α‘ေααိαα္ ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီးααα္αα္ ျαα္αာ့αီαိုαေαα ီ ေαါα္းေαာα္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αိုαုံုးαဲα αα္αြα္αΏαီး ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαြα္းα‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲေαြα ိα္α်αေα‘ာα္α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαဲαα‘ေαးαူαα္ αα္ႏိုα္αဲ့αုα္αိုα္αြα့္ေαြαိုαα္αΏαီးαားαိွαြားαα္αိုαာ ေျαာαိုαဲ့αါαα္။ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαးα ိုးαိα္α်α္ေαြαဲ ααα္αα္αိုααα္း ႏွα ္α₯ီးα‘ျαα္α‘αွα္ ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αΎααα္αိုααα္းαိααါαα္။αီα‘ေαΎαာα္းαိုαားαြα္αα₯ီး ααα္ျααားαါαα္။ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေααα‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαဲαα ီးαြားေαးαα္αα္αႈေαြ ေαွ်ာ့ေαးαိုα္ αΏαီးေαာα္ ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီးααα္αα္α ျαα္αာ့αီαိုαေαα ီေαါα္းေαာα္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αိုαံုး αα္αΏαီးα‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြαို ႏွα ္α₯ီးαား αံုးαα္ေαြးေႏြးαΎααာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘ေααိαα္α‘α ိုးαα‘ေααဲα ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးαွာα‘αα္αα‘αားျαα ္ေα αα့္αုαၢိဳα္α‘αဲြαα‘α α္းေαြαိုαα ္αွα္ αား α‘ေαးαူαႈေαြ αα္αုα္αြားαွာျαα ္αိုα၊ α‘ဲαီα‘αြα္ α‘αα္α ာαα္းαα ္ ျαဳα ုေαα်ိα္αွာαဲ αူαိုααွα ္α₯ီး α‘ေααိαα္α ံα်ိα္ αααၤေႏြ ααိုα္းα αံုးαဲαα αားေျαာျαα ္αာαါ။
“ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီး αီαာαα္ ααα္αα္αာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αို ေαα αα αα္ေαααα αံုးαα္αဲ့αာαါ။ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαြα္း ျαα ္ေαααိုးαα္αႈေαြαို αံုးαα္αΏαီး ျαα္αာα‘ေαα α‘ေαးαူαα္αα္αႈαဲα αα္αα္αိုα α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαဲα ααΎαာαα္α αံုးျαα္α်α္ေαြα‘ေαα ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αါαα္။ αာαα္αိαΏαီး αြα့္αα္းျαα္αာαဲ့ αα္းαွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြαုα္αိုα၊ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαး αုိαားαူေαြαို α‘ားေαးαိုααဲα αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α်ိဳးေαာα္αူေαြαို αα ္αွα္αား α‘ေαးαူαိုα ေαာα္αြα္αိုα αိုα‘α္α်α္ေαြα‘ေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαဲ့αΎααါαα္။”
ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαာα ေျαာαြα့္αα‘αာαိွαα ္α₯ီး ေျαာαြားαာαါ။αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့α‘αα္αုα္းα ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီးααα္ αα္α ျαα္αာႏို္α္αံαွာ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြ αုα္ႏိုα္αΎααΏαီαိုα ေαΎααာαြားα်ိα္αွာαဲ α‘ဲαီαα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြαာ ျαα္αာ αူαα‘αဲြαα‘α α္းα‘αြα္ αူαႈαာαα္ေαြαါ ααါαα္း αဲြαူαိုαဲ့ α်α့္αα္ေαာα္းေαြ αားαိွαိုα αိုα္αြα္းαဲ့αါαα္။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ α‘ေααိαα္αα္α α‘αု ေαွ်ာ့ေαးαိုα္αာαာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲ αုαၢαိααိုα္း αုα္αα္းေαြαဲα α‘αα္αα္ αူαႈα‘αဲြαα‘α α္းေαြ α‘ားေαာα္းαာαိုα ျαα ္ααိုαα္αိွ ျαဳျαα္ ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြαိုα‘ားေαးαဲ့αုα္αα္αα္း ျαα ္αα္αိုα ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
αါေααဲ့αα္း ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြ ေαာα္ေαΎαာα္းျαα္ααွα့္αြားαေα‘ာα္αိုα၊α₯αေαα‘αေαာ့ ျαα္αာα‘ေαα αα္αα္αႈေαြαα္αားαြားαα္αိုα ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီးααα္αα္α ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αို ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
“ααΎαာαα္αေαြα‘αြα္းျαα ္αဲ့αဲ့ αိုးαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြαာ α‘αိα္းα‘ေα ာα္းααံαဲ့ α‘ေျαα‘ေααွာ αိွေααဲျαα ္αΏαီး၊ αီ ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြ ေαာα္ျαα္αွα့္ααြားေα‘ာα္ ႏုိ္α္αံααာ α‘αိုα္းα‘αိုα္းα‘ေααဲα αြα္းα‘ားေαးေαာα္αြα္αြားαိုα αိုα‘α္α်α္ေαြαိုαα္း ႏွα ္α₯ီး αေαာαူαဲ့αΎααါαα္။ αီα‘αြα္αα္း α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြαို α ိα္α်αေα‘ာα္ α‘ေαးαူ αα္αα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ αုα္αိုα္αြα့္ေαြαို αα္αΏαီးαားαိွαြားαွာ ျαα ္αα္္αိုα ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီးααα္αα္α ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αို ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။”
ႏွα ္α₯ီးαား ေျαာαိုαΎααဲ့α‘αဲαွာ αိုα္းαα္းαား ααိααα‘ေαြα‘ေαး αိα α₯αိုαα္း αα့္αြα္း ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αα္αိုα αိααါαα္။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ေαာ့ αူα်ိဳးα ုေααေαြα‘αြα္း αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α်ိဳးေαာα္αႈေαြ α‘αံုးαα္ႏိုα္ေαး α‘αြα္ α‘ေαးαααီး ေαာα္αြα္ααα့္ αိုα‘α္α်α္ေαြαိွαα္ αိုαာαို ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αာαါ။ ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီး ααα္αα္αာ ျαα္αာႏို္α္αံαြα္း ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြ α‘α α်ိဳးαဲ့αဲ့ αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ ႏွα ္α‘αုα္αိုα္းα ျαα္αာႏို္α္αံαို αြားေαာα္αဲ့αါαα္။ α‘ဲαီα‘α်ိα္ααα္းα α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ု α‘ေααဲα ျαα္္αာαα္α αုα္αα္αα်α္α်α္း α‘ေαααွာ α‘ျαဳαေαာ αα်α္α်α္း αုံαျαα္αြားαα္αိုαΏαီး ααိααα္ျαဳαဲ့αာαါ။
αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ αီαα္းαα္αုα္းαေαာ့ αါαွα္αα္αို α‘α ိုးα ααားαα္ααီးα‘ျαα ္ αααα‘ααိα္ αာေαာα္αဲ့ ျαα္αာႏို္α္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီးα₯ီးααα°ေαာα္αြα္αဲα ေαြααံုαΏαီး၊α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαဲα ျαα္αာα‘ေαα α‘ေαးαူαႈေαြαို α‘α ိုးααုα္αို္α္αြα့္α‘ေααဲα ေαွ်ာ့ေαါ့ေαးαဲ့αာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ αါေααဲ့αα္း ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ α‘ေျαα‘ေααွာ α ိုးαိα္α αာ αုα္ေαာα္α αာေαြ α်α္ေαေαးαΏαီး αီα‘αြα္αα္း ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြ α‘αိွα္α‘αုα္ေαာα္းαာαိုααဲα αိုα္းαα္းαားα‘ေαးαိα α₯ေαြ ေျααွα္းႏိုα္αိုα α‘ေααိαα္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαα္α α‘ားေαး ေαာα္αံαြားαα္αိ္ုα ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
By αိုαားαႊα္αα₯ီး(αီြα‘ိုေα‘)
α‘α်ိα္αΎαာျαα့္α
ြာαွ်α္α
α
္αီးααΎαာαα ျαα္ေαာα္αႈေαΎαာα့္α
ီαα္းαွα့္αα္αႏα΅ျααႈα်ား ျαα
္αြားေαေαာ αႏၱေαးαΏαိဳααြα္αွ်α္α
α
္αီးααွိေαးα‘αြα္(αα.α
.αααα)αြα္αႏၱေαးαΏαိဳααူαΏαိဳααားα်ားαΏαိα္းα်α္းα
ြာαႏα΅ျααဲ့αΎα αΏαီးေαာα္ (αα.α
.αααα) αေαα αααၤာ αြα္αα္း αႏα΅ျααြားαα္ ျαα
္ေαΎαာα္း The Voice Weekly ααα္းေαာα္ α ေαးαိုααα္။
αေαααေα (α.αα) αာαီ α‘α်ိα္αွ α ၍ αီαိုးαား αုိαα္ေαွα αြα္ αေαာα္းαိုα္ αီးαြα္း၍ αΏαိα္းα်α္းα ြာ α ီαα္းαα္းေα်ာα္ αႏα΅ေαာ္αုα္ αဲြျαဳαုα္αα္ ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ၊ αုိα‘αဲြααုိ αွα္ αွα္αီααူ ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαာ αံαာေαာ္α်ားαα္း αါαα္ေαΎαာα္း αα္းα ေျαာαΎαားαα္။
" α‘αာαံ α αါးαα္၊ ေျαာα္αα္ေαာα္αွိαα္ αα္αα္။ α
αα့္ α‘α်ိα္ေαာα္αα္ α‘ဲαီαူေαြα αα္α αα္αို ေαာα္αာαဲ ααိαူး။ " αု αႏၱေαး ααα္းေαာα္α ααα္ေααα‘ေαြαα‘αΎαံဳαုိ αုα္းαα္ ေျαာ αΎαားαα္။
ααα္ေααααႏၱေαးαΏαိဳααြα္α ီαα္းαွα့္αα္αႏα΅ ျααႈ ျαα ္αြားαΏαီးေαာα္αုိα္းေαααΎαီးαွ်α္α α ္α‘α္α်α္αီαာαံုးαြα္αွ်α္α α ္αါα္α‘ား ျαα္αေα ေαးαႈα‘ေျαα‘ေααုိαွα္းαα္းαဲြျαဳαုα္αဲααာαွ်α္α α ္αါα္α‘ား αΏαα္ေαာα္ေαာ ေααာα်ားαြα္ α αα ေααီြ αီးα α္αΎαီး αα αံုးျαα့္ αွ်α္α α ္αါα္α‘ား ျαα္αေαေαးαြားαα္ ျαα ္αΏαီး α ီαα္းαွα့္αα္ αႏα΅ျααူα်ားα‘ား αα ္α ံုαα ္αာ α‘ေαးαူαြားαα္ ααုα္ေαΎαာα္း αုိα္းေαααΎαီး α‘α ိုးα αွ်α္α α ္ေαးαာ αα္αΎαီး αေျαာαΎαားαα္။
αေαααေα (α.αα) αာαီ α‘α်ိα္αွ α ၍ αီαိုးαား αုိαα္ေαွα αြα္ αေαာα္းαိုα္ αီးαြα္း၍ αΏαိα္းα်α္းα ြာ α ီαα္းαα္းေα်ာα္ αႏα΅ေαာ္αုα္ αဲြျαဳαုα္αα္ ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ၊ αုိα‘αဲြααုိ αွα္ αွα္αီααူ ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαာ αံαာေαာ္α်ားαα္း αါαα္ေαΎαာα္း αα္းα ေျαာαΎαားαα္။
ααα္ေααααႏၱေαးαΏαိဳααြα္α ီαα္းαွα့္αα္αႏα΅ ျααႈ ျαα ္αြားαΏαီးေαာα္αုိα္းေαααΎαီးαွ်α္α α ္α‘α္α်α္αီαာαံုးαြα္αွ်α္α α ္αါα္α‘ား ျαα္αေα ေαးαႈα‘ေျαα‘ေααုိαွα္းαα္းαဲြျαဳαုα္αဲααာαွ်α္α α ္αါα္α‘ား αΏαα္ေαာα္ေαာ ေααာα်ားαြα္ α αα ေααီြ αီးα α္αΎαီး αα αံုးျαα့္ αွ်α္α α ္αါα္α‘ား ျαα္αေαေαးαြားαα္ ျαα ္αΏαီး α ီαα္းαွα့္αα္ αႏα΅ျααူα်ားα‘ား αα ္α ံုαα ္αာ α‘ေαးαူαြားαα္ ααုα္ေαΎαာα္း αုိα္းေαααΎαီး α‘α ိုးα αွ်α္α α ္ေαးαာ αα္αΎαီး αေျαာαΎαားαα္။
α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α
ုα ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံα‘ေαα α်αွα္α‘ေαးαူαားαဲ့ α
ီးαြားေαး αိα္αုိ ့α‘ေαးαူαႈ αα်ိဳααို αုိα္းαံံ့αားαုိα္αဲ့α‘ေαα α‘ေααိαα္ αြα္ααα္ αႊα္ေαာ္α αα္αွားαဲ့ ေα‘ာα္αႊα္ေαာ္ α‘αα္ αုံးα₯ီးα α
ုိးαိα္αူαα္ေαΎαာα္း ေαΎααာα်α္ α‘αီးα‘αီး αုα္ျαα္ေျαာαုိαုိα္αါαα္။
ေαααααα္ေα ့α
ြဲαဲα ေα‘ာα္αႊα္ေαာ္α₯αၠααံαα္αြα္းαဲ့α‘ဲαီ ေαΎααာα်α္ေαြαွာ ေα‘ာα္αႊα္ေαာ္ ααားေαးαာ ေαာ္ααိီ α₯αၠα Mr Trent Franks α αααΌα α‘ုိαားαား α‘α
ုိးααာ αီိးαီးαားႏုိα္αံαွာ α‘αိုα္α‘αံေαြαို αူαီαဲ့α‘ေααဲα αိα္αုိ ့α‘ေαးαူαႈ α‘αα
္ေαြ α်αွα္ေααဲ့ α‘α်ိα္αွာ ျαα္αာျαα္α ျαα္αူေαြα‘αူးαျαα့္αα်α္ျαα္αα္α ျαα္αူေαြα‘ေαα ေα်ာαုိα္းαုိα္αα္ αုိ ့ေျαာαုိαΏαီး α
ြα္းα‘α္αဲα αူးαα္းေαာα္းαα္ေαးαာ ေαာ္ααီαα္ Joseph Pitts αေαာ့ αα်α္ျαα္αူαူαု αုႏွα
္ေαာα္းေα်ာ္ α‘ုိးαဲ့α‘ိα္αဲ့ ျαα
္ေαα်ိα္αွာ α‘ုိαားαား α‘α
ိုးααာ ျαα္αာα‘α
ိုးααိုေαာ့ αုαα္ေαြ α်ီးျαွα့္ေααα္αုိ ့ေαာ္ျααါαွိαါαα္။
α‘αားαူ αြα္ααα္ ေα‘ာα္αႊα္ေαာ္ ႏုိα္αံျαား αα္αံေαးαာ ေαာ္ααီ α₯αၠα Ileana Ros-Lehtinen ααα္း α‘ုိαားαား α‘α ုိးαα‘ေααဲ ့ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံα‘ေαα αိα္αို ့α‘ေαးαူαႈ αα်ိဳ ့ αိုα္းαံ့ျαα္းαာ α‘α်ိα္αα်ေαးαဲ ေαာα္αြα္αဲ့ αုα္αα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ေαΎααာα်α္ αုα္ျαα္ ေျαာαိုαုိα္αါαα္။
α‘αားαူ αြα္ααα္ ေα‘ာα္αႊα္ေαာ္ ႏုိα္αံျαား αα္αံေαးαာ ေαာ္ααီ α₯αၠα Ileana Ros-Lehtinen ααα္း α‘ုိαားαား α‘α ုိးαα‘ေααဲ ့ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံα‘ေαα αိα္αို ့α‘ေαးαူαႈ αα်ိဳ ့ αိုα္းαံ့ျαα္းαာ α‘α်ိα္αα်ေαးαဲ ေαာα္αြα္αဲ့ αုα္αα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ေαΎααာα်α္ αုα္ျαα္ ေျαာαိုαုိα္αါαα္။
RFA
αα်α္ျαα္αα္α α
α
္αြဲေαြ αα္αα္αေαးα‘αြα္ ျαα္ေαာα္α
ုα‘αα့္ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြဲα αα္ααီး α₯ီးေα‘ာα္αα္း α₯ီးေαာα္αဲ့α‘αြဲααာ KIO α‘αြဲα α‘ေαြေαြ α‘αြα္းေαးαွဴး ေαါα္αာαα်ာ α₯ီးေαာα္αဲ့ α‘αြဲααဲα αီαေαα ေαα αα αα္ေαα ααα္αိုα္းα αိုα္းႏုိα္αံေျαာα္αိုα္း α်α္းαိုα္းαΏαိဳααွာ α‘αြα္αေαာ ေαြααံုαဲ့αα္αိုα αိααါαα္။
ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြဲα ေαါα္းေαာα္ ααားαိုαေαာα္ေαးαα္αΎαိီး α₯ီးေα‘ာα္αα္း ျαα ္αါαα္။
KIOα‘αြဲααာα₯ီးေα‘ာα္ေαာα္းα₯ီးေαာα္αဲα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုα‘αα့္ ျαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြဲααဲα ေαးαΎαိα္αα္ααα္း ေαြααံုျαီး ျαα ္ေααဲ့ ျαα္αα္αြဲαα α္းαားαဲ့ α₯ီးေα‘ာα္αα္း α₯ီးေαာα္αဲαα‘αြဲααဲα α‘αု ααααံုးα‘αΎαိα္ ေαြααံုαာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာ αါαα္αူ KIA αα္αြဲααုαိαα α ္α₯ိီးα ီးα်ဳα္αိုα္α်ဳα္αြα္ေαာ္ααα္ျαီး ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့ ေαြးေႏြးαြဲေαြ αိုးαα္αႈαေα‘ာα္ α‘αုααာαα‘αα့္ ေαြααံုαာαိုα α‘αုαိုေျαာαါαα္။
"αြ်α္ေαာ္αိုα ααα္αိုα္း α αာαီαြဲေαာα္αေα ေαααα္ αα αာαီေαာα္α‘αိ αြ်α္ေαာ္αိုα α‘αြα္αေαာ ေαြααΎααာαါ။ αααα္αံုးαိုα ေျαာαိုαααါαα္။ ေαွααုα္αα္းα α₯္αို αြ်α္ေαာ္αိုα ေαြးေႏြးαα္။ αα္ျαီးေαြααΎααိုααို αေαာαူαα္။ α‘ဲαာαါαဲ။ αြ်α္ေαာ္αိုα αီေααေαြးေႏြးαာα ေαွααုα္αα္း α‘α ီα‘α α₯္ေαြαို α‘αိα ေျαာαိုαာαါ"
