Beijing's long-time ally might be redirecting its attention to the West.
 |
| Myanmar's new civilian president, Thein Sein, stands next to Chinese President Hu during a signing ceremony in Beijing. / Reuters |
Last October, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton gave a speech to the New York Economic Club. She spoke on the need for the United States to improve its statecraft by using economic policy to enhance its diplomatic leverage abroad. The speech was delivered in the context of widespread concern inside the State Department that Beijing's economic and aid policies have proven more effective than the muddle-through approaches of Western democracies.
From a distance, authoritarian great powers appear far more efficient at harnessing economic tools for strategic advantage. But recent developments in Burma suggest that Beijing's statecraft may not be as effective as has been suggested.
Beijing's Influence
Burma remains the most ostracized country in Asia outside North Korea. Since the junta's brutal crackdown of protesters in 1988, the United States and the European Union have imposed increasingly robust economic sanctions against the regime. China also faced international condemnation over the repression of demonstrators following the 1989 Tiananmen protests, and since the 1990s, Beijing has emerged as Rangoon's most dependable ally.
Rangoon seems willing to take shelter under Beijing's embrace: China is behind two-thirds of all foreign investment in Burma and is its second-largest trading partner after Thailand. China is the primary supplier of military equipment to the Tatmadaw, Myanmar's armed forces. Beijing provides diplomatic and political cover for the regime, consistently vetoing U.S. plans to investigate allegations of civilian repression through UN agencies. Without Chinese economic and technical assistance, the stuttering Burmese economy would have completely collapsed, endangering the continued rule of the junta. It is no wonder that Burma is sometimes dismissed as a Chinese "economic colony" or even as the unofficial twenty-third province of China.
Turning West
When President Thein Sein took office last March, few expected much change from the emergence of a so-called civilian government. But the last few months in Burma have taken the region and America by surprise.
The president suspended the $3.6 billion Chinese-funded Myitsone Dam project on the northern mouth of the Irawaddy River. The dam was to send 90 percent of the hydroelectric power generated to Yunnan Province in China for the next fifty years.
In an unexpected move, Rangoon has welcomed several senior American officials over the past few months. These include Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, former presidential candidate John McCain, former vice-presidential candidate Joe Lieberman and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell. All have returned expressing cautious optimism about the prospect of political reform in Burma.
Clinton was even granted an audience with Nobel Peace Prize-winner Aung San Suu Kyi, who is considered by the West to be the legitimate leader of Burma on account of her election victory in 1990. Rangoon has approved meetings between Suu Kyi, Thai prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra and British foreign secretary William Hague. Released from house arrest in 2010, she was recently cleared to run for parliamentary elections in April 2012.
Cautious Reform
China's continued courting of Burma is understandable--and to be expected. Burma is of strategic importance because it is superbly positioned above the Andaman Sea, which leads into the shipping chokepoint of the Malacca Straits. Potential transport routes through Burma also offer southern Chinese provinces an alternative to relying solely on U.S.-patrolled maritime routes through Southeast Asia.
But as in African countries such as Zimbabwe, Sudan, Algeria and Nigeria, China is also interested in the resources of its southern neighbor: oil, gas, minerals, timber and hydropower generation. Almost all Chinese investment in Burma is in these sectors and by state-owned-enterprises (SOE). And as is often the case with Chinese SOE activity in poor countries ruled by authoritarian, corrupt regimes, the implied pact between Beijing and its partner's political elites--with both under less pressure to address the concerns of their citizens than in genuine democracies--offers little in the way of economic, employment or social return to local populations. For example, Beijing puts no pressure on its SOEs to limit the environmental impact of commercial activities--especially mining--in foreign lands. Resentment is only deepening: Locals in the northeast economic regions close to China have long complained that commerce is dominated by Chinese entrepreneurs and businesses.
As in parts of Africa, Burma's leaders are discovering that Chinese authoritarian largesse has a price. China negotiates with weak authoritarian countries from a position of strength. "No-strings-attached" economic aid, investment and political cover are explicit extensions of Chinese foreign policy, and Beijing expects considerable strategic and economic returns. In contrast, the activities of Western firms and those from countries such as Japan are watched by the government and other concerned groups. Even stringent conditions-based aid, preferred by democratic countries and institutions such as the World Bank, is beginning to appear more attractive.
As Beijing can attest, even authoritarian regimes must eventually respond to demands of their citizens. China will remain Burma's primary economic partner. But Rangoon is reaching out to democratic states--and promising gradual political reform in the future--in order to find alternatives to Burma becoming a de facto Chinese colony.
This pivot does not necessarily mean that genuinely free and fair elections will be held in Burma soon. But it should cast doubt on the self-defeating argument making the rounds in democratic capitals, including Washington, that authoritarian powers like China are far more efficient and successful at statecraft than their democratic rivals.
Source here
ျαα္ေαာα္α
ုαΎαံ့αုိα္ေαးႏွα့္αြဲံααΏαိဳးေαးαါαီα αΎαားျαα္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαြα္ αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္αα့္ αိုα္α
ားαွα္ေαာα္းα
ာαα္းαို ေαေαာ္αါαီ(α)αα္α αုα္ျαα္ေαΎααာαုိα္αΏαီျαα
္αာ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα
ုαΎαα္ႏွα့္α‘αΏαိဳα္ ေαာ့αွဴးαΏαိဳααα္ ျαα္αူααႊα္ေαာ္ αဲαႏα΅αα္αြα္ αα္ေαာα္ေαြးα်α္αံαα့္αူαွာ ေαါα္αာα
ုိးαα္းျαα
္αα္။
α‘α်ဳိးαားαီαုိαေαα ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္αွ ေααျαဴျαဴαα္း၊ αီαုိααα္αα ္(ျαα္αာျαα္)αွ α¦းαုေααုိααα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္α‘ေαြးα်α္αံαα့္ ααၤαာေαာα္αြα္ααဲαႏα΅αα္αြα္ ျαα္αုိα္းαΏαိဳးαါαီαွ ေαααဲ့αဲ့ေα‘းα αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္ေαြးα်α္αံαα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း αုα္ျαα္αားေαာ α ာαα္း၌ ေαြαααα္။
NLD αွ ေαα်ာေαာ္αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္αα့္ αုααΊαီαိαΏαိဳααα္αြα္ ျαα္αုိα္αΏαိဳးαါαီαွ α¦းαာေαး αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္αα္ျαα ္αΏαီး၊ NLD αွα¦းαΏαိဳးαα္းαိα္းႏွα့္α‘αΏαိဳα္ ျαα္αုိα္αΏαိဳးαါαီα ေαါα္αာေα‘ာα္ျαα္αူα αွα္းαူးαΏαိဳααα္αြα္ αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္ေαြးα်α္αံαΎααα္ျαα ္αα္။
ျαα္αုိα္းαΏαိဳး၏ αုိα္α ားαွα္ေαာα္း αα α¦းα ာαα္းαြα္ αα္αွိ αုိαα္ႏွα့္ααီးαြားαာေαးαα္ααီးαာαႏွα့္ α‘ားαα ားαα္ααီးαာα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαα္ααီး α¦းαα္αα္း၏αား၊ ေαျαα္ေαာ္ ေαာαုံးα‘αα္း၏ α₯αၠαျαα ္αူ ေαါα္αာ αΏαိဳးαုိαုိαα့္αα္းα α§αာααီαုိα္းေααααီး ေျαာα္းျααΏαိဳααα္αွ αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္α‘ေαြးα်α္αံαα္ျαα ္αα္။
ျαα္αုိα္αΏαိဳးαါαီα αာαα္ေαးα‘α္αားαα့္αုိα္α ားαွα္α်ားα‘ားαုံးαွာ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုေαြးေαာα္αြဲေαာ္ααွα္αွ αုα္ျαα္αားေαာ α‘αိα္α၊ αႊα္αΎαားα်α္α်ား၊ ေαΎααာα်α္α်ားႏွα့္α‘αီ ααားαျαα့္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္αΏαီး α‘ႏုိα္ααွိေαးα‘αြα္ ျαα္αူα်ားႏွα့္ αုိα္းαα္းαα္αြဲααိဳးαα္းေαာα္αြα္αြားαΎααα္ α‘ေαΎαာα္းαΎαားαါαα္αု αါαီα‘ေαြေαြα‘αြα္းေαးαွဴး α¦းေαးα¦းα αα္αွα္ေαးαုိး၍ αႊြα္αΎαားαားαα္αုိαα္း ေαြαααα္။
α‘α်ဳိးαားαီαုိαေαα ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္αွ ေααျαဴျαဴαα္း၊ αီαုိααα္αα ္(ျαα္αာျαα္)αွ α¦းαုေααုိααα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္α‘ေαြးα်α္αံαα့္ ααၤαာေαာα္αြα္ααဲαႏα΅αα္αြα္ ျαα္αုိα္းαΏαိဳးαါαီαွ ေαααဲ့αဲ့ေα‘းα αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္ေαြးα်α္αံαα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း αုα္ျαα္αားေαာ α ာαα္း၌ ေαြαααα္။
NLD αွ ေαα်ာေαာ္αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္αα့္ αုααΊαီαိαΏαိဳααα္αြα္ ျαα္αုိα္αΏαိဳးαါαီαွ α¦းαာေαး αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္αα္ျαα ္αΏαီး၊ NLD αွα¦းαΏαိဳးαα္းαိα္းႏွα့္α‘αΏαိဳα္ ျαα္αုိα္αΏαိဳးαါαီα ေαါα္αာေα‘ာα္ျαα္αူα αွα္းαူးαΏαိဳααα္αြα္ αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္ေαြးα်α္αံαΎααα္ျαα ္αα္။
ျαα္αုိα္းαΏαိဳး၏ αုိα္α ားαွα္ေαာα္း αα α¦းα ာαα္းαြα္ αα္αွိ αုိαα္ႏွα့္ααီးαြားαာေαးαα္ααီးαာαႏွα့္ α‘ားαα ားαα္ααီးαာα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαα္ααီး α¦းαα္αα္း၏αား၊ ေαျαα္ေαာ္ ေαာαုံးα‘αα္း၏ α₯αၠαျαα ္αူ ေαါα္αာ αΏαိဳးαုိαုိαα့္αα္းα α§αာααီαုိα္းေααααီး ေျαာα္းျααΏαိဳααα္αွ αα္ေαာα္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္α‘ေαြးα်α္αံαα္ျαα ္αα္။
ျαα္αုိα္αΏαိဳးαါαီα αာαα္ေαးα‘α္αားαα့္αုိα္α ားαွα္α်ားα‘ားαုံးαွာ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုေαြးေαာα္αြဲေαာ္ααွα္αွ αုα္ျαα္αားေαာ α‘αိα္α၊ αႊα္αΎαားα်α္α်ား၊ ေαΎααာα်α္α်ားႏွα့္α‘αီ ααားαျαα့္αွα₯္αΏαိဳα္αΏαီး α‘ႏုိα္ααွိေαးα‘αြα္ ျαα္αူα်ားႏွα့္ αုိα္းαα္းαα္αြဲααိဳးαα္းေαာα္αြα္αြားαΎααα္ α‘ေαΎαာα္းαΎαားαါαα္αု αါαီα‘ေαြေαြα‘αြα္းေαးαွဴး α¦းေαးα¦းα αα္αွα္ေαးαုိး၍ αႊြα္αΎαားαားαα္αုိαα္း ေαြαααα္။
Source : 7 day News Journal
 |
| αα α₯αာ αα္αားαား α‘ား ေျαာαΎαားαိုα္ေαာ ျαα္αူ ့αႊα္ေαာ္ α₯αၠα |
α‘ေျαာ ααုα္၊ α‘αုα္αα္ေα ျαα
္ေα
ααα္αု αα
α₯αာ αα္αားαား α‘ား
ေျαာαΎαားαိုα္ေαာ ျαα္αူ ့αႊα္ေαာ္ α₯αၠααာαα့္ αΎαားျαα္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαြα္ αြα္αα္ျαီး ααားαွ်αေαာ ေαြးေαာα္αြဲျαα
္ααα္αု ျαα္αူ ့αႊα္ေαာ္ α₯αၠα αူαα¦းေαႊαα္းα αေα ့ေα ့αα္
α αာαီ α αိαα ္αြα္ αα α₯αာ αα္αားαားႏွα့္ ေαြ ့αံုα α₯္ ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αα္။
α αာαီ α αိαα ္αြα္ αα α₯αာ αα္αားαားႏွα့္ ေαြ ့αံုα α₯္ ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αα္။
" αာαα့္ αΎαားျαα္ေαြးေαာα္αြဲ αွာ αြα္αα္ျαီး ααားαွ်α αဲ့ ေαြးေαာα္αြဲ
ျαα ္αα္αိုαα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘αြα္ α်ားα ြာ α‘αြα့္α‘αα္းေαာα္းေαြ ααာαα္αို ့ေျαာαα္။ αိုα့္αα္ααα္း ααိေαးαိုα္αα္။ αို ့αဲ ့ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαာ αြα္αα္ျαီးααားαွ်ααဲ့ ေαြးေαာα္αြဲ ျαα ္ααα္။
ေα ာα့္αΎαα့္αါ၊ α‘ေျαာ ααုα္αူး၊ α‘αုα္αဲ ့ေα ာα့္αΎαα့္αါαို ့ေျαာαဲ့αα္ " αု
αူαα¦းေαႊαα္း α ေαြ ့αံုျαီး ααာα္ α‘ေျαα‘ေααို ေျαာျαေαΎαာα္း ႏွα့္
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ၏ αူ ့α‘αြα့္α‘ေαးႏွα့္ αα္αα္၍αα္း αα α₯αာ αα္αားαားαွ UN αို αα္αα္ျαα ္ေαာေαΎαာα့္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွ ααα္းα‘α်α္α‘αα္α်ား αာေαာα္α ုα α္း
ααူαဲ့ျαα္းျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း αႊα္ေαာ္ααα္းေαာα္α ေαေαααါαီ α αα္ေα ့
ေα ့αα္αိုα္းαွာ ေαျαα္ေαာ္αွ ααα္းေαးαို ့αါαα္။
Source: ေααျαဴαာα်ာαα္
__________________________________________________________________
Credit :αα ္αူးαြα္
αα α₯αာαα္αာαားαဲ ့α αα္αΎαာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံααီးα α₯္ α‘αြα္းေαြ ့ αုံαα့္αူα်ားႏွα့္ ေαြαုံαဲ့ေααာ α‘α်ိα္α αား
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαို α αα္αΎαာααီးα
α₯္ α‘ျαα
္ ေαာα္αိွေααဲ့ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαိုα္αာ αုααααၢ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α‘αူးαိုα္α
ားαွα္ αα
α₯αာ ေαာαα္α‘ိုေαး αα္αာαားαာ αီαေαα ေαျαα္ေαာ္αွာ α‘α
ိုးαေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြ ေαြααံုαါαα္။ αα
α₯αာαα္αာαားαာ αႊα္ေαာ္αိုα္းα ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြαို ေαြααံုαိုααိွαဲ့α‘ျαα္ ႏို္္α္αံေαးαါαီαေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြ αူαႈα‘αဲြαα‘α
α္းေαြα αုαၢိဳα္ေαြαဲααα္း ေαြααα္αိုα αိααါαα္။ αα
α₯αာ ေαာαα္α‘ိုေαး αα္αာαား αဲ ့ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘αြα္းေαြ ့αုံαα့္αူα်ားႏွα့္ ေαြαုံαဲ့ေααာ α‘α်ိα္α
αား α‘ေαးα
ိα္αုိ ေα‘ာα္αွာαΎαα့္αႈႏိုα္αါαα္။
By Nurdin Hasan
Rohingya refugees in Aceh’s Dewantara subdistrict on Wednesday, after being rescued by local fishermen. The Rohingya often face economic and political pressure in their native Burma. (Antara Photo/Rahmad)
Banda Aceh. A total of 54 refugees stranded on the open sea off North Aceh were rescued by Acehnese fishermen on Wednesday.
The rescued people are all from the Burmese Muslim ethnic minority Rohingya, and are thought to have been en route to seek asylum in Australia when the motor on their wooden vessel broke down.
Jamali, a leader of a fishermen’s association in North Aceh’s Dewantara subdistrict, took part in the rescue, which was undertaken at about 2 p.m.
“Fishermen from Krueng Geukueh succeeded in evacuating the Rohingya from one wooden boat, which was damaged and its motor dead,” Jamali told journalists.
Once safely ashore, the asylum seekers were taken to nearby Blukat Teubai village, where they were accommodated in the annex of a mosque.
Dozens of villagers donated food and drink to the exhausted seafarers.
“Their condition was very concerning. A number of them were very weak from dehydration and hunger,” Jamali said. He added that the villagers intended to move them soon to the Krueng Geukueh port area.
Jamali said the Rohingya were lucky to have been spotted by fishermen who were working about 12 kilometers offshore.
“They saw a vessel full of passengers, just being washed back and forth on the waves. The boat’s passengers were calling out for help, food and water,” he said.
It was difficult for the rescuers and villagers to communicate with the refugees, with gestures being their only means of making themselves understood.
The police chief of North Aceh, Farid Bachtiar Efendi, could not be reached to confirm details of the rescue or provide information on authorities’ plans to deal with the 54 foreigners.
This is the fourth time that Rohingya refugees have been rescued in Acehnese waters.
On Jan. 7, 2009, a boat carrying 194 Rohingya was stranded near Sabang, and a month later, on Feb. 3, a further 198 were found in the waters off Idi Rayeuk in East Aceh. On Feb. 16 last year, a vessel carrying 129 Rohingya refugees was found near Laweueng in Aceh Besar.
The Rohingya leave Burma because of economic and political pressure, with those who take to the seas usually setting out for Australia or Malaysia.
If they are rescued in Indonesian waters, the Rohingya are normally processed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to determine their status. The UN agency then looks for a third-party nation willing to accept them.
There are 11 designated countries for refugee resettlement, but acceptance depends on recipient countries’ annual quotas.
Stranded Rohingyas rescued at sea
“Their condition was serious,” he told the newspaper. “A number of them were very weak. They saw a vessel full of passengers, just being washed back and forth on the waves. The boat’s passengers were calling out for help, food and water.”
Banda Aceh. A total of 54 refugees stranded on the open sea off North Aceh were rescued by Acehnese fishermen on Wednesday.
The rescued people are all from the Burmese Muslim ethnic minority Rohingya, and are thought to have been en route to seek asylum in Australia when the motor on their wooden vessel broke down.
Jamali, a leader of a fishermen’s association in North Aceh’s Dewantara subdistrict, took part in the rescue, which was undertaken at about 2 p.m.
“Fishermen from Krueng Geukueh succeeded in evacuating the Rohingya from one wooden boat, which was damaged and its motor dead,” Jamali told journalists.
Once safely ashore, the asylum seekers were taken to nearby Blukat Teubai village, where they were accommodated in the annex of a mosque.
Dozens of villagers donated food and drink to the exhausted seafarers.
“Their condition was very concerning. A number of them were very weak from dehydration and hunger,” Jamali said. He added that the villagers intended to move them soon to the Krueng Geukueh port area.
Jamali said the Rohingya were lucky to have been spotted by fishermen who were working about 12 kilometers offshore.
“They saw a vessel full of passengers, just being washed back and forth on the waves. The boat’s passengers were calling out for help, food and water,” he said.
It was difficult for the rescuers and villagers to communicate with the refugees, with gestures being their only means of making themselves understood.
The police chief of North Aceh, Farid Bachtiar Efendi, could not be reached to confirm details of the rescue or provide information on authorities’ plans to deal with the 54 foreigners.
This is the fourth time that Rohingya refugees have been rescued in Acehnese waters.
On Jan. 7, 2009, a boat carrying 194 Rohingya was stranded near Sabang, and a month later, on Feb. 3, a further 198 were found in the waters off Idi Rayeuk in East Aceh. On Feb. 16 last year, a vessel carrying 129 Rohingya refugees was found near Laweueng in Aceh Besar.
The Rohingya leave Burma because of economic and political pressure, with those who take to the seas usually setting out for Australia or Malaysia.
If they are rescued in Indonesian waters, the Rohingya are normally processed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to determine their status. The UN agency then looks for a third-party nation willing to accept them.
There are 11 designated countries for refugee resettlement, but acceptance depends on recipient countries’ annual quotas.
Source here
___________________________________________
Stranded Rohingyas rescued at sea
(Mizzima) – Fifty-four ethnic Rohingyas seeking to flee Burma were found adrift in the sea and rescued by Indonesian fisherman on Wednesday, according to the Jarkataglobe website.
 |
Hungry and dehydrated, the seafarers were crammed into one wooden boat whose motor broke down. |
The leader of a fishermen’s association in North Aceh’s Dewantara subdistrict who was involved in the rescue said the Rohingyas were about 12 miles off the coast. They were taken to a mosque in Blukat Teubai village, where villagers gave them food and shelter.
“Their condition was serious,” he told the newspaper. “A number of them were very weak. They saw a vessel full of passengers, just being washed back and forth on the waves. The boat’s passengers were calling out for help, food and water.”
There have been four known incidents in the past three years of Rohingya refugees rescued in Indonesian waters.
Many Rohingyas flee Burma, citing the lack of citizenship rights and economic and religious discrimination. They usually have hopes of settling in Malaysia or Australia.
Normally, if they are found at sea, they are handled by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, which then attempts to find a third-party country willing to accept them.
According to Amnesty International, the Muslim Rohingya people suffer from human rights violations under the Burmese junta since 1978, and many have fled to neighboring Bangladesh as a result.
"The Rohingyas freedom of movement is severely restricted and the vast majority of them have effectively been denied Burma citizenship. They are also subjected to various forms of extortion and arbitrary taxation; land confiscation; forced eviction and house destruction; and financial restrictions on marriage. Rohingyas continue to be used as forced labourers on roads and at military camps, although the amount of forced labour in northern Rakhine State has decreased over the last decade,” it said in a repot.
Starting in the 1990s, an estimated quarter of a million Rohingyas fled to Bangladesh. Many now live in refugee camps along the border, often in dire living conditions.
