုိα္ααုိေαာα္αα္း αα္ျαီး αα္α်ႏုိα္αဲ့ α‘αားα‘αာေαြ ေαာ္ေαာ့္αုိ α်ားαြားျαီ။"
αααα αဲြαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေα ျαα္αα္ေαး၊ ααားα₯αေα α ိုးαိုးေαးα‘αြα္ αΎαားျαα္ ေαြးေαာα္αဲြαα္αဲ့αΏαီး α‘ျαα္α‘αα္ α‘ႏိုα္ααဲ့αဲ့ α‘α္α‘α္α္αီαါαီ α‘αြα္ αူαိုαေျαာαိုαားαဲ့α‘α်α္ေαြαို α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαα ေαာα္αြα္ႏိုα္αိုα α αα္αိုα္αဲ့ေျααွα္း αုိα ျαα္αာ့α‘ေαး αြ်α္းα်α္αူေαြα RFA αုိ ေျαာαြားαါαα္။
ျαα္αာαိုα္αံαွာ αααΌααဲα αုαααΌα α်α္းα်ိα္ααဲ့ αြဲαα α္းαံုαိုα္αာ α ာαားαဲα αႊα္ေαာ္α‘αα္ေαြ α်ိα္αိုααဲ့ α ာαား αြဲαြဲေαααို၊ αိုα္αံေαးαါαီေαာα္αိုα ααိျαဳααဲ့ αြဲαα α္းαံုαိုα္αာ α ာαားαα္း αြဲαြဲေααါαα္။
αα္αေαာျαα္αာ့αုိα္αံေαးαွာ αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြα‘ျαα ္ α်α္းαα α₯ာα်ိα္αိုααα့္ α ာαားαဲααα္αα္αိုα α‘α်ိဳးαားαီαိုαေαα ီ α‘αြဲαα်ဳα္α ျαα္αα္ေαးαိုαေαာα္းαိုေααΏαီး၊ α‘α ိုးααα္ေα‘ာα္αံ α‘ေျααံα₯αေααံုαံုးααဲ ျαα္ေαးαိုαျαα္းαα္ေααာေαြαααါαα္။
αီαိα α₯αဲααα္αα္αိုαေα့αာαΎαα့္αဲ့α‘αါ α်α္းα်ိα္ααဲ့αံုα ံေαြαွာ αိုα္αံေαာ္αααΌααဲα αုαααΌαေαြα်ိα္αိုααဲ့ α ာαားαဲα αႊα္ေαာ္ αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ α်ိα္αိုααဲ့α ာαား αြဲαြဲေααာေαြααααို၊ αိုα္αံေαးαါαီα်ား αွα္αံုαα္ျαα္း ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαိုα္αာ α₯αေααွာ ααိျαဳααဲ့α ာαားααဲေαာα္αα်ိဳးျαα ္ေααဲ့α‘αြα္ α α်ိဳး αြဲေααာေαြαααါαα္။
αိုα္αံေαာ္αααΌααဲα αုαααΌαေαြα်α္းα်ိα္ααဲ့ αံုα ံαဲαα ာαားαွာ 'αြဲαα α္းαံု α‘ေျααံα₯αေααို αိα္းαိα္းေα ာα့္αိ αိုα္αာαိုေααΏαီး'- αိုα ေαးαားαားαΏαီး၊ αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ α်ိα္αိုααဲ့ αံုα ံα ာαြα္αဲαွာေαာ့ 'αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေααို αိα္းαိα္းαာαြα္
ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αΏαီး' αိုαေαးαားαားαါαα္။
ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαိုα္αာ α₯αေααွာေαာ့ α‘α်ိဳးαားαီαိုαေαα ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္α αα္ျααဲ့α‘αြα္ αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေျααံα₯αေααို αာαြα္ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αါαα္ αိုαဲ့ α αားαα္αို ေαးα ားαိုα္αာαါαα္αိုαဲ့ α αားαα္αဲα αααΌαα ေျαာα္းαဲေαးαဲ့αါαα္။
αါေαΎαာα့္ α‘α ိုးααα ္αြဲα α‘ေျααံα₯αေαααုαဲ ααွိαဲ့ αိုα္αံααုαွာ α‘ေαΎαာα္းα‘αာ ααုαα္း α‘ေαα αာေαΎαာα့္ α α်ိဳးαြဲေααာαဲ၊ α₯αေαααား αႈေαာα့္α‘ေααဲα α₯αေαα‘αΎαံေαး α¦းေα‘ာα္αိα္းα α‘αုαိုေျαာαါαα္။
"ααα္ေαာ့ αါαီαွα္αုံαα္ျαီး ေαြးေαာα္αြဲ αα္ေαးα‘αြα္αုိ αီα ေαာα္းαုိαုိα္αဲ့α‘αါ αααΌααုုိα္αုိα္ ျαα္ေαးαုိα္αα္ေαါ့α်ာ။ α‘ဲαီα‘α်ိα္αွာ αြဲαα α္းαုံ ျαα္ေαးαါαုိα α်ေαာ္αုိα αာαွ ေျαာαြα့္ ααွိαူးေα။ αာαုိααဲαုိေαာ့ αုိα္α ားαွα္αွ ααုα္ေαးαဲαဲααာαုိး။
αုိα္α ားαွα္ ျαα ္αဲ့α‘αါα်ေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိαα αြဲαα α္းαုံαဲα αုိα္αုိα္ αα္αုိα္αာျαီ။ ααα္ααα္း αီ ေαါαာα α‘ေαααွာ ျαα္ေαးαားαα္။ α‘αုαα္း αα္ျαα္ေαးαုိα ေαာα္းαုိαာα αွားαα္αုိα α်ေαာ္ ααα္αူးα်။ αြဲαα α္းαုံαွာ ျααာα္းαားαဲ့ α₯αေαααα္αုိ ျαα္αα္ αုိαα္ေαာ့ αα αာαုိα္ႏွဳα္းαဲ α‘ေαα‘αြα္၊ ေαာα္ααါ αူαု ေαာα္αံ αႏα΅αဲေαြαဲααွ ျαα္ααα္αုိαဲ့ αာ။
α်ေαာ့္α‘ျαα္ ေျαာααα္αုိαα္ေαာ့α်ာ။ αုα္ααΎαီး ααုαုံး ျαα္αာ ααုα္αဲ့α‘αြα္ αါျαα္αα့္ျαα္αုိα္αα္။ αααΌαေααဲααα္း
ျαα္αုိα္αြα့္αွိαα္αုိα α်ေαာ္ ျαα္αα္။"
α‘ိα္αီးα်α္းαိုα္αံေαြ α‘αါα‘αα္ αိုα္αံααာαွာေαာ α‘αုαို αြဲျαားαα္αွα္α်α္α်ိဳးေαြαွိαါαားαိုα α‘ိႏα΅ိααိုα္αံေαာα္ αααα αႊα္ေαာ္α‘αα္ ေαါα္αာαα့္ေαြαို ေαးαΎαα့္αဲ့α‘αါαွာ-
"ႏုိα္αံααာαွာαေαာ့ ျαα္αာျαα္αုိ α်α္းα်ိα္αုိα αိα α₯αွာ ျαႆαာαွိαα္
αုိα ေαာ့ α်ေαာ္ αေαြααူးαူး။ ေαာα္ααုα αီ α‘ေျααံα₯αေα αုိαာα ေαးျαီးေαာ့ ျαα္αုိα α‘α္ααα္αွ αြα္ααဲ့ αိα α₯αေαာ့ αααာα»αုံးαွာαါαဲ αα္α်။ ေαးျαီးαားαာαုိ ျαα္ααေα‘ာα္αုα္αα္αုိαဲ့ α‘α်α္αုိα αီ αααα αုႏွα ္ αြဲαα α္းαုံαွာαုိα αြဲαဲ့αာေαါ့α်ာ။