αီαေαα ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαဲα αα္αα္ျαီး α‘ေαးα ိα္ α‘α်α္α‘αα္ေαြαို ႏွα ္αα္αံုးα ေျαာαိုျαα္း αျαဳαါαူး။ ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုα‘αα့္ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြဲαα αီးααားαိုαေαာα္ေαး αα္ααီး α₯ီးေα‘ာα္αα္း ၊ α₯ီးαα္αီαဲα α₯ီးα ိုးαိα္းαိုα αါαα္αΏαီး αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး α‘α်ိဳးေαာα္α‘αြဲαα α₯ီးααိုα္αြα္α်ာ၊ α₯ီးααာαြα္းေα‘ာα္αိုα αါαα္ေαΎαာα္း αိααါαα္။
ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြဲα ေαါα္းေαာα္ ααားαိုαေαာα္ေαးαα္αΎαိီး α₯ီးေα‘ာα္αα္း ျαα ္αါαα္။
KIOα‘αြဲααာα₯ီးေα‘ာα္ေαာα္းα₯ီးေαာα္αဲα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုα‘αα့္ ျαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြဲααဲα ေαးαΎαိα္αα္ααα္း ေαြααံုျαီး ျαα ္ေααဲ့ ျαα္αα္αြဲαα α္းαားαဲ့ α₯ီးေα‘ာα္αα္း α₯ီးေαာα္αဲαα‘αြဲααဲα α‘αု ααααံုးα‘αΎαိα္ ေαြααံုαာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာ αါαα္αူ KIA αα္αြဲααုαိαα α ္α₯ိီးα ီးα်ဳα္αိုα္α်ဳα္αြα္ေαာ္ααα္ျαီး ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့ ေαြးေႏြးαြဲေαြ αိုးαα္αႈαေα‘ာα္ α‘αုααာαα‘αα့္ ေαြααံုαာαိုα α‘αုαိုေျαာαါαα္။
"αြ်α္ေαာ္αိုα ααα္αိုα္း α αာαီαြဲေαာα္αေα ေαααα္ αα αာαီေαာα္α‘αိ αြ်α္ေαာ္αိုα α‘αြα္αေαာ ေαြααΎααာαါ။ αααα္αံုးαိုα ေျαာαိုαααါαα္။ ေαွααုα္αα္းα α₯္αို αြ်α္ေαာ္αိုα ေαြးေႏြးαα္။ αα္ျαီးေαြααΎααိုααို αေαာαူαα္။ α‘ဲαာαါαဲ။ αြ်α္ေαာ္αိုα αီေααေαြးေႏြးαာα ေαွααုα္αα္း α‘α ီα‘α α₯္ေαြαို α‘αိα ေျαာαိုαာαါ"
αီαေαα ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαဲα αα္αα္ျαီး α‘ေαးα ိα္ α‘α်α္α‘αα္ေαြαို ႏွα ္αα္αံုးα ေျαာαိုျαα္း αျαဳαါαူး။ ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုα‘αα့္ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြဲαα αီးααားαိုαေαာα္ေαး αα္ααီး α₯ီးေα‘ာα္αα္း ၊ α₯ီးαα္αီαဲα α₯ီးα ိုးαိα္းαိုα αါαα္αΏαီး αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး α‘α်ိဳးေαာα္α‘αြဲαα α₯ီးααိုα္αြα္α်ာ၊ α₯ီးααာαြα္းေα‘ာα္αိုα αါαα္ေαΎαာα္း αိααါαα္။
αိαα
္αိုα္ αααΌα Benigno Aquino α ျαα္αာ့αီαိုαေαα
ီေαါα္းေαာα္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα
ုαΎαα္αို α‘αုႏွα
္α‘αြα္း αာေαာα္αိုα αိα္αΎαားα်α္αာ αα့္ေαာ္ေαာα္းαြα္αဲ့ α‘α်ိα္ေαာα္း ျαα
္αα္αိုα αိαα
္αိုα္ ααီαာαိုα္းα္ ααα္းα
ာ α‘α္αီαာ့α‘ာေαာ္αွာ ေαးαားαားαါαα္။αိαα ္αိုα္ αြα္αα္ေαးေαα α‘αါαααျαα ္αဲ့ αြα္α αα αα္ေαα၊ αါαွααုα္ α‘ဲαီααိုα္αα္ αာေαာα္αα္αိုαα္ αါαာ ႏွα ္ႏိုα္αံα‘αΎαား ααိုα္းαα္αΏαီး α‘ႏွα ္αာααိွαဲ့ ααီးα α₯္ျαα ္αိα့္αα္αိုα ααီαာαိုα္းα္αွာ ေαးαားαားαါαα္။
αိαα ္αိုα္ႏိုα္αံαာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αြားေαာα္αα့္ααααံုးα‘ာαီαံαီαိုαေαα ီႏိုα္αံ ျαα ္αိα့္αα္ αိုααα္း ေαးαါαα္။ αီααα္းαဲααα္αα္αိုα α‘α်ိဳးαားαီαိုαေαα ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ NLD αα္α αီးျαားα‘αα္ျαဳα်α္ေαာ့ ααေαးαါαူး။ αိαα ္αိုα္ႏိုα္αံαာ ျαα္αာ့αီαိုαေαα ီေαးαို αα္αα္αΎαြαΎαြ ေαာα္αံα‘ားေαးαဲ့αဲ့ α‘ာαီαံႏိုα္αံ ျαα ္αါαα္။
By αြီα‘ိုေα‘ (ျαα္αာαာα)
President Barack Obama with the other G8 leaders in a working session focused on global and economic issues, in the dining room of Laurel Cabin at Camp David Photograph: Pete Souza/White House
ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္αီαိုαေαα
ီαα္းαα္းα်ေαာ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈα်ား ေαာ္ေαာα္αဲ့ျαα္းα‘αြα္ ျαα္αာ ႏုိα္αံ၏ αααΌαα₯ီးαိα္းα
ိα္ႏွα့္ αီαိုαေαα
ီ αိုαားαူ ေαါα္းေαာα္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα
ုαΎαα္αိုα၏ αူးျαား ေျαာα္ေျαာα္ေαာααိဳးαα္းေαာα္αြα္αႈα်ားαိုα်ီ-α ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαα်ီးα်ဴးေျαာαိုαိုα္ေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။
αα္းα‘ျαဳαေαာေαာα္ေαာαွα္α်α္α်ားαွာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαြα္α‘ေျααံα်ေαာ ႏိုα္αံေαး ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲ αႈα်ား ျαα ္ေαααာေα αα္α‘ားေαးေαာα္αံαα္α‘αိုααွာα‘ေααိαα္ႏိုα္αံααိα္αိုααားαီးαႈα်ားαို ေျαေαွ်ာ့ေαး αဲ့αΏαီး αα္α‘αα္းαα္α‘αΎαာαွာαα္ αြα္ေαααာျαα္းျαα ္αα္။
ေααွα္αα္αံ့αΏαီး ေαာα္ ျαα္ααွα့္ေαာ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးα်ား ေαာ္ေαာα္αα္ αိုα‘α္αα္αို α‘αိα‘αွα္ျαဳေαΎαာα္း၊ αα္αွိ αုα္αိုα္ေαာα္αြα္αႈα်ားαိုαα္း ေαာα္αံαါေαΎαာα္း α‘αူးαျαα့္ αိုα္းαα္းαားေααα်ားαြα္ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးေαာ္ေαာα္αႈ၊ α‘α်ိဳးαားျαα္αα္α α္းαံုးαီ ၫြα္ေαးႏွα့္ αီαိုαေαα ီα‘ေျα αုိα္αာေαးααိဳးαα္းαႈα်ားαို ေαာα္αံαါေαΎαာα္း α်ီ-α ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα α‘ေααိαα္ႏုိα္αံαါαွα္αα္αΏαိဳαα‘αီးαြα္ ျαဳαုα္αဲ့αα့္αိα္αီးေαြးေႏြးαြဲα‘αΏαီးαူးαြဲေαΎααာα်α္αြα္ ေαာ္ျα αα္။
ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြံααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္ေαးα‘αြα္ ႏုိα္αံααာαွα‘αူα‘αီေαးα‘α္ေαးαူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ေαေαာ ႏိုα္αံα်ား၊ α‘αြဲαα‘ α α္းα်ား αΎαားαြα္αα္း αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αႈα်ား αိုαိုαုα္ေαာα္ ေαး αုိα‘α္ေαΎαာα္းαိုαα္း α‘ ေαးα‘αα္αားေαΎαာα္းႏွα့္ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈα်ားαွာαα္း ျαα္αာျαα္αူα်ားα‘αြα္ α‘α်ိဳးျαα ္αြα္းαα္ αုိα‘α္ေαΎαာα္း α်ီ-α ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα αα္ေαာα္းေျαာαΎαားαα္။
α်ီ-α α‘α α္းα‘ေαးα်ား α်α္းαေααာ α‘ေααိαα္αααΌα ေႏြαာαီα‘αα္းေျαα αα္း Camp David ၌ ေα ာေα ာαုိα္းαြα္ ααα»ာ့α α္αႈα‘α္α‘ားααီးႏုိα္αံα်ားα‘ား αိုα္α ားျαဳ α αားေျαာαΎαားαာ αြα္αα္း α‘ေααိαα္αααΌα αားαα္α‘ိုαားαားα “ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ ႏုိα္αံေαး ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈα်ား αα္αα္αုα္ေαာα္αα္αိုααα½ြα္ေαာ္αိုα ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αါαα္။αီαုα္αα္းα α₯္αိုα‘ားေαးαူαီαိုαα‘αြα္αα္း αα½ြα္ေαာ္αုိα αုα္ႏုိα္αာ αွα္ααွ်αုα္ေαာα္ေαးαြားαါαα္”αု ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αα္။
α‘ေααိαα္αααΌαα‘ိုαားαားαα္ ေαα αα αα္α ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈαားαီးαိα္αိုα αားျαα္းα်ားαို ေαွ်ာ့ေαါ့ေαးαဲ့αΏαီး αα ႏွα ္α‘αြα္း ျαα္ αာႏုိα္αံα‘αြα္ αααα₯ီးαံုး α‘ေααိαα္αံα‘αα္αα ္α₯ီးαို αα္αα‘α္αဲ့αα္။
ααုα‘αါαြα္ α‘ေααိαα္ α ီးαြားေαးαုα္αα္းα်ား ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္ αာေαာα္αုα္αိုα္ႏုိα္αΏαီျαα ္ေαာ္αα္း α α ္αα္ႏွα့္ αူးေαါα္းαα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈα်ားαိုαူ α‘ေααိαα္α‘α ိုးαα αα္αα္αα္ααα္αားαα္။
-Ref:AFP
αα္းα‘ျαဳαေαာေαာα္ေαာαွα္α်α္α်ားαွာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαြα္α‘ေျααံα်ေαာ ႏိုα္αံေαး ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲ αႈα်ား ျαα ္ေαααာေα αα္α‘ားေαးေαာα္αံαα္α‘αိုααွာα‘ေααိαα္ႏိုα္αံααိα္αိုααားαီးαႈα်ားαို ေျαေαွ်ာ့ေαး αဲ့αΏαီး αα္α‘αα္းαα္α‘αΎαာαွာαα္ αြα္ေαααာျαα္းျαα ္αα္။
ေααွα္αα္αံ့αΏαီး ေαာα္ ျαα္ααွα့္ေαာ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးα်ား ေαာ္ေαာα္αα္ αိုα‘α္αα္αို α‘αိα‘αွα္ျαဳေαΎαာα္း၊ αα္αွိ αုα္αိုα္ေαာα္αြα္αႈα်ားαိုαα္း ေαာα္αံαါေαΎαာα္း α‘αူးαျαα့္ αိုα္းαα္းαားေααα်ားαြα္ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးေαာ္ေαာα္αႈ၊ α‘α်ိဳးαားျαα္αα္α α္းαံုးαီ ၫြα္ေαးႏွα့္ αီαိုαေαα ီα‘ေျα αုိα္αာေαးααိဳးαα္းαႈα်ားαို ေαာα္αံαါေαΎαာα္း α်ီ-α ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα α‘ေααိαα္ႏုိα္αံαါαွα္αα္αΏαိဳαα‘αီးαြα္ ျαဳαုα္αဲ့αα့္αိα္αီးေαြးေႏြးαြဲα‘αΏαီးαူးαြဲေαΎααာα်α္αြα္ ေαာ္ျα αα္။
ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြံααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္ေαးα‘αြα္ ႏုိα္αံααာαွα‘αူα‘αီေαးα‘α္ေαးαူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ေαေαာ ႏိုα္αံα်ား၊ α‘αြဲαα‘ α α္းα်ား αΎαားαြα္αα္း αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αႈα်ား αိုαိုαုα္ေαာα္ ေαး αုိα‘α္ေαΎαာα္းαိုαα္း α‘ ေαးα‘αα္αားေαΎαာα္းႏွα့္ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈα်ားαွာαα္း ျαα္αာျαα္αူα်ားα‘αြα္ α‘α်ိဳးျαα ္αြα္းαα္ αုိα‘α္ေαΎαာα္း α်ီ-α ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα αα္ေαာα္းေျαာαΎαားαα္။
α်ီ-α α‘α α္းα‘ေαးα်ား α်α္းαေααာ α‘ေααိαα္αααΌα ေႏြαာαီα‘αα္းေျαα αα္း Camp David ၌ ေα ာေα ာαုိα္းαြα္ ααα»ာ့α α္αႈα‘α္α‘ားααီးႏုိα္αံα်ားα‘ား αိုα္α ားျαဳ α αားေျαာαΎαားαာ αြα္αα္း α‘ေααိαα္αααΌα αားαα္α‘ိုαားαားα “ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ ႏုိα္αံေαး ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈα်ား αα္αα္αုα္ေαာα္αα္αိုααα½ြα္ေαာ္αိုα ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αါαα္။αီαုα္αα္းα α₯္αိုα‘ားေαးαူαီαိုαα‘αြα္αα္း αα½ြα္ေαာ္αုိα αုα္ႏုိα္αာ αွα္ααွ်αုα္ေαာα္ေαးαြားαါαα္”αု ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αα္။
α‘ေααိαα္αααΌαα‘ိုαားαားαα္ ေαα αα αα္α ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈαားαီးαိα္αိုα αားျαα္းα်ားαို ေαွ်ာ့ေαါ့ေαးαဲ့αΏαီး αα ႏွα ္α‘αြα္း ျαα္ αာႏုိα္αံα‘αြα္ αααα₯ီးαံုး α‘ေααိαα္αံα‘αα္αα ္α₯ီးαို αα္αα‘α္αဲ့αα္။
ααုα‘αါαြα္ α‘ေααိαα္ α ီးαြားေαးαုα္αα္းα်ား ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္ αာေαာα္αုα္αိုα္ႏုိα္αΏαီျαα ္ေαာ္αα္း α α ္αα္ႏွα့္ αူးေαါα္းαα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈα်ားαိုαူ α‘ေααိαα္α‘α ိုးαα αα္αα္αα္ααα္αားαα္။
-Ref:AFP
ေαျαα္ေαာ္ေααိα္αို့ေαာα္ေαးαα္ျαီးαာαေαေျαာα္းαို့ေαာα္ေαးαွြα္ျαားαႈα¦းα ီးαာα ေα‘ာα္ αိွေαေျαာα္းαα္αြα္αα္းαွြα္αြα္αဲေαးαာααဲြαα္ျαα္αြα္းေααာα္α်ားαွα့္ျαα္αာαိုα္αံေαေျαာα္း αိုα္αα္α‘αြα္းျαα္ေα်ာ္αံ် αα္းα်α္αိွေαာေααာα္α်ား၏ေαး αα္းαံုျαံုα ြာαံ်αα္းαα္းαα္αိုα္ေαး α‘αြα္αိုα‘α္ေαာαα္αြα္ေαးα α္α်ား၊ေαေျαာα္းαα္းαွြα္္α α္α်ားαွα့္ေαေျαာα္းαံုးေααါα်ား α‘ားα‘α α္ေαာα္းαြα္αႈαိွေαေα ေαးαာαα္αူေαာα္αြα္αေαာ αာααဲြျαα ္αါαα္။
ααုα‘αါαα္းαာααဲြ၏α α္αα α₯α္းα်ားျαုျαα္αိα္းαိα္းျαα္းαုα္αα္းα‘ားαုαၢαိα αုααΈαီαα ္αုျαα ္ေαာ PARTNER ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONALαုααΈαီ၏ αα္αဲြαα ္αုျαα ္ေαာ TRACTION TECHNOLOGIES Pte. Ltd αွ αα ္αွα ္αွ်α္ ျαုျαα္αိα္းαိα္းα αိα္ α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာ (α.α )αα္းျαα့္ ααူαုα္ေαာα္α်α္ αိွေααါαα္။
αို့αာαြα္α‘αွα္ααα္αာαα္αူေαာα္ေααေαာေαေျαာα္းαα္αြα္αα္းαွြα္αြα္αဲေαးαာααဲြαိွ αα္αα္းα‘α်ားα ုαွာαα္αα့္α‘αို်းေα်းαူးαွααံα ားααဲαုα္αိုα္αြα့္ααုααΈαီ αွα့္α‘α ိုးααာααွαူျαီးα်ားαာ α‘αို်းေα်းαူးααိွα ံα ားေαျααါαα္။
αα္းαို့αာαα္αူαုα္αိုα္αြα့္ααိွαဲ့αα့္αααααုαွα ္αိုαα္αာααွα αα္ျαီးαေα့α‘αိ်α္α‘αိ(α)ααα့္αာα α‘αြα္းαα္းαုααΈαီီαွαံုးα ဲြαဲ့ေαာαα့္αွα္းေαြααာααွာα‘ေααိαα္ေαααာ(ααααα(αံုးေαာα္း)αα့္αာ αံုးα ဲြαားေျαာα္းေαြ့αိွααါαα္။
αα္းαα့္αွα္းαုα္α်ေαြαွာαα္ေααိα္(α)αုαα့္αိွေαေျαာα္းαα္αြα္ေαးα α္α်ားαို့်αြα္းα်α္α ီးαႈျαα ္ေαα αါααာααွαα္αα္းαα ္α¦းαို့ααုα္αွα ္α¦းαွαြားေαာα္ျαုျαα္αာαြα္αα ္α¦းαွ်α္α‘ေααိαα္ေαααာ(ααα)α αိွαα့္α‘αြα္αုα္α်α αိα္ျαα ္αါαα္။
αို့ေαာ္αα္းαα္းαα္αα္းαွာαα္းαα္αα္းα‘α်ားα ုαဲαွα‘αα္းα ုαာαွ်α္ျαα ္ျαီးαα္ေααိα္αို့α α္ျαα္ αြားαွαာααိွျαα္းျαα ္αါαα္။αα္းαုααΈαီီα‘ေαျαα့္αα ္αွα ္αွ်α္α‘αα္းαံုးေαααာ(α.α)αα္းαα့္α‘ျαα္α αိွαါαα္။
αα္းαို့αုααΈαီα‘ေαျαα့္αာααိုα္αာαူျαီးα်ားαွα့္αူးေαါα္းαြα္αိုα္ျαီးαုα္αိုα္αြα့္αα္αα္αာααူ αြားျαα္းျαα ္αါαα္။α‘αွα္ααα္α α္α်ားျαုျαα္ααα္αွာα‘α ိုးααာααွ αα္αα္းα်ားαာျαα ္αါαα္။
Myanmar News Now
Abdul Rahim crossed the border into neighbouring Bangladesh late last year and secured passage on a rickety boat for the perilous 3,200-kilometre (2,000-mile) sea voyage to Malaysia.