WRITTEN BY αႇျαα့္(αα္αုα္ααၠαိုα္)
αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္ (αααα)- here
ျαα္ေαာα္α ုျαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαာ္၏ ေαα္αα ္ααိုα္းαြα္ αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα αα αα္ေαααα္ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ ααိုα္းαႇα္αိုα္ ေαααα ္ေααျαα ္αα္။ αိုေαααြα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα¦းေαာα္ေαာ ααာႏိုα္αံေαးေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားႏႇα့္ αုိα္းαα္းαား ေαြးα်α္းαီေαာα္α်ား ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαα္ αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္αို αα္αႇα္ေαးαိုး၍ αြα္αα္ေαးαို α‘αူααြ ααူαΎααα္αူ၍ αိႏα·ိαာα္ α်αႇα္αဲ့αΎααα္။ αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္αα္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုααီးေαα αြα္းေαးα‘αြα္ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား ααီααြα္αα္း αေαာαူαီαဲ့ေαာ ααိα ာα်ဳα္ျαα ္αα္။
αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္ေαးαိုးαဲ့ေαာေα့ αα္ αα္α်ဲαααားαို့၏ ျαα္αာ ျαα္ααိုαာαြα္αα္ေαးေαးαΏαီး α်α္း၊ αα်α္၊ αႇα္း α ေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαို α်α္αႇα္αားαα္ αΎαံα α္αဲ့αႈαို αα္ααံαဲ ျαα္αႏႇα့္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαားαိုα၏ α‘αူααြ ေα‘းα‘αူαူα‘αွ် α₯ααြဲαိုα္αα်α္αဲ αြα္αα္ေαးαူαα္αူေαာ α‘αိုα္α‘αာ αံုးျαα္α်α္α်αဲ့αα့္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုေααျαα ္αα္။ αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္ α်ဳα္αိုႏိုα္αဲ့ေαာ ေα‘ာα္ျαα္αႈαα္ ျαα္αာ့ေαါα္းေαာα္αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္းα‘ား αုိα္းαα္းαားαူα်ဳိးα်ား၏ αံုαΎαα္α ိα္α် ေαးα ားျαα္ႏိုးα‘ားαိုးαႈαို ျαααႈαႇα္ေα်ာα္ျαα ္αα္။
αααα αုႏႇα ္ αΎααုα္α αα αα္ေαααြα္ α်α္းααဲ့ေαာ ေααူαိα္α‘α α္းα‘ေαးαြဲααီး၏ ααဲαα္ ေαာα္းαိုα်α္α‘α αα္α်ဲαα‘α ိုးααα္ αြα္αα္ေαးα‘αြα္ေαြးေႏြးαα္ ျαα္αာαိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ားαို αိα္ေαααα္။ αααα αုႏႇα ္ αီαα္αာααြα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္း ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαာ ျαα္αာαိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ားαα္ α‘αၤαα္ႏိုα္αံ αα္αα္αΏαိဳααိုα αြားေαာα္αဲ့၍ αα္းαα္းαα္α‘α္ααီႏႇα့္ ေαြးေႏြးαα္။ αα္α်ဲαα‘α ိုးααα္ ျαα္αာျαα္αို αြα္αα္ေαး αေαးαျαα ္ ေαးααွ်α္ αႇα္းျαα္α ေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαို αြα္αα္ေαးαေαးαိုαဲ α်ဳα္αိုα္αားαိုαα္။
αααα αုႏႇα ္αြα္ αΏαိαိα်α‘α ိုးα၏ ျαα္αာျαα္αိုα္αာ α‘αြα္းαα္ ေα‘αာαီαα္ α‘ိႏα΅ိααြα္αႇိေαာ ျαα္αာျαα္αုαα္αံ ေαααα္α αα ္α α‘α ီαα္αံα ာαα္αြα္းαာ၌ ျαα္αာျαα္αို αြα္αα္ေαးေαးααα့္ α‘ေျαα‘ေααိုα ေαာα္ေαာα‘αါ αΏαိαိ αွ်α‘α ိုးα၏ αာαြα္ေαးα ီးαြားေαးαα္αႇαΎαα့္αွ်α္ ေαာα္αα္းေαααို αΏαိαိαွ်αα္ေα‘ာα္၌ α‘ႏႇα ္ αα αွ်αားαႇαα့္αα္ျαα ္αα္။ ေαာα္αα္းေαααို αΏαိαိα်αိုαα αိα္းαိα္းαားαα္ α‘αူးαိုα‘α္αα္αူ၍ αα္ျααဲ့αα္။
αို့ေαΎαာα့္αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα¦းေαာα္ေαာ ျαα္αာαိုα္α ားαႇα္α‘αြဲααα္ αြα္αα္ေαးα‘αြα္ α‘αၤαα္ႏိုα္αံ αα္αα္ (αိαα္)αြα္ ေαြးေႏြးေαα α₯္αြα္ αΏαိαိαွ်ႏႇα့္ αΏαိαိαွ်α‘αိုေαာ္αိα်ားαα္ ေαာα္αိုα္းαႇ ေαာα္αα္းႏႇα့္ ျαα္ααိုေαြး αြဲαα္ α‘ားαုα္αΎαံα α္ေαာα္αြα္αႈ ျαဳαဲ့αα္။
αα္α်ဲααα္αါးေα αိုααα္ ႏူးαြα္αြα္ေαာ ေα ာ္αြားα‘α်ဳိααုိ ေαြးαြဲαြဲေαာα္αဲ့αα္။ αα္α်ဲααα္αါးေα αိုα၏ α αားαို αားေαာα္αံုαြα္αိေαာ ေα ာ္αြားα‘α်ဳိααα္ αΏαိαိα်αα္းαα္းαα္ α‘α္ααီαံαိုα 'ααုေαာα္αႇိေαေαာ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ αြα½ႏ္ုα္αိုα αႇα္းျαα္ေα ာ္αြားα်ား၏ αိုα္α ားαႇα္ααုα္။ ေαာα္αα္းαα္α်ားαိα α₯αို ေαြးေႏြးαα္αႇိαါαွ်α္ αြα½ႏ္ုα္αိုαေα ာ္αြားα်ားα‘ား αီးαα္α αိα္ေααေαြးေႏြးေα αိုαါαα္' αူ၍ ေαΎαးαα္းαα ္ေα ာα္ αိုα္ေαးαိုααဲ့αα္။ αိုေαΎαးαα္းα ာαို αα္းαα္းαα္ α‘α္ααီαα္αံααႇိေαာα‘αါ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαိုျαα၍ ''αα္αိုαဲေα‘ာα္αα္း'' αု ျαံဳးα α ႏႇα့္ ααဲαα αားαိုαα္။ α‘ေျαα‘ေαα‘ားαံုးαို α‘α α‘αံုးαိαားαΏαီးျαα ္ေαာ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα αူးαူးျαားျαားα‘ေျααေαးαဲ ႏႈα္αိα္ေααဲ့αα္။
αိုα‘α်ိα္αြα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαြα္ αႇိေαေαာ α-α-α-α ေαါα္းေαာα္αိုα၏ ααိဳးαα္းေαာα္αြα္αႈျαα့္ ႏူးαြα္αြα္ေαာ ေα ာ္αြားα‘α်ဳိα၏ ေαΎαးαα္းαိုα္αΏαီး ေαာα္αα ္ေαα၌ ေαာα္ααီးαΏαိဳααြα္ αူαုα α္းေαးαြဲ၊ α‘α္α‘ားျααြဲααီးαို α်α္းααဲ့αα္။ αိုα‘α α္းα‘ေαးαြဲααီးαႇ αူαုαံုးျαα္α်α္α်ားαို αα္းαα္းαα္ α‘α္ααီαံαိုα ေαΎαးαα္းαိုα္ေαးαိုααဲ့αα္။ αိုေαΎαးαα္းα ာαြα္ 'ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαα္ ααာαိုαႏႇα့္α‘αူ αြα္αα္ေαးααိုαါαα္။
αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαိုα၏ αိုαားα်α္αို ေαးေαးαα္αα္ ေαာα္αံαါαα္' αူ၍ေαာ္ျααားαα္။ αα္းαα္းαα္α‘α္ααီαα္ ေαΎαးαα္းα ာႏႇα ္ေα ာα္ေαΎαာα့္ ေαြေααြားαဲ့αα္။ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα ေαာα္αα္းေααααါေαာ αြα္αα္ေαးαα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘αြα္ α‘αိααΈာα္αႇိေαာ αြα္αα္ေαးααုα္αု αα္ျα၍ ေαာα္αα္းေαααို ျαα္αာျαα္αႏႇα့္α‘αူ αြα္αα္ေαးေαးαα္ ေαာα္းαိုαဲ့αα္။ αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးααα္ α‘αြα္ααူ α‘ေα်ာ့αေαးαဲ ααိαာα္ျαα့္ ေαာα္αα္းေαααား αိုα၏ αႏα΅αို ααူαα္αိုα‘α္ေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαိုαာαဲ့αα္။
αααα αုႏႇα ္ αα္ααါαီα αα αα္ေαααြα္ α်ဳα္αိုαဲ့ေαာ ေα‘ာα္αα္း-α‘α္ααီ α ာα်ဳα္αြα္ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားα ျαα္αααီးႏႇα့္αူးေαါα္းαα္ αေαာαူαါα ျαα္αααီးေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαါ αြα္αα္ေαးေαးαα္၊ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαါαα္ေαာ αြα္ααα့္α‘α α္းα‘ ေαးαႇ αံုးျαα္α်α္α‘α၊ ေαာα္αα္းေαααားαိုα၏ αုα္ေαာ္ေျαာျαα်α္α‘α αΏαိαိαွ်ႏႇα့္ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααိုαα ၎αိုα၏αႏα΅ႏႇα့္ αိုα္ေα်ာαီေαြα ြာ ေαာα္αြα္αα္αူေαာ α‘α်α္αို αα့္αြα္းα်ဳα္αိုαဲ့αα္။
ေαေαာ္αါαီα α αα္ေαααႇ α αα္ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့ေαာ αα္αံုαီαာαံααီးαြα္ ေαာα္αα္းေαααႇိ αိုα္းαα္းαားαူα်ဳိးα်ားαα္ ျαα္αာ(αα)ႏႇα့္ αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ျαα္းα‘ားျαα့္ αြα္αα္ေαးαို αိုαိုα်α္ျαα္α ြာ ααႇိαα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ျαα္αာ(ααာ)αူα်ဳိးα်ားααႇိαံα ားααα့္ α‘α်ဳိးαံα ားαြα့္ႏႇα့္α‘αီ αႇα္း၊ α်α္း၊ αα်α္၊ ααα္ α ေαာ αုိα္းαα္းαား αူα်ဳိးα ုα်ားαα္αα္း ααႇိαံα ားααα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း . . .
αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα α αα္ေαααြα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ ျαα္αာျαα္αိုα ျαα္αα္ေαာα္αႇိαာαဲ့αα္။ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ ျαα္αာျαα္αိုαေαာα္αွ်α္ေαာα္α်α္းαα္ ျαα္αα္ႏႇα့္ ျαα္αေαြး α α္းαီαြα္ေαးαို α‘ျαα္းα‘ αα္ ααိဳးα ားေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αα္။ αα်ိα္αα္းαႇာαα္ αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးα၏ αူαံုေαာ္ ααααာα αုαိαα‘αြα္းαα္ αα α₯αာေαာ္αြα္αီααီးαႇဴးေαာα‘αြဲαααα္း ျαα္αα္ႏႇα့္ ျαα္ααြဲျαားေαး α‘α ီα‘α α₯္ေα‘ာα္ျαα္ αα္α‘α ြα္းαုα္ αုα္αိုα္ေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αΎααα္။
αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ α‘αၤαα္ႏိုα္αံ αα္αα္(αိαα္)αိုα ααြားαီα‘α်ိα္ααα္ αααα αုႏႇα ္ αα္ααါαီα၌ αα္αုα္αΏαိဳα ေαႊαိαံုαုα္းေαာ္ α‘αα္αα α₯αံαြα္ α-α-α-α αီαာαံαα ္αα္α်α္းααဲ့αΏαီး ျαα္αာ့αြα္αα္ေαးααိဳးαα္းαႈαြα္αုိα္းαα္း αားα‘ားαံုးαα္αြဲေαာα္αြα္αα္ α‘αူααြ αြα္αα္ေαာ ျαα္ေαာα္α ု αူေαာα္αα္ αံုးျαα္αဲ့αα္။ αα္းαံုးျαα္α်α္α‘α αααα αုႏႇα ္ αα္ααါαီααြα္ ျαα္αာ့ႏိုα္αံေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားျαα ္αΎαေαာ ααα္ႏု၊ α¦းαα်α္း၊ αα္းααိုα္αိုααα္ αα္αံုαΏαိဳααြα္α်α္းααဲ့αα့္ ေα ာ္αြားα်ား αီαာαံαိုα αα္ေαာα္α α္းαံုးေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αα္။ αααα αုႏႇα ္ ႏိုαα္αာααႇα αα္၍ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαိုα္αိုα္ αα္ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαိုα αႇα့္αα္၍ α α္းαံုးေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αα္။ αααα αုႏႇα ္ αီαα္αာα αα αα္ေαααြα္ ေαာα္αα္းαူαုα α္းေαးαြဲααီး၌ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္'ေαြးαα္းαားαα္း αα္းαα္းα်ာα်ာαႇိααα္' αူ၍ ေαာαΎαားαα္းαႊα္αဲ့αα္။
αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα α αα္ေαααႇα αα္၍ αα္αံုαΏαိဳααြα္ αα္αံုαီαာαံααီးαို α်α္းααဲ့αα္။ ျαα္αာျαα္ααႇ α-α-α-α α‘αြဲα ααီး၏ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ားα‘ျαα ္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္း၊ α¦းαα္αြα္၊ αိုα္αα္ေαာα္αေαး၊ αႇα္းျαα္αα္ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ားα‘ျαα ္ ေαာα္ေαႊ ေα ာ္αြားα α္ေαႊαိုα္ႏႇα့္ αိုα္းαြα္ေα ာ္αြား၊αα်α္αα္αိုα္α ားαႇα္α‘ျαα ္ ααားαူးαါးαα္αါးေαာα္၊ α်α္းαα္αိုα္α ားαႇα္α‘ျαα ္ α¦းαα္းαိုေαာ၊ αူαုαိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ αဲေαာ္αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ ေα်ာα္းαားႏႇα့္ αူαα္αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ ααα္းα ာαိုα္α်ားαႇ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ αိုαႇα္αα ္αါαီαႇ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ ααံုα¦းαႇေα၊ ေα ာα ံေαးႏႇα့္ α¦းα်α ္αီးαိုααα္ ေα့αာαူα‘ျαα ္ αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αΎααα္။ αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးααα္αႇ αိုαီαီαံαိုα္αာα‘αြα္း αα္ေαာ့αြα္ေα၊ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαα္ျαားေαααိုα္αာ αα္းααီးαα α₯αာα αီαα္αα္ႏႇα့္ α‘αာαႇိααီးαα္α်ား αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αΎααα္။ αာαααိုα္αႇ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား ααα္ေαာα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ေα။
ေαေαာ္αါαီα α αα္ေαααႇ α αα္ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့ေαာ αα္αံုαီαာαံααီးαြα္ ေαာα္αα္းေαααႇိ αိုα္းαα္းαားαူα်ဳိးα်ားαα္ ျαα္αာ(ααာ) ႏႇα့္ αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ျαα္းα‘ားျαα့္ αြα္αα္ေαးαိုαိုαိုα်α္ျαα္α ြာ ααႇိαα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ျαα္αာ (ααာ) αူα်ဳိးα်ားααႇိαံα ားααα့္ α‘ α်ဳိးαံα ားαြα့္ႏႇα့္α‘αီ αႇα္း၊ α်α္း၊ αα်α္၊ ααα္α ေαာαုိα္းαα္းαား αူα်ဳိးα ုα်ားαα္αα္းααႇိαံα ားααα္ ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း α‘ေျαα‘αα္αႇိိႏိႈα္း ေαြးေႏြးαΎααα္။αို့ေαာ္ αα္α်ဲαα‘α ိုးα၏ α ေαာα၊ αα္α်ဳိαူးαα္αႈαေαာα ေαΎαာα့္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα αα αα္ေα့ αိုα္ေα‘ာα္ αΏαီးျαα္ျαα္းααႇိαဲ့ေα။ ေαေαာ္αါαီα αα αα္ေαααြα္ ေα ာ္αြားα‘α်ဳိα၏ αိုαားα်α္၊ ေαာα္းαံαႊာαα္ αိုαိုαီαံα‘αြα္းαα္ေαာ္ αြα္ေααံαႇαα ္αα့္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္းαံαိုα ေαာα္αႇိαာαဲ့αα္။ αိုေαααႇာαα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ ααုαာေαါαျαα့္ αူ၏αေαာαားျαα ္ေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααႏႇα့္ ျαα္αααီးαိုα αီαီαြα္αြα္ αူးေαါα္းαΎααα္ αိα္ααြα္းαို ''αα္α်ားαိုα ေαာα္αα္းေαααို ျαα္αာ(ααာ)αဲαα‘αူ αြα္αα္ေα α်α္αα္။ αα္αူααြα½α္αႇ αျαα ္ေα α်α္αူး။ α်ဳα္αိုααဲααြα½α္αα္းαျαα ္ေα α်α္αူး'' αူ၍ ျαα္ျαα္αားαား αိα္ααΎαားαဲ့αα္။
αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္း၏ ေα ααာαို ေαးα ားျαα္ႏိုး αံုαΎαα္αα္αိုးαားαΎαေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααေαါα္းေαာα္ααီးα်ားαα္ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားႏႇα့္ ျαα္αααီးαိုαူးေαါα္း၍ αေαာαူαီαဲ့αΎααα္။ αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီααို α‘ေျααံေαာ αြα္αα္ေαးαုိα္αြဲαα္ αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္ααီးαို ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαိုα္α ားαႇα္ αα α¦းႏႇα့္ ααααာα αုαိαα‘αြα္းαα္ αα α₯αာေαာ္αြα္ေαα ေαာ αΏαိαိαွ်αိုα္α ားαႇα္αိုα၏ ေαႇαေαႇာα္αြα္ αα္αႇα္ေαးαုိးαဲ့αα္။ αα္ αံုα ာα်ဳα္αို αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား α α္းαံုးαီαြα္α ြာα ု ေαါα္းαα္αႇα္ေαးαိုးαဲ့αΎαေαာ αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα αα αα္ ေαααα္ ျαα္αာα္α ုျαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαာ္၏ ေαα္αα ္ααုိα္း၌ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ ααုိα္းαႇα္αα္းαα္ 'ျαα္ေαာα္α ုေαα' α‘ျαα ္ ααိုα္းαုα္ျαα္αα့္αα္α ြာ αα္αα္α်α္αႇိေααα္။
αα္αံုαီαာαံαα္ αΏαိαိαွ်αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၏ α်α္α ိေα‘ာα္αြα္ α‘αα္α‘αႇား α်α္းααဲ့ျαα္းျαα ္αα္။ αα္αႇိဳးေαာα္၊ ေαါα္းαိα္ျαα္းααုα္ေαΎαာα္းαို αΏαိαိαွ်αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား α‘ျαα္α‘ေαြααα္ျαα ္αα္။ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းႏႇα့္α‘αူ ေα ာ္αြားα်ားα‘αါα‘αα္ αိုα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား ααီααြα္αα္း α ုα α္းαα္αα္ေαေαΎαာα္းαို α‘αိα‘αα္းαα္ေαျααဲ့ေαာ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ ααုိα္းαα္ေαα၊ ααုိα္းαα္ျαα ္ αα္ျαα ္αα္။ αိုαေαΎαာα့္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုေαααα္ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ၊ αိုα္းαα္းαားα α္းαံုးαီαြα္αႈ α‘α α₯္α‘αာααီးαားေαာ ေαααူးေααျαα္ျαα ္αα္။ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုααီး α‘αြα္ααႇα္ αα္αံ့αိုα္ျαဲေαးα‘αြα္ ျαα္αူα‘ားαံုးαα္ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ αα္αံုα‘α α₯္α‘αာαို ေαးα ားαိုα္αာ αိα္းαိα္းေα ာα့္ ေαႇာα္ααα္ျαα ္αα္။
α်α္းαိုး -
α။ ျαα္αာ့ေαးαာαုααေααာ (ေαာα္ααိα)
α။ α‘ေαးα‘ျαα္ျαဳα‘α္αα့္ αα္αံုα‘α α₯္α‘αာ (α‘ေαြးα‘ျαα္ αααα ေαေαာ္αါαီα) ေαါα္းααီး
Written by αႇျαα့္(αα္αုα္ααၠαိုα္)
Source here
αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္ (αααα)- here
ျαα္ေαာα္α ုျαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαာ္၏ ေαα္αα ္ααိုα္းαြα္ αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα αα αα္ေαααα္ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ ααိုα္းαႇα္αိုα္ ေαααα ္ေααျαα ္αα္။ αိုေαααြα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα¦းေαာα္ေαာ ααာႏိုα္αံေαးေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားႏႇα့္ αုိα္းαα္းαား ေαြးα်α္းαီေαာα္α်ား ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαα္ αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္αို αα္αႇα္ေαးαိုး၍ αြα္αα္ေαးαို α‘αူααြ ααူαΎααα္αူ၍ αိႏα·ိαာα္ α်αႇα္αဲ့αΎααα္။ αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္αα္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုααီးေαα αြα္းေαးα‘αြα္ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား ααီααြα္αα္း αေαာαူαီαဲ့ေαာ ααိα ာα်ဳα္ျαα ္αα္။
αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္ေαးαိုးαဲ့ေαာေα့ αα္ αα္α်ဲαααားαို့၏ ျαα္αာ ျαα္ααိုαာαြα္αα္ေαးေαးαΏαီး α်α္း၊ αα်α္၊ αႇα္း α ေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαို α်α္αႇα္αားαα္ αΎαံα α္αဲ့αႈαို αα္ααံαဲ ျαα္αႏႇα့္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαားαိုα၏ α‘αူααြ ေα‘းα‘αူαူα‘αွ် α₯ααြဲαိုα္αα်α္αဲ αြα္αα္ေαးαူαα္αူေαာ α‘αိုα္α‘αာ αံုးျαα္α်α္α်αဲ့αα့္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုေααျαα ္αα္။ αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္ α်ဳα္αိုႏိုα္αဲ့ေαာ ေα‘ာα္ျαα္αႈαα္ ျαα္αာ့ေαါα္းေαာα္αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္းα‘ား αုိα္းαα္းαားαူα်ဳိးα်ား၏ αံုαΎαα္α ိα္α် ေαးα ားျαα္ႏိုးα‘ားαိုးαႈαို ျαααႈαႇα္ေα်ာα္ျαα ္αα္။
αααα αုႏႇα ္ αΎααုα္α αα αα္ေαααြα္ α်α္းααဲ့ေαာ ေααူαိα္α‘α α္းα‘ေαးαြဲααီး၏ ααဲαα္ ေαာα္းαိုα်α္α‘α αα္α်ဲαα‘α ိုးααα္ αြα္αα္ေαးα‘αြα္ေαြးေႏြးαα္ ျαα္αာαိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ားαို αိα္ေαααα္။ αααα αုႏႇα ္ αီαα္αာααြα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္း ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαာ ျαα္αာαိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ားαα္ α‘αၤαα္ႏိုα္αံ αα္αα္αΏαိဳααိုα αြားေαာα္αဲ့၍ αα္းαα္းαα္α‘α္ααီႏႇα့္ ေαြးေႏြးαα္။ αα္α်ဲαα‘α ိုးααα္ ျαα္αာျαα္αို αြα္αα္ေαး αေαးαျαα ္ ေαးααွ်α္ αႇα္းျαα္α ေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαို αြα္αα္ေαးαေαးαိုαဲ α်ဳα္αိုα္αားαိုαα္။
αααα αုႏႇα ္αြα္ αΏαိαိα်α‘α ိုးα၏ ျαα္αာျαα္αိုα္αာ α‘αြα္းαα္ ေα‘αာαီαα္ α‘ိႏα΅ိααြα္αႇိေαာ ျαα္αာျαα္αုαα္αံ ေαααα္α αα ္α α‘α ီαα္αံα ာαα္αြα္းαာ၌ ျαα္αာျαα္αို αြα္αα္ေαးေαးααα့္ α‘ေျαα‘ေααိုα ေαာα္ေαာα‘αါ αΏαိαိ αွ်α‘α ိုးα၏ αာαြα္ေαးα ီးαြားေαးαα္αႇαΎαα့္αွ်α္ ေαာα္αα္းေαααို αΏαိαိαွ်αα္ေα‘ာα္၌ α‘ႏႇα ္ αα αွ်αားαႇαα့္αα္ျαα ္αα္။ ေαာα္αα္းေαααို αΏαိαိα်αိုαα αိα္းαိα္းαားαα္ α‘αူးαိုα‘α္αα္αူ၍ αα္ျααဲ့αα္။
αို့ေαΎαာα့္αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα¦းေαာα္ေαာ ျαα္αာαိုα္α ားαႇα္α‘αြဲααα္ αြα္αα္ေαးα‘αြα္ α‘αၤαα္ႏိုα္αံ αα္αα္ (αိαα္)αြα္ ေαြးေႏြးေαα α₯္αြα္ αΏαိαိαွ်ႏႇα့္ αΏαိαိαွ်α‘αိုေαာ္αိα်ားαα္ ေαာα္αိုα္းαႇ ေαာα္αα္းႏႇα့္ ျαα္ααိုေαြး αြဲαα္ α‘ားαုα္αΎαံα α္ေαာα္αြα္αႈ ျαဳαဲ့αα္။
αα္α်ဲααα္αါးေα αိုααα္ ႏူးαြα္αြα္ေαာ ေα ာ္αြားα‘α်ဳိααုိ ေαြးαြဲαြဲေαာα္αဲ့αα္။ αα္α်ဲααα္αါးေα αိုα၏ α αားαို αားေαာα္αံုαြα္αိေαာ ေα ာ္αြားα‘α်ဳိααα္ αΏαိαိα်αα္းαα္းαα္ α‘α္ααီαံαိုα 'ααုေαာα္αႇိေαေαာ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ αြα½ႏ္ုα္αိုα αႇα္းျαα္ေα ာ္αြားα်ား၏ αိုα္α ားαႇα္ααုα္။ ေαာα္αα္းαα္α်ားαိα α₯αို ေαြးေႏြးαα္αႇိαါαွ်α္ αြα½ႏ္ုα္αိုαေα ာ္αြားα်ားα‘ား αီးαα္α αိα္ေααေαြးေႏြးေα αိုαါαα္' αူ၍ ေαΎαးαα္းαα ္ေα ာα္ αိုα္ေαးαိုααဲ့αα္။ αိုေαΎαးαα္းα ာαို αα္းαα္းαα္ α‘α္ααီαα္αံααႇိေαာα‘αါ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαိုျαα၍ ''αα္αိုαဲေα‘ာα္αα္း'' αု ျαံဳးα α ႏႇα့္ ααဲαα αားαိုαα္။ α‘ေျαα‘ေαα‘ားαံုးαို α‘α α‘αံုးαိαားαΏαီးျαα ္ေαာ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα αူးαူးျαားျαားα‘ေျααေαးαဲ ႏႈα္αိα္ေααဲ့αα္။
αိုα‘α်ိα္αြα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαြα္ αႇိေαေαာ α-α-α-α ေαါα္းေαာα္αိုα၏ ααိဳးαα္းေαာα္αြα္αႈျαα့္ ႏူးαြα္αြα္ေαာ ေα ာ္αြားα‘α်ဳိα၏ ေαΎαးαα္းαိုα္αΏαီး ေαာα္αα ္ေαα၌ ေαာα္ααီးαΏαိဳααြα္ αူαုα α္းေαးαြဲ၊ α‘α္α‘ားျααြဲααီးαို α်α္းααဲ့αα္။ αိုα‘α α္းα‘ေαးαြဲααီးαႇ αူαုαံုးျαα္α်α္α်ားαို αα္းαα္းαα္ α‘α္ααီαံαိုα ေαΎαးαα္းαိုα္ေαးαိုααဲ့αα္။ αိုေαΎαးαα္းα ာαြα္ 'ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαα္ ααာαိုαႏႇα့္α‘αူ αြα္αα္ေαးααိုαါαα္။
αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαိုα၏ αိုαားα်α္αို ေαးေαးαα္αα္ ေαာα္αံαါαα္' αူ၍ေαာ္ျααားαα္။ αα္းαα္းαα္α‘α္ααီαα္ ေαΎαးαα္းα ာႏႇα ္ေα ာα္ေαΎαာα့္ ေαြေααြားαဲ့αα္။ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα ေαာα္αα္းေααααါေαာ αြα္αα္ေαးαα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံα‘αြα္ α‘αိααΈာα္αႇိေαာ αြα္αα္ေαးααုα္αု αα္ျα၍ ေαာα္αα္းေαααို ျαα္αာျαα္αႏႇα့္α‘αူ αြα္αα္ေαးေαးαα္ ေαာα္းαိုαဲ့αα္။ αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးααα္ α‘αြα္ααူ α‘ေα်ာ့αေαးαဲ ααိαာα္ျαα့္ ေαာα္αα္းေαααား αိုα၏ αႏα΅αို ααူαα္αိုα‘α္ေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαိုαာαဲ့αα္။
αααα αုႏႇα ္ αα္ααါαီα αα αα္ေαααြα္ α်ဳα္αိုαဲ့ေαာ ေα‘ာα္αα္း-α‘α္ααီ α ာα်ဳα္αြα္ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားα ျαα္αααီးႏႇα့္αူးေαါα္းαα္ αေαာαူαါα ျαα္αααီးေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαါ αြα္αα္ေαးေαးαα္၊ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαါαα္ေαာ αြα္ααα့္α‘α α္းα‘ ေαးαႇ αံုးျαα္α်α္α‘α၊ ေαာα္αα္းေαααားαိုα၏ αုα္ေαာ္ေျαာျαα်α္α‘α αΏαိαိαွ်ႏႇα့္ ျαα္αာα‘α ိုးααိုαα ၎αိုα၏αႏα΅ႏႇα့္ αိုα္ေα်ာαီေαြα ြာ ေαာα္αြα္αα္αူေαာ α‘α်α္αို αα့္αြα္းα်ဳα္αိုαဲ့αα္။
ေαေαာ္αါαီα α αα္ေαααႇ α αα္ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့ေαာ αα္αံုαီαာαံααီးαြα္ ေαာα္αα္းေαααႇိ αိုα္းαα္းαားαူα်ဳိးα်ားαα္ ျαα္αာ(αα)ႏႇα့္ αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ျαα္းα‘ားျαα့္ αြα္αα္ေαးαို αိုαိုα်α္ျαα္α ြာ ααႇိαα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ျαα္αာ(ααာ)αူα်ဳိးα်ားααႇိαံα ားααα့္ α‘α်ဳိးαံα ားαြα့္ႏႇα့္α‘αီ αႇα္း၊ α်α္း၊ αα်α္၊ ααα္ α ေαာ αုိα္းαα္းαား αူα်ဳိးα ုα်ားαα္αα္း ααႇိαံα ားααα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း . . .
αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα α αα္ေαααြα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ ျαα္αာျαα္αိုα ျαα္αα္ေαာα္αႇိαာαဲ့αα္။ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ ျαα္αာျαα္αိုαေαာα္αွ်α္ေαာα္α်α္းαα္ ျαα္αα္ႏႇα့္ ျαα္αေαြး α α္းαီαြα္ေαးαို α‘ျαα္းα‘ αα္ ααိဳးα ားေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αα္။ αα်ိα္αα္းαႇာαα္ αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးα၏ αူαံုေαာ္ ααααာα αုαိαα‘αြα္းαα္ αα α₯αာေαာ္αြα္αီααီးαႇဴးေαာα‘αြဲαααα္း ျαα္αα္ႏႇα့္ ျαα္ααြဲျαားေαး α‘α ီα‘α α₯္ေα‘ာα္ျαα္ αα္α‘α ြα္းαုα္ αုα္αိုα္ေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αΎααα္။
αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ α‘αၤαα္ႏိုα္αံ αα္αα္(αိαα္)αိုα ααြားαီα‘α်ိα္ααα္ αααα αုႏႇα ္ αα္ααါαီα၌ αα္αုα္αΏαိဳα ေαႊαိαံုαုα္းေαာ္ α‘αα္αα α₯αံαြα္ α-α-α-α αီαာαံαα ္αα္α်α္းααဲ့αΏαီး ျαα္αာ့αြα္αα္ေαးααိဳးαα္းαႈαြα္αုိα္းαα္း αားα‘ားαံုးαα္αြဲေαာα္αြα္αα္ α‘αူααြ αြα္αα္ေαာ ျαα္ေαာα္α ု αူေαာα္αα္ αံုးျαα္αဲ့αα္။ αα္းαံုးျαα္α်α္α‘α αααα αုႏႇα ္ αα္ααါαီααြα္ ျαα္αာ့ႏိုα္αံေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားျαα ္αΎαေαာ ααα္ႏု၊ α¦းαα်α္း၊ αα္းααိုα္αိုααα္ αα္αံုαΏαိဳααြα္α်α္းααဲ့αα့္ ေα ာ္αြားα်ား αီαာαံαိုα αα္ေαာα္α α္းαံုးေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αα္။ αααα αုႏႇα ္ ႏိုαα္αာααႇα αα္၍ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαိုα္αိုα္ αα္ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားαိုα αႇα့္αα္၍ α α္းαံုးေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αα္။ αααα αုႏႇα ္ αီαα္αာα αα αα္ေαααြα္ ေαာα္αα္းαူαုα α္းေαးαြဲααီး၌ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္'ေαြးαα္းαားαα္း αα္းαα္းα်ာα်ာαႇိααα္' αူ၍ ေαာαΎαားαα္းαႊα္αဲ့αα္။
αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα α αα္ေαααႇα αα္၍ αα္αံုαΏαိဳααြα္ αα္αံုαီαာαံααီးαို α်α္းααဲ့αα္။ ျαα္αာျαα္ααႇ α-α-α-α α‘αြဲα ααီး၏ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ားα‘ျαα ္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္း၊ α¦းαα္αြα္၊ αိုα္αα္ေαာα္αေαး၊ αႇα္းျαα္αα္ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ားα‘ျαα ္ ေαာα္ေαႊ ေα ာ္αြားα α္ေαႊαိုα္ႏႇα့္ αိုα္းαြα္ေα ာ္αြား၊αα်α္αα္αိုα္α ားαႇα္α‘ျαα ္ ααားαူးαါးαα္αါးေαာα္၊ α်α္းαα္αိုα္α ားαႇα္α‘ျαα ္ α¦းαα္းαိုေαာ၊ αူαုαိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ αဲေαာ္αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ ေα်ာα္းαားႏႇα့္ αူαα္αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ ααα္းα ာαိုα္α်ားαႇ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ αိုαႇα္αα ္αါαီαႇ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၊ ααံုα¦းαႇေα၊ ေα ာα ံေαးႏႇα့္ α¦းα်α ္αီးαိုααα္ ေα့αာαူα‘ျαα ္ αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αΎααα္။ αΏαိαိαွ်α‘α ိုးααα္αႇ αိုαီαီαံαိုα္αာα‘αြα္း αα္ေαာ့αြα္ေα၊ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαα္ျαားေαααိုα္αာ αα္းααီးαα α₯αာα αီαα္αα္ႏႇα့္ α‘αာαႇိααီးαα္α်ား αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αΎααα္။ αာαααိုα္αႇ αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား ααα္ေαာα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ေα။
ေαေαာ္αါαီα α αα္ေαααႇ α αα္ေαြးေႏြးαဲ့ေαာ αα္αံုαီαာαံααီးαြα္ ေαာα္αα္းေαααႇိ αိုα္းαα္းαားαူα်ဳိးα်ားαα္ ျαα္αာ(ααာ) ႏႇα့္ αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္ျαα္းα‘ားျαα့္ αြα္αα္ေαးαိုαိုαိုα်α္ျαα္α ြာ ααႇိαα္ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း ျαα္αာ (ααာ) αူα်ဳိးα်ားααႇိαံα ားααα့္ α‘ α်ဳိးαံα ားαြα့္ႏႇα့္α‘αီ αႇα္း၊ α်α္း၊ αα်α္၊ ααα္α ေαာαုိα္းαα္းαား αူα်ဳိးα ုα်ားαα္αα္းααႇိαံα ားααα္ ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း α‘ေျαα‘αα္αႇိိႏိႈα္း ေαြးေႏြးαΎααα္။αို့ေαာ္ αα္α်ဲαα‘α ိုးα၏ α ေαာα၊ αα္α်ဳိαူးαα္αႈαေαာα ေαΎαာα့္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα αα αα္ေα့ αိုα္ေα‘ာα္ αΏαီးျαα္ျαα္းααႇိαဲ့ေα။ ေαေαာ္αါαီα αα αα္ေαααြα္ ေα ာ္αြားα‘α်ဳိα၏ αိုαားα်α္၊ ေαာα္းαံαႊာαα္ αိုαိုαီαံα‘αြα္းαα္ေαာ္ αြα္ေααံαႇαα ္αα့္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္းαံαိုα ေαာα္αႇိαာαဲ့αα္။ αိုေαααႇာαα္ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းαα္ ααုαာေαါαျαα့္ αူ၏αေαာαားျαα ္ေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααႏႇα့္ ျαα္αααီးαိုα αီαီαြα္αြα္ αူးေαါα္းαΎααα္ αိα္ααြα္းαို ''αα္α်ားαိုα ေαာα္αα္းေαααို ျαα္αာ(ααာ)αဲαα‘αူ αြα္αα္ေα α်α္αα္။ αα္αူααြα½α္αႇ αျαα ္ေα α်α္αူး။ α်ဳα္αိုααဲααြα½α္αα္းαျαα ္ေα α်α္αူး'' αူ၍ ျαα္ျαα္αားαား αိα္ααΎαားαဲ့αα္။
αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္း၏ ေα ααာαို ေαးα ားျαα္ႏိုး αံုαΎαα္αα္αိုးαားαΎαေαာ ေαာα္αα္းေααေαါα္းေαာα္ααီးα်ားαα္ ေαာα္αα္းေααα်ားႏႇα့္ ျαα္αααီးαိုαူးေαါα္း၍ αေαာαူαီαဲ့αΎααα္။ αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီααို α‘ေျααံေαာ αြα္αα္ေαးαုိα္αြဲαα္ αα္αံုα ာα်ဳα္ααီးαို ျαα္ေαာα္α ုαိုα္α ားαႇα္ αα α¦းႏႇα့္ ααααာα αုαိαα‘αြα္းαα္ αα α₯αာေαာ္αြα္ေαα ေαာ αΏαိαိαွ်αိုα္α ားαႇα္αိုα၏ ေαႇαေαႇာα္αြα္ αα္αႇα္ေαးαုိးαဲ့αα္။ αα္ αံုα ာα်ဳα္αို αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား α α္းαံုးαီαြα္α ြာα ု ေαါα္းαα္αႇα္ေαးαိုးαဲ့αΎαေαာ αααα αုႏႇα ္ ေαေαာ္αါαီα αα αα္ ေαααα္ ျαα္αာα္α ုျαα္αာႏိုα္αံေαာ္၏ ေαα္αα ္ααုိα္း၌ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ ααုိα္းαႇα္αα္းαα္ 'ျαα္ေαာα္α ုေαα' α‘ျαα ္ ααိုα္းαုα္ျαα္αα့္αα္α ြာ αα္αα္α်α္αႇိေααα္။
αα္αံုαီαာαံαα္ αΏαိαိαွ်αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား၏ α်α္α ိေα‘ာα္αြα္ α‘αα္α‘αႇား α်α္းααဲ့ျαα္းျαα ္αα္။ αα္αႇိဳးေαာα္၊ ေαါα္းαိα္ျαα္းααုα္ေαΎαာα္းαို αΏαိαိαွ်αိုα္α ားαႇα္α်ား α‘ျαα္α‘ေαြααα္ျαα ္αα္။ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းႏႇα့္α‘αူ ေα ာ္αြားα်ားα‘αါα‘αα္ αိုα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား ααီααြα္αα္း α ုα α္းαα္αα္ေαေαΎαာα္းαို α‘αိα‘αα္းαα္ေαျααဲ့ေαာ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ ααုိα္းαα္ေαα၊ ααုိα္းαα္ျαα ္ αα္ျαα ္αα္။ αိုαေαΎαာα့္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုေαααα္ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ၊ αိုα္းαα္းαားα α္းαံုးαီαြα္αႈ α‘α α₯္α‘αာααီးαားေαာ ေαααူးေααျαα္ျαα ္αα္။ ျαα္ေαာα္α ုααီး α‘αြα္ααႇα္ αα္αံ့αိုα္ျαဲေαးα‘αြα္ ျαα္αူα‘ားαံုးαα္ α ံျαဳα‘α္ေαာ αα္αံုα‘α α₯္α‘αာαို ေαးα ားαိုα္αာ αိα္းαိα္းေα ာα့္ ေαႇာα္ααα္ျαα ္αα္။
α်α္းαိုး -
α။ ျαα္αာ့ေαးαာαုααေααာ (ေαာα္ααိα)
α။ α‘ေαးα‘ျαα္ျαဳα‘α္αα့္ αα္αံုα‘α α₯္α‘αာ (α‘ေαြးα‘ျαα္ αααα ေαေαာ္αါαီα) ေαါα္းααီး
Written by αႇျαα့္(αα္αုα္ααၠαိုα္)
Source here
αααα αုႏွα ္၊ αူαိုα္α α αα္ေαααြα္ ααုိα္းαα္ ေα်ာα္းαားαααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αို αိုα္းααိုα္းျαα့္ αΏαိဳαြဲαံαဲ့ααα္။
αိုα္α်ဳα္ေααα္းα¦းေαာα္αα့္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးα‘α ိုးα αα္αα္αြα္ αံုးαြဲα်α္αီးαဲ ့αα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားαααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ ျαα္αα္αα္ေαာα္ေαးαα္ αα္αွိα‘α ုိးαα‘ား ျαα္αာαုိα္αံαံုးαုိα္αာ ေα်ာα္းαားαααၢα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္α αေα ့ေαာα္းαုိαုိα္αα္။
αွα ္ေαါα္းαွα ္αα္ေα်ာ္αΎαာ αာαα‘αြα္း ααααံုးျαဳαုα္αα့္ ျαα္αာαုိα္αံαံုးαုိα္αာ ေα်ာα္းαားαααၢα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ (α‘αα္ααာျαα္) ααားαα္ ျαα ္αြα္းေααေαါα္ေαး ေαာ္ααီαွ αေαာαား αုα္ျαα္္αာαြα္ αα္းαဲ့αိုα ေαာα္းαိုαဲ့ျαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
ျαα္αာαုိα္αံαံုးαုိα္αာ ေα်ာα္း αားαααၢα်ား α‘αြဲαα်ဳα္(α‘αα္ျαα္αာျαα္ ) ααားαα္ျαα
္αြα္း ေααေαါα္αာေαးေαာ္ααီ αွα့္ ျαα္αာαုိα္αံαံုးαုိα္αာ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αααၢ၏ ααုိα
α္းαံုးေαး ေαာ္ααီαိုα αူးαြဲ αုα္ျαα္αဲ့αα့္ ေααျαာα်α္၌ α‘αα္αါ ေαာα္းαိုα်α္α‘ျαα္ αα္αုα္ααၠαိုα္αွα့္ αႏ ၱေαးααၠαုိα္α်ားαြα္ αα္αα္းα်ား ျαα္αြα့္αြα့္ေαးαα္αွα့္ αααၢ၏ ေαွααုα္αα္းα
α₯္α်ားαုိ ေαာα္αြα္αာαြα္ αြα္αα္α
ြာ αုα္ေαာα္αုိα္αြα့္αုိααုိαါ ေαာα္းαုိαဲ့αα္။
αိုαျαα္ ααα α‘αြဲαα‘ေαျαα့္ α‘αα္ျαα္αာျαα္ ေα‘ာα္ျαα္αာျαα္ αြဲျαားေααα္ααုα္αဲ ေαါα္းα α₯္αα ္αုαα္းေα‘ာα္αွာαာ αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αြားαα္αု ေααျαာα်α္αြα္ ေαာ္ျααားαα္။
“ျαα္αာျαα္ α‘αα္αα္α α‘ေျααံေα်ာα္းေαြαွာαα္း αααၢေαြ ေαααြα္αာαုိα αα္αα္ αႈα္αွားαြားαα္”αု ျαα္αာαုိα္αံαံုးαုိα္ αာေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αααၢ၏ ααုိα α္းαံုးေαးေαာ္ααီ α₯αၠα α¦းေα်ာ္αုိαို αေျαာαα္။
αုိαα‘ျαα္ αα္းαုိαα‘ေαျαα့္ α‘α်ိဳးαားေαး၊ αီαုိαေαα ီေαး၊ αီαုိαေαα ီααာေαး၊ ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαွα္ ့ေα်ာα္းαားαူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α αα့္αူα α်α္αုိ αုα္αုိα္αာ ေαာα္αြα္αြားαα္αု ααာေαးαွဴး ေαααα္αီα¦းα ေျαာαα္။
αႏၱေαးျαိဳα αααΌααာαေα်ာα္းαုိα္αα္းα‘αြα္း ျαဳαုα္αဲ့ေαာ α‘αုိαါေαြααံုαြဲαိုα αα ၠ
αုိα္α‘αီးαီးαွ ေα်ာα္းαားေα်ာα္းαူαα ္ ααα αီးαါးα‘αါα‘αα္ ααα္ααααြα္ αာαα္ αα္းေαာα္αဲ့αူးေαာ ေα်ာα္းαားေαာα္းα်ား ၊ ααုိα α္းαံုးေαးေαာ္ααီαα္α်ားαွα့္ ျαα္αာ αုိα္αံαံုးαုိα္αာ ေα်ာα္းαားαααΌαα်ား α‘αြဲαα်ဳα္(α‘αα္ျαα္αာျαα္ ) ααားαα္္ ျαα ္αြα္း ေααေαါα္αာေαးေαာ္ααီαုိααွ ေα်ာα္းαားေα်ာα္းαူ αα ္ေαာα္αီးαါး αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αα္။
αုိα္α်ဳα္ေααα္းαα္αα္ αααα αူαိုα္α α αα္ေαααြα္ ααၠαုိα္α်ားα‘ား α α္းαα္းα‘αα ္ α်ား ျααာα္းαိုα္αာαွ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αေα်αα္ αျαα့္αႏα΅ျααဲ့αα္။αိုαေαာα္ αα္းေαα αေααိုα္းαြα္ α α ္αα္αွ αα ္αα္ႏွိα္ႏွα္းαႈα်ားျαဳαုα္αဲ့αΏαီး ေαာα္αα ္ေαα αံαα္αြα္ ααၠαိုα္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α‘ံုαို αိုα္းαြဲα်α္αီးαဲ ့ျαα္းျαα ္αα္။
Source :YPI News
_____________________________________________________
α α်ဴαုိα္ α‘αွα္αα / αααα ေα်ာα္းαားαααၢ α်α္αီးαႈ
ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαြဲαα α္ေααာα္း၊ αူαု α‘α်ဳိးα ီးαြားα‘αြα္ αα္αေαာ္α αာαα္αူေααာα္း ေαααΏαာα်α္α်ားႏွα့္ α‘αူ α‘α်ားαΏαα္αူαုိαα‘ား α ီαα္းαα္းေαွ်ာα္၍ αႏα΅αΏααြဲα်ား ααΏαဳαααα္ ေααၱာαα္αံα်α္α ာαုိαေαးα်ားαုိ ααα္း α ာαုိα္α်ားαြα္ ေαာ္αΏααါαွိαဲ့ေααα္။αႏα΅αΏααွ်α္α‘ေαးαူαα္αု αα္းေαာα္αα္αြဲ ααိေαးαားαဲ့၏။ α α ္αα္α α‘ာαာαိα္းေααာα္း ေαααΏαာα်α္αုိ αα္αα်α္αႈα်ားေααေαါα္ αာေααα္αုိ αုိα္ေααα္းႏွα့္ α α ္αုိα္ααီးα်ား ေααာα္αြံααΎααα္αွာ αိαာαα္αွားαα္။
α‘ိα္ေα ာα့္α‘α ုိးαေαα္αြα္ αုိαုိးαြ်α္းα‘α်α₯္းေαာα္ααီးαုိ ေαာα္αုα္αာ αီαိαေαα ီ αါαီα်ားႏွα့္ αြα္αΏαဴαα ္αု αူααူα်ားα‘ား ααααα္း αα္းαီးႏွိα္α α္αဲ့αα့္ αα္αα္းα ာ αွိααΏαα့္ αα္ααြα္ αႏα΅αΏααြဲα်ား αΏαα ္ေαααΏαα္း ααွိေα αာαူ α α ္α‘α ုိးα α‘αုိααွိေααာα္း၊ αα္ααြα္α ာαα္းα်ားαα္ αα္α α αα္ေαααွ α αα္၍ ေαΏαာα္α်ားα ြာ ေαααြα္αာαဲ့αα္။ αူαα္αα္α¦း ႏွα့္ ααာαိα္ α‘αြဲα၊ ααုိα္αံααα္α¦း၊ ααုိα္ေαာαုααα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ α ေαာα‘αြဲ.α‘α်ားα αα္αα်α္αα္ααြα္α ာα်ား αုα္αΏαα္ααααΏαα့္ α‘α ုိးα αα ္၏ αΏαα္αဲေαး αα္ααီးαာαα‘αုိα ααααုα္αα္းα‘αΏαα ္ αα္αα်α္α ာαα္းα်ားαုိ αုိα္αံαိα္းαα္း ေαααα္။ αα္αဲαုိα္αံေαးαါαီααီး αΏαα ္ေαာ ααာαΏαα္α‘αုα္ααားαါαီα α α ္αα္α α‘ာαာαိα္းαႈႏွα့္ α α္α်α₯္း၍ "αူαုαႏα΅αα္း ααါαဲα α ္αα္ αα္းαα္αα္αΏαα့္ α‘ာαာαိα္းαα္းαုိ ေααူα် α‘ားαΏαα့္ αါαီα αႏွα ္αα္ေααာα္း" αုαα္αα်α္ေααာα္း αα္ααံေααာα္းႏွα့္ ေαααΏαာ၏။
αဲαံ့αΏαα္αားα ြာ ေαααΏαာေαာ α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းα်ားαွာ ေα်ာα္းαားα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းα်ားαΏαα ္αααα္။ ααၠαုိα္ αα္α¦းαα ္၊ αα္αုα္ααုိα္ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αααၢαုိαα α α ္αα္α α‘ာαာαိα္းαΏαα္းαုိ αα္αα့္αα္းႏွα့္αွ် αα္ααံαုိα္ေααာα္း ေαααΏαာαααα္။ ေααာαΏαာα်α္ႏွα့္α‘αီ α α ္αα္α‘α ုိးαα‘ား αΏαα္းαα္α ြာ αα္αα်α္ααααΏαα့္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαး α‘α ုိးαႏွα့္ αိα္αုိα္ေαြααααေααα္။ααΏαα္αုံးαွိ ααၠαုိα္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαα္ α α ္α‘α ုိးα αα္αα်α္ေαး α‘α α္းα‘ေαးα်ားαုိ αα္ααα္းααα္ α်α္းα၍ αႏα΅αΏαααααΏαα့္ αα္αုα္ ααၠαုိα္ α‘ာαာαုိα္α်ားα ေα်ာα္းေαာα္α်ား α‘αြα္ α α္းαα္းαα ္ α‘αိα္αα်ားαုိ αုα္αΏαα္ေαာα‘αါ αႈα္αွားαႈα်ားαွာ αုိαုိα်α္αΏαα္ααာαဲ့αα္။ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαααွ α αα္αာ "α α္းαα္းαα ္αုိ α‘αုိααွိ" αုေααြးေααာ္αံα်ားαုိ ေα‘ာ္αα ္ေαာ αα္αုα္ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαα္ ααၠαုိα္ αααုα္ αα္αα္းα်α္ ေααα်ားαုိα αွα့္αα္αႏα΅ αΏααααα္။