α်α္းα်ိα္αုိα αိα α₯αွာ α αားαုံးαြဲေααာေαြαေαာ့ ေαေαα်ာα်ာαဲ ααူေα‘ာα္αုα္αဲ့αΎαααားαုိαေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိαα αံαααွိαΎααα္။ αာေαΎαာα့္αဲαုိေαာ့ ααာျαα္αွာα α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးαုိα္းαွာ αုα္ေααΎααဲ့ α‘αာαွိ α‘αာαံ α‘αΎαီးα‘αα္ေαြ α‘αုα္αုံးαာ αြဲαα α္းαုံα α‘αα ္၊ α‘α ုိးαα α‘αα ္ ျαα ္ေαာ္ျαားαα္းαဲ α‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳα်ားျαီးαား၊ αွားα αာေαာ့ ααွိαူးα်။ α‘ဲαီαုိαြဲαα္αုိαα္ေαာ့ ααα္ααာαုိ αြဲေα‘ာα္αုα္αုိα αုαၢိဳα္ေαြ α‘αဲαွာ αျαα္ααဲ့ αα္ေαြαွိααားαုိα α်ေαာ္αုိα αံαα αα္αေαာ့αွာေαါ့။ "
ααါ αီျαႆαာα‘ေαααွာ ျαα္αြα္းαိုα္αံေαးααားαေαာα္αဲ့ α‘ျαα္αိαေα‘ာα္ ααိုα္αိုα္းαα္းαားα်ား αိုးαα္ေαးαါαီαဲ့ α‘αြα္းေαးαွဴး α¦းαွေα ာαိုαα္း ေαးαΎαα့္αါαα္။
"α‘αိααေαာ့ α‘ားαΎαီးαူαဲα α‘ားαα္းαဲ့αူαွာ αေαာαားαΎαီး ααွာαေαာ့ ααα့္αုိ α‘ေααα ေαာα္ေααဲ့αူ၊ ေαာα္ α₯αေααုိ ျαဳျαα္ႏုိα္α ြα္း αါαါααားαဲ့αူေαြα αေαာαားαΎαီးαΎαီးαဲα αုα္ေαးαုိα္αα္αုိαα္ α‘ားαုံး α်α ္α်α ္αα္αα္ ျαα ္αြားျαီးေαာ့ αုα္αိαα‘ာαဲα ျαα့္α ုံαဲ့ αႊα္ေαာ္αΎαီးααု ျαα ္αာေαါ့။
ααာျαα္αူေαြααα္း αα αα္ေαααွာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္ αႊα္ေαာ္αဲေαာα္αာαα္αုိျαီးေαာ့ ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αားαာ။ α α₯္းα ားαΎαα့္ေαါ့α်ာ။ αူေαြ α ိα္αဲαာျαα ္αြားααဲ။ αူေαြα α‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲαုိ αိα္αုိα်α္αΎααာ။ αာαα္αွိαဲ့αူေαြα αေαာαားαΎαီးαΎαီးαဲα α‘ေαာα္းαုံး αုα္ေαးαΎααါα်ာ။ α်ေαာ္ေαာ့ ေααၱာαα္αံα်α္αါαα္။"
ႏွα ္ေαါα္းα်ားα ြာ α‘αΎαα္α‘αα္း αိုα္αဲ့αဲ့ ျαα္αာαိုα္αံα‘ေααဲα α‘αုαိုααာα»αα‘αိုα္းα‘αိုα္းαဲ့ α‘αိα‘αွα္ျαဳαႈ၊ ေႏြးေαြးαဲ့αα္αံαႈေαြ ααာαΏαီးαဲ့ေαာα္αွာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္ α‘αါα‘αα္ NLD αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ αါαα္αာαα့္ αႊα္ေαာ္ျαα ္αာαိုα αီα αားαα္αိα α₯ ααုαα္းαဲα ေαွαααိုး αိုα္αဲ αα္αα္αေαα¦းαွာαား αိုαာααα္း αူေαြαΎαားαွာ αီαေααေျαာေααΎααဲ့ α‘ေαΎαာα္းα‘αာααု α‘ျαα ္ေαြαေααေαΎαာα္း αα္ျααိုα္ααါαα္။
Source : RFA
ႏွα ္αုိα္αံေαါα္းေαာα္ႏွα ္α¦း αူးαဲြααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαဲြျαဳαုα္α α₯္