"I could not stay (in Myanmar) anymore. We could not go to school, I could not get any job," said Abdul Rahim, 18, of the plight of the Rohingya, a Muslim minority that alleges particularly acute repression under Myanmar's government.
The newly civilian government's moves to relax decades of military rule have been hailed worldwide and provided hope of a new era for majority Burmese and ethnic minorities who have long claimed oppression.
But refugees and activists say initial optimism is fading among many Rohingya -- whom the United Nations calls one of the world's most persecuted minorities -- as repressive practices have continued and an exodus abroad shows no sign of abating.
"I don't want to go back. There will be no change," Abdul Rahim said in the Rohingya language through a translator.
Myanmar has an estimated 750,000 Rohingya, according to the United Nations, mainly in the western coastal state of Rakhine bordering Bangladesh. Another one million or more are believed to already live in exile in other countries.
A Muslim minority in mainly Buddhist Myanmar who speak a Bengali dialect, Rohingyas claim decades of persecution by a government that they say views them with suspicion.
Activists say forced labour is common and Rohingyas face discriminatory practices including travel restrictions, limits on family size, and a refusal to issue them passports that leaves them effectively stateless.
"There is no change at the moment. The Rohingya still see no future," said Chris Lewa, director of Bangkok-based The Arakan Project, an advocacy group monitoring the Rohingya.
An estimated 7,000 Rohingya, some from exile in Bangladesh but also directly from Myanmar, risked the voyage to Malaysia since October, she said.
Many still flee to Bangladesh but Muslim Malaysia has steadily become a magnet due to its more developed economy and because authorities have closed one eye to illegal migration in recent years due to a need for cheap labour.
Malaysia has an estimated two million illegal migrants, most seeking economic opportunities, but the UN refugee agency said there also are about 97,000 legitimate refugees fleeing persecution or other hardship, mostly from Myanmar and including 23,000 Rohingya.
"The new destination country is Malaysia. This year it could be more than ever coming here," Lewa said.
Once in Malaysia, Rohingya remain vulnerable to harrassment and have limited access to services such as health care.
Lewa said Myanmar invited Rohingya to vote, stand as candidates and form political parties in 2010 elections, but adds that a corresponding offer of possible citizenship never materialised, crushing the hopes of many.
"While the new government has engaged in a series of reforms toward democratisation, there has been no real progress for the Rohingya, no change at the policy level and very little on the ground," Lewa said.
"Forced labour, marriage restrictions, restrictions on movement and arbitrary arrests continue."
Abdul Rahim embarked on the dangerous journey south along the Myanmar, Thai and Malaysian coasts with two dozen others aboard a small boat in Bangladesh.
"I was very scared," he said.
Intercepted by Thai authorities, they were detained in a jungle camp for several weeks and fed just once a day until Abdul Rahim and several others bribed their way out.
They eventually made their way by bus and on foot to the Malaysian border.
Those who make it must dodge Malaysian authorities while scraping out a meagre living through manual labour.
In a bare room in a residential neighbourhood in Klang, a port town 30 kilometres west of the capital Kuala Lumpur, scores of young Rohingya men recounted their troubles back home as they sat together after an Islamic lesson.
Abdul Rahim said he was regularly snatched from his home to help build roads, cut down trees and perform other hard labour at the military camp.
"In Myanmar we can never sleep. Now we can sleep here," he said.
Several of the men said they paid smugglers up to $1,000 for passage, yet now earn just 30 ringgit ($10) a day transporting boxes of produce at a local fishmarket.
Some harbour dim hopes of resettlement through the UN refugee agency to a third country such as the United States or Australia.
But others embark on the even longer boat journey to Australia via Indonesia.
"They have no hope. If they die (at sea), never mind. (They may) find a better life," said a Rohingya exile who only gave his name as Yahya.
Sources:
αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ α‘αα္α ျαα္αာျαα္αိုα္αာ α
α α်α္αွာ α‘α
ီαα္αံα
ာαို IMFα‘ျαα္ျαα္αိုα္αာ ေαြေαΎαးα‘αြဲαα αုα္ျαα္αိုα္αါαα္။ α₯ီးαိα္းα
ိα္ α‘α
ိုးααဲ α ျαဳျαα္ေαးα‘α
ီα‘α
α₯္ေαΎαာα့္ ျαα္αာα
ီးαြားေαး αြံααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္αႈ α‘αားα‘αာαွိေαΎαာα္း αံုးαα္αားαါαα္။ IMF αာ α‘α
ီαα္αံα
ာαို α‘α
α₯္α‘ားေα်ာα
ြာ αုα္ျαα္αာαာ α‘ႏွα
္ (αα) ေα်ာ္ αွိαာαါαΏαီ။ αီႏွα
္ α‘α
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ာαဲ α αူးျαားαႈααုα αုα္ျαα္αိုα ျαα္αာα‘α
ိုးαα αααα₯ီးαံုး αေαာαူαီαိုα္αာ ျαα
္αါαα္။ αုαိα ααာ α»α
α
္α‘αΏαီးαွ αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αဲ့ αါαွα္αα္α‘ေျαα
ိုα္α‘αြဲααွာ ααα ႏိုα္αံ αါαα္αါαα္။ α
ီးαြားေαး၊ ααာေαး ေα့αာေα
ာα့္αΎαα့္αႈ၊ α‘αα္ααာ α‘αူα‘αီေαးαႈ၊ ေαြေα်းαႈ αဲα α‘α်α္α‘αα္ αုေαααျαဳေαးαႈαို α‘αိααား αုα္αိုα္αဲ့α‘αြဲαα‘α
α္း ျαα
္αါαα္။
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαာ ααα α αုႏွα ္αွာ IMF α‘αြဲααα္ ျαα ္αာαါαα္။ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္ααါαီαα IMF α‘αာαα္း (α) α₯ီးαဲα ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးα α‘αာαα္းေαြ ေαျαα္ေαာ္αွာ (α) αα္αΎαာ ေαြးေႏြးαΏαီး αα္ααွာ ေαးαားαΏαီးα ီးαဲ့ α‘α ီαα္αံα ာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ GDP ျαα္αြα္းαုα္αုα္αႈ α‘αားαα္αုα္αုα္αႈαာ αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ ααာေαးႏွα ္αွာ α .α αာαိုα္ႏႈα္း αိုးαာαΏαီး αααα-αα ααာေαးႏွα ္αွာ α αာαိုα္ႏႈα္း αိုးαာαα္αိုα IMF α αα္ααွα္းαါαα္။
ααာα‘α ိုးααα္αα္αွာ GDP ျαα္αြα္းα‘αားαα္ αုα္αုα္αႈαα္းαိုးαို αα αာαုိα္ႏႈα္းေα်ာ္ αိုးေαΎαာα္း α‘αΏαဲαα္းေαΎααာαါαα္။ α‘αုေαာ့ αိုးαα္αႈႏႈα္း α αာαိုα္ႏႈα္းαွာαာαွိေαΎαာα္း IMF α‘αြဲαα αြα္ျααာαို ααာα‘α ိုးα α‘αာαα္းေαြαα္α αα္αံαα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ႏွα ္ αΎααုα္α ေαျαα္ေαာ္αွာα်α္းααဲ့αဲ့α ီးαြားေαးျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးα‘αုα္αံု ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာ ျαα္αြα္းα‘αြα္ α₯ီးα ီးေαးαာαα αα္αြα္းαဲ့ α ာαα္းαွာαα္း ျαα္αြα္းα‘αားαα္ αုα္αုα္αႈαα္းαိုးαဲ α αိုးαα္αႈႏႈα္းαိုααာαုိα္ႏႈα္းေα‘ာα္αွာαာ ေαာ္ျααားαာαို ေαြαααါαα္။αီα‘α်α္αာ ေαျαα္ေαာ္ α‘αုα္αံု ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာ αါαျαα္ααႈ αα္းαွα္းαာαို ျαααာေαာα္αါαα္။
α‘α်α္α‘αα္ α ာαα္းααား ααွိႏိုα္αိုααိα α₯αွာ αα½ြα္αြα္းα်α္၊ α‘ားαα္းα်α္ေαြ αွိေααာေαΎαာα့္ αိαိေαာα္ေαာα္ α α္းα α ္αာαွာ α‘αα္α‘αဲαွိαα္αိုα IMF α‘α ီαα္αံα ာαွာ ေαာ္ျααားαါαα္။ α ာαα္းααား α‘α်ိα္αီွ αααွိႏိုα္ααို α‘α ိုးααα္ααွα္းα်α္αဲα ααီးαုαၢα αα္ααွα္းα်α္ α‘αြα္αြာျαားေααာαို ေαြαααါαα္။ αα်ဳိးαားαံုးαုိα္αာ α ာαα္းα‘α္းαို ေႏွာα့္ေႏွးαΎαα္ααΎαာ αႏွα ္ααါαာ αႏိုα္αါαα္။
αုαၢααααဲα αα္αα္αဲ့ α ာαα္းααား α‘ျαα့္α‘α ံုααွိေαးαါαူး။ ျαα္αြα္းα‘αားαα္ αုα္αုα္αႈ GDP αို αα္ααွα္းαာαွာ ααားαα္αွα္αံုααα္αဲ့ αုα္αα္း informal sectors αို αα့္ααြα္αဲ့α‘αြα္ α ီαံαိα္းαာααဲ α ေα့αာα်α္ေαြαာ αျαα္α ံုαါαူး။ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ααα αΏαီး αုα္αα္ααီးα်ားα‘αα္းα αုα္αဲ့ αုαၢααα α α ္αα္းαို αα့္αြα္αိုα α ီα α₯္αားαါαα္။
ααာေαးαိုα္αာ α‘α်α္α‘αα္αို αα α₯္ αိုαααုα္ αံုးααααိα္ α ုေαာα္းႏိုα္αႈααွိαဲ ႏွα ္αုα္ေαာ့αွ αႏွα ္αာ α ုေαာα္းαာαိုα ေႏွာα့္ေႏွးαΎαα္ααΎαာαႈ αွိαါαα္။ αီα ာαα္းααားေαြαွာ ႏိုα္αံαိုα္ αုα္αα္းေαြα α ုေαာα္းαားαဲ့ α‘α်α္α‘αα္ေαြαာ αါαα္αါαα္။ ααာေαးαဲα ေαြေαΎαးα ာαα္းαာ αိုα္αα္αာ ααုα္αါαူး။ ααံုးαα္ααွα္းေျα αα္α်α္α ာαα္းαွာ αα္ααွα္းαားαာαဲα ααα္αံုးα ြဲαာ α‘ααီးα‘α်α္ αြာျαားေααα္αိုα IMF α‘α ီαα္αံα ာαွာ ေαာ္ျααါαα္။
αααα αွာ IMF α ျααာα္းαားαဲ့ ေαြေαΎαးαဲα ααာေαးαုိα္αာ α ာαα္းααား α ုေαာα္းေαး αα္းαႊα္းαα္α ြဲα‘αိုα္း ေαြေαΎαးαိုα္αာ α ာαα္းααားေαြαို αီႏွα ္ αα္ααါαီααα αΏαီး αွα္αα္းαုα္αိုα α ီα α₯္αားαါαα္။
α ာαα္းααား ααွα္αဲ့α‘αြα္ ျαα္αာ့α ီးαြားေαး αိုးαα္αႈႏႈα္းαို αα္ααွα္းααာ α‘αြα္αα္αဲαα္αိုα ααာαွα္ေαြ ေျαာေααΎααာαΎαာαါαΏαီ။ ေα့αာαႈα‘αြα္ αိုα‘α္αဲ့ α ာαα္းααား α‘αြα္α‘αα္ααံုαေαာα္ျαα ္ေααα္αိုα IMF α‘αြဲαα αိုαါαα္။ α ာαα္းααားαို αွα္αွα္αα္αα္ α ံုα α္းႏိုα္αဲ့ α ြα္းα‘α္αွိαာေα‘ာα္ ααိဳးαα္းααα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။ α်αα္α‘ေαΎαြးျαႆαာαို αိုα္αြα္ααို αျαားေαΎαြးαΏαီးေαြαိုαα္း αိုα္αြα္αα့္αα္αိုα αုိαါαα္။ α‘αြα္αိုးေαာα္αာαိုαα္း IMF α α‘ααံေαးαဲ့ေαΎαာα္း ျαα္αြα္းα‘αြα္ α₯ီးα ီးαာαα ာαα္းαွာ ေαာ္ျααားαါαα္။
αါေαΎαာα့္αα်ဳိαααα္းαααααုႏွα ္αွာαူαုαႏα΅ျααႈ ျαα ္ααဲ့α‘αိ၊ ေαာα္α ာαီ ေα ်းႏႈα္းαိုးျαွα့္αႈαဲα ေαာα္ α ာαီျαα္αေααႈ αုαၢα αα္αိုαႊဲေျαာα္းαာαွာ IMF αဲ α α‘ααံေαးα်α္ေαြαါαα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။ αုαၢααုα္αα္းαα αိုးαα္αြံααΏαိဳးေα‘ာα္ ျαဳျαα္ေαးαုα္αိုααα္းα‘ααံေαးαားαါαα္။ ျαα္αာ့α ီးαြားေαးαာ ေαာα္α ာα ြα္းα‘α္αဲα α ိုα္α်ဳိးေαးαို αီွαုိေαααာαိုα α ိုα္α်ဳိးαα္αာαုα္αုα္αႈαဲα αုα္αα α₯α္းαုα္αုα္αႈ α‘ားေαာα္းေα‘ာα္ αုα္ααα္αိုα IMF αဲ α ေαးαα‘α ီαα္αံα ာαွာ ေαာ္ျααားαါαα္။
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαာ ααα α αုႏွα ္αွာ IMF α‘αြဲααα္ ျαα ္αာαါαα္။ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα္ααါαီαα IMF α‘αာαα္း (α) α₯ီးαဲα ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးα α‘αာαα္းေαြ ေαျαα္ေαာ္αွာ (α) αα္αΎαာ ေαြးေႏြးαΏαီး αα္ααွာ ေαးαားαΏαီးα ီးαဲ့ α‘α ီαα္αံα ာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ GDP ျαα္αြα္းαုα္αုα္αႈ α‘αားαα္αုα္αုα္αႈαာ αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ ααာေαးႏွα ္αွာ α .α αာαိုα္ႏႈα္း αိုးαာαΏαီး αααα-αα ααာေαးႏွα ္αွာ α αာαိုα္ႏႈα္း αိုးαာαα္αိုα IMF α αα္ααွα္းαါαα္။
ααာα‘α ိုးααα္αα္αွာ GDP ျαα္αြα္းα‘αားαα္ αုα္αုα္αႈαα္းαိုးαို αα αာαုိα္ႏႈα္းေα်ာ္ αိုးေαΎαာα္း α‘αΏαဲαα္းေαΎααာαါαα္။ α‘αုေαာ့ αိုးαα္αႈႏႈα္း α αာαိုα္ႏႈα္းαွာαာαွိေαΎαာα္း IMF α‘αြဲαα αြα္ျααာαို ααာα‘α ိုးα α‘αာαα္းေαြαα္α αα္αံαα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ႏွα ္ αΎααုα္α ေαျαα္ေαာ္αွာα်α္းααဲ့αဲ့α ီးαြားေαးျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးα‘αုα္αံု ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာ ျαα္αြα္းα‘αြα္ α₯ီးα ီးေαးαာαα αα္αြα္းαဲ့ α ာαα္းαွာαα္း ျαα္αြα္းα‘αားαα္ αုα္αုα္αႈαα္းαိုးαဲ α αိုးαα္αႈႏႈα္းαိုααာαုိα္ႏႈα္းေα‘ာα္αွာαာ ေαာ္ျααားαာαို ေαြαααါαα္။αီα‘α်α္αာ ေαျαα္ေαာ္ α‘αုα္αံု ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာ αါαျαα္ααႈ αα္းαွα္းαာαို ျαααာေαာα္αါαα္။
α‘α်α္α‘αα္ α ာαα္းααား ααွိႏိုα္αိုααိα α₯αွာ αα½ြα္αြα္းα်α္၊ α‘ားαα္းα်α္ေαြ αွိေααာေαΎαာα့္ αိαိေαာα္ေαာα္ α α္းα α ္αာαွာ α‘αα္α‘αဲαွိαα္αိုα IMF α‘α ီαα္αံα ာαွာ ေαာ္ျααားαါαα္။ α ာαα္းααား α‘α်ိα္αီွ αααွိႏိုα္ααို α‘α ိုးααα္ααွα္းα်α္αဲα ααီးαုαၢα αα္ααွα္းα်α္ α‘αြα္αြာျαားေααာαို ေαြαααါαα္။ αα်ဳိးαားαံုးαုိα္αာ α ာαα္းα‘α္းαို ေႏွာα့္ေႏွးαΎαα္ααΎαာ αႏွα ္ααါαာ αႏိုα္αါαα္။
αုαၢααααဲα αα္αα္αဲ့ α ာαα္းααား α‘ျαα့္α‘α ံုααွိေαးαါαူး။ ျαα္αြα္းα‘αားαα္ αုα္αုα္αႈ GDP αို αα္ααွα္းαာαွာ ααားαα္αွα္αံုααα္αဲ့ αုα္αα္း informal sectors αို αα့္ααြα္αဲ့α‘αြα္ α ီαံαိα္းαာααဲ α ေα့αာα်α္ေαြαာ αျαα္α ံုαါαူး။ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ααα αΏαီး αုα္αα္ααီးα်ားα‘αα္းα αုα္αဲ့ αုαၢααα α α ္αα္းαို αα့္αြα္αိုα α ီα α₯္αားαါαα္။
ααာေαးαိုα္αာ α‘α်α္α‘αα္αို αα α₯္ αိုαααုα္ αံုးααααိα္ α ုေαာα္းႏိုα္αႈααွိαဲ ႏွα ္αုα္ေαာ့αွ αႏွα ္αာ α ုေαာα္းαာαိုα ေႏွာα့္ေႏွးαΎαα္ααΎαာαႈ αွိαါαα္။ αီα ာαα္းααားေαြαွာ ႏိုα္αံαိုα္ αုα္αα္းေαြα α ုေαာα္းαားαဲ့ α‘α်α္α‘αα္ေαြαာ αါαα္αါαα္။ ααာေαးαဲα ေαြေαΎαးα ာαα္းαာ αိုα္αα္αာ ααုα္αါαူး။ ααံုးαα္ααွα္းေျα αα္α်α္α ာαα္းαွာ αα္ααွα္းαားαာαဲα ααα္αံုးα ြဲαာ α‘ααီးα‘α်α္ αြာျαားေααα္αိုα IMF α‘α ီαα္αံα ာαွာ ေαာ္ျααါαα္။
αααα αွာ IMF α ျααာα္းαားαဲ့ ေαြေαΎαးαဲα ααာေαးαုိα္αာ α ာαα္းααား α ုေαာα္းေαး αα္းαႊα္းαα္α ြဲα‘αိုα္း ေαြေαΎαးαိုα္αာ α ာαα္းααားေαြαို αီႏွα ္ αα္ααါαီααα αΏαီး αွα္αα္းαုα္αိုα α ီα α₯္αားαါαα္။