α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαααြα္ααာαြα္ αဲαာαာေαွααြα္ αΏαိα္းα်α္းα ြာ α ီαα္းαႏα΅αΏααααα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ αဲαုိαα ေααα္ႏွα့္ αα ္αα္αူα ုαြဲαααα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားαα¦းαα္αာ ααွိααΏαα့္ ေαးαုံαုိααုိααေαာα‘αါαြα္ αႈα္αွားαႈ αΏαα္းαα္αာαဲ့ေαာ့၏။ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαααွ α αα္ေααα‘αိ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαα္ ααၠαုိα္ αααုα္ ααုαုံးαွ αံαါးα်ားαုိေαာ့αα္αိα္αုိα αΏαီး "αီαုီαေαα ီ αံαα္ααီး" αုαုα္းαုα္α်ား αα္αာ αီαုီαေαα ီ ααားαြဲα်ားαုိ α‘αံα်ဲαα α္ႏွα့္ ေαာေαΏαာαααα္။
αေα်ααα္αΏαα ္ေαေαာ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαα္ α α ္αα္αα္αα်α္ေαးαုိ α‘α်ဳိးα်ဳိး ေαာေαΏαာေααααာ "ေαာ္αွα္ေαး ေαာα္α ီαα္ αုိα္αႈးααီးα်ားαα္ α ေαာα္ေαါα္း α αα္းαာေα‘ာα္αူα်ားαΏαα ္αααα္" α αα္αΏαα့္ α ိα္αြα္းαွိααွ် ေαာေαΏαာααေααα္။ αုိα‘α်ိα္αြα္ ααၠαုိα္ ααုိα္αြα္ αာαα္α်αားαα့္ αဲα‘αြဲ.αုိ αုα္αိα္းαာ α α ္αားα်ားαုိ αα္α ြဲαားေααΏαီ၊ α α ္αားαα α္းαြα္ α‘αံαα္းα α္ ααုαα္αα္αားαα္။ αုိα‘αံαα္းα α္α ေα်ာα္းαားαုိαα α‘αံα်ဲαα α္αွ ေαာေαΏαာααွ်αုိ αုိα္ေααα္း၏ α‘ိα္ေαာ္αုိα αုိα္αုိα္ α‘αံαႊα့္ေαးααα္။ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαααြα္αူ αΏαα္းαံα ြာေαာေαΏαာေαာ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ ေαာေαΏαာα်α္α်ားαုိ αားααံαုိα္ααΏαα့္ ေαါα α‘α်α္ေα်ာα္းေα်ာα္းαြα္αာ α α ္αα္α αα ္αα္αα္αΏαα္αα္ αုိα္ေααα္းα ααဳိးαဲ့ α‘αံαႊα့္ α αားαΏαα့္ αုိα္αုိα္ α‘αိα္αေαးαဲ့αα္။
ααၠαုိα္ ααုိα္αα္α ြဲαားေαာ α α ္αα္α်ားαုိ αြα္αဲαူ αုαိααုိα္αူးααီး α ိα္αြα္α αα္αားα်ားα‘ား α‘αα့္αα့္ α‘αိα္αေαးααΏαα့္ αα္αα္ααါαဲ αိαိαုိα α‘ေαာα္αြα္း ၌ αႏα΅αΏααααα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ α‘α ုαုိα္ α‘αΏαဳံαုိα္ αα္αΏαα္αဲ့αααα္။ αႏα΅αΏααာαြα္ αါαα္αΏαα္းααွိαα့္ α‘ေαာα္ေα ေα်ာα္းαား α‘α်ားαုိααုိαါ ေαြααာαα်ၤဳိα္း αားααုိα္းαα ္αα္ αα္αΏαα္αααα္။ α α ္αားαုိααα္ α်ီ ααီး ေααα္ αα ္α်ားαုိ αααα αα္ α‘αုံးαΏαဳαာ αα္αα့္α α္း αα္αΏαα္αααα္။ αုိေααα္αα ္α်ားαွာ α‘ေαာα္α်ာααီαွ αα α₯α္း αိαိαာα်ားαုိ αα္αုα္αြα္ αα္αα္αα္။ α်ီ ααီး ေααα္αα ္α်ားαုိ α‘ာαာαိα္းα α₯္α αα္α‘α်ဳိααုိααုα္ေαးαဲ့αာ၌ αုαံαႈ ααွိααΏαα့္ α‘αုံးααΏαဳαဲ့αေα။ αုိαα္αα္αα ္α်ားαုိ α α္းαα္αα္αα္αား ေααူ αုိα္ေααα္းα‘αုိα α‘αြα့္α‘ေαး ααွိαြားေαာ့αα္။ ေα်ာα္းαား αα α¦းေααုံးαΏαီး αα α¦းαα္αာααွိαα္αု α‘α ုိးαα ေαααΏαာ၏။ ေαα ာαα္း α‘αွα္αွာ ေα်ာα္းαား ααα ေα်ာ္αွိαα္။
ေα်ာα္းαα္းα‘αြα္းαုိα αα ္αα္αα္αΏαα္αြဲ αΏαီးေαာα‘αါ αααα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαုိ α α ္αα္α αုိα္းαားαΏαα္၏။ααၠαုိα္ αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းααီးαα္ αα္αုα္ααၠαုိα္၏ αုα္αူးေαာα္ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းααီး αΏαα ္αα္αာαα αΏαα္ααာ့ αုိα္αံေαး ααုိα္းαြα္αα္α်ဲααα္αα်α္ေαး αံαα္ααီးα‘αΏαα ္ αူαုα α‘αြα္α‘αΏαα္ α‘αိα‘αွα္αΏαဳαားαα့္ αိαာα္ααီး αΏαα ္αα္။ αααα αုႏွα ္ ααၠαုိα္ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ ααိα္αွ α αα္αာ αုိးααားαာαα့္ αΏαα္αာαူαုαုိ ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα αα္α်ဲααα္αα်α္ေαးαုိα္αြဲα်ား αီαုိα ေαါα္းေαာα္αဲ့αα္။ ααၠαုိα္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αααၢαုိ αααα αုႏွα ္α αြဲαα α္းαဲ့αα္။ αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α်ဳိးα်α ္αΏαα္αာ αေαး α¦းαိဳα αα္ေαာα္αွဴαါα္းαα္။
α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαုိ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ ααာေαး၊ αူαႈေαးႏွα့္ α်ααΌာေαး αိα α₯α်ားαုိ α‘αုံးαΏαဳαα္ α¦းαα္ααΏαα့္ α‘αၤαိα္ ααၠαုိα္ α‘αာαုိα္α်ားααα္ α‘ားေαးαဲ့αααα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားα α αားαα္αုαြဲα်ား α်α္းαေα့αွိαာαြα္ αΏαα္αာαုိα္αံ α‘αုိα α‘ႏα΅ိααΏαα္ႏွα့္ αြဲေαး၊ αြဲေαးαΏαႆαာ ေαααာေαာα‘αါ αααΌα αα္းαေαာα္αွာ αုိα္αံေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား၏ α αားα α ္αုိးαာ αိαာα္αΏαα ္αာαဲ့αα္။ α¦းαေα၊ ေαါα္αာ αေαာ္ α ေαာ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαα္ ααα αα္းααွ ေαာေαΏαာαααα္း α α္းαုံးေαးαုα္αα္းα်ား αုα္ေαာα္αဲ့αααα္။
ေαာα္αုိα္းααα α‘αα္းαုိ ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္α‘αΏαα ္ αုိαု၊ αုိေα‘ာα္αα္း၊ αုိေα်ာ္αΏαိα္း၊ αုိαိα္းေαႏွα့္ αုိαာαွα ္αုိα αα္αာα်ိα္αွ α αα္αΏαီး αα္α်ဲα αုိα္αြဲ α α ္ေαΏααΏαα္၏ αံαα္ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းααီး αΏαα ္αာαဲ့αα္။ αααα αΏαα့္α‘ေαးေαာ္αုံαွ α‘αၤαိα္αုိαα‘ား αα္ႏွα္ႏွα့္ αုိα္αုိα္ႏွα္αုα္αႈ α‘αိα‘αွိα္ α‘αုα္ αΏαα္းαံαဲ့ααΏαα့္ αြα္αα္ေαးαုိα္αြဲα်ား၏ ေα‘ာα္αိαာα္ααီး α‘αΏαα ္ αΏαα္αာ αα်ဳိးαားαုံးα αုα္αူαဲ့αααα္။
αုိα္ေααα္း ααၠαုိα္ေαာα္αွိα်ိα္αြα္ ααα αႈα္αွားαႈα်ား ααီးα ြာ αΏαα ္ေαααဲ့ေαာ္αα္း ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ αႈα္αွားαႈα်ားαြα္ αါαα္αΏαα္းααΏαဳαဲ ေα်ာαုိα္းေααဲ့αα္။
"ေαΏαာααေαာαααာαြα ေααုα္αα္၊ αူαα‘αုိααα္αα္၊ ေαာαုံးαα ားαα္αα္ α‘α်ိα္αေαာα္၊ αူααα္းႏွα့္αူ αွα္αွα္ α်ီαα္αွ်α္αွိαဲ့ေααα္"
αုေαါα္αာေαာα္ေαာα္ေαးαα့္ αိုα္ေααα္း α‘αၳဳααၱိ α ာα‘ုα္ααီးαြα္ αူαေαΏαာαဲ့αα္။ α€ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ααီးαွ αုိαဳ αုိေα‘ာα္αα္းαုိα αူαα္αα ု αုိα္αံα αုိးα ားေαာ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား αΏαα ္αဲ့αα္αုိ αူα α‘αΏαဲ ααာαုိαΏαα ္ေααဲ့αα္။ αα္α်ဲαေαာ္αွα္ေαး α‘ေαးေαာ္αုံααီး၌ αူααါαဲ့ေαာေααာα့္αေα် ααα္αΏαα ္ေααဲ့αα္။ αုိαေααာα့္ αြα္αα္ေαး αုိα္αြဲαα္ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ααီးαုိαူ αααα့္αုိ။
αုိααΏαα္ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေααα ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ αα ္αα္αα္αΏαα္α α₯္α ေα်ာα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား ေααုံးαΏαα္း ααွိ၊ α‘α်ဳိααွာ αα္းαီး၍αα္ ααိေαးαဲ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ α်α္ႏွာααα္αြα္ αုံးေα‘ာα္းေααα္αု ααα္းαုိ αိုα္ေααα္း αိαွိေαာα‘αါ ααα ေαါα္းေαာα္αွα္ααွ်αုိ αα္αΏαα္αα္ αα္αြα္α်α္ႏွα့္ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ααီးαုိαါ α‘αΏαီးα‘αΏαα္α်α္αီးαα္ α‘αိα္αေαးαဲ့αΏαα္αα္။αααၢαုံးαုိ αΏαဳိαΏαီးေαာα္ αုိα္ေααα္း α₯αၠα α‘αΏαα ္ေαာα္αြα္ေαာ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီα"α α္းαα္းαဲ့αααုိ αΏαα္ααα့္αာαα္αα္ αိαိαုိαα‘ေαααြα္ α်ေαာα္ေαααΏαα့္ αα္αေαာ္၏α‘ား αα ိα္αေαααုိ αုံး၍ေαΏααွα္းαုိα္ααΏαα္း αΏαα ္αα္"
αုေαααΏαာαဲ့၏။ αုိေαααΏαာα်α္αွာ α α ္αα္αုိ α‘ံαုαααွ်α္ ααုαα္ααီးαားေαာ αα္αα္ α‘α္α‘ားႏွα့္ ေαΏααွα္းαα္αု αာααံေαးαα့္ αေαာ αα္αα္၏။ αုိαွ်ααေαး ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α်α္αΏαီးေαာα္ αူαုα‘ား α‘αံαႊα့္ αိα္ααြα္းေαးαာαြα္ αူααα္αΏαα္αုိα္ေαာ ေα်ာα္းαားαα္αေαး α်ားαα္ αα္αα္αူ၍ α‘α္αုိ αေα်ာα္းαွ ααွိαααα္αုိ αူαိαါα်α္ႏွα့္ αα္αα္ αုိαူαုα္α‘αြဲααΎαီးα်ားαုိ αα္αုိα္ေααα့္ ααြα္ αုံααီးα်ဲαျαီး
"αားαုိ αားαΏαα္း၊ αွံαုိαွံαΏαα္း αα္αုိα္αုိα α‘αα့္αွိαါαα္"
αုေαါααုα္း ေαါααံႏွα့္ α‘αံαႊα့္၍ ေαΏαာαဲ့αΏαα္αα္။ αုိα္ေααα္း ႏွα့္ α α ္αုိα္ααီး αα ုαα္ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေααα ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ αα္αΏαα္αႈααီးႏွα့္ αုိα္αံα α‘αြα္α‘αΏαα္αားαα့္ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ααီး αုိ αုံးαြဲ α်α္αီးαႈααီး αုိααုိ ေαါααႊα္ααΏαα့္ α ိα္αုိα္αာα္αါ α်ဴးαြα္αဲ့αΏαα္းαα္ αူαုိα၏ α α ္αα္α‘αိုα αααားααီးαားေαာ αာααα္αႈααီး αΏαα ္ေααα္αုိ α α₯္းα ားαိαααα္။ αူးα့ံ αိα္ေαြαေαာ αိα္αΏαာαေαးαုိ α‘ေαΏαာα္ ႏွα့္ αα ္αα္ αα္αΏαα္ααဲ့αုိα αာααα္αုိα္းေααα္αုိ αα ိα့္α ိα့္ ေαြးေαာ၍ αΏαα္ေαြααိααေαာα‘αါ αေαααြα္ αူαုα αα္αα္ ေααα္αုိ ေααာα္ေαြးαΏαာαာαααα္။ αααားαႈα်ဴးαြα္αဲ့ေαာ αာααα္αႈααီးα‘αြα္ αα ိα့္α ိα့္ ေααာα္αူး αုα္αာေααေαာα‘αါαြα္ ααားαံαα္ αိαိ ααုα္αါαု αα¦းαို αα¦းα αα္αွဳိးαုိး၍ α‘αΏαα ္αုိααα္း αိαိα‘αΏαα ္ ααွိေααာα္း αုေα်αႈα်ားαုိ α‘ααိα္ααိα္ αΏαဳαααα္။ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီ α₯αၠαααီး αုိα္α်ဳα္ααီးေααα္းႏွα့္ αုαိα α₯αၠα αိုα္αူးα်ဳα္ ေα‘ာα္ααီးαုိααα္ αα¦းαုိαα¦း ααာαံαΏαα ္ေααα္ ေαာ္ေαာα္αုα္αααα္။ ααာ့ αα္αေαာ္ααီး၏ αိα္αီးααီးα်ားαα္ αာαာα္ αူαုိး αူαုိးα‘αြဲα αေαးαွ်αα္ αီαြα္αႈ ααွိ၊ α‘αွားαုိ αα္αံαα္ ααိၱαα α္αွ ααွိαူαဲေαာေααာα္αူα်ား αΏαα ္ေααာα္းေαααြα္αာေαာ့αα္။ αုိα α₯္α αုαိααာαြα္ေαး α¦းα ီးα်ဳα္αΏαα ္αူ ေα‘ာα္ααီးα
"ααα္ α‘αိα္αေαးαဲ့α ာαူαာαΏαီး ααα္းαုα္းαုိ ေαးαာαူ αုိα္αα္းα ိα္ αΏαα ္αါαα္။ αααၢαΏαဳိαုိα αုိα္းααုိα္ေαြ α်ီα‘ီးαုိး α‘α္α်α္αီαာ αα္αြဲαုိαွာαူ၊ α‘ဲαီαွာ ααုံေαာα္αုိα α ီα‘αီ αα္αα α ္ αα α₯α္းαုိေαွာα္ ေαးαြားαူαုိα္းαူαာ αိုα္ေα်ာ္α ုိးαါ။ α ီα‘ုိαီ αα္αွဴး αိုα္αα္းαုိ αုိα္αွာαΏαီး၊ α‘α္းαုိα္αုိ αြားေαာα္αူααာαါ။ αြဲαုိα α‘αိα္αေαးαူေαြαာ αΏαα္αဲေαးαα္ααီး၊ αုံαΏαဳံေαးေαာα္α ီ α₯αၠα αုိα္ေα်ာ္α ုိး αΏαα ္αါαα္။ ααα္ αုိα္းααုိα္ေαြ αα္ααဲ့ αα္α α‘α္α်α္αီαာ αα္ αုိα္αွဴးαြα္းαီ αΏαα ္αါαα္။α‘ားαုံးαုိα္းααုိα္ေαြ αα္ααာαာ αံαα္αα္းα‘ားααီးαွ αΏαα ္αါαα္၊ αα္αွα္αုိးαα့္ α‘αာαွိααီးααီးαားαား ααွိαုိααုαα‘ေαာα္ေααုα္း αα္းေαွ်ာα္αα္း ေαာα္αာαဲ့ αုိα္αွဴးααီး αα္းαိα္းαΏαα ္αါαα္။ αူααα္αΏαီး αြဲαဲ့α‘αိα္α αα္αွα္αုိးေαးαုိα၊ αုိα္αြα္းαီ α ေαΏαာαုိα ၊ αူααα္αွα္αα္αုိးαΏαီးαုိα္းααုိα္ αြဲαာαΏαα ္αါαα္ ααားαံ αΏαα ္αွာαဲ့ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီး αုိαူαာ αိုα္αွဴးααီးαွαα္ႏွα့္ αုိα္α်ဳα္ α‘ိα္αုိα္α‘αြား αါေαာαα‘α်ဳα္ ααာααီး α¦းαာ αုိ αို္α္αွαα္α αααၢαΏαဳိαုိα α‘αိα္αααα္αုိα ေαΏαာαာ αα္ααားαေαာ့ α‘αဲα ြα္ααΏαီး၊ αိုα္ေα်ာ္α ုိး αွိαာ α‘αံαႊα့္αုံαုိ αα္αီαုα္းαα္αΏαီး၊α‘ဲ့αီαိα α₯αုိαα္αားေαးαါ၊ αုိα္α်ဳα္αုိ αြ်α္ေαာ္ေαΏαာαါαα္ αုိαΏαီး၊ αုိေαာα္ေαာ့αဲ αာαွ αေαΏαာαဲ ααိα့္ααα္αα္းαဲα αားαဲ့αူ αΏαα ္αါαα္ "αုαူ၏ α ာαα္းαြα္ ေα့αα္ေααာα္αα္ ေαးαားαာ ေαΏααွα္းαα္။
αိုαျαα္ ααα α‘αြဲαα‘ေαျαα့္ α‘αα္ျαα္αာျαα္ ေα‘ာα္ျαα္αာျαα္ αြဲျαားေααα္ααုα္αဲ ေαါα္းα α₯္αα ္αုαα္းေα‘ာα္αွာαာ αူးေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αြားαα္αု ေααျαာα်α္αြα္ ေαာ္ျααားαα္။
“ျαα္αာျαα္ α‘αα္αα္α α‘ေျααံေα်ာα္းေαြαွာαα္း αααၢေαြ ေαααြα္αာαုိα αα္αα္ αႈα္αွားαြားαα္”αု ျαα္αာαုိα္αံαံုးαုိα္ αာေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αααၢ၏ ααုိα α္းαံုးေαးေαာ္ααီ α₯αၠα α¦းေα်ာ္αုိαို αေျαာαα္။
αုိαα‘ျαα္ αα္းαုိαα‘ေαျαα့္ α‘α်ိဳးαားေαး၊ αီαုိαေαα ီေαး၊ αီαုိαေαα ီααာေαး၊ ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαွα္ ့ေα်ာα္းαားαူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α αα့္αူα α်α္αုိ αုα္αုိα္αာ ေαာα္αြα္αြားαα္αု ααာေαးαွဴး ေαααα္αီα¦းα ေျαာαα္။
αႏၱေαးျαိဳα αααΌααာαေα်ာα္းαုိα္αα္းα‘αြα္း ျαဳαုα္αဲ့ေαာ α‘αုိαါေαြααံုαြဲαိုα αα ၠ
αုိα္α‘αီးαီးαွ ေα်ာα္းαားေα်ာα္းαူαα ္ ααα αီးαါးα‘αါα‘αα္ ααα္ααααြα္ αာαα္ αα္းေαာα္αဲ့αူးေαာ ေα်ာα္းαားေαာα္းα်ား ၊ ααုိα α္းαံုးေαးေαာ္ααီαα္α်ားαွα့္ ျαα္αာ αုိα္αံαံုးαုိα္αာ ေα်ာα္းαားαααΌαα်ား α‘αြဲαα်ဳα္(α‘αα္ျαα္αာျαα္ ) ααားαα္္ ျαα ္αြα္း ေααေαါα္αာေαးေαာ္ααီαုိααွ ေα်ာα္းαားေα်ာα္းαူ αα ္ေαာα္αီးαါး αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αα္။
αုိα္α်ဳα္ေααα္းαα္αα္ αααα αူαိုα္α α αα္ေαααြα္ ααၠαုိα္α်ားα‘ား α α္းαα္းα‘αα ္ α်ား ျααာα္းαိုα္αာαွ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αေα်αα္ αျαα့္αႏα΅ျααဲ့αα္။αိုαေαာα္ αα္းေαα αေααိုα္းαြα္ α α ္αα္αွ αα ္αα္ႏွိα္ႏွα္းαႈα်ားျαဳαုα္αဲ့αΏαီး ေαာα္αα ္ေαα αံαα္αြα္ ααၠαိုα္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α‘ံုαို αိုα္းαြဲα်α္αီးαဲ ့ျαα္းျαα ္αα္။
Source :YPI News
_____________________________________________________
α α်ဴαုိα္ α‘αွα္αα / αααα ေα်ာα္းαားαααၢ α်α္αီးαႈ
ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαြဲαα α္ေααာα္း၊ αူαု α‘α်ဳိးα ီးαြားα‘αြα္ αα္αေαာ္α αာαα္αူေααာα္း ေαααΏαာα်α္α်ားႏွα့္ α‘αူ α‘α်ားαΏαα္αူαုိαα‘ား α ီαα္းαα္းေαွ်ာα္၍ αႏα΅αΏααြဲα်ား ααΏαဳαααα္ ေααၱာαα္αံα်α္α ာαုိαေαးα်ားαုိ ααα္း α ာαုိα္α်ားαြα္ ေαာ္αΏααါαွိαဲ့ေααα္။αႏα΅αΏααွ်α္α‘ေαးαူαα္αု αα္းေαာα္αα္αြဲ ααိေαးαားαဲ့၏။ α α ္αα္α α‘ာαာαိα္းေααာα္း ေαααΏαာα်α္αုိ αα္αα်α္αႈα်ားေααေαါα္ αာေααα္αုိ αုိα္ေααα္းႏွα့္ α α ္αုိα္ααီးα်ား ေααာα္αြံααΎααα္αွာ αိαာαα္αွားαα္။