α်αα္αိုα္αံαα္ ျαα္αာαိုα္αံ၏ ျαုျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαး αုα္αα္းα်ားαိုျαိုαို α‘ားေαးေျαာα္းαွα့္ αိုαုα္αα္းα
α္α်ားαို αα္αα္α‘ားေαး ေαာα္αံαြားαα္ ျαα
္ေျαာα္း α်αα္αα္ျαီးαု်α္ αူαီွαီαိုαိုα α ေျαာျαားαα္။
ျαα္αာ αိုα္αံေαာ္ αααΌα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္αွα့္ α်αα္αိုα္αံαα္ျαီးαု်α္αို့၏ αွα ္αိုα္αံေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား αိα္αီး α‘α α္းα‘ေαးαို α်αα္α‘α ိုးαα§α့္ေααာαြα္ α§ျαီαααα္ αေααိုα္းα α်α္းαα‘ျαီး ေαါα္းေαာα္αွα ္ α¦းαို့α ααα္းα ာ αွα္းαα္း αဲြျαုαုα္ αာ αြα္ α်αα္αα္ျαီးαု်α္α αα္းαဲ့αို့ေျαာျαားαြားျαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
`α်αα္αα္ျαီး αု်α္αα္ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးα၏ αီαိုαေαα ီ αွα့္ α‘αို်းαားေαါα္းα α္း αီαြα္ေαးαို့ ေαွ့αႈေαာ ေαာα္αြα္αႈα်ားαို ျαိုαိုေျαာα္း၊α‘αူးαျαα့္ αွα္αွα္αားαား ျαα ္α αာ α§ျαီα ျαားျαα္ ေαြးေαာα္αဲြ αွα့္ α်ားα ြာေαာ αိုα္αံေαး αွα့္ α ီးαြားေαး αုα္αα္းα α္α်ားျαα ္ေျαာα္း၊ αိုျαီးေαွ့αို့αα္αွα္း αိုα္ေαးα‘αြα္ α်αα္αα္ျαီးαု်α္α αα္αα္ေαာα္αံ αြားαα္αုααိျαုαါေျαာα္း၊`α်αα္-ျαα္αာ αိα္αီး ေαြးေαြးαဲြ αွα့္αα္αα္၍ αူးαဲြေျααာα်α္ αုα္ျαα္αာ αြα္ αα့္αြα္းေαာ္ျα αားαα္။
αααΌαα¦းαိα္းα ိα္ααα္း α်αα္၏ααုαဲ့αို့ေαာα္αံα‘ားေαးαα္ αု ααိααα္ျαုαိုα္ျαα္း α‘ေαααွα ္ေαာα္းα‘ားα ျαα ္αိαါေျαာα္း αွα့္ ျαုျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαး αုα္αα္းα်ားαွα့္ α်αα္-ျαα္αာαွα ္αိုα္αံ αα္αံေαး αိုαိုα‘ား ေαာα္းαာ ေαး α‘αြα္αα္း αα္αα္ ေαာα္αြα္ αြားαα္αု ααိααα္ ျαုေျαာျαားαဲ့αα္။
α်αα္ α‘α ိုးααα္ ျαα္αာαိုα္αံαွα့္ α ီးαြားေαး αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αႈ α်ားαိုαိုးျαွα့္ေαာα္αြα္αြားαα္ αု α်αα္αα္ျαီးαု်α္α αα္ေαာα္း ααိျαုαဲ့αα္။ျαα္αာαွα့္ αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αြားαα့္ αα္αα္ α်ားαွာ ျαα္αာျαα္αူα်ား αူαႈαα αိုးαα္ေαး၊ α‘αα္α‘α်α္းα်ား ေα့α်α့္αα္ေαာα္ေαး၊ α ီးαြားေαး α α္αα္αျαα္ αိုးαα္ေαး α‘αြα္αိုα‘α္ေαာ α‘ေျααံ α‘ေαာα္α‘α‘ံုα်ား ၊ αα္းαွα့္αα္αြα္ ေαာα αα ္α်ား αံြ့ျαိုးαိုးαα္ ေαးαို့ ျαα ္ျα ေျαာα္း αိαိွααα္။