α ာαα္းααား ααွα္αဲ့α‘αြα္ ျαα္αာ့α ီးαြားေαး αိုးαα္αႈႏႈα္းαို αα္ααွα္းααာ α‘αြα္αα္αဲαα္αိုα ααာαွα္ေαြ ေျαာေααΎααာαΎαာαါαΏαီ။ ေα့αာαႈα‘αြα္ αိုα‘α္αဲ့ α ာαα္းααား α‘αြα္α‘αα္ααံုαေαာα္ျαα ္ေααα္αိုα IMF α‘αြဲαα αိုαါαα္။ α ာαα္းααားαို αွα္αွα္αα္αα္ α ံုα α္းႏိုα္αဲ့ α ြα္းα‘α္αွိαာေα‘ာα္ ααိဳးαα္းααα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။ α်αα္α‘ေαΎαြးျαႆαာαို αိုα္αြα္ααို αျαားေαΎαြးαΏαီးေαြαိုαα္း αိုα္αြα္αα့္αα္αိုα αုိαါαα္။ α‘αြα္αိုးေαာα္αာαိုαα္း IMF α α‘ααံေαးαဲ့ေαΎαာα္း ျαα္αြα္းα‘αြα္ α₯ီးα ီးαာαα ာαα္းαွာ ေαာ္ျααားαါαα္။
αါေαΎαာα့္αα်ဳိαααα္းαααααုႏွα ္αွာαူαုαႏα΅ျααႈ ျαα ္ααဲ့α‘αိ၊ ေαာα္α ာαီ ေα ်းႏႈα္းαိုးျαွα့္αႈαဲα ေαာα္ α ာαီျαα္αေααႈ αုαၢα αα္αိုαႊဲေျαာα္းαာαွာ IMF αဲ α α‘ααံေαးα်α္ေαြαါαα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။ αုαၢααုα္αα္းαα αိုးαα္αြံααΏαိဳးေα‘ာα္ ျαဳျαα္ေαးαုα္αိုααα္းα‘ααံေαးαားαါαα္။ ျαα္αာ့α ီးαြားေαးαာ ေαာα္α ာα ြα္းα‘α္αဲα α ိုα္α်ဳိးေαးαို αီွαုိေαααာαိုα α ိုα္α်ဳိးαα္αာαုα္αုα္αႈαဲα αုα္αα α₯α္းαုα္αုα္αႈ α‘ားေαာα္းေα‘ာα္ αုα္ααα္αိုα IMF αဲ α ေαးαα‘α ီαα္αံα ာαွာ ေαာ္ျααားαါαα္။
VOA
Arakan Rohingya Union (ARU) αွ Director General ႏွα့္ Burmese Rohingya Association of North America (BRANA) αွ α₯αၠα αါေαာαα‘Dr. Wakar Uddin ႏွα့္ (BRANA) Information Secretary α¦းေααα္းα¦းαုိααα္ α‘ေααိαα္ State Department αွ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαုိα္αာေαααα
ီαါαု
α‘αုိαါေαြααုံေαြးေႏြးαြဲαα္ ARU ႏွα့္ BRANA αုိα၏ α‘ေααိαα္ State Department ႏွα့္αူးαြဲ၍ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαွαုိαα္α်ာαူα်ဳိ
α‘α α္းα‘ေαးေαြးေႏြးαြဲα‘ေαးα ိα္
ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္း၌ αုိးα α္းေαာαုံαΎαα္αႈαα္ေαာα္၍ ေα ့α α္αွိႏႈိα္းေျααွα္းαα္ျαα ္
α‘αုိαါေαြααုံေαြးေႏြးαြဲαα္ ARU ႏွα့္ BRANA αုိα၏ α‘ေααိαα္ State Department ႏွα့္αူးαြဲ၍ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαွαုိαα္α်ာαူα်ဳိ
α‘α α္းα‘ေαးေαြးေႏြးαြဲα‘ေαးα ိα္
ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္း၌ αုိးα α္းေαာαုံαΎαα္αႈαα္ေαာα္၍ ေα ့α α္αွိႏႈိα္းေျααွα္းαα္ျαα ္
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αါေαာαα‘Dr. Wakar Uddin ႏွα့္α‘ေααိαα္ State Department αွ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαုိα္αာေαααα
ီ αါαု |
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| α‘ေααိαα္ State Department αွ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαုိα္αာေαααα
ီ αါαု Source : BRANA |
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα ႏိုα္αံေαး ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြα‘ေαα ααာα»αα‘α္α‘ားααီးႏိုα္αံေαြα αα္ႏိုα္ααွ် αိုα္းαα္းαံ့αိုး αူαီαြားαΎααွာျαα
္ေαΎαာα္း α‘ေααိαα္αααΌα α‘ိုαားαားα α
ေαေααα ေျαာαိုα္αါαα္။
G8 ေααα‘α္α‘ားααီး(α) ႏိုα္αံ ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာαααΌαα‘ိုαားαားα ေျαာαိုαိုα္αာαါ။ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈ αုα္αα္းα α₯္ေαြαာ ေαွααို αα္αြားေααိα့္αα္αိုα αိαိαိုα ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αားေαΎαာα္း၊ α‘ဲαီ αုα္αα္းα α₯္αိုαα္း αိαိαိုαα αα္ႏိုα္ααွ် α‘ားေαးαူαီαြားαွာ ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္းαα္း ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αါαα္။
α‘α္α‘ားααီး(α) ႏိုα္αံ ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြααα္းαααΌαα₯ီးαိα္းα ိα္αဲααီαိုαေαα ီေαါα္းေαာα္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္း α ုαΎαα္αိုααဲα ျαα္αာျαα္αီαိုαေαα ီ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးα‘ားαုα္α်α္ေαြαို ေျαာα αွα္ ျαဳေαာα္αဲ့ α ြα္းေαာα္α်α္ေαြα‘ျαα ္ α်ီးα်ဴး ေαာααာျαဳαိုα္αΎααါαα္။
ျαα္αာျαα္ α‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲေαြ ေααွα္αα္αံ့αိုα္ျαဲေααိုα αိုα‘α္αα္αိုαာ αိαိαိုα α‘αိα‘αွα္ျαဳေαΎαာα္း၊ αα္αွိ α‘ားαုα္αႈေαြ α‘αူးαျαα့္ αိုα္းαα္αားေααေαြαွာ ျαိα္းα်α္းαႈαွိေαး၊ α‘α်ိဳးαားျαα္αα္ αα့္ျαα္ေαး၊ αီαိုαေαα ီ α‘ေျαα် α‘ျαα ္αြα္ေαး ေαာα္αြα္αႈေαြα‘ေαα αိαိαိုα α‘ားေαးαူαီαြားαိုα ααိျαဳေαΎαာα္း αူးαြဲေαΎααာα်α္ αုα္ျαα္αဲ့αΎααါαα္။
G8 ေααα‘α္α‘ားααီး(α) ႏိုα္αံ ေαြးေႏြးαြဲαွာαααΌαα‘ိုαားαားα ေျαာαိုαိုα္αာαါ။ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈ αုα္αα္းα α₯္ေαြαာ ေαွααို αα္αြားေααိα့္αα္αိုα αိαိαိုα ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αားေαΎαာα္း၊ α‘ဲαီ αုα္αα္းα α₯္αိုαα္း αိαိαိုαα αα္ႏိုα္ααွ် α‘ားေαးαူαီαြားαွာ ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္းαα္း ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αါαα္။
α‘α္α‘ားααီး(α) ႏိုα္αံ ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြααα္းαααΌαα₯ီးαိα္းα ိα္αဲααီαိုαေαα ီေαါα္းေαာα္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္း α ုαΎαα္αိုααဲα ျαα္αာျαα္αီαိုαေαα ီ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαးα‘ားαုα္α်α္ေαြαို ေျαာα αွα္ ျαဳေαာα္αဲ့ α ြα္းေαာα္α်α္ေαြα‘ျαα ္ α်ီးα်ဴး ေαာααာျαဳαိုα္αΎααါαα္။
ျαα္αာျαα္ α‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲေαြ ေααွα္αα္αံ့αိုα္ျαဲေααိုα αိုα‘α္αα္αိုαာ αိαိαိုα α‘αိα‘αွα္ျαဳေαΎαာα္း၊ αα္αွိ α‘ားαုα္αႈေαြ α‘αူးαျαα့္ αိုα္းαα္αားေααေαြαွာ ျαိα္းα်α္းαႈαွိေαး၊ α‘α်ိဳးαားျαα္αα္ αα့္ျαα္ေαး၊ αီαိုαေαα ီ α‘ေျαα် α‘ျαα ္αြα္ေαး ေαာα္αြα္αႈေαြα‘ေαα αိαိαိုα α‘ားေαးαူαီαြားαိုα ααိျαဳေαΎαာα္း αူးαြဲေαΎααာα်α္ αုα္ျαα္αဲ့αΎααါαα္။
RFA
αာα္αံု ASSOCIATED PRESS
SSA ေαာα္αိုα္းαဲα α₯αၠα αုαိုα္α်ဳα္ααီး αြα္αα ္ (αာ) ျαα္ေαာα္α ု αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαး αုα္αα္းေαာ္ααီαဲα α်ိဳα္းαံုαΏαိဳααြα္ ေαြααံု ေαြးေႏြးေαα α₯္။ (ေαα αα၊ αααα)
αွα္းျαα္αα္αေαာ္ SSA ေαာα္αိုα္းαဲα ျαα္ေαာα္α ု αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးေαာ္ေαာα္ေαး αုα္αα္းေαာ္ααီαိုα α်ိဳα္းαံုαΏαိဳααွာ αီαေαα ေαြးေႏြးαာαွာ αူးαα ္ေαးαါး αုိα္α်α္ေαးαဲα αα္αα္αိုα္ αုိα္αိုα္αႈေαြ αံုးα α‘αံုးαα္ေαး α‘αါα‘αα္ α‘α်α္ αα α်α္ αေαာαူαီαဲ့αါαα္။ αီေαြးေႏြးαဲြαိုေαာ့ SSA ေαာα္αိုα္းαဲα α₯αၠα αုαိုα္α်ဳα္ααီး αြα္αα ္αဲα ျαα္ေαာα္α ု αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαး αုα္αα္း ေαာ္ααီ αုα₯αၠα αုαိααာαြα္ေαးα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ααီးα ိုးαα္းαိုα α₯ီးေαာα္αα္ေαာα္ ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αΎααာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ αီαို ျαα္αာ αိုα္α ားαွα္αα္ αုαိααာαြα္ေαး α₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္αိုα္αုိα္ αα္ေαာα္ αာαာေαΎαာα့္ αေျααα္ေαးαဲ့ α α ္αα္αုိα္αာαိα α₯ေαြαွာ α‘ေαးα‘αα္ α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ ေαာ္ႏိုα္αိα့္αα္αုိα ေαြးေႏြးαဲြαို αိုα္αုိα္αα္ေαာα္ေααဲ့ αွα္းαံေαာ္αα့္ ααα္းαာα α‘α္αီαာα αံုးαα္αါαα္။ αီααα္းα‘ျαα့္α ံုαို αုိα္းα‘ေျαα ိုα္ ααα္းေαာα္ αိုαိုးေαာ္α αα္ျααားαါαα္။
αွα္းျαα္αα္αေαာ္ - ေαာα္αိုα္းαိုα αူαိα်ားαဲ့ αွα္းျαα္ျαα္αα္αူေαာα္ေαး ေαာα္α ီ RCSS/SSA αဲα ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααဲα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαးαုα္αα္း ေαာ္ααီαိုααာ αီαေαα ααα္ α αာαီ α αα္ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αΏαီး αေα α αာαီေαာα္αွာေαာ့ αေαာαူαီα်α္ ααα်α္ ααိွαဲ့αာျαα ္αါαα္။
αီαေαα ေαြးေႏြးαဲြα‘ေျαα‘ေααို RCSS αဲα α‘αုိα္αα္αံ αα₯ီးျαα ္αဲ့ αွα္းαံေαာ္αα့္ ααα္းα‘α္αီαာ α₯ီးαြα္αိုα္းα α‘αုαုိ ေျαာαါαα္။
“αီေαα ေαြးေႏြးαဲြ α‘ေျαα‘ေααေαာ့ RCSS/SSA αα္αေααΏαီးေαာ့αွ ေαြးေႏြးα်α္ေαြ αα α်α္ αိွαါαα္။ α‘αိααေαာ့ αီ αူးαα ္ေαးαါးαဲααα္αα္αΏαီးေαာ့αွ αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αိုα။ αံαα္ (α) α‘ေααဲαα။ αံαα္ (α) αေαာ့ α‘αα့္ α‘αα္α αီα‘αα ္α‘αα္αα္α ဲေαး α ာα်ဳα္ေαြ α်ဳα္αဲ့αΏαီးေαာ့αွ αα္αα္ αုိα္αုိα္αႈေαြ ျαα ္αြားေααႈαို αα္αို ေျααွα္းααဲαုိαဲ့ αိα α₯ေαြေαါ့ေαာ္။ α‘ဲαီαိα α₯ေαြαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီးေαာ့αွ ေαာေαာαα္ αေαာαူαီα်α္ ααΏαီးေαာ့αွ ααΎαာαα္αိαα ္αိုα္းα‘αြα္းαွာ αူαိုα αα္αွα္αိုးαα္αိုα α်ေαာ္ αα္αα္ေαါ့ေαာ္။”
αါαေαာ့ α₯ီးαြα္αုိα္းα αေα α αာαီေαာα္α ေျαာαုိαားαာျαα ္αါαα္။ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး α‘α်ိဳးေαာ္ေαာα္αα₯ီးαေαာ့ α αာαီαြဲေαာα္αွာ αα္αွα္ေαးαိုး ျαα ္αα္αိုα ေျαာαါαα္။
RCSS αဲα ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြ α‘αα္ေαြးေႏြးα α₯္α α‘α ိုးαα‘αဲြααα္ αα္αΎαီးေαြαဲα α‘αိα ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αာျαα ္αါαα္။ αီαုိ ေαြးေႏြးαΏαီး α‘αα ္α‘αα္αα္α ဲαိုα αေαာαူαΏαီးαဲ့ေαာα္αွာ α‘αα္းαံုး αုိα္αဲြ αα ααိα္ေαာα္ ျαα ္αြားαဲ့αါαα္။
αီαေαါα္αွာေαာ့ αုαိααာαြα္ေαးα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္αΎαီးα ိုးαα္း α₯ီးေαာα္ αα္ေαာα္αာαဲ့α‘αြα္ αα္αုိα္းαိုα္αာαိα α₯ေαြ ေαာα္αြα္αာαွာ αိုαΏαီး α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ ေαာ္ေαာα္ႏိုα္αα္αိုα αံုαΎαα္ေαΎαာα္း α₯ီးαြα္αိုα္းα ေျαာαါαα္။
“αူးျαားα်α္α αာαဲ αုိေαာ့ αု αာαြα္ေαးα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္။ ေαာα္αΏαီးေαာ့αွ αာαြα္ေαးα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ αΎαα္း α‘ေααဲα αာαΏαီးေαာ့αွ αα္ေαာα္αα္။ αုိα္းαွဴးေαြ αုိα္αိုα္αα္ေαာα္αα္။ α‘ဲေαာ့ ေαြးေႏြးαြဲ αီေααα αိုαΏαီးေαာ့αွ αိေαာα္αα္။ αီေαြးေႏြးαဲြαွာ αံုးျαα္α်α္ααာေαြ α‘ားαံုးα α‘αα္αေα ေα‘ာα္ေျαα‘αိ α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ ေαာ္αြားႏိုα္αိα့္αα္αိုα αံုαΎαα္αΎααာေαါ့α်ာ။”
αီαေαα ေαြးေႏြးαဲြαွာ αီးααား αα္αΎαီး α₯ီးေα‘ာα္αα္း၊ α‘αွα္ (α) αွ်α္α α ္αα္αΎαီး α₯ီးαα္ေαာα္α ိုး၊ α ြα္းα‘α္αα္αΎαီး α₯ီးαα္းေαးαုိααဲαα‘αူ αွα္းျαα္αα္α α α ္αုိα္းαွဴး α ေαာα္αα္း αါαα္αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
ေαြးေႏြးαဲြα‘ေαααွာေαာ့ α₯ီးαြα္αုိα္းα α‘αုαုိ αံုးαα္αါαα္။
“αီαေαα αα္းαα္းႏွီးႏွီးαဲα αြα့္αြα့္αα္းαα္း ေαြးေႏြးαာαို α်ေαာ္αုိα ျαα္ααα္။ ေαာα္ α ိα္αွα္αα္αွα္αဲα ေαြးေႏြးαာ αီα₯α α₯ာ α‘α္ααα္αွ αိαိα္ααα‘αာ ေαာα္းαα္αုိα α်ေαာ္αα္း ျαα္αါαα္။ αα္α‘αဲြααဲααဲျαα ္ျαα ္ αီαုိα္းαဲ ေαြးေႏြးαြားαα္αုိαα္ ေαာα္αိုα္းαုိαα္ α်ေαာ္αုိα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαΎαီး αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးααိွαုိααာ α‘ေαာα္α‘αူ ျαα ္αိα့္αα္αိုα αံုαΎαα္ႏိုα္ေαာα္αα္ ေαါ့α်ာ။”
RCSS αဲα αီαို ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့ေαααွာαဲ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးαα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး ေαာ္ေαာα္ေαး αုα္αα္းေαာ္ααီα α‘ေαာα္α‘αα္ေαာ္ ေαာα္αြα္ααα့္ αုα္αα္းαာαα္ေαြαို αီαေαα ααားαα္ αုα္ျαα္αိုα္αါαα္။
αီαုα္αα္းαာαα္ေαြαွာေαာ့ αααα αုႏွα ္α α‘αα ္αα္ αα္αα္αိုα္α‘αဲြαေαြαို α α ္α‘α ိုးαα ေαာα္းαုိαဲ့αဲ့ αါαီαဲြαα α္းαΏαီး ေαြးေαာα္αဲြαα္αိုααဲα ααုαα္းေαာ αα္αα္αိုα္α‘αဲြαα‘ျαα ္ α‘αြα္ေျαာα္းαုိα αိုαဲ့α‘α်α္ေαြ αါαα္ေααါαα္။ αီေαာα္းαုိα်α္ေαြေαΎαာα့္ α‘αα္ α‘αα ္αα္αားαဲ့ α၊ αုိα္းαား၊ αα်α္ αဲα αြα္ αα္αα္αိုα္αα္αဲြαေαြαဲα α α ္α‘α ိုးααΎαားαွာ αα္းαာαႈေαြ ျαα ္αဲ့αါαα္။ RCSS αေαာ့ αီα‘α်α္ေαြαို αα္αေαာαေαြးေႏြးαုိα α‘αα္ေαြးေႏြးαြဲေαြαွာααα္းα αα္ျααားαα္αိုα α₯ီးαြα္αုိα္းα ေျαာαါαα္။
αွα္းျαα္αα္αေαာ္ ေαာα္αိုα္းေαα RCSS/SSA α‘αဲြααာ αααααုႏွα ္α αိα္းαုαα္αြα္αာ αα္αα္α်αုα္းα αီးျαားαဲြαြα္αΏαီး α‘α ိုးααို αα္αα္ ေαာ္αွα္ေααဲ့α‘αဲြα ျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘αα္α α ္α‘α ိုးααα္αα္α α‘αα ္α‘αα္ αα္α ဲαိုα αေαာαူαီα်α္ αααဲ့αဲ αααΌαα₯ီးαိα္းα ိα္ ေαါα္းေαာα္αဲ့ α‘α ိုးαα ္ αα္αα္αွာαွ α‘αα ္α‘αα္αα္αဲ့αာαα္း ျαα ္αါαα္။
α‘αု ေαာα္αံုးααဲ့ααα္းα‘αေαာ့ αေαာαူαီα်α္ေαြαို α αာαီαြဲေαာα္α αα္αွα္ ေαးαုိးαဲ့αΎααါαα္။ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααα္α αုαိα αာαြα္ေαးα₯ီးα ီးα်ဳα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ααီး α ိုးαα္း၊ αα္ααီးαα်ိဳααဲα αိုα္းαွဴးေαြ αါαα္ αα္αွα္ေαးαိုးαဲ့αΎαααို SSA αα္αေαာ့ αုαိုα္α်ဳα္ααီး αြα္αα ္ α₯ီးေαာα္αဲ့ ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြ αါαα္αΏαီး αα္αွα္ေαးαိုးαဲ့αΎααာ ျαα ္αါαα္။
VOA
αိုα္αံေαာ္ αααΌαျαီး α်α္းαာေαး ျαα္αα္ေαာα္းαြα္ေαျαီ ျαα
္ေျαာα္း ျαα္ေαာα္α
ုαα္ျαီး α¦းေα‘ာα္αα္းα ေျαာျαားαိုα္αα္။ျαα္ေαာα္α ု ျαိα္းα်α္းေαး αုα္αα္းေαာ္ααီα‘αဲြ့ αွα့္ αွα္းျαα္ျαα္αα္αα္ေαာα္ေαး ေαာ္ααီ RCSS/SSA α‘αဲြ့αို့ αုα္ျαုαα ာ α ားαဲြα‘ျαီးαြα္ααုαိုေျαာျαားαိုα္ျαα္း ျαα ္αα္။ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαα္ျαီး α¦းေα‘ာα္αα္းα “αိုα္αံေαာ္ αααΌαျαီး α‘αူαွα္αြားαာαါ ၊ α‘αုαိ်α္αွာ αာαီα₯αုα α‘αα္းαူေαာ့ α‘αူαွα္αြားαာαါ α‘αုေαာ့ ျαα္αα္αာαြားαါျαီ” αု ααα္းေαာα္α်ားα αိုα္αံေαာ္αααΌαျαီး၏ α်α္းαာေαး α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαးျαα္း α်α္αို ααုαဲ့αို့ ျαα္αα္ ေျαျαားαဲ့ျαα္းျαα ္αα္။