α‘ိα္ေα ာα့္α‘α ုိးαေαα္αြα္ αုိαုိးαြ်α္းα‘α်α₯္းေαာα္ααီးαုိ ေαာα္αုα္αာ αီαိαေαα ီ αါαီα်ားႏွα့္ αြα္αΏαဴαα ္αု αူααူα်ားα‘ား ααααα္း αα္းαီးႏွိα္α α္αဲ့αα့္ αα္αα္းα ာ αွိααΏαα့္ αα္ααြα္ αႏα΅αΏααြဲα်ား αΏαα ္ေαααΏαα္း ααွိေα αာαူ α α ္α‘α ုိးα α‘αုိααွိေααာα္း၊ αα္ααြα္α ာαα္းα်ားαα္ αα္α α αα္ေαααွ α αα္၍ ေαΏαာα္α်ားα ြာ ေαααြα္αာαဲ့αα္။ αူαα္αα္α¦း ႏွα့္ ααာαိα္ α‘αြဲα၊ ααုိα္αံααα္α¦း၊ ααုိα္ေαာαုααα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ α ေαာα‘αြဲ.α‘α်ားα αα္αα်α္αα္ααြα္α ာα်ား αုα္αΏαα္ααααΏαα့္ α‘α ုိးα αα ္၏ αΏαα္αဲေαး αα္ααီးαာαα‘αုိα ααααုα္αα္းα‘αΏαα ္ αα္αα်α္α ာαα္းα်ားαုိ αုိα္αံαိα္းαα္း ေαααα္။ αα္αဲαုိα္αံေαးαါαီααီး αΏαα ္ေαာ ααာαΏαα္α‘αုα္ααားαါαီα α α ္αα္α α‘ာαာαိα္းαႈႏွα့္ α α္α်α₯္း၍ "αူαုαႏα΅αα္း ααါαဲα α ္αα္ αα္းαα္αα္αΏαα့္ α‘ာαာαိα္းαα္းαုိ ေααူα် α‘ားαΏαα့္ αါαီα αႏွα ္αα္ေααာα္း" αုαα္αα်α္ေααာα္း αα္ααံေααာα္းႏွα့္ ေαααΏαာ၏။
αဲαံ့αΏαα္αားα ြာ ေαααΏαာေαာ α‘αြဲαα‘α α္းα်ားαွာ ေα်ာα္းαားα‘αြဲαα‘α α္းα်ားαΏαα ္αααα္။ ααၠαုိα္ αα္α¦းαα ္၊ αα္αုα္ααုိα္ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αααၢαုိαα α α ္αα္α α‘ာαာαိα္းαΏαα္းαုိ αα္αα့္αα္းႏွα့္αွ် αα္ααံαုိα္ေααာα္း ေαααΏαာαααα္။ ေααာαΏαာα်α္ႏွα့္α‘αီ α α ္αα္α‘α ုိးαα‘ား αΏαα္းαα္α ြာ αα္αα်α္ααααΏαα့္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαး α‘α ုိးαႏွα့္ αိα္αုိα္ေαြααααေααα္။ααΏαα္αုံးαွိ ααၠαုိα္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαα္ α α ္α‘α ုိးα αα္αα်α္ေαး α‘α α္းα‘ေαးα်ားαုိ αα္ααα္းααα္ α်α္းα၍ αႏα΅αΏαααααΏαα့္ αα္αုα္ ααၠαုိα္ α‘ာαာαုိα္α်ားα ေα်ာα္းေαာα္α်ား α‘αြα္ α α္းαα္းαα ္ α‘αိα္αα်ားαုိ αုα္αΏαα္ေαာα‘αါ αႈα္αွားαႈα်ားαွာ αုိαုိα်α္αΏαα္ααာαဲ့αα္။ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαααွ α αα္αာ "α α္းαα္းαα ္αုိ α‘αုိααွိ" αုေααြးေααာ္αံα်ားαုိ ေα‘ာ္αα ္ေαာ αα္αုα္ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαα္ ααၠαုိα္ αααုα္ αα္αα္းα်α္ ေααα်ားαုိα αွα့္αα္αႏα΅ αΏααααα္။
α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαααြα္ααာαြα္ αဲαာαာေαွααြα္ αΏαိα္းα်α္းα ြာ α ီαα္းαႏα΅αΏααααα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ αဲαုိαα ေααα္ႏွα့္ αα ္αα္αူα ုαြဲαααα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားαα¦းαα္αာ ααွိααΏαα့္ ေαးαုံαုိααုိααေαာα‘αါαြα္ αႈα္αွားαႈ αΏαα္းαα္αာαဲ့ေαာ့၏။ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαααွ α αα္ေααα‘αိ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαα္ ααၠαုိα္ αααုα္ ααုαုံးαွ αံαါးα်ားαုိေαာ့αα္αိα္αုိα αΏαီး "αီαုီαေαα ီ αံαα္ααီး" αုαုα္းαုα္α်ား αα္αာ αီαုီαေαα ီ ααားαြဲα်ားαုိ α‘αံα်ဲαα α္ႏွα့္ ေαာေαΏαာαααα္။
αေα်ααα္αΏαα ္ေαေαာ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαα္ α α ္αα္αα္αα်α္ေαးαုိ α‘α်ဳိးα်ဳိး ေαာေαΏαာေααααာ "ေαာ္αွα္ေαး ေαာα္α ီαα္ αုိα္αႈးααီးα်ားαα္ α ေαာα္ေαါα္း α αα္းαာေα‘ာα္αူα်ားαΏαα ္αααα္" α αα္αΏαα့္ α ိα္αြα္းαွိααွ် ေαာေαΏαာααေααα္။ αုိα‘α်ိα္αြα္ ααၠαုိα္ ααုိα္αြα္ αာαα္α်αားαα့္ αဲα‘αြဲ.αုိ αုα္αိα္းαာ α α ္αားα်ားαုိ αα္α ြဲαားေααΏαီ၊ α α ္αားαα α္းαြα္ α‘αံαα္းα α္ ααုαα္αα္αားαα္။ αုိα‘αံαα္းα α္α ေα်ာα္းαားαုိαα α‘αံα်ဲαα α္αွ ေαာေαΏαာααွ်αုိ αုိα္ေααα္း၏ α‘ိα္ေαာ္αုိα αုိα္αုိα္ α‘αံαႊα့္ေαးααα္။ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαααြα္αူ αΏαα္းαံα ြာေαာေαΏαာေαာ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ ေαာေαΏαာα်α္α်ားαုိ αားααံαုိα္ααΏαα့္ ေαါα α‘α်α္ေα်ာα္းေα်ာα္းαြα္αာ α α ္αα္α αα ္αα္αα္αΏαα္αα္ αုိα္ေααα္းα ααဳိးαဲ့ α‘αံαႊα့္ α αားαΏαα့္ αုိα္αုိα္ α‘αိα္αေαးαဲ့αα္။
ααၠαုိα္ ααုိα္αα္α ြဲαားေαာ α α ္αα္α်ားαုိ αြα္αဲαူ αုαိααုိα္αူးααီး α ိα္αြα္α αα္αားα်ားα‘ား α‘αα့္αα့္ α‘αိα္αေαးααΏαα့္ αα္αα္ααါαဲ αိαိαုိα α‘ေαာα္αြα္း ၌ αႏα΅αΏααααα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ α‘α ုαုိα္ α‘αΏαဳံαုိα္ αα္αΏαα္αဲ့αααα္။ αႏα΅αΏααာαြα္ αါαα္αΏαα္းααွိαα့္ α‘ေαာα္ေα ေα်ာα္းαား α‘α်ားαုိααုိαါ ေαြααာαα်ၤဳိα္း αားααုိα္းαα ္αα္ αα္αΏαα္αααα္။ α α ္αားαုိααα္ α်ီ ααီး ေααα္ αα ္α်ားαုိ αααα αα္ α‘αုံးαΏαဳαာ αα္αα့္α α္း αα္αΏαα္αααα္။ αုိေααα္αα ္α်ားαွာ α‘ေαာα္α်ာααီαွ αα α₯α္း αိαိαာα်ားαုိ αα္αုα္αြα္ αα္αα္αα္။ α်ီ ααီး ေααα္αα ္α်ားαုိ α‘ာαာαိα္းα α₯္α αα္α‘α်ဳိααုိααုα္ေαးαဲ့αာ၌ αုαံαႈ ααွိααΏαα့္ α‘αုံးααΏαဳαဲ့αေα။ αုိαα္αα္αα ္α်ားαုိ α α္းαα္αα္αα္αား ေααူ αုိα္ေααα္းα‘αုိα α‘αြα့္α‘ေαး ααွိαြားေαာ့αα္။ ေα်ာα္းαား αα α¦းေααုံးαΏαီး αα α¦းαα္αာααွိαα္αု α‘α ုိးαα ေαααΏαာ၏။ ေαα ာαα္း α‘αွα္αွာ ေα်ာα္းαား ααα ေα်ာ္αွိαα္။
ေα်ာα္းαα္းα‘αြα္းαုိα αα ္αα္αα္αΏαα္αြဲ αΏαီးေαာα‘αါ αααα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαုိ α α ္αα္α αုိα္းαားαΏαα္၏။ααၠαုိα္ αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းααီးαα္ αα္αုα္ααၠαုိα္၏ αုα္αူးေαာα္ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းααီး αΏαα ္αα္αာαα αΏαα္ααာ့ αုိα္αံေαး ααုိα္းαြα္αα္α်ဲααα္αα်α္ေαး αံαα္ααီးα‘αΏαα ္ αူαုα α‘αြα္α‘αΏαα္ α‘αိα‘αွα္αΏαဳαားαα့္ αိαာα္ααီး αΏαα ္αα္။ αααα αုႏွα ္ ααၠαုိα္ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ ααိα္αွ α αα္αာ αုိးααားαာαα့္ αΏαα္αာαူαုαုိ ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα αα္α်ဲααα္αα်α္ေαးαုိα္αြဲα်ား αီαုိα ေαါα္းေαာα္αဲ့αα္။ ααၠαုိα္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αααၢαုိ αααα αုႏွα ္α αြဲαα α္းαဲ့αα္။ αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α်ဳိးα်α ္αΏαα္αာ αေαး α¦းαိဳα αα္ေαာα္αွဴαါα္းαα္။
α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαုိ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ ααာေαး၊ αူαႈေαးႏွα့္ α်ααΌာေαး αိα α₯α်ားαုိ α‘αုံးαΏαဳαα္ α¦းαα္ααΏαα့္ α‘αၤαိα္ ααၠαုိα္ α‘αာαုိα္α်ားααα္ α‘ားေαးαဲ့αααα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားα α αားαα္αုαြဲα်ား α်α္းαေα့αွိαာαြα္ αΏαα္αာαုိα္αံ α‘αုိα α‘ႏα΅ိααΏαα္ႏွα့္ αြဲေαး၊ αြဲေαးαΏαႆαာ ေαααာေαာα‘αါ αααΌα αα္းαေαာα္αွာ αုိα္αံေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား၏ α αားα α ္αုိးαာ αိαာα္αΏαα ္αာαဲ့αα္။ α¦းαေα၊ ေαါα္αာ αေαာ္ α ေαာ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαα္ ααα αα္းααွ ေαာေαΏαာαααα္း α α္းαုံးေαးαုα္αα္းα်ား αုα္ေαာα္αဲ့αααα္။
ေαာα္αုိα္းααα α‘αα္းαုိ ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္α‘αΏαα ္ αုိαု၊ αုိေα‘ာα္αα္း၊ αုိေα်ာ္αΏαိα္း၊ αုိαိα္းေαႏွα့္ αုိαာαွα ္αုိα αα္αာα်ိα္αွ α αα္αΏαီး αα္α်ဲα αုိα္αြဲ α α ္ေαΏααΏαα္၏ αံαα္ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းααီး αΏαα ္αာαဲ့αα္။ αααα αΏαα့္α‘ေαးေαာ္αုံαွ α‘αၤαိα္αုိαα‘ား αα္ႏွα္ႏွα့္ αုိα္αုိα္ႏွα္αုα္αႈ α‘αိα‘αွိα္ α‘αုα္ αΏαα္းαံαဲ့ααΏαα့္ αြα္αα္ေαးαုိα္αြဲα်ား၏ ေα‘ာα္αိαာα္ααီး α‘αΏαα ္ αΏαα္αာ αα်ဳိးαားαုံးα αုα္αူαဲ့αααα္။
αုိα္ေααα္း ααၠαုိα္ေαာα္αွိα်ိα္αြα္ ααα αႈα္αွားαႈα်ား ααီးα ြာ αΏαα ္ေαααဲ့ေαာ္αα္း ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ αႈα္αွားαႈα်ားαြα္ αါαα္αΏαα္းααΏαဳαဲ ေα်ာαုိα္းေααဲ့αα္။
"ေαΏαာααေαာαααာαြα ေααုα္αα္၊ αူαα‘αုိααα္αα္၊ ေαာαုံးαα ားαα္αα္ α‘α်ိα္αေαာα္၊ αူααα္းႏွα့္αူ αွα္αွα္ α်ီαα္αွ်α္αွိαဲ့ေααα္"
αုေαါα္αာေαာα္ေαာα္ေαးαα့္ αိုα္ေααα္း α‘αၳဳααၱိ α ာα‘ုα္ααီးαြα္ αူαေαΏαာαဲ့αα္။ α€ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ααီးαွ αုိαဳ αုိေα‘ာα္αα္းαုိα αူαα္αα ု αုိα္αံα αုိးα ားေαာ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား αΏαα ္αဲ့αα္αုိ αူα α‘αΏαဲ ααာαုိαΏαα ္ေααဲ့αα္။ αα္α်ဲαေαာ္αွα္ေαး α‘ေαးေαာ္αုံααီး၌ αူααါαဲ့ေαာေααာα့္αေα် ααα္αΏαα ္ေααဲ့αα္။ αုိαေααာα့္ αြα္αα္ေαး αုိα္αြဲαα္ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ααီးαုိαူ αααα့္αုိ။
αုိααΏαα္ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေααα ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ αα ္αα္αα္αΏαα္α α₯္α ေα်ာα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား ေααုံးαΏαα္း ααွိ၊ α‘α်ဳိααွာ αα္းαီး၍αα္ ααိေαးαဲ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ α်α္ႏွာααα္αြα္ αုံးေα‘ာα္းေααα္αု ααα္းαုိ αိုα္ေααα္း αိαွိေαာα‘αါ ααα ေαါα္းေαာα္αွα္ααွ်αုိ αα္αΏαα္αα္ αα္αြα္α်α္ႏွα့္ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ααီးαုိαါ α‘αΏαီးα‘αΏαα္α်α္αီးαα္ α‘αိα္αေαးαဲ့αΏαα္αα္။αααၢαုံးαုိ αΏαဳိαΏαီးေαာα္ αုိα္ေααα္း α₯αၠα α‘αΏαα ္ေαာα္αြα္ေαာ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီα"α α္းαα္းαဲ့αααုိ αΏαα္ααα့္αာαα္αα္ αိαိαုိαα‘ေαααြα္ α်ေαာα္ေαααΏαα့္ αα္αေαာ္၏α‘ား αα ိα္αေαααုိ αုံး၍ေαΏααွα္းαုိα္ααΏαα္း αΏαα ္αα္"
αုေαααΏαာαဲ့၏။ αုိေαααΏαာα်α္αွာ α α ္αα္αုိ α‘ံαုαααွ်α္ ααုαα္ααီးαားေαာ αα္αα္ α‘α္α‘ားႏွα့္ ေαΏααွα္းαα္αု αာααံေαးαα့္ αေαာ αα္αα္၏။ αုိαွ်ααေαး ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α်α္αΏαီးေαာα္ αူαုα‘ား α‘αံαႊα့္ αိα္ααြα္းေαးαာαြα္ αူααα္αΏαα္αုိα္ေαာ ေα်ာα္းαားαα္αေαး α်ားαα္ αα္αα္αူ၍ α‘α္αုိ αေα်ာα္းαွ ααွိαααα္αုိ αူαိαါα်α္ႏွα့္ αα္αα္ αုိαူαုα္α‘αြဲααΎαီးα်ားαုိ αα္αုိα္ေααα့္ ααြα္ αုံααီးα်ဲαျαီး
"αားαုိ αားαΏαα္း၊ αွံαုိαွံαΏαα္း αα္αုိα္αုိα α‘αα့္αွိαါαα္"
αုေαါααုα္း ေαါααံႏွα့္ α‘αံαႊα့္၍ ေαΏαာαဲ့αΏαα္αα္။ αုိα္ေααα္း ႏွα့္ α α ္αုိα္ααီး αα ုαα္ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေααα ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ αα္αΏαα္αႈααီးႏွα့္ αုိα္αံα α‘αြα္α‘αΏαα္αားαα့္ ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦ααီး αုိ αုံးαြဲ α်α္αီးαႈααီး αုိααုိ ေαါααႊα္ααΏαα့္ α ိα္αုိα္αာα္αါ α်ဴးαြα္αဲ့αΏαα္းαα္ αူαုိα၏ α α ္αα္α‘αိုα αααားααီးαားေαာ αာααα္αႈααီး αΏαα ္ေααα္αုိ α α₯္းα ားαိαααα္။ αူးα့ံ αိα္ေαြαေαာ αိα္αΏαာαေαးαုိ α‘ေαΏαာα္ ႏွα့္ αα ္αα္ αα္αΏαα္ααဲ့αုိα αာααα္αုိα္းေααα္αုိ αα ိα့္α ိα့္ ေαြးေαာ၍ αΏαα္ေαြααိααေαာα‘αါ αေαααြα္ αူαုα αα္αα္ ေααα္αုိ ေααာα္ေαြးαΏαာαာαααα္။ αααားαႈα်ဴးαြα္αဲ့ေαာ αာααα္αႈααီးα‘αြα္ αα ိα့္α ိα့္ ေααာα္αူး αုα္αာေααေαာα‘αါαြα္ ααားαံαα္ αိαိ ααုα္αါαု αα¦းαို αα¦းα αα္αွဳိးαုိး၍ α‘αΏαα ္αုိααα္း αိαိα‘αΏαα ္ ααွိေααာα္း αုေα်αႈα်ားαုိ α‘ααိα္ααိα္ αΏαဳαααα္။ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီ α₯αၠαααီး αုိα္α်ဳα္ααီးေααα္းႏွα့္ αုαိα α₯αၠα αိုα္αူးα်ဳα္ ေα‘ာα္ααီးαုိααα္ αα¦းαုိαα¦း ααာαံαΏαα ္ေααα္ ေαာ္ေαာα္αုα္αααα္။ ααာ့ αα္αေαာ္ααီး၏ αိα္αီးααီးα်ားαα္ αာαာα္ αူαုိး αူαုိးα‘αြဲα αေαးαွ်αα္ αီαြα္αႈ ααွိ၊ α‘αွားαုိ αα္αံαα္ ααိၱαα α္αွ ααွိαူαဲေαာေααာα္αူα်ား αΏαα ္ေααာα္းေαααြα္αာေαာ့αα္။ αုိα α₯္α αုαိααာαြα္ေαး α¦းα ီးα်ဳα္αΏαα ္αူ ေα‘ာα္ααီးα
"ααα္ α‘αိα္αေαးαဲ့α ာαူαာαΏαီး ααα္းαုα္းαုိ ေαးαာαူ αုိα္αα္းα ိα္ αΏαα ္αါαα္။ αααၢαΏαဳိαုိα αုိα္းααုိα္ေαြ α်ီα‘ီးαုိး α‘α္α်α္αီαာ αα္αြဲαုိαွာαူ၊ α‘ဲαီαွာ ααုံေαာα္αုိα α ီα‘αီ αα္αα α ္ αα α₯α္းαုိေαွာα္ ေαးαြားαူαုိα္းαူαာ αိုα္ေα်ာ္α ုိးαါ။ α ီα‘ုိαီ αα္αွဴး αိုα္αα္းαုိ αုိα္αွာαΏαီး၊ α‘α္းαုိα္αုိ αြားေαာα္αူααာαါ။ αြဲαုိα α‘αိα္αေαးαူေαြαာ αΏαα္αဲေαးαα္ααီး၊ αုံαΏαဳံေαးေαာα္α ီ α₯αၠα αုိα္ေα်ာ္α ုိး αΏαα ္αါαα္။ ααα္ αုိα္းααုိα္ေαြ αα္ααဲ့ αα္α α‘α္α်α္αီαာ αα္ αုိα္αွဴးαြα္းαီ αΏαα ္αါαα္။α‘ားαုံးαုိα္းααုိα္ေαြ αα္ααာαာ αံαα္αα္းα‘ားααီးαွ αΏαα ္αါαα္၊ αα္αွα္αုိးαα့္ α‘αာαွိααီးααီးαားαား ααွိαုိααုαα‘ေαာα္ေααုα္း αα္းေαွ်ာα္αα္း ေαာα္αာαဲ့ αုိα္αွဴးααီး αα္းαိα္းαΏαα ္αါαα္။ αူααα္αΏαီး αြဲαဲ့α‘αိα္α αα္αွα္αုိးေαးαုိα၊ αုိα္αြα္းαီ α ေαΏαာαုိα ၊ αူααα္αွα္αα္αုိးαΏαီးαုိα္းααုိα္ αြဲαာαΏαα ္αါαα္ ααားαံ αΏαα ္αွာαဲ့ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီး αုိαူαာ αိုα္αွဴးααီးαွαα္ႏွα့္ αုိα္α်ဳα္ α‘ိα္αုိα္α‘αြား αါေαာαα‘α်ဳα္ ααာααီး α¦းαာ αုိ αို္α္αွαα္α αααၢαΏαဳိαုိα α‘αိα္αααα္αုိα ေαΏαာαာ αα္ααားαေαာ့ α‘αဲα ြα္ααΏαီး၊ αိုα္ေα်ာ္α ုိး αွိαာ α‘αံαႊα့္αုံαုိ αα္αီαုα္းαα္αΏαီး၊α‘ဲ့αီαိα α₯αုိαα္αားေαးαါ၊ αုိα္α်ဳα္αုိ αြ်α္ေαာ္ေαΏαာαါαα္ αုိαΏαီး၊ αုိေαာα္ေαာ့αဲ αာαွ αေαΏαာαဲ ααိα့္ααα္αα္းαဲα αားαဲ့αူ αΏαα ္αါαα္ "αုαူ၏ α ာαα္းαြα္ ေα့αα္ေααာα္αα္ ေαးαားαာ ေαΏααွα္းαα္။
αုိα္ေααα္းα ααα္ α‘ααီα္ααိα္ေαΏααွα္းαα္။ αူ၏ ေαာα္αုံးေαα αူαုααα္ααံေαာ့ααΏαα့္ ααα α₯αၠαααီး αာαူးαွ αြα္ေαးαေαာေαααြα္ αα္ αူα
ုαူေαးေαွααွာ αြ်α္ေαာ္α
αားေαΏαာαာ ααုα‘ααိα္αာ ေαာα္αုံး α‘ααိα္αΏαα
္αုိα္αာαုိα ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားα αြ်α္ေαာ္ႏွα့္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαး ေαာα္α
ီααြဲααုံးα‘ေαα α‘αα္αြဲေααα့္ α‘αΏαα
္α‘α်α္ααု αα္αΏααါαေα
αု αါαီαီαာαံαွ αα္αံ αွα္းαΏαα္၏။ ααၠαုိα္ αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦း αို αααα αုႏွα
္ α်ဳ αုိα္ α αα္ေαααံαα္αြα္ ေαါα္αြဲ α်α္αီးαဲ့αα္αုိ α‘α်ားαိαΏαီး αΏαα
္αါαα္။ ααα α်ဴαုိα္α α αα္ေαααေα αြ်α္ေαာ္ ေαာα္αြα္αဲ့αα့္ α‘αုိα္းαုိ ေαααΏααွ αΏαα့္α