αို့α‘ျαα္ α်αα္၏ αα္αα္αα္ျαား α‘ေαာα္α‘αံ့α်ား ျαα္αာαိုα္αံαို့ ျαα္αα္ ေαးα‘α္αိုα္ေαး α‘αြα္ ααα္α်α္αိွေααα့္ α်αα္αို့ေαးα αာαိွေαာ ေျαြးျαီαိα α₯α်ား ေျααα္αြားေα‘ာα္ αα္αို့ျαု αုα္ααα္αို ေαါα္းေαာα္ αွα ္α¦း αေαာ αူαီα်α္ ααိွ αြားေျαာα္းαα္း ααα္းαုα္ျαα္α်α္ αြα္ေαာ္ျααားαα္။
αို့α‘ျαα္ ျαα္αာαွα့္ α်αα္ αွα ္αိုα္αံαα္ αααေαးα‘ႏၱαာα္ α ီαံαα့္αဲြေαး၊၊ αိααΈံαွα့္αα္းααာ၊ α်αα္ αိုα္αံ၏ αα္းαီွးျαွα္αံွαႈαွα့္ αွα ္αα္αုα္αြα္αႈαိုးျαွα့္ေαး၊α ြα္းα‘α္αွα့္ ααာαα‘αα္းα‘ျαα ္α်ားαြα္ αူးေαါα္း ေαာα္αြα္ေαး၊ α်αα္ αုαၢαိα αိုα္းαုα္αြα္ေαး αွα့္αα္းαီွးျαွα္αံွေαး α‘αြα္ α‘ေααိαα္ ေαα αာαα္း α αααိွ ေα်းေαြ α‘ေαးαိα α₯α်ားαို ျαွα့္αα္ေαာα္αြα္ေαး α‘ေαးျαီးαα္αို α‘αိα‘αွα္ ျαုျα ေျαာα္းျαα့္αα္း ααα္း αုα္ျαα္α်α္αြα္ ေαာ္ျα αား αα္။
αုိαုိ(α α္αႈααၠαုိα္)
ျαα္αာ αိုα္αံေαာ္ αααΌα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္αွα့္ α်αα္αိုα္αံαα္ျαီးαု်α္αို့၏ αွα ္αိုα္αံေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား αိα္αီး α‘α α္းα‘ေαးαို α်αα္α‘α ိုးαα§α့္ေααာαြα္ α§ျαီαααα္ αေααိုα္းα α်α္းαα‘ျαီး ေαါα္းေαာα္αွα ္ α¦းαို့α ααα္းα ာ αွα္းαα္း αဲြျαုαုα္ αာ αြα္ α်αα္αα္ျαီးαု်α္α αα္းαဲ့αို့ေျαာျαားαြားျαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
`α်αα္αα္ျαီး αု်α္αα္ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးα၏ αီαိုαေαα ီ αွα့္ α‘αို်းαားေαါα္းα α္း αီαြα္ေαးαို့ ေαွ့αႈေαာ ေαာα္αြα္αႈα်ားαို ျαိုαိုေျαာα္း၊α‘αူးαျαα့္ αွα္αွα္αားαား ျαα ္α αာ α§ျαီα ျαားျαα္ ေαြးေαာα္αဲြ αွα့္ α်ားα ြာေαာ αိုα္αံေαး αွα့္ α ီးαြားေαး αုα္αα္းα α္α်ားျαα ္ေျαာα္း၊ αိုျαီးေαွ့αို့αα္αွα္း αိုα္ေαးα‘αြα္ α်αα္αα္ျαီးαု်α္α αα္αα္ေαာα္αံ αြားαα္αုααိျαုαါေျαာα္း၊`α်αα္-ျαα္αာ αိα္αီး ေαြးေαြးαဲြ αွα့္αα္αα္၍ αူးαဲြေျααာα်α္ αုα္ျαα္αာ αြα္ αα့္αြα္းေαာ္ျα αားαα္။