αါαီαα္ ααၠα αြ်α္αားαိုး
αာαα့္ αြα္α ααα္αိုα္းαွာ ျαိαိαွ် αါαီαα္ αွာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုျαα္ ေျαာျαားαα့္ αိα့္αြα္းαာ α‘α္ααα္ αူးျαားαဲ့ ααိုα္းαα္ αွα္αα္းααု ျαα ္αα္αို့ αါαီαα္ ααၠα αြ်α္αားαိုးα ေျαာαါαα္။
αာ့ေျαာα့္αဲ αိုαα္ α‘αုαို ေျαာျαားαြα့္ αျαα္းαာ α‘α္ααα္ αွားαါးαဲ့ αူးျαားαဲ့ α‘αြα့္α‘ေαး ααα္ ျαα ္ေျαာα္း၊ α‘αα္αဲ့ ေα‘ာα္ αွြα္ေαာ္ α αα္α αံုးαွာ α αား ေျαာαြα့္αျαα္းαာ αူးျαားေျαာα္းαိုαါαα္။ αွြα္ေαာ္ α‘αα္ေαြααα္း ααို ααα္းα ေαးα ား α‘ားα်αႈ αိွေျαာα္း၊ ααα»ာေαααွာ α‘αြα္ αဲαα့္ ααၱိαိွαဲ့ αူαို αုα္ျαုαα္း αူαာေျαာααဲ αိုαာαို αားေαာα္α်α္αူ ေαြαα္း α‘α်ားα‘ျαား αိွေျαာα္း ေျαာαါαα္။
αွြα္ေαာ္αွာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုျαα္ αိα့္αြα္း ေျαာαဲ့ α‘αါαွာ αါαီαα္ α‘αα္ေαြαဲ့ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုျαα္ α‘ေαααွာ αားαဲ့ αေαာαားေαြ αα္αα္ေαααြα္ αာαွာ ျαα ္ααို၊ αိα္ေαα αဲ့αဲ့ α‘α ိုးα α‘ေααဲ့ αα္း αုα္αူα αာ ေαာα္းေျαာα္း ေျαာαါαα္။
αီαα္αိုေαာα္းαာαေαာ့ ျαα္αာ αိုα္αံαားေαြ α‘ေααဲ့αα္း ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုျαα္ αိုα‘αိုα္ααံ α‘αံႈးαေαး αα္αဲ့ αူαဲေαာα္း α ိα္αာα္ αိွαူ ααီး၊ α‘ေαွ်ာ္α‘ျαα္ ျαီးαူ၊ αံုးျαα္α်α္ αိုα္αာαူ၊ αီαေα့ ααα»ာαွာ αူးျαားαဲ့ αိုα္αံေαးααား ααီး α‘ျαα ္ ျαα္αာ αိုα္αံαဲ့ αူ့α‘αြα့္α‘ေαး၊ ααားα₯αေα α ိုးαိုးေαး α αာေαြαို ျαီးαားαဲ့ αိα္αို့αႈေαြαဲ့ α‘αα့္α‘αား ျαားα αေα‘ာα္ αူေαး ေααဲ့ ေαါα္းေαာα္ ααီးαို ααားαဲ့ α‘αြα္ αုα္αူ ေα α်α္αဲ့ αေαာαα္း αါαα္ေျαာα္း αိုαါαα္။
αα္αα္ျαီး ေျαာျαားαာαွာ ျαα္αေαါα္းေαာα္ ေαြαဲα αααΌαေαြ၊ αα္ျαီးαု်α္ ေαြေαာα္ αါαီαα္ α αα္α αံုးαွာ αိα့္αြα္းေျαာျαားαြα့္ αျααဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αြα္α α‘αြα္αα္းαါး αα္αို့ αိုαါαα္။ ျαိαိα္α αိုαα္ α‘α္αိααα္α္ αုαα္αျαီး ျαα ္ေျαာα္း၊ ေαာα္ α‘ေααိαα္ αααΌα α‘ိုαားαား၊ αုα္ααα္းαα္းျαီး αα ေαာα္ေျαာα္ αဲα္းααα ္၊ ျαα္αα ္ αααΌα α်ားα္α ္ αီေαါα္ αဲ့ ေαာα္α‘ာααိα ေαါα္းေαာα္ αα္α္αα္ αဲα္αဲαား αို့ ျαα ္ေျαာα္း ေျαာαါαα္။
αီαို αိα့္αြα္း ေျαာျαားαြα့္ αိုαα္း ααွα ္ αျαိα္ αိုααို αα္αွα္ αားျαα္းαα္း ααိွαဲ့ α‘αြα္ α‘α္ααα္ αွားαါးျαီး αုα္αူα αာ ေαာα္းαဲ့ α‘αြα့္α‘ေαးαို ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုျαα္αို αိα္ေαα αα္းαွα္းαဲ့αာ ျαα ္αα္αို့ ေျαာျαားαြား αဲ့αါαα္။
αီαီα ီ
ome of the many causes ascribed to the financial crisis in the United States are improper regulation, deregulation and inadequate enforcement by regulatory agencies.
More recently, this regulatory tale has been supplemented with a structural economic narrative. A vein of literature and public discourse has shed light on a phenomenon David Simon's second season of The Wire presciently explored years ago - technology and labour offshoring eating into jobs and contributing to the decline of the American middle class. These developments - the untrammeling of the financial sector, technological advances increasing productivity without attendant increases in labour, the shift to a postindustrial, information services economy - are purported to work in tandem to enervate the American republic and precipitate its fall from grace.
Myanmar (also known as Burma) is coming at its regulatory and economic issues from the other end of the burning candle, but they involve similar foundational questions:
How should Myanmar draft its laws and order its enforcing institutions to attract businesses and best promote economic growth without giving market forces so much freedom that they become destructive?
How should Myanmar reconsider its industrial policy so that it creates higher income jobs and improves education opportunities for the Burmese people such that they can attain value-added skills and thus enable them to compete on a global scale?
Of course, Myanmar vastly differs from the United States in many ways. An important one is in its domestic capacity. The US has some of the most talented people in the world. By contrast, Myanmar lacks even the most basic know-how in many industries and quality and innovation have been stifled by its brand of military crony capitalism, which rewards close connections to the military with access to lucrative government contracts.
Reform revives Myanmar's tourism
The task, therefore, is for Myanmar to attract multinational corporations (MNCs), international financial institutions (IFIs), regional allies (eg, ASEAN countries), and other technocratic organisations (eg, universities, the UN) with their know-how, rich talent pools, and deep pocketbooks. These entities can finance commercial and educational projects where their talented representatives pass on the technical skills needed to create prosperous and high-quality institutions to the Burmese people.
Failure in this task will result in a perverse outcome that will bring imperialism to Myanmar once again, this time of the capitalist vintage. Foreign companies will be brought in, but without proper policy and oversight they can be expected to act only in profit-maximising self-interest, using Myanmar as a resource extraction base and an emerging market to bolster their internal growth projections.
Indeed, from a realist perspective one could argue that this is why Myanmar began liberalising in the first place: the government had grown tired of Chinese capitalist imperialism and did not want to become a de facto annex of the People's Republic, and so the generals sought to bring the West into the picture as a counterweight. A 346-page internal military report entitled "A Study of Myanmar-US Relations" circulated in 2004 corroborates this line of thinking.
According to Bertil Linter, an experienced academic on Myanmar who has read the report, its main thesis was that "Myanmar's recent reliance on China as a diplomatic ally and economic patron has created a 'national emergency' which threatens the country's independence." Further, "Myanmar must normalise relations with the West after implementing [a development] roadmap and electing a government so that the regime can deal with the outside world on more acceptable terms."
The technocratic chicken or egg?
Myanmar suffers from the proverbial chicken or the egg problem: the country needs a sound regulatory and economic base to induce, enable and create technocrats to add value to Myanmar's rudimentary and primary industry-focused political and economic system, but Myanmar lacks the technocrats to actually create a friendly environment for technocrats. Since 1988, military leaders have intentionally weakened Burmese education, spreading out university campuses to prevent the agglomeration of students necessary for proper activism and civil disobedience.
The military has also slashed budgets in law, philosophy and social sciences faculties. The educational infrastructure is not in place to create Burmese technocrats to lead Myanmar into the 21st century. As a result of the misguided campus dispersion policy and jobs shortfalls due to the economic stagnation created by state socialism, over the years the best and the brightest of Myanmar have packed up their bags and moved elsewhere. Doctors, engineers, scientists, IT professionals and public health experts have left for the West or other ASEAN countries. Indeed, 200,000 Burmese are purported to live in Singapore, and Thailand has roughly 3 million Burmese workers.
Expat Burmese have expressed a desire to come back and work for the benefit of Myanmar, but they will only come if there are jobs available for them. The government took a good first step by removing taxes on Burmese nationals working abroad last year. It will likely be through the proper structuring of laws where the most short-term incentives can be made.
First, start with the laws
In 2012, it looks like the execution of the ideas in the 2004 report is well underway. However, while the junta has made progress on the quasi-parliamentary edifice of its new political system, it has an enormous amount to do as regards creating a regulatory and economic environment suitable for growth and prosperity. In fact, British risk analysis group Maplecroft recently declared that Myanmar has the "world's worst legal system" for business.
Extensive work is required on drafting sophisticated new laws. As of this writing, Myanmar has a seriously outdated foreign investment law (FDI law), outdated food and drug laws, outdated private enterprise and banking laws, no securities laws, no environmental laws, no mergers and acquisitions (M&A) laws, no derivatives and no commodities exchanges. There are no or very weak environmental, competitive, judicial, legislative, financial, labour, securities, banking and corporate regulatory institutions. So even if there were appropriate laws in place, enforcement and oversight would be all but impossible. Bribery and corruption are reported to be widespread in the country.
The government is at least aware of the foreign investment issue. The government has recently passed a brand new special economic zones law (SEZ law), defining three specific zone types: special economic zones, export processing zones and sub-trading zones. The presence of these zones indicates that the government is serious about developing manufacturing, improving modes of transportation and integrating Myanmar into global supply chains by developing an export processing sector. The SEZ law provides for tax relief for new investors, has onshoring provisions requiring that investors employ local Burmese as a percentage of their workforce and requires training and skills-building of said workers.
Careful and vigilant governance is required
The SEZ law is a good start, appearing to balance the national interest in attracting foreign firms to boost GDP with the domestic concern that the Burmese people will not greatly benefit from the arrival of MNCs by having provisions requiring the employment and training of locals. A new FDI law is reported to be introduced very soon, within the next few weeks. Eleven Media reports that the FDI law plans to "offer the incentive of tax exemption for eight years to the investors".
Additionally, the government will need to draft several more laws, especially business laws - M&A laws, banking laws, securities laws (several people on the ground have commented that a stock exchange is planned to be set up this year), IP laws (to some extent, since Myanmar likely wants to copy China's reverse-engineering regime to tech up quickly), contract laws, land reform, anti-bribery/corruption laws and environmental laws. The chief director of the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development, Aung Naing Oo, told the Myanmar Times in September 2011 that "[i]f the present situation continues, local small- and medium-sized enterprises [SMEs] will find it hard to survive when AFTA begins but joint ventures will help us."
Joint ventures would be a far preferable situation to many SMEs rather than M&A activity or simply being put out of business by MNC entry. Consolidation of traditional trade is likely inevitable with MNC entry and not necessarily a bad thing, but the government may want to draft laws or contracts to promote SME growth - such as providing similar SEZ and FDI law tax breaks for SMEs, subsidising modernisation for SMEs, and subsidising retraining of SME workers - in order to develop robust homegrown businesses.
There are concerns that if a preexisting regulatory structure is not in place beforehand, entering firms could simply expand upon the Chinese precedent, carving up the country without regard to environmental, labour, displacement, human rights or domestic capacity issues.
In such an event, President Thein Sein may have to continue his piecemeal cancellation approach, but that ad hoc method creates market uncertainty, which may scare off investors.