ုံαα္ αΏαα
္၍ ေαααΏααါαα္။ αုိေαα αေα α
αာαီαα္ααြα္ ေααα္αα
္αံ ααား၍ αြ်α္ေαာ္α αα္αီαုα္းαΏαα့္ αုိα္ေα်ာ္α
ုိးαုိ α‘ေαΏαα‘ေα ေαးαာ ααာααီး α¦းαာαုိααိαားα
ုα‘ား ေαးαα္းαα့္ ေααာαုိα αုိαားαΏαီαΏαα
္ေααာα္းေαΏαာαါαα္။ αူαူαူ ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαုိ αα္းαိαΏαီαားαု ေαးαာ ααိေαးေααာα္း αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαြα္း α‘α်ဳိααွိေααာα္း ေαΏαာααΏαα့္ αြ်α္ေαာ္α αဲα်ား αα္αေαာ္αားα်ား ေαာα္αα္ α‘αာαα ααွိαေα‘ာα္ ေα‘ာα္αါα‘αုိα္း αြα္ααားαါαα္။
(α) αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦း α‘αြα္းαွိ αူα်ားαုိ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαြα္းαွ αြα္αာ α‘αα္းαံαα္ α‘αံα်ဲαα α္αΏαα့္ ေαΏαာαα္၊ αြα္ ααာαါα αα္αα္ααီးα်ား αုံးαα္αုိαα့္ α‘α်α္αဲ့ေαΏαာαα္
(α)α‘αာαααα္ αြα္၍ α‘αα္းααံαါ αီαြိဳα္ αα္ αα္းαΏαα့္ αα ္αα္းαα္ αုိα‘α္αါα αီαြိဳα္αα္ αα္းαုံးαα္၊ α‘αα္αါα‘α်α္αုိααုိ αေαွာα္αα္ αΏαီးေα‘ာα္ ေαာα္ αြα္αα္။
αီေααာαွာ α‘ေαးααီးαာ αြ်α္ေαာ္ေαΏαာαါαα္။ ေαါα္αြဲ α်α္αီးαα္ α‘αြα္ ေαြးေႏြးαΏαα္း၊ αုံးαΏαα္αΏαα္းαုိααြα္ αြ်α္ေαာ္ ႏွα့္ ααြ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαα္ α‘α်ဳိααုိα ααါαဲ့αါ။ α်ဴαုိα္α α αα္ေαααံα္αြα္ αုံးααီးααီး ααုံး ေαါα္αြဲααဲ့αုိα α‘αြα္αΏαα္းαα္ေαာ αΏαα္αီးαံααီး ααားαααΏαα့္ α ုံα α္းေαာ့αွ αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦း αုိ(αုိα္းααုိα္း) αုိαႏွα့္ α်α္αီးαုိα္ေααာα္း αြ်α္ေαာ္αိααါαα္။ α‘αΏαားေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαα္ α‘ေαာ္α်ားα်ား αα္း αုိေαါα္αြဲαံααားαΏαီးαွ αိααααါαα္။
αုိαေαာ္ α‘αံαႊα့္αုံαြα္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαး ေαာα္α ီ α‘α်ဳိααုိααΏαα့္ αြဲαα α္းαားေαာ αုံαΏαဳံေαးေαာα္α ီα‘ားαုံးႏွα့္ αုံαΏαဳံေαးαာαα္ αူαေαာ αုံαΏαဳံေαးေαာα္α ီ α₯αၠα αုိα္αွဴးααီး ေα်ာ္α ုိး၊ αုိα္αွဴးααီး αွαα္၊ αုိα္αွဴးααီးေα ာαΏαα့္၊ αုိα္αွဴးααီး ααီ၊ ေαာα္αွα္းေαး αုိα္αွဴးααီးေαာα္αြα္ ααα္းααီး α¦းαေα‘းαုိα ေαာα္ေααααါαα္။ αုိ α်ဴαုိα္α α αα္ေαα αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαုိ αΏαဳိαုိα္ေααာα္း αိαΏαီး ေαာα္ αုိα္ေα်ာ္α ုိး αို ေαα၍ေαးαာ α αα္ေαααေαα αြ်α္ေαာ္α αααၢα‘αြα္း αα္ေαာα္ေααα့္αူαူαူ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαုိ αα္းαီးαာαြα္ αုိα‘α္αွ်α္ αီαြိဳα္းαα္αα္းαုိαုံαုိα္αα္αုိαα့္ α‘α်α္αုိ αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α်α္αုိα္းαα္ αူαααΏαα့္ α်α္αုိα္αα္ αုေαΏααါαα္။ αီαုိαုိαα္αα္း αား αားα်α္း၊ αွံαွံ α်α္းαုိαα့္ α αားαုံးα်ား αါαα့္ ေαααΏαာα်α္αုိ α‘αံαႊα့္αုိα္αါαα္။ ေαာα္αုံးေαး αααာαΏαီးေαာα္ αြ်α္ေαာ္ α‘αα္αူးαူးႏွα့္ αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α်α္αုိα α‘αိα္αေαးαα္αု αုိα္αံαΏαားααα္းα ာ ααာαုိα α‘αုိα္းα‘αုိα္း ေαΏαာαုိေααα္αုိ ααားα၍ αုိα္ေα်ာ္α ုိးαုိ αြ်α္ေαာ္ α‘αα္αူးαΏαီး α်α္αုိα α‘αိα္αေαးαα္ αုိα αြ်α္ေαာ္ αေαာα္αဲαုိ ααားαံ αုα္αားαα္။ α‘ဲ့αါေααာα့္ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေααα α‘αΏαα ္α‘α်α္αုိ ေαΏαာαΏααုိα္းαါαα္။ α‘ဲ့αီေαာ့αွ αုိα္ေα်ာ္α ုိးα α‘αΏαα ္α‘α်α္ α‘αွα္αုိ ေαΏαာαΏααါေαာ့αα္။ α‘αα္α ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီ αα္αါα αြα္ α ိα္αα္းαြဲαααာေαြ αေααေα‘ာα္αုိα αုံးαုံးαိαိ ေαΏααဲ့αΏαα္းαΏαα ္αါαα္။
α‘αΏαα ္α‘α်α္ α‘αွα္αွာ αုိ α αα္ေααα α‘αံαႊα့္ αုံαွိαူα ုαဲαွ αα¦းαေαာα္α α်α္αα ္αွ်α္ ေαာα္းαα္αု ေαΏαာαာαွ α်α္αα့္ αα်α္αα့္αုိ ေαြးေႏြးαααါαα္။ ေαာα္αုံး αုိα္α်ဳα္αုိ α‘αိေαးαΏαီး αုိα္α်ဳα္αေαာαူ αွ်α္ α်α္αα္αု αုံးαΏαα္αααါαα္။ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီးα αုိα္α်ဳα္αံ αူαြားαΏαီး αα္αΏααα္၊ αေαာαူ ααူ α‘ေαΏααုိ αူαူαဲ့αα္ေαΏαာαΏαီး αုိαွαα္αုိ ေαα၍αားႏွα့္ αြα္αြားαါαα္။ αုိαေαာα္ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီး α‘αံαႊα့္αုံαုိα αΏαα္αာαΏαီး αုိα္α်ဳα္α αေαာαူαုိα္αΏαီαု ေαΏαာααΏαα့္ α‘αံαြα့္ αုံαွိαူαုိα္αုိα αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦း αုိ α်α္αုိα αα α₯α္းα်ား α ုαΏαီး α်α္αα ္αုိα္αါαα္။ αုိα‘ေαΏααုိ ααΏαီးေαာα္ αို္α္ေα‘ာα္ααီးααါαဲ α်α္ေαာ္αွα္ေαး ေαာα္α ီαα္α်ားαုိ ေαα၍ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီး αြ်α္ေαာ္αုိ ααα္αΏααဲႏွα့္ αြ်α္ေαာ္၏ αေαာαုိ αေαးαဲႏွα့္ α‘αံαႊα့္αုံαွိ αူαုိα္αုိ αြ်α္ေαာ္αေαာαူ αုိα္αα္αု ေαΏαာαα့္ α‘ေααာα္းαα္αΏααဲ့αါαα္။............αု αိုα္ေααα္းα αုိα္းαΏαα္αုိα αွα္းαΏααα္။
αုိα္ေααα္း၏ ေαာα္αုံးေαα α်α္ေαΏα ααၤာ α ာαα္းααီးαွာ αာαα္ααါ α ာαားαေα်ာαါ။ α‘αΏαα ္αွα္αုိ αုိα္ေαြαα်α္αΏαα္ αိαွိαဲ့ေαာ ααα္းေαာα္α်ား α‘αုိα α ာαွα္ααီးαုိ αုံးေα ့αα္ေα ့ αα္αΏαီး αုိα္ေααα္း၊ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီးႏွα့္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαα္ α α ္αုိα္ααီးα်ားαα္ αα္းααဳိαα္းααားαွ αါးαုိα္ႏႈိα္ α‘αြဲα၏ α‘αα့္αα္ααွိ။ α‘ေαးααဳံα αိαိαုိα္ αြα္αုံးαာ αြα္αူα ြာ αုα္ေαααုိα္αα္ αုိ ααားαံαု αα္αွိဳးαုိး၍ ေααေαာα္ αုα္αααα္αုိ αိαာαα္αွားα ြာ αΏαα္ေαြααααေααα္။
α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαြးေα်ာα္းαီး αူαα္αြဲααီးႏွα့္ αα္αα္၍(α) αုိα္ေααα္းα ေα ာေα ာα ααိ ေααα္αံααားαွ αိααα္αု ေαΏααွα္းαΏαα္းαα္ αိα္αာေαာ αုαားαΏαα ္αα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားαုိα ေαာေαΏαာα်α္αုိ αူααံαုိα ααိဳးαဲ့ α‘αံαႊα့္αြα္ႏွα့္ αႊα့္ααားေαးေαာေααာα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ α‘αံαုိ α ိα္αုိးαာ αα္αΏαα္αိα္ααုα္αα္αွာ αိုα္ေααα္း αုိα္αုိα္αΏαα ္αα္။
(α) αုိα α₯္α αα္α¦းαွ αα ္αိα္αေαးααူ αုိα္α ိα္αြα္α αိαိαα္ αုိα္ေααα္း၏ α‘αိα္αα‘α αα ္αိα္αေαးαဲ့αါαα္αု ααα αါαီα်α္ေαာα‘αါαြα္ ေαΏααွα္းေαααုα္αဲ့αα္။
(α) ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αα္α်α္ႏွα့္ αဲ α α¦း α α¦း αα္αာααွိαα္αု αုိα္ေααα္းα ေαΏαာαα္αွာαα္း αိα္αာေαာ αုαားαΏαα ္αα္။ α‘ေαာα္αα္း αံαါး αွα္ααွ်αုိ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားα αိα္αားαုိα္ αΏαα္α αွိ α α ္αα္α αα ္αα္ αα္αΏαα္α်ိα္αြα္ ααၠαုိα္ αα္αα္းα်α္αြα္ αဲαေαာα္αွααွိ၊ ေα်ာα္းαားαုိαα αဲαုိαα‘ား αα္αΏαဳαα္ ααΏαα ္αုိα္
(α) ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦း α်α္ႏွာααα္αြα္ ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαုိ αα္αΏαα္αα္ α¦းαα္α်α္αΏαα့္ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းααီးαုိ α်α္ေα α‘αိα္αေαးαူαွာ αုိα္ေααα္းαΏαα ္αα္။ αα်α္αα္ αα္ααားေααα္ေαΏαာေαာ αုαိα α α ္α¦းα ီးα်ဳα္ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီးαα္း αာαα္αွိαα္။
(α) ααα αုိ α်α္αီးαΏαီး ေαာα္αေαα αံαα္ αာေααာα့္ α်α္ααα္αု ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီ၏ ေαααΏαာα်α္αြα္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαα္ α α္းαဲ့αα္းαဲ့ αααုိ αΏαα္ααα့္ αာαα္αα္ αိαိαုိα α‘ေαααြα္ α်ေαာα္ေαααΏαα့္ αα္αေαာ္၏ α‘ားαα ိα္ αေαααုိ αုံး၍ ေαΏααွα္းαုိα္ααΏαα္း αΏαα ္αα္။ αု ααα္းα ာαုိααွ αုα္αΏαα္ αဲ့αါαွ်α္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီ α₯αၠα α αိαိ ααိαါ၊ αိαိ αါαα္αΏαα္း ααွိαါαု ေαΏαာαα္αွာαα္း ααုα္ααွα္ေαာ αုαားαု αα္αွားαα္။
(α ) ααုαΏαα ္α်α္αα့္ αိα α₯αα္ ေα်ာα္းαား αိα α₯ααုαα္းααုα္αဲ αုိα္αံေαး α‘ေαွာα့္ αေαာα αα္းα ားαα္αုိαာ αြ်α္ေαာ္αုိα αိα္α ားαိαါαα္" αု αုိα္ေααα္း၏ αααၢα်α္αေααာα္း αုိα္αုိα္ α‘αံαႊα့္α်α္၌ ေα်ာα္းαားαုိαေαာα္αွ ααα αိုα αါေααα္ ေαΏαာαα္αွာαα္း αိα္αာαီαα္α်α္αΏαα ္αα္၊ αုိα‘α်ိα္α αုိα္ေααα္းα αΏαဳိαေαααွိαα္αα္α် ααα α်ားαုိ αိα္းαြα္းαာ ေαာαြα္းαွိ ααα α်ား α‘αα္းαα္αα္ α αားαα္းαွα္းေαα်ိα္αΏαα ္αα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားαုိα αႈα္αွားαႈαα္ αΏαα္α αေαာααါαα္αုိ αိαါαွ်α္ αα္αΏαα္αႈααီး ႏွα့္ α်α္αီးαႈααီးαုိ αူαုα αα္αံေα‘ာα္ αီαα္ေαΏαာαုိα်α္αာ αΏαα ္αα္။
(α)ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားα‘ား αα္αΏαα္αΏαီးေαာα္ "αြ်α္ေαာ္αုိααုိ α‘ေαΏαာαααွာ αα ္αြα္းေα αΏαα္းα‘ားαΏαα့္ α‘αုα္α်α္αြα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္α ူးαΏαီး ααα္αုα္ေααααα္ αုိαွ်α္ေαာ့ αြ်α္ေαာ္ ေαာα္αα္αာαွ αေαΏαာေαာ့αါαူး α‘αα္းαုံး αားαုိ αားα်α္း αွံαုိ αွံα်α္း αိုα္αုိααာ αွိαါေαာ့αα္" αုေαΏαာαα္αွာ ေαါααံႏွα့္ αုံαီေααα္αုိ ααားααူ αူαုα αိαွိαားαα္αααα္။ αုိα္ေααα္းαာαူးαွ αα္းေαးαေαာ αα αုႏွα ္α α α ္αα္αုိαာ αα ္αα္ αွα္ေα‘ာα္αα ္αα္။ αုိးေααေαာα္αΏαီး ေαါα္αာααါαူး၊ ေαာα္αုိ αူαူαူαူ αုα္αဲ့αူေαြေαာ့ ααα္αာαူးαုိααာ αွα္ေαေαာ့ αု ေαΏαာαဲ့ေαာ αိα္ααြα္းαွာ α‘αံ αα်ဳိးαα္း αွိαα္αုိ αူαုα ααိααααα္။
(α)αုိα α₯္α αα္ေαြααα္αΏαα္ αုံαွ်αα ႏွုα္αွ αα္း α α ္ေαααΏαာαဲ့αါαွ်α္ ေαာα္αုိα္းαွ αူαα္αα္ αါαα္αα္ αူα်α္αα္ αါα်α္αα္ αု αα¦းαုိ αα¦းα αα္αွဳိးαုိး၍ ေααေαာα္αုα္ααေα αာαူ ေαါα္းေαွာα္ααေα αာαူ αုိα္ေααα္းαα္ α‘αိα ααားαံ αΏαα ္αα္αုိ αူαုαေα့αααုိα္ေα။
α€α‘α်α္α်ားαုိ ေαာα္αႈα၍ αα္αေαာ္ααီးαုိ α¦းα ီးααေαာ αုိα္ေααα္းႏွα့္ α α ္αုိα္ααီးα်ားαα္ αိα္းα ားαါးαုိα္ႏွိα္ α‘αြဲααα္αုိααွ်αα္ ααၱိααွိ αြα္α ြာ αူαဲေαာ ေααာα္αααα္αုိ αိαာαα္αွားα ြာ αΏαα္αိαုိα္ααေααα္။ αိုα္ေααα္း ႏွα့္ α α ္αိုα္αα ုαα္ α‘αၤαိα္ αα္α်ဲααုိ αုိα္αဲ့ေαာ ေα်ာα္းαား αုိα္αံေαး αႈα္αွားαႈ်α်ားαြα္ αူαုိααါαα္αဲ့αΏαα္း ααွိααΏαα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ αြα္αα္ေαးαုိα္αြဲ αααုိ ααုိα္းαွ ေα်ာα္αုိαααα္။ αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α‘αူαီး αာαာαΏαားαα¦း α‘αΏαားαာαာ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαုိ ααΏαα္αုိααααဲ့αုိα α်α္αီးαဲ့αααα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား αααၢ၌ αုα္းေααααα္αု ααα္းαααΏαα့္ αα္αΏαα္αα္ ေαြးαာေαေαာေααာα့္ α်α္αီးαααα္။
αုိα္αံ αα္α αွ α αα္αΏαီး αα္αေαာ္αα္ αူαုိααဲ့αုိα αူαဲေαာေααာα္αΏαီး αုိα္ေααα္းႏွα္ ေαာαααα္ αြα္αဲαူαုိα၏ αα္αြα္းαုိα α်ေαာα္ααα္αွာ αုိα္αံ၏ αံααααΌာ αာαΏαα ္ေα်ေαာ့၏။αုိα္ေααα္းαα္ αူαα္αြဲααီး α‘αီးαြα္ ေαါα္းαႈα္ααΏαα့္ α‘αα္းေαΏαα¦းαα္αုαုိαာ α₯ေαာααုိα α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေααα α‘αα္းေαΏα ααီးαြα္ေαာα‘αါ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီးα‘ား αုိα္းαΏαα္αုိ α‘α္၍ αα္းαဲααα့္αုα္ေαာ့αြာ αု αာαα္ေαးα‘α္αဲ့αα္။ α₯ေαာααြား αုိα္ေααα္းα္ α‘αွα္ααα္ α‘αα္းေαΏααြားαα္αΏαα ္၏။ αΏαα္αာαုိα္αံαြα္ αΏαα္းαြဲα်ား α်α္းααΏαα္းααΏαဳααု ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီα₯αၠα α‘ာαာαΏαα့္ αူαုိα္αုိα္ α‘αိα္ααုα္αဲ့αα္။ αုိαေαာ္ αα္α α₯္ααα္ ေαာα္းαα ား αါααာαုံαဲ့ေαာေααာα့္ ေαာα္းαα ားαြဲ ααြားαααΏαα့္ α်α္းαိ αΏαီးေαြαေα αα္။ α‘αα္းေαΏαααီးαုိ α‘αၤαα္αΏαα္ αα္αα္αΏαဳိααုိααြားαာ αΏαα္းαΏαိဳα္αဲ ေαြးαΏαဳိα္αြဲα်ားαုိα αြားေαာα္ ေαာα္းαα ားαΏαα္းαΏαα့္ α‘αα္းေαΏααဲ့αα္။ αုိααီးαΏαီး ေαာα္ႏွα ္α်ားαြα္ αႏွα ္αွ်α္ αါး ααီα္ႏႈα္းαα္α α₯ေαာααုိααြားαာ ေαာα္းαα ားαြဲα်ား α‘αα္းေαΏαေα့αွိαဲ့αα္။
ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ αα္αΏαα္၍ αααၢαိုα်α္αီးαΏαီး α₯ေαာααုိα α‘αα္းေαΏα ααြα္αွီαေαးαြα္ αုိα္ေααα္းα ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားα‘ား αေα‘ ႏွα αုိα္းα ုိα္းα ြာ αဲαုိαာ α‘αိα္αေαးαဲ့ေαးαα္။ "αေα‘ x ေαြ၊ ေα်ာα္းααα္ααေα αဲα ၊ ααၠαုိα္α‘ားαုံး αိα္αား......." αု αားααီးα်α္း αုိα္α်α္း αα ာααာ α‘αိα္ααုα္αဲ့αα္။ αူ၏ေαα္ αေαွ်ာα္αုံး ေα်ာα္းαားαႈα္αွားαႈေαααုိα္း ααၠαုိα္α်ားαုိ ႏွα ္αွα္ αα်ား αိα္αα္ α‘αိα္α αုα္ေα့ αွိαာ αူ၏ ααα့္α α ္α‘α ုိးαα်ားααα္း αုိαα္းα α₯္αုိ αα္αα္α်α့္αုံးααααΏαα့္ α α ္α‘α ုိးαα်ား ေαα္၌ ေαါα္αြားαα့္ αΏαα္αာ αူαα္α်ား α‘αα္αα္းααာ ααα္αααဲ αူαြα္ααုံးααααွာေααα္။
ေααးαုံα¦းေαာα္း
Read More here
(α) αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦း α‘αြα္းαွိ αူα်ားαုိ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαြα္းαွ αြα္αာ α‘αα္းαံαα္ α‘αံα်ဲαα α္αΏαα့္ ေαΏαာαα္၊ αြα္ ααာαါα αα္αα္ααီးα်ား αုံးαα္αုိαα့္ α‘α်α္αဲ့ေαΏαာαα္
(α)α‘αာαααα္ αြα္၍ α‘αα္းααံαါ αီαြိဳα္ αα္ αα္းαΏαα့္ αα ္αα္းαα္ αုိα‘α္αါα αီαြိဳα္αα္ αα္းαုံးαα္၊ α‘αα္αါα‘α်α္αုိααုိ αေαွာα္αα္ αΏαီးေα‘ာα္ ေαာα္ αြα္αα္။
αီေααာαွာ α‘ေαးααီးαာ αြ်α္ေαာ္ေαΏαာαါαα္။ ေαါα္αြဲ α်α္αီးαα္ α‘αြα္ ေαြးေႏြးαΏαα္း၊ αုံးαΏαα္αΏαα္းαုိααြα္ αြ်α္ေαာ္ ႏွα့္ ααြ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαα္ α‘α်ဳိααုိα ααါαဲ့αါ။ α်ဴαုိα္α α αα္ေαααံα္αြα္ αုံးααီးααီး ααုံး ေαါα္αြဲααဲ့αုိα α‘αြα္αΏαα္းαα္ေαာ αΏαα္αီးαံααီး ααားαααΏαα့္ α ုံα α္းေαာ့αွ αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦း αုိ(αုိα္းααုိα္း) αုိαႏွα့္ α်α္αီးαုိα္ေααာα္း αြ်α္ေαာ္αိααါαα္။ α‘αΏαားေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαα္ α‘ေαာ္α်ားα်ား αα္း αုိေαါα္αြဲαံααားαΏαီးαွ αိααααါαα္။