αααΌαα¦းαိα္းα ိα္ααα္း α်αα္၏ααုαဲ့αို့ေαာα္αံα‘ားေαးαα္ αု ααိααα္ျαုαိုα္ျαα္း α‘ေαααွα ္ေαာα္းα‘ားα ျαα ္αိαါေျαာα္း αွα့္ ျαုျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαး αုα္αα္းα်ားαွα့္ α်αα္-ျαα္αာαွα ္αိုα္αံ αα္αံေαး αိုαိုα‘ား ေαာα္းαာ ေαး α‘αြα္αα္း αα္αα္ ေαာα္αြα္ αြားαα္αု ααိααα္ ျαုေျαာျαားαဲ့αα္။
α်αα္ α‘α ိုးααα္ ျαα္αာαိုα္αံαွα့္ α ီးαြားေαး αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αႈ α်ားαိုαိုးျαွα့္ေαာα္αြα္αြားαα္ αု α်αα္αα္ျαီးαု်α္α αα္ေαာα္း ααိျαုαဲ့αα္။ျαα္αာαွα့္ αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αြားαα့္ αα္αα္ α်ားαွာ ျαα္αာျαα္αူα်ား αူαႈαα αိုးαα္ေαး၊ α‘αα္α‘α်α္းα်ား ေα့α်α့္αα္ေαာα္ေαး၊ α ီးαြားေαး α α္αα္αျαα္ αိုးαα္ေαး α‘αြα္αိုα‘α္ေαာ α‘ေျααံ α‘ေαာα္α‘α‘ံုα်ား ၊ αα္းαွα့္αα္αြα္ ေαာα αα ္α်ား αံြ့ျαိုးαိုးαα္ ေαးαို့ ျαα ္ျα ေျαာα္း αိαိွααα္။
αို့α‘ျαα္ α်αα္၏ αα္αα္αα္ျαား α‘ေαာα္α‘αံ့α်ား ျαα္αာαိုα္αံαို့ ျαα္αα္ ေαးα‘α္αိုα္ေαး α‘αြα္ ααα္α်α္αိွေααα့္ α်αα္αို့ေαးα αာαိွေαာ ေျαြးျαီαိα α₯α်ား ေျααα္αြားေα‘ာα္ αα္αို့ျαု αုα္ααα္αို ေαါα္းေαာα္ αွα ္α¦း αေαာ αူαီα်α္ ααိွ αြားေျαာα္းαα္း ααα္းαုα္ျαα္α်α္ αြα္ေαာ္ျααားαα္။
αို့α‘ျαα္ ျαα္αာαွα့္ α်αα္ αွα ္αိုα္αံαα္ αααေαးα‘ႏၱαာα္ α ီαံαα့္αဲြေαး၊၊ αိααΈံαွα့္αα္းααာ၊ α်αα္ αိုα္αံ၏ αα္းαီွးျαွα္αံွαႈαွα့္ αွα ္αα္αုα္αြα္αႈαိုးျαွα့္ေαး၊α ြα္းα‘α္αွα့္ ααာαα‘αα္းα‘ျαα ္α်ားαြα္ αူးေαါα္း ေαာα္αြα္ေαး၊ α်αα္ αုαၢαိα αိုα္းαုα္αြα္ေαး αွα့္αα္းαီွးျαွα္αံွေαး α‘αြα္ α‘ေααိαα္ ေαα αာαα္း α αααိွ ေα်းေαြ α‘ေαးαိα α₯α်ားαို ျαွα့္αα္ေαာα္αြα္ေαး α‘ေαးျαီးαα္αို α‘αိα‘αွα္ ျαုျα ေျαာα္းျαα့္αα္း ααα္း αုα္ျαα္α်α္αြα္ ေαာ္ျα αား αα္။
αုိαုိ(α α္αႈααၠαုိα္)
Source :Yangon Time Media Group
Making pavements as their homes, over 500 hundred Myanmar nationals, among them women and children, have camped for the past 12 days near the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) office here, demanding a refugee status.