The gaps in these laws will need to be filled, and filled with the often incommensurable qualities of care and speed. If the government's ambitious goal of having US and EU economic sanctions removed soon this year is achieved, then the MNC floodgates will be opened. It would be wise for Myanmar to make sure that it has the proper safeguards in place before the MNCs descend on the country.
Myanmar should ensure that it reaps the benefits from opening up - more jobs for the Burmese people, modernisation of its agricultural, manufacturing and service sectors, immense quality and scale improvements, increased consumer demand and purchasing power, lower prices and better products for consumers - while minimising the negatives. Thein Sein has said that the "future of Myanmar lies in peace and stability, while economic development is a secondary priority for the country".
Let us hope that this vision of Myanmar's future prevails.
Michael Lwin is a lecturer at the Peking University School of Transnational Law. A longer version of the views expressed in this piece, How Aung San Suu Kyi Can Free Burma From Fear, is published in the Columbia Journal of Asian Law.
Wang Yongzhe, Bin Chuan, and Kangzhuang contributed research to this article.
Sources:
YANGON, Myanmar – Officials and businessmen in Myanmar welcomed U.S. plans to ease economic sanctions, saying Friday it will benefit both countries in a market long cut off from most Western investment.
However, human rights activists are wary and some exporters in Myanmar say they may not immediately benefit.
President Barack Obama on Thursday announced he was easing an investment ban and naming the first U.S. ambassador to Myanmar in 22 years to reward it for democratic reforms.
Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi's election to parliament last month prompted Western governments to roll back years of hard-hitting restrictions against the Asian nation also known as Burma, which is emerging from decades of authoritarian rule and diplomatic isolation.
Its former military regime was shunned for its human rights abuses and failure to hand over power to a democratically elected government — a situation that began to change after a 2010 general election.
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said in Washington that the U.S. was suspending sanctions on export of American financial services and investment across all sectors of the Myanmar economy — including in the resource-rich country's lucrative oil, gas and mining sectors. She spoke after meeting with Myanmar Foreign Minister Wunna Maung Lwin.
Other Western nations and the European Union had already taken similar moves, putting pressure on Washington to do likewise so U.S. companies would not lose out to foreign competitors in this latest frontier market.
Despite the easing of restrictions, U.S. companies would still be barred from doing business with firms associated with the country's powerful military. The White House also announced it was keeping the legal framework of hard-hitting sanctions in place for now, saying Myanmar's democratic reforms are still "nascent."
The ban on financial transactions had been a particular hurdle for doing business in Myanmar, since the dollar is the world's main trading currency. Transactions through other currencies raised costs to uncompetitive levels, Nay Zin Latt, an adviser to Thein Sein, said Friday.
"It's very beneficial if U.S. companies come and invest here. We can get technology, new markets and management skills," he said. U.S. companies will also be able to help Myanmar products reach a larger global export market, he said.
For foreign investors, Myanmar has the advantage of a being a low-cost economy, important for such mass market commodities as textiles and footwear.
However, restrictions that still remain on trade that will keep the American export market out of the reach of Myanmar producers, pointed out Myint Soe, a factory owner who is chairman of Myanmar's Garment Manufacturers Association Garment Factory Association.
Along with the provisional nature of the suspension, "Who will dare to come and invest here?" he asked, saying local businessmen won't immediately benefit.
"We haven't achieved our goal of getting made-in-Burma products into the U.S. market," he said.
Human rights groups and exiled Myanmar activists have been strongly critical of easing economic controls. They are particularly concerned about fighting in northern Myanmar between the government and members of the Kachin ethnic minority.
"We urge the U.S. government to be cautious in taking new directions. We urge that the easing of sanctions needs to match up with reality in Burma," said Sunai Phasuk, a researcher in Bangkok for U.S.-based Human Rights Watch, highlighting the "full-scale" armed conflict in Kachin State.
A U.S.-based group, United to End Genocide, said "President Obama's premature action to remove the investment ban on Burma is overly optimistic.
"It ignores the reality of the situation on the ground, including ongoing atrocities," the group's president, Tom Andrews, said in a prepared statement. "This is a dangerous decision that is likely to further exacerbate human rights abuses and has left the U.S. government without any leverage in the future."
The opposition party of Aung San Suu Kyi welcomed the naming of a new ambassador to Myanmar and the easing of U.S. sanctions.
Nyan Win, a spokesman for the National League for Democracy, said that easing sanctions now is timely but pressure on calls for the release of political prisoners and ending ethnic conflict in ethnic regions should continue.
Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/05/18/us-eases-economic-sanctions-to-reward-myanmar/#ixzz1vJDFnKzG
However, human rights activists are wary and some exporters in Myanmar say they may not immediately benefit.
President Barack Obama on Thursday announced he was easing an investment ban and naming the first U.S. ambassador to Myanmar in 22 years to reward it for democratic reforms.
Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi's election to parliament last month prompted Western governments to roll back years of hard-hitting restrictions against the Asian nation also known as Burma, which is emerging from decades of authoritarian rule and diplomatic isolation.
Its former military regime was shunned for its human rights abuses and failure to hand over power to a democratically elected government — a situation that began to change after a 2010 general election.
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said in Washington that the U.S. was suspending sanctions on export of American financial services and investment across all sectors of the Myanmar economy — including in the resource-rich country's lucrative oil, gas and mining sectors. She spoke after meeting with Myanmar Foreign Minister Wunna Maung Lwin.
Other Western nations and the European Union had already taken similar moves, putting pressure on Washington to do likewise so U.S. companies would not lose out to foreign competitors in this latest frontier market.
Despite the easing of restrictions, U.S. companies would still be barred from doing business with firms associated with the country's powerful military. The White House also announced it was keeping the legal framework of hard-hitting sanctions in place for now, saying Myanmar's democratic reforms are still "nascent."
The ban on financial transactions had been a particular hurdle for doing business in Myanmar, since the dollar is the world's main trading currency. Transactions through other currencies raised costs to uncompetitive levels, Nay Zin Latt, an adviser to Thein Sein, said Friday.
"It's very beneficial if U.S. companies come and invest here. We can get technology, new markets and management skills," he said. U.S. companies will also be able to help Myanmar products reach a larger global export market, he said.
For foreign investors, Myanmar has the advantage of a being a low-cost economy, important for such mass market commodities as textiles and footwear.
However, restrictions that still remain on trade that will keep the American export market out of the reach of Myanmar producers, pointed out Myint Soe, a factory owner who is chairman of Myanmar's Garment Manufacturers Association Garment Factory Association.
Along with the provisional nature of the suspension, "Who will dare to come and invest here?" he asked, saying local businessmen won't immediately benefit.
"We haven't achieved our goal of getting made-in-Burma products into the U.S. market," he said.
Human rights groups and exiled Myanmar activists have been strongly critical of easing economic controls. They are particularly concerned about fighting in northern Myanmar between the government and members of the Kachin ethnic minority.
"We urge the U.S. government to be cautious in taking new directions. We urge that the easing of sanctions needs to match up with reality in Burma," said Sunai Phasuk, a researcher in Bangkok for U.S.-based Human Rights Watch, highlighting the "full-scale" armed conflict in Kachin State.
A U.S.-based group, United to End Genocide, said "President Obama's premature action to remove the investment ban on Burma is overly optimistic.
"It ignores the reality of the situation on the ground, including ongoing atrocities," the group's president, Tom Andrews, said in a prepared statement. "This is a dangerous decision that is likely to further exacerbate human rights abuses and has left the U.S. government without any leverage in the future."
The opposition party of Aung San Suu Kyi welcomed the naming of a new ambassador to Myanmar and the easing of U.S. sanctions.
Nyan Win, a spokesman for the National League for Democracy, said that easing sanctions now is timely but pressure on calls for the release of political prisoners and ending ethnic conflict in ethnic regions should continue.
Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/05/18/us-eases-economic-sanctions-to-reward-myanmar/#ixzz1vJDFnKzG
α‘ေααိαα္α‘α
ိုးαα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေαα α‘ေαးαူαိα္αိုααားαာေαြαို αိုα္းαံ့αိုα္αဲ့α‘αြα္ α‘ေααိαα္α‘ααီးαံုး GE αွ်α္α
α
္αုααΈαီα‘ေααဲα αα္းαα္းαα္αြα္ေαးαဲα αα္ေαာα္ေαး αုα္αα္းေαြαွာ ျαα္αာα‘α
ိုးααဲα αူးေαါα္း αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံ αုα္αိုα္αြားαα္αိုα GE αုααΈαီ ေαာα္ေαာα္αံုးαဲြ αု α₯αၠα John Rice α αေααα ေαΎααာαိုα္αါαα္။
Augusta State University General Electric Company ၏ αုαိα α₯αၠα αα
α₯αာ John G.Rice ျαα
္αါαα္။
αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ α§αΏαီαα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαို αူαိုα္αိုα္αြားေαာα္αဲ့αΏαီး αα္αုα္αΏαိဳααွာ αိုα‘α္ေααဲ့ αွ်α္α α ္αီး ααွိေαး α့ံαိုးေαးႏိုα္αိုα ျαα္αာα ြα္းα‘α္αα္ααီးαာααဲα ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αα္αိုααα္း ေျαာαါαα္။
α‘αူးαျαα့္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα α်α္းαာေαးαဲα α ြα္းα‘α္αိုα္αာαုα္αα္းေαြαွာ α‘α်ဳိးα‘ျαα္ေαြ ααာေα‘ာα္ GE αုααΈαီαာ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααဲα αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ေααα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။
αါေααα့္ α‘ေααိαα္α ီးαြားေαး αုααΈαီေαြ αီαα္αα αα္ေαာα္ႏိုα္αိုααိုαα္ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααα္α αွ်ααႈαွိαဲ့ αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈαဲα α‘αုα္ααားαိုα္αာ α₯αေαေαြαို ျααာα္းαိုα αိုα‘α္ေααα္αိုα α‘ေααိαα္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαွာ ေα‘ာα္ျαα္ေααဲ့ Hissho Sushi αုααΈαီαိုα္αွα္ Philip Maung α α‘ာα‘α္α္ေα‘αို ေျαာαါαα္။
" αီαα္αေα sanction ေαွ်ာ့ေαးαာαα္။ αိုαα္αေα αααΌααΎαီးααα္း α ီးαြားေαးααားေαြαို ျαα္αာαိုα္းαာေαာ့ ေαာα္းαါαα္။ αါေααဲ့ αိုαα္αွာ αီαα္αα α‘α်ားαΎαီးαုα္αα‘ုံးαα္ αα္αာαဲေα။ α‘αα္းα‘ႏီွးေαြ၊ αα္းααာေαြ α‘αုα္αံုးαα္αြားျαီαိုαα္ α‘αိααိုေααာα αုိαα္αွာ αြ်α္းα်α္αဲ့ α‘αုα္ααားေαာ့ αိုαα္αα္αာαဲ။ αြ်α္းα်α္αဲ့ α‘αုα္ααားေαြαို αα္αα္းေαးေαြ αြα္ααားေαးႏိုα္αα္ေαာ့ ေαာα္းαα္αα္αါαα္။ ျαီးαα္ α₯αေαေαါ့ေαာ္၊ αာျαီးαα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαဲ့αူေαာ၊ αိုαα္α α‘αုα္ααားေαြα‘αြα္ α‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαာ၊ ႏွα ္αα္αံုးα‘αြα္ α‘ာααံαိွαဲ့ α₯αေα αိွααα္αိုα αα္αာαဲေα၊ αါαွαα္း α‘αုα္αံုးα‘αြα္ α‘αာαြα္ေαးႏိုα္αဲ့၊ α‘αုα္αံုးαα္း α‘αα္ေျααဲ့ α₯αေααိုαα္ေαာ့ αိုေαာα္းαာေαါ့"
α‘ေααိαα္ ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီး ααα္αα္α αΎαာααေαးေαα ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαဲြαွာ α‘ေααိαα္ αုα္αα္းαွα္ေαြα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြ αုα္αိုα္ႏိုα္αΏαီαိုα ေαΎααာαဲ့αါαα္။
α‘αူးαျαα့္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေαα ေαြေαΎαးαα္ေαာα္αႈေαြαဲα αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈ α‘αα ္ေαြαဲα αα္αα္ျαီး αိα္αိုααားαာαို α‘ေααိαα္α‘α ိုးαα αိုα္းαံ့αိုα္αာေαΎαာα့္ α‘ေααိαα္ αုααΈαီေαြ α‘αြα္αာαα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα ေα ်းαြα္α ီးαြားေαးαိုαါ α‘αြα့္α‘αα္းေαြ ααွိαွာျαα ္αα္αိုα GE αုααΈαီα John Rice α ေျαာαါαα္။
α‘αားαူαဲ α α္αႈαဲα ေαာα္αုα္ေαး αုα္αα္းαိုα္αာ α‘ေααိαα္αုααΈαီααီး αα ္αုျαα ္αဲ့ Caterpillar αုααΈαီααα္း ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြαို α αα္αုα္ေαာα္ေαျαီαိုα αိααါαα္။
αΏαီးαဲ့αဲ့ α§αΏαီαα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαို αူαိုα္αိုα္αြားေαာα္αဲ့αΏαီး αα္αုα္αΏαိဳααွာ αိုα‘α္ေααဲ့ αွ်α္α α ္αီး ααွိေαး α့ံαိုးေαးႏိုα္αိုα ျαα္αာα ြα္းα‘α္αα္ααီးαာααဲα ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့αα္αိုααα္း ေျαာαါαα္။
α‘αူးαျαα့္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα α်α္းαာေαးαဲα α ြα္းα‘α္αိုα္αာαုα္αα္းေαြαွာ α‘α်ဳိးα‘ျαα္ေαြ ααာေα‘ာα္ GE αုααΈαီαာ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααဲα αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ေααα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။
αါေααα့္ α‘ေααိαα္α ီးαြားေαး αုααΈαီေαြ αီαα္αα αα္ေαာα္ႏိုα္αိုααိုαα္ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααα္α αွ်ααႈαွိαဲ့ αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈαဲα α‘αုα္ααားαိုα္αာ α₯αေαေαြαို ျααာα္းαိုα αိုα‘α္ေααα္αိုα α‘ေααိαα္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαွာ ေα‘ာα္ျαα္ေααဲ့ Hissho Sushi αုααΈαီαိုα္αွα္ Philip Maung α α‘ာα‘α္α္ေα‘αို ေျαာαါαα္။
" αီαα္αေα sanction ေαွ်ာ့ေαးαာαα္။ αိုαα္αေα αααΌααΎαီးααα္း α ီးαြားေαးααားေαြαို ျαα္αာαိုα္းαာေαာ့ ေαာα္းαါαα္။ αါေααဲ့ αိုαα္αွာ αီαα္αα α‘α်ားαΎαီးαုα္αα‘ုံးαα္ αα္αာαဲေα။ α‘αα္းα‘ႏီွးေαြ၊ αα္းααာေαြ α‘αုα္αံုးαα္αြားျαီαိုαα္ α‘αိααိုေααာα αုိαα္αွာ αြ်α္းα်α္αဲ့ α‘αုα္ααားေαာ့ αိုαα္αα္αာαဲ။ αြ်α္းα်α္αဲ့ α‘αုα္ααားေαြαို αα္αα္းေαးေαြ αြα္ααားေαးႏိုα္αα္ေαာ့ ေαာα္းαα္αα္αါαα္။ ျαီးαα္ α₯αေαေαါ့ေαာ္၊ αာျαီးαα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαဲ့αူေαာ၊ αိုαα္α α‘αုα္ααားေαြα‘αြα္ α‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαာ၊ ႏွα ္αα္αံုးα‘αြα္ α‘ာααံαိွαဲ့ α₯αေα αိွααα္αိုα αα္αာαဲေα၊ αါαွαα္း α‘αုα္αံုးα‘αြα္ α‘αာαြα္ေαးႏိုα္αဲ့၊ α‘αုα္αံုးαα္း α‘αα္ေျααဲ့ α₯αေααိုαα္ေαာ့ αိုေαာα္းαာေαါ့"
α‘ေααိαα္ ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီး ααα္αα္α αΎαာααေαးေαα ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαဲြαွာ α‘ေααိαα္ αုα္αα္းαွα္ေαြα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြ αုα္αိုα္ႏိုα္αΏαီαိုα ေαΎααာαဲ့αါαα္။
α‘αူးαျαα့္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘ေαα ေαြေαΎαးαα္ေαာα္αႈေαြαဲα αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈ α‘αα ္ေαြαဲα αα္αα္ျαီး αိα္αိုααားαာαို α‘ေααိαα္α‘α ိုးαα αိုα္းαံ့αိုα္αာေαΎαာα့္ α‘ေααိαα္ αုααΈαီေαြ α‘αြα္αာαα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα ေα ်းαြα္α ီးαြားေαးαိုαါ α‘αြα့္α‘αα္းေαြ ααွိαွာျαα ္αα္αိုα GE αုααΈαီα John Rice α ေျαာαါαα္။
α‘αားαူαဲ α α္αႈαဲα ေαာα္αုα္ေαး αုα္αα္းαိုα္αာ α‘ေααိαα္αုααΈαီααီး αα ္αုျαα ္αဲ့ Caterpillar αုααΈαီααα္း ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ αα္းႏွီးျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြαို α αα္αုα္ေαာα္ေαျαီαိုα αိααါαα္။
RFA
Posted by Michael S. Rozeff
Yangon (in Myanmar) is 8,610.8 miles from Washington. Myanmar (Burma) has no air force to speak of. Its pilots have never fought a war. The U.S. first expressed its fear and trembling concerning Burma on May 20, 1997 when President Clinton made Executive Order 13047:
"I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, hereby determine and certify that, for purposes of section 570(b) of the Act, the Government of Burma has committed large-scale repression of the democratic opposition in Burma after September 30, 1996, and further determine that the actions and policies of the Government of Burma constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States and declare a national emergency to deal with that threat."
Obama has just renewed this order, as have his predecessors. The American people somehow speak, even though 99.999 percent of Americans could not locate Myanmar on a map (I'm being generous). Obama somehow hears. Obama declares an emergency. Isn't "democracy" wonderful?