αုိαေαာ္ α‘αံαႊα့္αုံαြα္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαး ေαာα္α ီ α‘α်ဳိααုိααΏαα့္ αြဲαα α္းαားေαာ αုံαΏαဳံေαးေαာα္α ီα‘ားαုံးႏွα့္ αုံαΏαဳံေαးαာαα္ αူαေαာ αုံαΏαဳံေαးေαာα္α ီ α₯αၠα αုိα္αွဴးααီး ေα်ာ္α ုိး၊ αုိα္αွဴးααီး αွαα္၊ αုိα္αွဴးααီးေα ာαΏαα့္၊ αုိα္αွဴးααီး ααီ၊ ေαာα္αွα္းေαး αုိα္αွဴးααီးေαာα္αြα္ ααα္းααီး α¦းαေα‘းαုိα ေαာα္ေααααါαα္။ αုိ α်ဴαုိα္α α αα္ေαα αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαုိ αΏαဳိαုိα္ေααာα္း αိαΏαီး ေαာα္ αုိα္ေα်ာ္α ုိး αို ေαα၍ေαးαာ α αα္ေαααေαα αြ်α္ေαာ္α αααၢα‘αြα္း αα္ေαာα္ေααα့္αူαူαူ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαုိ αα္းαီးαာαြα္ αုိα‘α္αွ်α္ αီαြိဳα္းαα္αα္းαုိαုံαုိα္αα္αုိαα့္ α‘α်α္αုိ αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α်α္αုိα္းαα္ αူαααΏαα့္ α်α္αုိα္αα္ αုေαΏααါαα္။ αီαုိαုိαα္αα္း αား αားα်α္း၊ αွံαွံ α်α္းαုိαα့္ α αားαုံးα်ား αါαα့္ ေαααΏαာα်α္αုိ α‘αံαႊα့္αုိα္αါαα္။ ေαာα္αုံးေαး αααာαΏαီးေαာα္ αြ်α္ေαာ္ α‘αα္αူးαူးႏွα့္ αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α်α္αုိα α‘αိα္αေαးαα္αု αုိα္αံαΏαားααα္းα ာ ααာαုိα α‘αုိα္းα‘αုိα္း ေαΏαာαုိေααα္αုိ ααားα၍ αုိα္ေα်ာ္α ုိးαုိ αြ်α္ေαာ္ α‘αα္αူးαΏαီး α်α္αုိα α‘αိα္αေαးαα္ αုိα αြ်α္ေαာ္ αေαာα္αဲαုိ ααားαံ αုα္αားαα္။ α‘ဲ့αါေααာα့္ α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေααα α‘αΏαα ္α‘α်α္αုိ ေαΏαာαΏααုိα္းαါαα္။ α‘ဲ့αီေαာ့αွ αုိα္ေα်ာ္α ုိးα α‘αΏαα ္α‘α်α္ α‘αွα္αုိ ေαΏαာαΏααါေαာ့αα္။ α‘αα္α ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီ αα္αါα αြα္ α ိα္αα္းαြဲαααာေαြ αေααေα‘ာα္αုိα αုံးαုံးαိαိ ေαΏααဲ့αΏαα္းαΏαα ္αါαα္။
α‘αΏαα ္α‘α်α္ α‘αွα္αွာ αုိ α αα္ေααα α‘αံαႊα့္ αုံαွိαူα ုαဲαွ αα¦းαေαာα္α α်α္αα ္αွ်α္ ေαာα္းαα္αု ေαΏαာαာαွ α်α္αα့္ αα်α္αα့္αုိ ေαြးေႏြးαααါαα္။ ေαာα္αုံး αုိα္α်ဳα္αုိ α‘αိေαးαΏαီး αုိα္α်ဳα္αေαာαူ αွ်α္ α်α္αα္αု αုံးαΏαα္αααါαα္။ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီးα αုိα္α်ဳα္αံ αူαြားαΏαီး αα္αΏααα္၊ αေαာαူ ααူ α‘ေαΏααုိ αူαူαဲ့αα္ေαΏαာαΏαီး αုိαွαα္αုိ ေαα၍αားႏွα့္ αြα္αြားαါαα္။ αုိαေαာα္ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီး α‘αံαႊα့္αုံαုိα αΏαα္αာαΏαီး αုိα္α်ဳα္α αေαာαူαုိα္αΏαီαု ေαΏαာααΏαα့္ α‘αံαြα့္ αုံαွိαူαုိα္αုိα αααၢα‘ေαာα္α‘α¦း αုိ α်α္αုိα αα α₯α္းα်ား α ုαΏαီး α်α္αα ္αုိα္αါαα္။ αုိα‘ေαΏααုိ ααΏαီးေαာα္ αို္α္ေα‘ာα္ααီးααါαဲ α်α္ေαာ္αွα္ေαး ေαာα္α ီαα္α်ားαုိ ေαα၍ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီး αြ်α္ေαာ္αုိ ααα္αΏααဲႏွα့္ αြ်α္ေαာ္၏ αေαာαုိ αေαးαဲႏွα့္ α‘αံαႊα့္αုံαွိ αူαုိα္αုိ αြ်α္ေαာ္αေαာαူ αုိα္αα္αု ေαΏαာαα့္ α‘ေααာα္းαα္αΏααဲ့αါαα္။............αု αိုα္ေααα္းα αုိα္းαΏαα္αုိα αွα္းαΏααα္။
αုိα္ေααα္း၏ ေαာα္αုံးေαα α်α္ေαΏα ααၤာ α ာαα္းααီးαွာ αာαα္ααါ α ာαားαေα်ာαါ။ α‘αΏαα ္αွα္αုိ αုိα္ေαြαα်α္αΏαα္ αိαွိαဲ့ေαာ ααα္းေαာα္α်ား α‘αုိα α ာαွα္ααီးαုိ αုံးေα ့αα္ေα ့ αα္αΏαီး αုိα္ေααα္း၊ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီးႏွα့္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαα္ α α ္αုိα္ααီးα်ားαα္ αα္းααဳိαα္းααားαွ αါးαုိα္ႏႈိα္ α‘αြဲα၏ α‘αα့္αα္ααွိ။ α‘ေαးααဳံα αိαိαုိα္ αြα္αုံးαာ αြα္αူα ြာ αုα္ေαααုိα္αα္ αုိ ααားαံαု αα္αွိဳးαုိး၍ ေααေαာα္ αုα္αααα္αုိ αိαာαα္αွားα ြာ αΏαα္ေαြααααေααα္။
α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေαြးေα်ာα္းαီး αူαα္αြဲααီးႏွα့္ αα္αα္၍(α) αုိα္ေααα္းα ေα ာေα ာα ααိ ေααα္αံααားαွ αိααα္αု ေαΏααွα္းαΏαα္းαα္ αိα္αာေαာ αုαားαΏαα ္αα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားαုိα ေαာေαΏαာα်α္αုိ αူααံαုိα ααိဳးαဲ့ α‘αံαႊα့္αြα္ႏွα့္ αႊα့္ααားေαးေαာေααာα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ α‘αံαုိ α ိα္αုိးαာ αα္αΏαα္αိα္ααုα္αα္αွာ αိုα္ေααα္း αုိα္αုိα္αΏαα ္αα္။
(α) αုိα α₯္α αα္α¦းαွ αα ္αိα္αေαးααူ αုိα္α ိα္αြα္α αိαိαα္ αုိα္ေααα္း၏ α‘αိα္αα‘α αα ္αိα္αေαးαဲ့αါαα္αု ααα αါαီα်α္ေαာα‘αါαြα္ ေαΏααွα္းေαααုα္αဲ့αα္။
(α) ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား αα္α်α္ႏွα့္ αဲ α α¦း α α¦း αα္αာααွိαα္αု αုိα္ေααα္းα ေαΏαာαα္αွာαα္း αိα္αာေαာ αုαားαΏαα ္αα္။ α‘ေαာα္αα္း αံαါး αွα္ααွ်αုိ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားα αိα္αားαုိα္ αΏαα္α αွိ α α ္αα္α αα ္αα္ αα္αΏαα္α်ိα္αြα္ ααၠαုိα္ αα္αα္းα်α္αြα္ αဲαေαာα္αွααွိ၊ ေα်ာα္းαားαုိαα αဲαုိαα‘ား αα္αΏαဳαα္ ααΏαα ္αုိα္
(α) ααα α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦း α်α္ႏွာααα္αြα္ ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαုိ αα္αΏαα္αα္ α¦းαα္α်α္αΏαα့္ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းααီးαုိ α်α္ေα α‘αိα္αေαးαူαွာ αုိα္ေααα္းαΏαα ္αα္။ αα်α္αα္ αα္ααားေααα္ေαΏαာေαာ αုαိα α α ္α¦းα ီးα်ဳα္ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီးαα္း αာαα္αွိαα္။
(α) ααα αုိ α်α္αီးαΏαီး ေαာα္αေαα αံαα္ αာေααာα့္ α်α္ααα္αု ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီ၏ ေαααΏαာα်α္αြα္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီαα္ α α္းαဲ့αα္းαဲ့ αααုိ αΏαα္ααα့္ αာαα္αα္ αိαိαုိα α‘ေαααြα္ α်ေαာα္ေαααΏαα့္ αα္αေαာ္၏ α‘ားαα ိα္ αေαααုိ αုံး၍ ေαΏααွα္းαုိα္ααΏαα္း αΏαα ္αα္။ αု ααα္းα ာαုိααွ αုα္αΏαα္ αဲ့αါαွ်α္ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီ α₯αၠα α αိαိ ααိαါ၊ αိαိ αါαα္αΏαα္း ααွိαါαု ေαΏαာαα္αွာαα္း ααုα္ααွα္ေαာ αုαားαု αα္αွားαα္။
(α ) ααုαΏαα ္α်α္αα့္ αိα α₯αα္ ေα်ာα္းαား αိα α₯ααုαα္းααုα္αဲ αုိα္αံေαး α‘ေαွာα့္ αေαာα αα္းα ားαα္αုိαာ αြ်α္ေαာ္αုိα αိα္α ားαိαါαα္" αု αုိα္ေααα္း၏ αααၢα်α္αေααာα္း αုိα္αုိα္ α‘αံαႊα့္α်α္၌ ေα်ာα္းαားαုိαေαာα္αွ ααα αိုα αါေααα္ ေαΏαာαα္αွာαα္း αိα္αာαီαα္α်α္αΏαα ္αα္၊ αုိα‘α်ိα္α αုိα္ေααα္းα αΏαဳိαေαααွိαα္αα္α် ααα α်ားαုိ αိα္းαြα္းαာ ေαာαြα္းαွိ ααα α်ား α‘αα္းαα္αα္ α αားαα္းαွα္းေαα်ိα္αΏαα ္αα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားαုိα αႈα္αွားαႈαα္ αΏαα္α αေαာααါαα္αုိ αိαါαွ်α္ αα္αΏαα္αႈααီး ႏွα့္ α်α္αီးαႈααီးαုိ αူαုα αα္αံေα‘ာα္ αီαα္ေαΏαာαုိα်α္αာ αΏαα ္αα္။
(α)ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားα‘ား αα္αΏαα္αΏαီးေαာα္ "αြ်α္ေαာ္αုိααုိ α‘ေαΏαာαααွာ αα ္αြα္းေα αΏαα္းα‘ားαΏαα့္ α‘αုα္α်α္αြα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္α ူးαΏαီး ααα္αုα္ေααααα္ αုိαွ်α္ေαာ့ αြ်α္ေαာ္ ေαာα္αα္αာαွ αေαΏαာေαာ့αါαူး α‘αα္းαုံး αားαုိ αားα်α္း αွံαုိ αွံα်α္း αိုα္αုိααာ αွိαါေαာ့αα္" αုေαΏαာαα္αွာ ေαါααံႏွα့္ αုံαီေααα္αုိ ααားααူ αူαုα αိαွိαားαα္αααα္။ αုိα္ေααα္းαာαူးαွ αα္းေαးαေαာ αα αုႏွα ္α α α ္αα္αုိαာ αα ္αα္ αွα္ေα‘ာα္αα ္αα္။ αုိးေααေαာα္αΏαီး ေαါα္αာααါαူး၊ ေαာα္αုိ αူαူαူαူ αုα္αဲ့αူေαြေαာ့ ααα္αာαူးαုိααာ αွα္ေαေαာ့ αု ေαΏαာαဲ့ေαာ αိα္ααြα္းαွာ α‘αံ αα်ဳိးαα္း αွိαα္αုိ αူαုα ααိααααα္။
(α)αုိα α₯္α αα္ေαြααα္αΏαα္ αုံαွ်αα ႏွုα္αွ αα္း α α ္ေαααΏαာαဲ့αါαွ်α္ ေαာα္αုိα္းαွ αူαα္αα္ αါαα္αα္ αူα်α္αα္ αါα်α္αα္ αု αα¦းαုိ αα¦းα αα္αွဳိးαုိး၍ ေααေαာα္αုα္ααေα αာαူ ေαါα္းေαွာα္ααေα αာαူ αုိα္ေααα္းαα္ α‘αိα ααားαံ αΏαα ္αα္αုိ αူαုαေα့αααုိα္ေα။
α€α‘α်α္α်ားαုိ ေαာα္αႈα၍ αα္αေαာ္ααီးαုိ α¦းα ီးααေαာ αုိα္ေααα္းႏွα့္ α α ္αုိα္ααီးα်ားαα္ αိα္းα ားαါးαုိα္ႏွိα္ α‘αြဲααα္αုိααွ်αα္ ααၱိααွိ αြα္α ြာ αူαဲေαာ ေααာα္αααα္αုိ αိαာαα္αွားα ြာ αΏαα္αိαုိα္ααေααα္။ αိုα္ေααα္း ႏွα့္ α α ္αိုα္αα ုαα္ α‘αၤαိα္ αα္α်ဲααုိ αုိα္αဲ့ေαာ ေα်ာα္းαား αုိα္αံေαး αႈα္αွားαႈ်α်ားαြα္ αူαုိααါαα္αဲ့αΏαα္း ααွိααΏαα့္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ား၏ αြα္αα္ေαးαုိα္αြဲ αααုိ ααုိα္းαွ ေα်ာα္αုိαααα္။ αααၢ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦αုိ α‘αူαီး αာαာαΏαားαα¦း α‘αΏαားαာαာ α‘ေαာα္α‘α¦းαုိ ααΏαα္αုိααααဲ့αုိα α်α္αီးαဲ့αααα္။ ေα်ာα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား αααၢ၌ αုα္းေααααα္αု ααα္းαααΏαα့္ αα္αΏαα္αα္ ေαြးαာေαေαာေααာα့္ α်α္αီးαααα္။
αုိα္αံ αα္α αွ α αα္αΏαီး αα္αေαာ္αα္ αူαုိααဲ့αုိα αူαဲေαာေααာα္αΏαီး αုိα္ေααα္းႏွα္ ေαာαααα္ αြα္αဲαူαုိα၏ αα္αြα္းαုိα α်ေαာα္ααα္αွာ αုိα္αံ၏ αံααααΌာ αာαΏαα ္ေα်ေαာ့၏။αုိα္ေααα္းαα္ αူαα္αြဲααီး α‘αီးαြα္ ေαါα္းαႈα္ααΏαα့္ α‘αα္းေαΏαα¦းαα္αုαုိαာ α₯ေαာααုိα α်ဴαုိα္ α αα္ေααα α‘αα္းေαΏα ααီးαြα္ေαာα‘αါ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ααီးα‘ား αုိα္းαΏαα္αုိ α‘α္၍ αα္းαဲααα့္αုα္ေαာ့αြာ αု αာαα္ေαးα‘α္αဲ့αα္။ α₯ေαာααြား αုိα္ေααα္းα္ α‘αွα္ααα္ α‘αα္းေαΏααြားαα္αΏαα ္၏။ αΏαα္αာαုိα္αံαြα္ αΏαα္းαြဲα်ား α်α္းααΏαα္းααΏαဳααု ေαာ္αွα္ေαးေαာα္α ီα₯αၠα α‘ာαာαΏαα့္ αူαုိα္αုိα္ α‘αိα္ααုα္αဲ့αα္။ αုိαေαာ္ αα္α α₯္ααα္ ေαာα္းαα ား αါααာαုံαဲ့ေαာေααာα့္ ေαာα္းαα ားαြဲ ααြားαααΏαα့္ α်α္းαိ αΏαီးေαြαေα αα္။ α‘αα္းေαΏαααီးαုိ α‘αၤαα္αΏαα္ αα္αα္αΏαဳိααုိααြားαာ αΏαα္းαΏαိဳα္αဲ ေαြးαΏαဳိα္αြဲα်ားαုိα αြားေαာα္ ေαာα္းαα ားαΏαα္းαΏαα့္ α‘αα္းေαΏααဲ့αα္။ αုိααီးαΏαီး ေαာα္ႏွα ္α်ားαြα္ αႏွα ္αွ်α္ αါး ααီα္ႏႈα္းαα္α α₯ေαာααုိααြားαာ ေαာα္းαα ားαြဲα်ား α‘αα္းေαΏαေα့αွိαဲ့αα္။
ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαုိ αα္αΏαα္၍ αααၢαိုα်α္αီးαΏαီး α₯ေαာααုိα α‘αα္းေαΏα ααြα္αွီαေαးαြα္ αုိα္ေααα္းα ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားα‘ား αေα‘ ႏွα αုိα္းα ုိα္းα ြာ αဲαုိαာ α‘αိα္αေαးαဲ့ေαးαα္။ "αေα‘ x ေαြ၊ ေα်ာα္းααα္ααေα αဲα ၊ ααၠαုိα္α‘ားαုံး αိα္αား......." αု αားααီးα်α္း αုိα္α်α္း αα ာααာ α‘αိα္ααုα္αဲ့αα္။ αူ၏ေαα္ αေαွ်ာα္αုံး ေα်ာα္းαားαႈα္αွားαႈေαααုိα္း ααၠαုိα္α်ားαုိ ႏွα ္αွα္ αα်ား αိα္αα္ α‘αိα္α αုα္ေα့ αွိαာ αူ၏ ααα့္α α ္α‘α ုိးαα်ားααα္း αုိαα္းα α₯္αုိ αα္αα္α်α့္αုံးααααΏαα့္ α α ္α‘α ုိးαα်ား ေαα္၌ ေαါα္αြားαα့္ αΏαα္αာ αူαα္α်ား α‘αα္αα္းααာ ααα္αααဲ αူαြα္ααုံးααααွာေααα္။
ေααးαုံα¦းေαာα္း
Read More here
αေαြးαိုα္း၊ αΏαိဳα္αΏαိဳααα္αွိ αΏαိαိα္ ႏိုα္αံααာ αြံααΏαိဳးαႈ α‘αူα‘αီေαးေαး αာα Department for International Development- DFID ၏ α‘αူα‘αီျαα့္ ျαဳαုα္ေαာ αα္းαဲαြဲေααႈ αေα်ာα္ေαးα‘αြα္ α‘ေျααံ αြံααΏαိဳးေαး αုα္αα္းα်ားαို α‘α်ဳိးαားαီαိုαေαα
ီα‘αြဲαα်ဳα္ NLD α₯αၠα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα
ုαΎαα္ αြားေαာα္
ေα့αာαဲ့αα္။
αΏαိဳα္αΏαိဳααα္αွိ ေααα္αုိα္ႏွα့္ α်α ္αီးαြာ ႏွα ္αြာαြα္ DFID ၏ α‘αူα‘αီျαα့္ ျαဳαုα္ေααα့္ ααာေαး၊ α ိုα္α်ဳိးေαး၊ α်α္းαာေαးႏွα့္ α ီးαြားေαး αုα္αိုα္ေαာα္αြα္ေααႈα်ားαို αα္αုα္α‘ေျαα ိုα္ αΏαိαိαွ်ႏွα့္ αΎαα ေαΎαးα် αံα‘αα္ αိုαႏွα့္ α‘αူ αΏαိαိαွ် αံαုံး၏ α‘α ီα‘α α₯္ျαα့္ α‘αၤါေααα αြားေαာα္ ေα့αာαဲ့ျαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
ျαိဳα္ျαိဳααα္α ေα်းαြာေαြαွာ ျαိαိα္α‘α
ိုးααဲ့ α‘αူα‘αီαဲα ေαာα္αြα္ေααဲ့ α‘ေျααံα‘α္α်ဳα္αα္αα္းαို αα္ေαာα္ေα့αာα
α₯္...။
αာα္αံုα်ား Ap,Getty Images, Reuters
ေα့αာαဲ့αα္။
αΏαိဳα္αΏαိဳααα္αွိ ေααα္αုိα္ႏွα့္ α်α ္αီးαြာ ႏွα ္αြာαြα္ DFID ၏ α‘αူα‘αီျαα့္ ျαဳαုα္ေααα့္ ααာေαး၊ α ိုα္α်ဳိးေαး၊ α်α္းαာေαးႏွα့္ α ီးαြားေαး αုα္αိုα္ေαာα္αြα္ေααႈα်ားαို αα္αုα္α‘ေျαα ိုα္ αΏαိαိαွ်ႏွα့္ αΎαα ေαΎαးα် αံα‘αα္ αိုαႏွα့္ α‘αူ αΏαိαိαွ် αံαုံး၏ α‘α ီα‘α α₯္ျαα့္ α‘αၤါေααα αြားေαာα္ ေα့αာαဲ့ျαα္း ျαα ္αα္။
 |
| ေαာα္α¦းေααိα္αိုα ေαာα္αွိαာα α₯္.. |
 |
| ေαာα္α¦းαွ αΎαိဳαိုႏွဳα္αα္ေααူ ျαα္αူαူαု.. |
 |
| αားေαααွ αα္α‘ုα္α်ီαွ်α္... ျαα္αြα္း |
 |
| ααုαၠဴαွာ ျαα္αα္းαြားα်ိα္αွာ αိုးαΎααΎαိα္αΎααဲα αα္းαα္းααာ αΎαိဳαိုေααဲ့ ျαα္αူαူαု |
 |
| ျαိαိα္ႏိုα္αံαဲ့ α‘αူα‘αီαဲα αုα္ေαာα္ေααဲ့ ျαိဳα္ျαိဳααα္α αြံαျαိဳးေαးαုα္αα္းေαြ α‘αြα္αါ.. |
ျαိဳα္ျαိဳααα္α ေα်းαြာေαြαွာ ျαိαိα္α‘α
ိုးααဲ့ α‘αူα‘αီαဲα ေαာα္αြα္ေααဲ့ α‘ေျααံα‘α္α်ဳα္αα္αα္းαို αα္ေαာα္ေα့αာα
α₯္...။ αာα္αံုα်ား Ap,Getty Images, Reuters
Credit : αီαိုေααံ
By Fayas (Kaladan Press)
It is indeed a matter of serious concern that Arakan north remain as dangerous as ever, courtesy of the persistent harassments being perpetrated by the Burma’s border security force (Nasaka), army, despite a number of changes in Burma after elections in November 2010.
 |
| Photo :Arakankotawchay |
Presently, Nasaka seriously restricts the movement of Rohingya people, increases in night sentry at villages and taking huge amount to give permission to build or renovate houses. Besides, the Nasaka specially creates a new chapter of black list of Rohingya kids. All these were made after giving speech on January 12 in public meetings held in Maungdaw north by U Aung Zaw Win and U Htay Win, the upper house and lower house parliament members respectively. The two MPs are the members of Union Solitary and Development party (USDP).