"Life is not easy for refugees like us, who fled our country... at the age of 18... I have faced torture, extortion, trauma and starvation," Dilwana Begum, who works as a maid in Jammu, told IANS. "We are at least happy that unlike in our own country or Bangladesh, in India we feel safe and are not harassed for being Muslims. But the UNHCR is not paying heed to our plight."
Since April 9, Begum and over 500 people like her belonging to Burmese Rohingya community, a Muslim community hounded out from Myanmar (formerly Burma), have made temporary sheds of polythene sheets by the rear compound wall of the UNHCR office in B-2 Block of Vasant Vihar in south Delhi, demanding refugee cards.
"We were issued a asylum seeker card in August 2011 by the UNHCR, but it deprives us from lot of facilities that a refugee would get. We want a refugee card. Our children need education, better living conditions like water to drink and toilets. But we are deprived of this as we don't have a refugee card," said Zia-ul-Rahman, a refugee who left Myanmar two years ago and now lives in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh.
The refugees say that for the past 12 days, most of them did menial jobs to get food and water.
"We are at their doorsteps seeking help, but the UNHCR has not even reached us to see how we are managing here with small children and old people, hope they know the real meaning of human rights," lamented Abdul Hafeez, who stays at the camp.
Hafeez speaks very little Hindi, and through an interpreter told IANS: "I lost my parents four years ago as the Burmese Junta shot them saying that they did not support the military regime. I had to discontinue my education. Like other refugees from Burma and countries like Afghanistan, Somalia, we need a refugee status so that I can continue my studies."
Another refugee, Mamoon Rafeeq who works as teacher in Jammu said that the Rohingyas have been sidelined in Myanmar as they are a Muslim community.
"Unlike other Myanmarese refugees, Rohingya has been sidelined because we are Muslims. Other Myanmar refugees who are Christians and Buddhists are given refugee card," Rafeeq claimed.
However, the UNHCR officials say that they discussed the issue with the refugees four to five times, but were not persuaded by their arguments.
The officials said they will now meet 10 representatives of the community on May 20.
"We don't use the term Rohingya - we refer to this group as Muslims from northern Rakhine state. In India, there is no national legal framework for refugees, and because of this there are different approaches to different groups of people," Nayana Bose, associate external relations officer UNHCR, told IANS.
"We have already registered them as asylum seekers and issued identity cards. The card is similar to the refugee card as it helps prevent harassment, arbitrary arrests, detention and expulsion," Bose said.
"Moreover, we are having an on-going dialogue with this group, and for their own safety and well-being, we have asked them to go back to their residential places in India. We have offered to meet their representatives in a more structured manner, to see how best we can assist them, as we do with all groups of refugees and asylum seekers," Bose added.
Source here
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