α₯ေαာααိုα္αံေαြαွိ α‘ေαာα္αိုα္း αါαီαα္ေαြေα့αာαေα‘ာα္ αα္αα္αΏαို့αိုေαာα္αာαဲ့ αΏαα္αူααြα္ေαာ္ α₯αၠα αူαα₯ီးေαြွαα္းα αီαီα
ီαΏαα္αာαာααို αီးαα့္ေαြααံု ေαးαΏαα္းαြα့္ ေαးαာαွာ α‘ေαာα္αိုα္း αါαီαα္ေαြαဲ့ αΏαα္αာαိုα္αံα αΏαα္αူααြα္ေαာ္αို αွဳိα္းαွα₯္αΏααဲ့ α‘α်α္ေαြαွα္းαΏααြားαါαα္။
αါαီαα္αဲ့α‘αα္းαααာα‘ေαးαΎαီးαဲ့α‘αြα္α‘αုαိုα‘ေαာα္αိုα္းαါαီαα္ေαြ ေα့αာαြα့္ααဲ့α‘αါαွာ αΏαα္αူααြα္ေαာ္αုα္αα္းαွာαိုαိုα‘αα္ေαΏααα့္αα္αα္းα ာေαြ၊ααုαုαေαြααဲ့αို့αΏαα္αာαိုα္αံα‘αြα္α‘ α်ိဳး α်ားα ြာαွိေαΎαာα္း αီαီα ီေαΏαာαΏααါαα္။
αါαီαα္αဲ့α‘αα္းαααာα‘ေαးαΎαီးαဲ့α‘αြα္α‘αုαိုα‘ေαာα္αိုα္းαါαီαα္ေαြ ေα့αာαြα့္ααဲ့α‘αါαွာ αΏαα္αူααြα္ေαာ္αုα္αα္းαွာαိုαိုα‘αα္ေαΏααα့္αα္αα္းα ာေαြ၊ααုαုαေαြααဲ့αို့αΏαα္αာαိုα္αံα‘αြα္α‘ α်ိဳး α်ားα ြာαွိေαΎαာα္း αီαီα ီေαΏαာαΏααါαα္။
αα္αα္းα
ာαိုαဲ့ေααာαွာ α₯ေαာααိုα္αံေαြαဲ့ αါαီαα္ α
αα
္αα္ေαာα္αာαွာαα္း ေαာα္းαြα္ေα‘ာα္၊ αΏαα့္α
ံုေα‘ာα္ αုα္αားαဲ့ αΎαားα αိုα‘α္α်α္ေαြ၊ α‘αα္α‘αဲေαြ αွိေαΎαာα္းαα္αိုα္αာαိုα္αံေαြα αုα္ေααေαΏαာαΎααံုαα္း αူαα₯ီးေαြွαα္းααီαီα
ီαိုေαΏαာαါαα္။
αါေαΎαာα့္αိုα α‘αα္ααူαα်α္ေαြα‘α α‘ေαာα္αိုα္းαါαီαα္ေαြα‘ေαα αα္ααွα္းα်α္αဲ့ αြာαΏαားα်α္αာ αိα္ααြာαဲ αုα္αα္းαိုα္αα္း αြာαာαာ αွိαံုαα္း αွα္းαΏααါαα္။
αါေααα့္ αΏαα္αာαိုα္αံαွာ αုαုαိုα္α ားαΏαဳαဲ ့αါαီαα္αΏαα ္αို့αေαာ့ α‘α်ိα္ေα ာေαးေαΎαာα္း၊ αΏαα္αာ့ αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေαΏααံ α₯αေααို αααα αုαွα ္α α αα္ α‘αα္αြα္းαΏαီး၊ αααα αုαွα ္ααွ αα္ေαြαα်α့္αံုးαဲ့α‘αြα္ α‘α်ိα္αူαα₯ီးαα္၊ ေαြααွိα်α္ေαြα‘ေαα αူαα္αΏαီး αα္αိုα္αာαါαီαα္αဲ့ αΏαα္αူαဲ့α‘αံုးα‘αΏαα္α‘ေαααူαα္ ေαΎαာα္း၊α‘ေαΏααံα₯αေααိုαΏαα္αα္αို့ αΏααာα္းαားαဲ့ α₯αေαေαြαα္းαွိαΏαီးαားαို့ α်ဳိးေαΎαာα္းαီαြα္αα္ αΏαα္αα္αိုα္αဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွိαါαα္αို့αα္း αီαီα ီαို αူαα₯ီးေαွြαα္းαေαΏαာαါαα္။
αါေααα့္ αΏαα္αာαိုα္αံαွာ αုαုαိုα္α ားαΏαဳαဲ ့αါαီαα္αΏαα ္αို့αေαာ့ α‘α်ိα္ေα ာေαးေαΎαာα္း၊ αΏαα္αာ့ αြဲαα α္းαံုα‘ေαΏααံ α₯αေααို αααα αုαွα ္α α αα္ α‘αα္αြα္းαΏαီး၊ αααα αုαွα ္ααွ αα္ေαြαα်α့္αံုးαဲ့α‘αြα္ α‘α်ိα္αူαα₯ီးαα္၊ ေαြααွိα်α္ေαြα‘ေαα αူαα္αΏαီး αα္αိုα္αာαါαီαα္αဲ့ αΏαα္αူαဲ့α‘αံုးα‘αΏαα္α‘ေαααူαα္ ေαΎαာα္း၊α‘ေαΏααံα₯αေααိုαΏαα္αα္αို့ αΏααာα္းαားαဲ့ α₯αေαေαြαα္းαွိαΏαီးαားαို့ α်ဳိးေαΎαာα္းαီαြα္αα္ αΏαα္αα္αိုα္αဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွိαါαα္αို့αα္း αီαီα ီαို αူαα₯ီးေαွြαα္းαေαΏαာαါαα္။
NLDαဲ့αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ေαးα‘αိုα္းαွာαα္းαြα္ေαာ္αဲαွာαါαီα
ြဲ၊αါαα
ြဲ၊ေααα
ြဲ၊αူα်ဴိးα
ြဲ၊αိုးαြα္αဲ့α‘αူαါααို α‘αိαααားαဲ αိူα္αံα‘αိ်ဳးα်ားαဲ့αုα္αα္းေαြ α‘αိααားαΎααα္αို့ αံုαΎαα္ေαΎαာα္းေαΏαာαါαα္။ αα္αေαာ္αားေαြ αါαီαα္αဲ ααါαα္ααα့္ α‘α်ိα္αိုေαΏαာαို့ေαာ့ ေα
ာေαးေαΎαာα္း၊ α
α
္αα္αဲαွာαα္း αီαိုαေαα
ီα‘αΏαα့္α‘ααွိေαΎαာα္းေαြ αီαီα
ီαို αူαα₯ီးေαြွαα္းα ေαΏαာαါαα္။
BBC News.
BBC News.
(Reuters) - Pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi will be given the rare honour of addressing both houses of Britain's parliament when she makes her first trip outside Myanmar in 24 years next month, British officials said on Saturday.
The Nobel peace laureate has accepted Prime Minister David Cameron's invitation to visit Britain and will spend a week there from June 18, officials accompanying Cameron at a summit of the Group of Eight leading economies in the United States told reporters.
Suu Kyi's party, the National League for Democracy, said last month she would visit Norway and Britain in June, but it was the first time the British government had confirmed the trip.
The Nobel peace laureate has accepted Prime Minister David Cameron's invitation to visit Britain and will spend a week there from June 18, officials accompanying Cameron at a summit of the Group of Eight leading economies in the United States told reporters.
Suu Kyi's party, the National League for Democracy, said last month she would visit Norway and Britain in June, but it was the first time the British government had confirmed the trip.
Suu Kyi will give a speech to both houses of parliament during her stay, a rare honour accorded in the past to figures such as former South African President Nelson Mandela and, last year, to U.S. President Barack Obama.
Her journey caps months of dramatic change in Myanmar, including a historic by-election on April 1 that won her a seat in a year-old parliament that replaced nearly five decades of oppressive military rule.
Her trip is expected to include a visit to the British city Oxford, where she attended university in the 1970s.
Suu Kyi, 66, was first detained in 1989, and spent 15 of the next 21 years in detention until her release from house arrest in November 2010. She refused to leave the country during the brief periods when she was not held by authorities, for fear of not being allowed to return.
Cameron invited Suu Kyi to visit Britain when he met her in Yangon in April. Her British husband, Michael Aris, died of cancer in 1999.
Britain is proposing the creation of an international commission to encourage "responsible" trade and investment in Myanmar, also known as Burma, now that sanctions on the country are being lifted, British officials said.
The plan is designed to help make sure trade benefits all Myanmar's people, rather than a "select few", a British official said.
The United States, the European Union, Japan, Canada and Australia have all moved in recent weeks to ease or suspend sanctions on Myanmar, as the once pariah nation embarks on democratic reforms and seeks engagement with the world.
British officials said Cameron would outline proposals at the G8 for a Commission for Responsible Investment in Burma that could bring together representatives from the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, international companies and human rights campaigners.
The panel would establish principles that businesses would be encouraged to sign up to when trading with or investing in Myanmar, the officials said.
(Reporting by Adrian Croft)
Her journey caps months of dramatic change in Myanmar, including a historic by-election on April 1 that won her a seat in a year-old parliament that replaced nearly five decades of oppressive military rule.
Her trip is expected to include a visit to the British city Oxford, where she attended university in the 1970s.
Suu Kyi, 66, was first detained in 1989, and spent 15 of the next 21 years in detention until her release from house arrest in November 2010. She refused to leave the country during the brief periods when she was not held by authorities, for fear of not being allowed to return.
Cameron invited Suu Kyi to visit Britain when he met her in Yangon in April. Her British husband, Michael Aris, died of cancer in 1999.
Britain is proposing the creation of an international commission to encourage "responsible" trade and investment in Myanmar, also known as Burma, now that sanctions on the country are being lifted, British officials said.
The plan is designed to help make sure trade benefits all Myanmar's people, rather than a "select few", a British official said.
The United States, the European Union, Japan, Canada and Australia have all moved in recent weeks to ease or suspend sanctions on Myanmar, as the once pariah nation embarks on democratic reforms and seeks engagement with the world.
British officials said Cameron would outline proposals at the G8 for a Commission for Responsible Investment in Burma that could bring together representatives from the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, international companies and human rights campaigners.
The panel would establish principles that businesses would be encouraged to sign up to when trading with or investing in Myanmar, the officials said.
(Reporting by Adrian Croft)
αာα္αံုKyaeMonျαα္αာႏုိα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီးα₯ီးααα°ေαာα္αြα္αိုααူးေαာα္αΏαိဳααွိ ျαα္αာαံαံုးαြα္ ေαααα္α
ိုးαα္း(αီြα‘ိုေα‘-ျαα္αာαာα) αွ αီးαα္αေαြααံုေαးျαα္းα
α₯္။ (ေαα αα αα္၊ αααα။)
ေαααα္α ိုးαα္း ။ ။ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြαို α‘αိα‘αွα္ျαဳαΏαီးေαာ့ EU α₯ေαာα αααΌα αိုα၊ ေαာα္ α‘ေααိαα္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαုိααေααΏαီးေαာ့ α‘αα္αုα္းα αားαီးαိα္αိုααားαာေαြ αို ေျαေαွ်ာ့ေαးαါαα္။ αα်ဳိααိုαိုααွိαα္ EU α₯ေαာααααΌααိုαိုααွိαα္ αံုးα αုα္αိα္းေαးαုိα္αဲ့ αေαာ αွိαါαα္။ α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ုα‘ေααဲααေαာ့ αာαီαုိα္းαံ့αဲ့αေαာ ျαα ္α်α္αα္း ျαα ္αα္၊ α‘ဲαီα‘αါα်ေαာ့ α‘ေααိαα္αဲα ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲααα္αံေαးα αီαုိα်ဳိး αုိးαα္ေαာα္းαြα္ αာ αာ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα α‘ေျαα‘ေααဲααα္αα္αΏαီး αα္ေαာα္α‘αိ α‘ေαးαါαα္αိုαα်ား αူααါααဲαွα့္။
α₯ီးααα°ေαာα္αြα္ ။ ။“ႏိုα္αံေαာ္αဲα ႏုိα္αံေαးα αα ္၊ α ီးαြားေαးα αα ္ α‘αြα္αူးေျαာα္းαႈေαြαို α‘ား αα္αေαာ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြ α‘αွိα္α‘αုα္αဲααုα္αာαဲ့α‘αါαွာ αီႏိုα္αံααီးေαြ α ေααΏαီးေαာ့ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα ျαα ္ေαααိုးαα္αႈေαြαို αူαိုαα‘ေααဲα α‘αြα္αဲ α်ီးα်ဴးαα္၊ α‘αိ α‘αွα္ျαဳαα္။ αာ့ေαΎαာα့္αဲ၊ αူαိုαေαွ်ာ္αα့္αားαဲ့ ေျααွα္းေαြαα္ αိုαΏαီးေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိα α ျαα္αα္α ြာαဲα ႏုိα္αံေαာ္αဲα ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈαααို- α‘αူးαျαα့္ေαာ့ ျαα္αူαူαုαဲα αႏα΅ျαα ္αဲ့ αါαီα ုံ αီαို αေαα ီα αα ္αို ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘ααα္း αα္ေαြα αα္ေαာα္αα္။ αူေαြαဲα αူαႈα ီးαြားေαးαα αံြααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္αိုαα‘αြα္αိုαα္း α်ေαာ္αိုαα α‘ားαα္ αေαာ၊ ေααα α₯္αဲα α‘αွ် ေαာα္αြα္ေα αာ ျαα ္αဲ့α‘αြα္ေαΎαာα့္αိုααိုα αီ ႏုိα္αံααီးေαြααα္းαဲ α‘αိα‘αွα္ျαဳαာαဲ့αΏαီးေαာ့ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα αα္αံေαး αူαိုααα္ααα္းαဲ ေျαေαွ်ာ့αႈေαြ αုα္αာαα္။
αီαုိ αုα္αဲ့α‘αြα္ေαΎαာα့္ ျαα္αူαူαုαဲα αူαႈα ီးαြားေαးαα αံြααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္ေαးαွာ α‘αူးαျαα့္ α ီးαြားေαးαိုα္းαွာ αိုαΏαီးေαာ့ αုိးαα္αိုα၊ αွ်α္ျαα္αိုα ျαα ္αာαα္။ α်ေαာ္αိုαႏုိα္αံαဲα αံြααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္ေαး αုα္αα္း α ီαံα်α္ေαြαွာαα္းαဲ αိုαΏαီးေαာ့ α‘αွိα္α‘αုα္ααာαα္။ αါαိုαα္ αူေαြαဲα αူαႈα ီးαြားေαး αα αုိးαα္αိုαα‘αြα္αို ααα္ααα္းαေααΏαီးေαာ့ α‘ေαာα္α‘αူ ျαဳေαးαာαα့္ α‘ေα α‘αားေαြ αွိαါαα္။ αါေαΎαာα့္αိုααိုα ႏုိα္αံေαာ္α‘ေααဲααေαာ့ ႏုိα္αံα‘ားαံုးαဲα α်α ္αΎαα္αα္းႏွီးα ြာ αα္αံေαးαို αα္αα္ αိα္းαိα္းαΏαီးေαာ့ αိαိα‘ေαααွာ ျαα္αα္αα္းႏွီးαာေα‘ာα္၊ ေႏြးေαြးαာေα‘ာα္ αα္αα္း αာαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံααီးေαြαဲααα္းαဲ α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ေααဲα ေႏြးေαြးαဲ့ αα္αံေαးေαြαို αူေαာα္αြားαΏαီးေαာ့ α‘αိα-αေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိαျαα္αူေαြαဲα α‘αုα္α‘αိုα္ α‘αြα့္α‘αα္းေαြ ααွိαာαိုα၊ α ီးαြားေαးααေαြ၊ αူေααႈα‘αα့္α‘αα္းေαြ αိုαΏαီး ျαα့္αားαာαိုα α‘αြα္ αီαုိ ႏိုα္αံα‘α်ားα‘ျαားαဲα αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ αာေαြαာ αုိα‘α္ေααဲ့α‘α်ိα္ ျαα ္αါαα္။
αါေαΎαာα့္αိုααိုα α‘αုα‘α်ိα္αွာ ႏုိα္αံααီးေαြαဲααα္αံေαး αုိးαα္αာαာαာ ႏုိα္αံေαာ္α‘αြα္ α‘ားα αုိα ေαာα္းαα္၊ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ျαα္αူαူαုαဲα α‘αြα့္α‘αα္းေαြ αိုαိုαΏαီးေαာ့ ααာαα္။ αုα္αα္း αိုα္ αα္းေαြαα္း αိုးαα္αာαα္။
ααါ α်ေαာ္αုိααိုα်α္αဲ့ αα္αာαို α‘ေျααံαဲ့ α α္αႈႏုိα္αံα‘ျαα ္ ေျαာα္းαဲαိုααွာαα္း α်ေαာ္αိုα α‘αြα္ α‘ေαာα္α‘αူ ျαα ္αာαα္၊ αီαုိ αုိးαα္αႈ α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြ αာ ႏုိα္αံေαာ္ α‘αြα္၊ ျαα္αူ αူαုα‘αြα္ ေαာα္းαဲ့α‘αြα့္α‘αα္းေαြ ေααေαါα္αာαိα့္αα္αိုα ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αုိα ααါαα္။”
ေαααα္α ိုးαα္း ။ ။ α‘ဲαီေαာ့- α‘αု α‘ေααိαα္ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαေααΏαီးေαာ့ α‘ေααိαα္ αုααΈαီααီး ေαြαို αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαΎααါαိုα αα္ααီး αီαာαီααα္αα္ααα္း αိုα္αြα္းαြားαာ αΎαားααါ αα္။ αΏαီးေαာ့ α‘ေααိαα္ႏုိα္αံαဲα αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြα်ား αα္αိုα်ဳိး αာαΏαီး ျαႇဳα္ႏွံαα့္ α‘αားα‘αာေαာ αွိαα္αိုα αူααိုαααါααဲαွα့္။
α₯ီးααα°ေαာα္αြα္ ။ ။ “α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘ေααဲααေαာ့ ႏုိα္αံααာ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြαို αိα္ေααေααါ αα္။ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα ααာαα‘αα္းα‘ျαα ္ ααံαာαေαြ ေαါႂαြα္ααႈααα္း ααα»ာαိျαα ္ေα αα္။ α‘ဲαီα‘αြα္ေαΎαာα့္αိုααိုα ျαα္αာ့αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈ ေαာ္ααွα္ααα္းαဲ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈαိုα္αာ αα္းα₯αေαေαြαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီးေαာ့αα္း ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြ ေαာα္αြα္ေαးαΏαီးေαာ့ ႏိုα္αံααာαေα αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြ αာေαာα္αုα္αိုα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαာα္းေαြ ααွိေα‘ာα္ αα္αီးေαးေααဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွိαါαα္။ αါေαΎαာα့္αိုααိုα αာαေαါα္းα ံု၊ αα္ေαါα္းα ံုαွာ αူαိုαα ိα္αα္α ား αα္ α ိα္αα္α ားαဲ့α‘αα္းααေαြαွာ αာေαာα္αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαိုα α‘αြα့္α‘αα္းေαြ ααွိαာαွာ ျαα ္αါαα္။”
ေαααα္α ိုးαα္း ။ ။ αုα္αဲ့- α‘αူးαျαα့္ α‘ေααိαα္ αုααΈαီ၊ α₯ααာ -ေααံαုααΈαီα်ဳိးေαြαုိေαါ့ေαာ္။ αူαိုαα‘ေααဲα α ိα္αα္α ားαα္αိုαေαာ αΎαားαိαါαားαွα့္။
α₯ီးααα°ေαာα္αြα္ ။ ။ “α်ေαာ္αိုαα‘ေααဲααေαာ့ α ီးαြားေαးαααိုα္းαွာ αα္ေαါα္းα ံု α၊ ႏုိα္αံ ေαါα္းα ံုα αာေαာα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αα္းαွα္းေααဲ့ α‘ေαα‘αားαွိαါαα္။ αေααα αα္ααီး ααα္αα္ ေျαာαြားαဲ့α‘αဲαွာαα္း αူαိုαα‘ေααဲα ေααံαဲαααာααာα္ေαြααိုα္းαိုα္αာ ααေαြ၊ ααၳဳ αြα္း αိုα္းαုိα္αာ ααေαြαွာ αူαိုαα‘ေααဲα α ိα္αα္α ားαႈ αွိαα္၊ αα္းႏွီး ျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈေαြ αုα္αိုα္αα့္ α‘αား α‘αာေαြαွိαα္αိုα αα့္αြα္းေျαာαΎαားαြားαာαα္း αွိαါαα္။
α‘ဲαီေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αိုααα္ααα္း α်αွα္αားαဲ့ αူαါαေαြαဲαα‘αီ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈ ေαာ္ααွα္αဲα αα္αုိα္αာαα္ααီးαာαေαြαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αိေαြααြားαα္ αိုαα္ေαာ့αα္း αုα္αα္း αိုα္αα္းေαြ ေαွααွာ ေααေαါα္αာα αာေαြαွိαα္αိုα ေαွ်ာ္αα့္αုိαααါαα္။ ”
ေαααα္α ိုးαα္း ။ ။ α‘αု ႏုိα္αံေαာ္ αααΌαααီးα αုαိα α‘ααိα္αα္αΏαီး ေျαာαာ- ျαα္αေαာα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ αားေαြ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαို ျαα္αာαΎααါ၊ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲα αံြααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္αႈαုα္αα္းေαြαို αုိα္းαα္းαူαီႏုိα္αΎααါ αα္ αိုαΏαီး αိα္ေαααားαာαွိαါαα္။ αα္ααီးαိုαα‘ေααဲα αီးျαားေαါ့ေαာ္- αα္αိုα္αာ αံαံုးα‘αီးαီးαို αာေαြα်ား αႊα္αΎαားαားαာ αွိαါααဲ αွα့္။ ျαα္αေαာα္ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံ αားေαြ ျαα္αာျαα္ျαα္αဲ့ α‘αါ αွာေαါ့ေα α‘αα္ေျαေα်ာေαြαေα‘ာα္ αိုαΏαီးေαာ့-
α₯ီးααα°ေαာα္αြα္ ။ ။ “ျαα္αေαာα္ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαားေαြαဲα α‘αα္ေျα ေα်ာေαြαေαးαဲα αα္αα္ αα္ေαာ့ ႏိုα္αံျαားေαးαα္ααီးαာα αံαံုးα်ား- α‘αဲြααံုးα်ားαဲα αာαα္ααၱαားαဲ αွာ ျαα္αေαာα္ ျαα္αာ ႏုိα္αံ αားေαြαဲα α‘α်ဳိးα ီးαြားαို αူαီေαာα္αြα္ေαးαိုα၊ αာαြα္ေαးαိုα αိုαာαို αာαα္ααα္ ျααာα္းαား αါαα္။ αီαာαဲαα‘αီαα္း αံαံုးေαြα ေαာα္αြα္ေαးေα αာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ ျαα္ααွာ ေαာα္ေααΎααဲ့ α‘αဲαွာ αိαိαဲα α‘αα္ေαြးαα္းေα်ာα္းαႈα‘αေαΎαာα့္ျαα ္ေα ၊ ေααΎαα္αာ၊ ျαα္ႏုαာ αိαိαα αိုးαα္αာ αုိးαα္ေαΎαာα့္αိုαျαα ္ေα ျαα္ααို ေαာα္ေααဲ့ ႏုိα္αံαူ ႏုိα္αံαားေαြ α‘αြα္ေαာ့ αံαံုးα α‘αΏαဲαα္း αံαါးαြα့္αားαါαα္။ α‘αူα‘αီေαးαိုααα္း α‘αα္αα့္ ျαα ္αါαα္။
αူαိုαα‘ေααဲα ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαို ျαα္αΏαီးေαာ့ α‘α်ဳိးαွိαα့္αုα္αα္းေαြ αုα္α်α္αα္ αိုαိုααွိαα္αα္း αူαိုααဲα αα္αα½ြα္းαားαဲ့ α‘αိααာ၊ α‘αα္ααာေαြ၊ αူαုိααဲα αα္α α္αΏαီးေαာ့ ααွိαာαα့္ αα္း ααာေαြα‘ေαα αူαα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αα္းႏွီးျαႇဳα္ႏွံαႈ αုα္αα္းαွာαဲျαα ္ျαα ္၊ αြံααΏαိဳးေαးαုα္αα္းαွာαဲျαα ္ျαα ္ αါαα္αိုα α‘αΏαဲ αိα္ေααေααါαα္။
“ααိုα္းαေαာ့ α₯αေααဲα ααီαြα္αဲαဲα α₯αေαေαာα္ျαα္α ေαာα္ေααဲ့αူေαြαဲα αα္αα္αΏαီး ေαာ့αα္း αဲ αူαိုαα‘ေααဲα αီးျαား ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαဲααα္αα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αိေαြααိုαα္၊ ျαα္αα္αΏαီးေαာ့ ႏုိα္αံαားေαာα္း αေαာα္α‘ေααဲα ျαα္αα္ ေαာα္αြα္α်α္αဲ့ αႏα΅ေαြ αွိαα္αိုαα္ αα₯ီးα်α္းα‘ေααဲα αိαိαႏα΅αို αုα္ေαာ္αΏαီးαဲ့α‘αါαွာ αα္αြα္αာαိုα αွိαα္ α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ေααဲα αα₯ီးα်α္း αα₯ီးα်α္း case by case α α₯္းα ားαΏαီးေαာ့ ေαာα္αြα္ေαး αြားαα့္ α‘ေαα‘αားαα္း αွိαါαα္။ ေαာα္αြα္ αα္း ေαာα္αြα္ေαးေααα္။ αါαေαာ့ ျαα္αေαာα္ႏိုα္αံαားေαြ α‘ားαံုးα‘αြα္ ျαα ္αါαα္။
“α‘ဲαီေαာ့ ႏိုα္αံေαာ္αဲα αα္αဲ α₯αေαေαြαို α်ဳိးေαာα္αားαဲ့ αူေαြ α‘ေααဲααေαာ့ αိαိαိုααဲα α်ဳိးေαာα္ αားαဲ့ α₯αေα၊ αုα္α α‘ေαα‘αားေαြေαααွာ αူαα္αΏαီးေαာ့ αီαိα α₯αα္ေαြαဲαα‘ေαααွာ αူαα္αΏαီး αိαိαဲααႏα΅αို αိုα္αုိα္αုိα္α် ေαာ္ျααΏαီးေαာ့ ေαွ်ာα္αားαာαΎααα္ αိုαုိααွိαα္ေαာ့αα္း α်ေαာ္αိုα α‘ေααဲα αα့္αဲ αα့္αဲ αα္αα္ αα္ျαေαးαြားαိုα αွိαါαα္။”
ေαααα္α ိုးαα္း ။ ။ ေα်းαူးα‘α်ားααီးαα္αါαα္ αα္ααီး။
By ေαααα္α ိုးαα္း (VOA)
The U.S. Department of State is pleased to announce that Ales Byalyatski of Belarus and Uganda’s Civil Society Coalition on Human Rights and Constitutional Law are the joint winners of the 2011 Human Rights Defenders Award. This award recognizes individuals or non-governmental organizations that show exceptional valor and leadership in advocating the protection of human rights and democracy in the face of government repression.
Ales Byalyatski has bravely advocated on behalf of victims of political oppression and their families despite harassment by the Government of Belarus. As the founder of “Vyasna,” one of Belarus’ leading human rights organizations, Byalyatski provided legal and practical support to victims of an on-going crackdown and acted as a key source of information about human rights violations. He is currently a political prisoner, serving a four and a half year sentence for defending human rights.
Uganda’s Civil Society Coalition on Human Rights and Constitutional Law is honored for effectively defending the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, often at great personal risk. The Coalition, which is comprised of 40 Ugandan NGOs, has successfully defended the rights of LGBT individuals in Ugandan courts, sparked public dialogue on LGBT rights in Uganda, and challenged widespread misperceptions and prejudices. The Coalition’s structure, effectiveness, and engagement with Ugandan civil society, government officials, and the Ugandan public provides a model for other human rights activists around the world.
This year’s nominees came from every corner of the world. Common World and the Little Bird Mutual Assistance Hotline in China, as well as the Mutual Support Group and the Center for Legal Action in Human Rights, from Guatemala were nominated organizations, as were an impressive group of individual nominees: Jorge Molano of Colombia, Adilur Rahman Khan from Bangladesh, George Freeman from Sierra Leone, Govinda Prasad Sharma Koirala of Nepal, Swaziland’s Justice Thomas Masuku, Igor Kalyapin from Russia, Zarganar from Burma, and Zaw Min Htut, a Rohingya rights activist living in Japan.
The United States stands with these and all human rights defenders and civil society activists who work hard every day, in every part of the world, to make real the promise of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Ales Byalyatski has bravely advocated on behalf of victims of political oppression and their families despite harassment by the Government of Belarus. As the founder of “Vyasna,” one of Belarus’ leading human rights organizations, Byalyatski provided legal and practical support to victims of an on-going crackdown and acted as a key source of information about human rights violations. He is currently a political prisoner, serving a four and a half year sentence for defending human rights.
Uganda’s Civil Society Coalition on Human Rights and Constitutional Law is honored for effectively defending the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, often at great personal risk. The Coalition, which is comprised of 40 Ugandan NGOs, has successfully defended the rights of LGBT individuals in Ugandan courts, sparked public dialogue on LGBT rights in Uganda, and challenged widespread misperceptions and prejudices. The Coalition’s structure, effectiveness, and engagement with Ugandan civil society, government officials, and the Ugandan public provides a model for other human rights activists around the world.
This year’s nominees came from every corner of the world. Common World and the Little Bird Mutual Assistance Hotline in China, as well as the Mutual Support Group and the Center for Legal Action in Human Rights, from Guatemala were nominated organizations, as were an impressive group of individual nominees: Jorge Molano of Colombia, Adilur Rahman Khan from Bangladesh, George Freeman from Sierra Leone, Govinda Prasad Sharma Koirala of Nepal, Swaziland’s Justice Thomas Masuku, Igor Kalyapin from Russia, Zarganar from Burma, and Zaw Min Htut, a Rohingya rights activist living in Japan.
The United States stands with these and all human rights defenders and civil society activists who work hard every day, in every part of the world, to make real the promise of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The Hindu Members of a displaced Burmese refugee family who are regrouping to find their family members in New Delhi on Friday. Photo: S. Subramanium
Seeking refugee status, they are trickling back "in search of a home and access to better life"
Days after being forcibly evicted from Delhi, several hundred Rohingya asylum seekers, who participated in the protest demanding refugee status in India this past week, are now trickling back into the Capital “in search of a home and access to better life.”
“After the Indian government assured us that they will issue long-term visas, it directed the Delhi Police to immediately disperse the protesters and instructed us to return to our place of residence in the country. Several participants who came to Delhi from Rajasthan, Jammu and various parts of Uttar Pradesh were bundled into buses and abandoned at railway stations, bus stands and some people were left on the outskirts of the Capital without food, water or any means of communication with our friends. Many of them are now returning to the Capital to keep up the pressure on the Indian government and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. We feel that being in the Capital gives us more security and better access to food, shelter and healthcare facilities,” said Zia-Ur-Rahman, who claims to have managed to return to the Capital to admit his seven-month-old son to a hospital for acute stomach infection.
Also forced to return in search of their family members, Mr. Zia said: “The eviction by the police was done in such haste that many people are now untraceable and several of us are coming back to Delhi to look for them.”
Non-government organisation ‘Zakat Foundation of India' is housing and taking care of 50 Rohingya families (over 200 people) in the Okhla area. It had to turn down the request of taking in 30 more people on Friday afternoon.
“We are in talks with the authorities to rent more space for the people coming in but as of now there is no space for more people. Friday witnessed several asylum seekers trickling back into the city. They tell us that Delhi seems to be a less hostile place,” said Dr. Najam-Us-Salam of the Foundation.
“We were forced to live without access to basic healthcare, food, shelter, work permits or any legal protection. We feel that living in the Capital gives us visibility and maybe also better opportunity,” said Mohammed Yusuf, who six months ago fled Myanmar with his wife, eight children and his 95-year-old mother-in-law in search of a better life in India.
“I came to Uttar Pradesh to a friend's house in the hope that in India I will find the home that was denied to me in my country of birth. However, me and my family have been vagabonds ever since. Desperate to end the uncertainty surrounding our future, we participated in the sit-in protest in Delhi demanding refugee status from the Indian government. Though we were picked up by the Delhi Police and left near Uttar Pradesh, we have come back to Delhi knowing that we will be better off here,” said Mr. Yusuf.
“We plan to stay in some area which has people from our community and hope that at least my children will have one meal a day. That is my aspiration for my family now, lets see what tomorrow brings in for us,” he said.
Keywords: Burma refugees, Rohingya asylum seekers, Delhi police, Dr. Najam-Us-Salam, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
NEW DELHI — The Obama administration’s decision this week to ease financial sanctions imposed on Myanmar, encourage American investment there and appoint a U.S. ambassador for the first time in 22 years should further the long-isolated nation’s reform process, analysts said Friday.
But it could also goose inflation and intensify other adjustment problems affecting millions of impoverished Burmese, they said, in a nation already struggling to cope with a recent torrent of foreign companies, dignitaries and tourists.
“This is a move that Myanmar has been waiting for a long time,” Khin Zaw Win, director of Yangon’s Tampadipa Institute, said in an email exchange. “Regrettably it doesn’t have the capacity to absorb the investment. Local costs and prices are already rising.”
Decades of isolation and iron-fisted rule under a military government have left Myanmar, also known as Burma, with a distorted and inefficient economy, extensive corruption, major industries controlled by a handful of cronies and an administration short on the technical skills needed to run a modern state.
Those deficiencies have only become more apparent as the country has opened up in recent months, holding elections, releasing political prisoners, forging peace deals with ethnic minorities, liberalizing exchange rates and writing an investment law, sparking what some have described as a new “gold rush.”
Thursday’s U.S. announcement, the start of what President Obama termed a “new chapter” in relations, follows pressure from American companies that have watched their less encumbered Chinese, Southeast Asian and European competitors pile into Myanmar ahead of them.
“It is a case of wanting to keep up with the Johansson [Europe] as well as help U.S. business,” said Bridget Welsh, a political science professor at Singapore Management University. “Myanmar — especially its resource wealth — has pipped interest by companies.”
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said Thursday in Washington, standing beside Burmese Foreign Minister Wunna Maung Lwin, that the administration would issue a general license paving the way for U.S. energy, mining, financial services and other companies to do business in Myanmar.
While the steady opening of Myanmar makes it increasingly unlikely that hard-line military leaders will be able to reassert the tight grip they long enjoyed, Washington is reluctant to move too fast, concerned about the country’s closed political system and human rights violations.
The U.S. will maintain its arms embargo and continue to sanction Myanmar military companies, business tycoons and generals accused of human rights violations and corruption.
“It is a difficult balancing act given that so many problems remain in Burma, and the obvious danger that rewards given too early could be counterproductive,” said Sean Turnell, economics professor at Australia’s Macquarie University and editor of the website Burma Economic Watch. “So much to do still.”
Human rights groups, however, have criticized the U.S. move, arguing that it rewards a quasi-military government that still holds hundreds of political prisoners.
The Obama administration’s decision to nominate Derek Mitchell, who has served as special envoy to Burma since April 2011, as U.S. ambassador signals Washington’s growing confidence in Myanmar’s policy direction, analysts said. But Mitchell still needs to widen his circle, some said, beyond the military, pro-democracy activists led by opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and officials in Naypyidaw, the capital.
“He has been trying hard, but is little known outside Naypyidaw and Suu Kyi’s residence,” said Khin Zaw Win, the Tampadipa Institute director. “He has to do much more to make up for 22 years of isolation and neglect by the U.S.”
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α်α αွာ αိုαα္α်ာ α‘αိ αေαာα္αွ ααွိαါαူး။ αိုαα္α်ာ ေαြ ေα αဲ့ ေαα αα္း ααါ αွ αေαာα္αူးαါαူး။ α‘ဲαါေαΎαာα့္..αိုαα္α်ာ ေαြ α‘ေαΎαာα္း αα္း ေαာ...
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Cox's Bazar: A 19-member delegation comprised of diplomats from western countries has recently visited the Burmese Muslim refugee camps...
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There is a government publication called New Light of Myanmar founded in 1914 .It is a far cry from the free wheeling, irrepressible Ph...
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αိုα/- ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္ α‘ေαြေαြ α‘αြα္းေαးαွဴးα်ဳα္၊ α‘α်ိဳးαား αီαိုαေαα ီ α‘αြဲαα်ဳα္၊ αα္αုα္αΏαိဳα။ ... -
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