The parliament members are U Aung Zaw Win (Upper Parliament member) and U Htay Win (Lower Parliament member), both are from Union Solidarity and Development Party and arrived at Maungdaw on January 9, from Rangoon. In the meeting, the parliament members asked to the participants to appraise any difficulty they have been facing in their villages. Getting this opportunity, some of the villagers appraised the harassments of Nasaka against the Rohingya community. This made Nasaka very angry and tried to take revenge on the villagers whenever they got a chance. As a result, they arrested 20 villagers while going to forest for firewood collection and brought to the Nasaka headquarters where they were detained. After that they asked the arrestees to come back the said parliament members from Rangoon to release them. The parliament members are assaulted by them.
The arrestees are not fed from the camp and the relatives of the victims have to pay Kyat 2,000 per head everyday for their food, moreover, they paid extra Kyat 20,000 per each for excluding from torture.
On January 24, a group of Nsaka from Nari Bill out-post camp went to the house of Mohamed Sidique (60), son of Oli Ahmed, hailed from Nari Bill west village of Maungdaw Township and took away 100 bamboos from his house without giving any allegation. The current value is about Kyat 40,000 per 100 bamboos. He bought it from Bawli Bazar for his house’s renovation and had already paid Kyat 3,000 tax to the concerned authority. He has not committed any fault. The Nasaka is doing against the Rohingya community as they like because there is no action against the culprits, but they are rewarded.
So far, the Nasaka and army are taking forced labor from villagers and force them--- to carry water for their kitchen, collect firewood from nearby forest, clean their latrines, grow paddy and vegetables in their compound, build camp and renovate the houses in the camp and to cut bamboos from the forest, etc. They also force the villagers to give night sentry at their own village. It makes them very difficult to the villagers.
If a villager wants to go from one place to another, he/she will pay Kyat 500 to the Nasaka whether it has documents or not from the concerned authority.
Since January 21, the Nasaka personnel of Nasaka area No.6 of Maungdaw Township have been trying to arrest Maulana Ismail (40), hailed from Paung Zaar village of Maungdaw Township as he had appraised the Nasaka’s harassments in the said meeting which was held on January 12. The Nasaka is moreover trying to arrest other villagers who gave complaints against the Nasaka in the meeting which was held by the parliament members in Maungdaw north.
President Thein Sein has introduced a series of political and economic reforms. He has announced cease-fires with armed ethnic minorities that have been fighting the government for decades. Many groups have reached a truce with the government, while others are in negotiations. He has also relieved restrictions on the media, and a significant number of political prisoners were released in recent months.
We believe that the government only wants in order to get recognition from the international community by showing they are working towards peace in the country. The main thing the government needs to change is the 2008 constitution because the military has able to take all the main positions in the government. It is also required to release all political prisoners, freedom of the press and freedom of movement.
Last year, the USDP members and Nasaka Director gave assurance on stopping harassments against the Rohingya community in north Arakan. But, so far, there are so many forced labors, restriction of movements, restriction of marriage and arbitrary extortion. On one side they have a cease-fire, while on the other side there is brutality practiced against minorities.
Nasaka has now resorted to medieval (AD 1100-1500) forms of harassments against the Rohingya community. The bigger question now is whether the ongoing trend of reform can bring a durable peace and stability to the country.
Source : Kaladan Press
Source : Kaladan Press
 |
| Photo : Irrawaddy Blog |
Letter from Burma: Vaclav Havel
When I decided that the first Letter from Burma of 2012 should be about the late Vaclav Havel, I wondered how I should entitle the article. My thoughts immediately went to the little red heart he usually drew as part of his signature. Perhaps I should write about him as "The Heart President" or "The Heart Leader" or "The Dissident with A Heart" or "The Intellectual with A Heart?" In the end I decided that the name Vaclav Havel alone was more potent and meaningful than any fancy title I could think up.
It was during the first year of my house arrest, 1989, that the name of Vaclav Havel became familiar to me. The Velvet Revolution, the Civic Forum, the electoral victory that turned the premier dissident of Czechoslovakia into the first President of the newly democratic republic: I learnt about it all from my small portable radio and shared in the euphoria of political transformation in that far off land. However, I did not realize at that time that Vaclav Havel would become a personal friend.
It is a little strange to speak of a man I had never met and with whom I had barely corresponded as a personal friend. It was his vigorous and warm personality and his total commitment to the support of movements for democracy and human rights the world over that made his friendship so real and vibrant and made me feel we were linked to one another by close ties of understanding. He nominated me for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991 because he believed it would help to focus international attention on our struggle. Had he allowed his name to be put forward as a candidate that year I am convinced he would have been the chosen laureate. He surely valued the Nobel Peace Prize, for he would not have wanted to give to the cause of democracy and human rights something on which he did not value himself. But it was a matter of chivalry: "Their need is greater than mine."
When my family were permitted to visit me in 1992, my husband brought me a copy of The Power of the Powerless. I have just flicked quickly through the pages of this now shabby, well-thumbed volume and reread some of the phrases I underlined in the book. "... an examination of the potential of the 'powerless' -- can only begin with an examination of the nature of power in the circumstances in which these powerless people operate ..." "... freedom is indivisible ..." "... not standing up for the freedom of others, regardless of how remote their means of creativity or their attitude to life, meant surrendering one's own freedom ..." "A better system will not automatically create a better life. In fact the opposite is true: only by creating a better life can a better system be developed ..." Ideas that seem simple yet which enmesh with basic human aspirations only when formulated with clarity by an exceptional mind.
A high intellect is no substitute for a generous heart, and it is the latter that I appreciate most in Vaclav Havel. He was a rare dissident, one who did not forget fellow dissidents in remote parts of the world even after he became the Head of State of his own country. His heart was not only generous but appealingly light, expressing its solidarity with ordinary people everywhere in the simplest way. His To the Castle and Back begins with the words: "I've run away. I've run away to America. I've run away for two months with the whole family; that is, with Dasa and our two boxers, Sugar and her daughter Madlenka." The gleeful declaration of flight and the place (right at the heart of the family) that he accorded to his dogs drew me across miles and years into the warm circle of his home. How did a man so far from ordinary manage to retain the common touch?
Vaclav Havel spoke to me once on the telephone, about a year ago. He was already in poor health and his voice was weak but he managed to convey his joy at my release from house arrest and his concern for all of us who were still far from our democratic goal. Even in his final illness he did not forget us. The last letter he wrote to me was placed in my hands a few days after his death by one of his old friends, Mr. Sasakawa Yohei.
"Dear Friend," the letter began, "Over the years I sent you a number of letters inviting you to attend various international conferences and other events that I organized. I did it being perfectly aware that the chances of you attending are non-existent but I still did it out of principle and to remind the authorities that confiscated my letters to you that we constantly think of you and support you." The spirit with which he championed the cause of the oppressed had remained intact. His interest in our struggle, too, had continued strong: "Dear friend, I am following the recent developments in your country with a very, very cautious optimism." He ended his letter on a practical, modest note. "... if there is anything we can do to help -- for example -- and only if you wish -- to share some of our transformational experience with you we shall gladly do it."
I will feel the absence of my friend as we continue along the road he walked before us. (By Aung San Suu Kyi)
(Mainichi Japan) January 30, 2012
Source here
_________________________________________
ျαα္αာျαα္αွေαးα
ာ
ααၠαα္ αာαα္α္
αααα αုႏွα ္α‘αြα္ ααααုံးျαα္αာျαα္αွေαးα ာα‘ျαα ္ αြα္αြα္αူ αα α₯αာ ααၠαα္ αာαα္α္ αဲαα‘ေαΎαာα္းαဲျαα ္αα့္αα္αုိα αα½ြα္ααုံးျαα္αုိα္αဲ့α‘αါ αီေαာα္းαါးαုိ αα္αုိေαါα္းα α္αα္ αα့္ααဲαုိα αα½ြα္αα‘ံ့αΎαေαြးေαာ္αိαဲ့ααါαα္။ αα½ြα္αα‘ေαြးေαြαာ αုα္ျαα္းαုိααုိ αူααဲα αုိးαΏαဲαα္αွα္αα ိα္ααုိα္းα‘ျαα ္ ေαးαြဲေα့αိွαဲ့ α‘αီေαာα္α‘αα္းαုံαေαးαီ ေαာα္αြားα့ဲαါ αα္။ αα½ြα္ααာ αူααို“α‘αα္းαααΌα” αါαွααုα္ “α‘αα္းေαါα္းေαာα္” αါαွααုα္ “α‘αα္း αဲααႈα္αွားαူ” αါαွααုα္ “α‘αα္းαဲαααာαွα္” αုိαေαးαα့္αါααား။ ေαာα္αုံးေαာ့ αα½ြα္αα α္α ား αဲ့ α‘αα္αα္းေαြαα္ αုိαုိαဲ့ α ြα္းαα္αဲαα‘αိααΈါα္αိွαွာαုိα “ααၠααα္ αာαα္α္” αီးαα္ααိုαဲ α‘αα္ေαးαုိα αုံးျαα္αုိα္αါαα္။
αα½ြα္α ααααုံး ေαα‘ိα္α‘α်α္α်ဳα္α‘α်αံααဲ့ αααα αုႏွα ္α‘αြα္းαွာαဲ “ααၠαα္ αာαα္α္” α‘αα္αဲα αα္းႏွီးαာαဲ့αါαα္။ ααၱီαါေαာ္αွα္ေαး၊ ျαα္αူαα α္ျαα့္၊ ေαြးေαာα္αြဲေα‘ာα္αြဲ ေαြαာ α်α္αုိα αုိေαးαီးαားαဲα ေαာ္αွα္ေαးααားαα္ααီးα်ဳα္αုိ αီαိုααα္αα ္ျαα္ေαာα္α ုα‘αα ္αဲα αααα¦းαုံးαααΌαα‘ျαα ္ ျαα ္ေααေα αဲ့αါαα္။ αါေαြα‘ားαုံးαုိ αα½ြα္ααဲαα‘ိα္ေαာα္ေααီαိုα ေαးαေα αΎαားαိေα့αာ ႏိုα္αဲ့αါαα္။ α‘ဲαိα‘ေαးαေααာα ႏိုα္αံေαးα‘αြα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈαဲα αα္း αာေα်ာ္αႊα္αႈαုိαဲ αွ်ေα αံα ားαဲ့ααါαα္။ αါေααα့္ α‘ဲαိα‘α်ိα္αွာ “ααၠααα္ αာαα္α္” αာ αုαၢိဳα္ေαးαိα္ေαြျαα ္αာαိα့္αွာαုိေαာ့ ααα္αဲ့αိαါ။
αα½ြα္α ααါαွαေαြααဲ့αူးαဲ့ αုαၢိဳα္ေαးαိα္ေαြα‘ျαα ္ α ာေαးαဲ့αူးျαα္းααိွαဲ့αဲ့ α‘α်ဳိးαားαα¦း α‘ေαΎαာα္းေျαာααာαေαာ့ α‘αα္းαα္ αα္းျαားေαααုိαါαဲ။ αူααဲααာα္ααီးျαα္αα္αΏαီး ေႏြးေαြးαဲ့αα္αုိα္α αိုα္αဲα ααα»ာααႊားαွာ αီαိုαေαα ီαဲααူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး αႈα္αွားαႈαုိα့ံαုိးေαးαဲ့ αူααဲαα₯ႆံုαႏα·ိαာα္α်αွα္αႈေαြαာ αူαဲααα္းႏွီးαα္αα္αႈαုိ α α ္αွα္αြα္αα္ေα αဲ့αါαα္။ αα½ြα္α αိိုααို αα¦းαဲααα¦း αားαα္αႈျαα့္ ααα္းαႏွီး αီးαီးα α္α α္ေႏွာα္αြဲααα္αြα္ေαးαဲ့αα္αုိα αα½ြα္ααုိ αα္းαံα ားαိေα αါαα္။ αူα αα½ြα္ααုိ αααα αုႏွα ္αဲα αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးႏိုαα္αုα‘αြα္ α‘αα္αα္ αြα္းေαးαဲ့αါαα္။ αα½ြα္ααုိααဲααႈα္αွားαႈαုိ ႏိုα္αံααာαဲαα‘ာαံုα ုိα္αာαုိααုံαွα္α‘ျαα ္ α‘ေαာα္ α‘αံ့ျαα ္αα္αုိα αူααုံ αΎαα္αာေαΎαာα့္ α‘αုαုိ α‘αα္αα္αြα္းေαးαဲ့αာျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘ဲαိႏွα ္α‘ αြα္ αူαုိα္αုိα္αα္α‘αα္αα္αြα္းαံαုိα္αΏαီး α‘ေαြးαံααွာαုိα αα½ြα္ααုံαΎαα္αဲ့αါαα္။ αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးႏိုαα္αုαုိ αူαုိα္αုိα္α‘ေαα‘α်ာαα္αုိးαားαဲ့αါαα္။ αီαိုαေαα ီေαးαဲα αူαα‘ αြα့္α‘ေαးαိα α₯α‘αြα္ αူαုိα္αူαα္αုိးαျαα္αဲ့αဲ့α‘αာαို αူ αေαးαုိေαာေαΎαာα့္ျαα ္αါαα္။ αါေααα့္ αီα ိα္αါα္αာ α‘ားႏြဲααူα‘ေαααα္ေα်းαΎαα္αာα ြာαα္αံαႈα‘ျαα ္ - “αူαုိααဲααိုα‘α္αႈ αာ αα½ြα္ေαာ္αဲααုိα‘α္αႈαα္ααီးαားαါαα္” αုိαာαါ။
αααα αုႏွα ္αွာ αα½ြα္ααိαားα ု αα½ြα္ααံα‘αα္αာαြα့္αα α္ αα½ြα္ααဲααα္αြα္းαα္α “α‘ာαာαဲ့αုိα αဲα α‘ာαာ”αုိαဲ့α ာα‘ုα္αူαာαဲ့ေαးαါαα္။ α‘αုα‘αါαွာ αα္ααဲαေαာα္းα ြာαွα္ေαွာαားαာ ေαာα္းႏြα္းေααဲ့α‘αα္α‘αုံးα ာα‘ုα္αဲα α ာα်α္ႏွာα်ားαုိ αα½ြα္α αα္ျαα္ျαα္ေαးαွα္αΎαα့္αိαါαα္။ αα½ြα္αα်α္းαားαားαဲ့ α‘αုိα္α‘α်ဳိααုိ ျαα္αα္αΎαα့္αိαါαα္။ “… α‘ာαာαဲ့α်ားαဲα α‘αားα‘αာ α ြα္းαα္α်ားαုိ α α ္ေαΎαာျαα္း -- α‘ာαာαဲ့ျαα္αူα်ားေαာα္αြα္ႏိုα္αဲ့ α‘ေျαα‘ေαα်ားαြα္αိွ α‘ာαာαဲαααာααဲαα α ္ေαΎαာေα့αာျαα္းαွαာα‘α ျαဳႏိုα္αα္…” “… αြα္αα္ျαα္းαာαြဲျαα္း αိုαααႏိုα္ …” “… αα္αီးαႈαဲααူαုိααဲααα္းαα္းေαြ αုိαααုα္ ααα‘αြα္ αူαုိααဲααα္αွα္းα်α္ ေαြ αα္ေαာα္α‘αွα္းαြာေααါေα ၊ α‘ျαားαူα်ားαဲα αြα္αα္αႈα‘αြα္ ααα္αα္ႏိုα္αာαာ αိαိαဲααုိα္αုိα္αြα္αα္ျαα္းαုိ α‘αႈံးေαးαုိα္αာαုိα α‘αိααΈါα္αα္ေαာα္αါαα္ …” “αာαြα္ ေαာα္းαြα္αဲ့α ံαα ္ααုαာ αာαြα္ေαာα္းαြα္αဲ့ααααုαုိ α‘αုိα‘ေα်ာα္αα္αီးαေαးαါ။ α‘αွα္ ααα္α ေျαာα္းျαα္ျαα ္αα္αα‘αွα္αါ - αာαြα္ေαာα္းαြα္αဲ့αααုိαα္αီးျαα္းααာ αာαြα္ ေαာα္းαြα္αဲ့ α ံαα ္ααုαုိ ျαα ္ေαααုိးαα္ေα αွာαါ …” αူးျαားαဲ့α ိα္αါα္αဲα αွα္းαα္းαα္ျαα်α္ ျαα့္ α ံαα ္αα်αုံα ံေαာ္αုα္ေαးαိုα္αဲ့α‘αါαွαာ α‘ေျααံαူαားαုိα‘α္αႏα΅ေαြαဲα αα္ႏြα္ေαာ αွα္ေαျαα္းαုိ αြα္αူα ြာျαα္ႏိုα္ေα αဲ့ α‘ααံαာα္α်ားျαα ္αါαα္။
α‘αα့္ျαα့္ααာαα္αေαာα္αာ αေαာαားααီးαဲ့ႏွαုံးαားαုိα‘α ားαုိးαုိααααါ။ αα½ြα္α αα α₯ αာ ααၠαα္ αာαα္α္αုိ ေαးα ားαα္αုိးα‘αားαုံးα αီ “αေαာαားααီးαဲ့ႏွαုံးαား” ေαΎαာα့္ျαα ္αါαα္။ αူαာαွားαွားαါးαါး ေαာ္αွα္ေαးααားαα¦းျαα ္αါαα္။ αူαႏိုα္αံαဲαα‘ααီးα‘αဲ ျαα ္αာαာေαာα္αွ ααα»ာ့ေαးαံαဲ့α‘αα္α်ားαိွ ေαာ္αွα္ေαးαိα္ေαြα်ားαုိ αေα့αဲ့αူျαα ္αါαα္။ αူααဲαႏွαုံးαားαာ αေαာαားααီး ျαα့္ျαα္αံုαα္αα α ာαာαႈαိွα ြာေαါ့αါးေααΏαီး၊ α‘αိုးα‘α α္းαုံးျαα့္ α‘αα္αα္αိွ αာαα္ျαα္αူα်ားαဲα ေαြးα α္းαီၫြα္ေααါαα္။ αူααဲαα ာα‘ုα္ “ αဲαုိα္α‘αြားα‘ျαα္” (To the Castle and Back) αွာ “ αα½ြႏ္ုα္αြα္ေျαးαဲ့αα္။ α‘ေααိααုိ αα½ြႏ္ုα္αြα္ေျαးαဲ့αα္။” αုိαဲ့ α αားαုံးα်ားαဲα α αα္αဲ့αါαα္။ αိαားα ုα‘ားαုံးαဲαα‘αူ α ααာ αα½ြႏ္ုα္αြα္ေျαးαဲ့αါαα္။ αိαားα ုαုိαာα “αါαာ” αα္၊ αα½ြႏ္ုα္αုိααဲα ေαာα္αာ ေαြး αေαာα္ျαα ္αဲ့ “αႉးαါး”ေαြးααဲα αူαဲα ααီး “αα္αဲα္αါ” αါαဲ။ αြα္ေျαးျαα္းαဲαေααာ(αိαားα ုαဲαα‘αα္αွာ αူαေαြးα်ားαုိ αα့္αြα္းαα္ αွα္αုိα္ျαα္း)αို αα္းေျαာα္ေα်ာ္αႊα္αဲ့ေαΎααာα်α္αာ αိုα္ေαါα္းေαးα ြာα ႏွα ္ေαါα္းα ြာα αα½ြα္α αုိ αူαα‘ိα္αဲα ေႏြးေαြးαဲ့α‘αုိα္းα‘αိုα္းαဲ αြဲေαααုိα္αါαα္။ αာαα္α ီαံαိα္းαိα္းαႈαဲα α‘ေαးαွာ αိွေααဲ့αူαေαာα္αာ α‘α်ားαိေαြααႈαုိ αα္αုိα်ား αိα္းαိα္းαားαါαိα့္။
αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ αႏွα ္α αα α₯αာ ααၠαα္ αာαα္α္α αα½ြα္ααုိ ααါ αုံးαα္αဲ့αါαα္။ αူαာ α်α္း αာေαးαေαာα္းαဲ့α‘ေျαα‘ေααွာ ေαာα္ေααဲ့αါαα္။ αူαα‘αံαာေα်ာ့ေαာ့ေααဲ့αါαα္။ αါေα αα့္ αα½ြα္α ေαα‘ိα္α‘α်α္α်ဳα္ααြα္ေျαာα္αာαႈαုိ αα္းαာေαΎαာα္း ေျαာေαးαဲ့αါαα္။ ေαာα္ αα½ြα္ααုိααဲα αီαိုαေαα ီαα္းαုိα္α α‘αွα္းေαးေααာαုိαဲ α ုိးαိα္αူαα္ေαΎαာα္းေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αါαα္။ αူαဲααာαα်α္းျαα ္ေααဲ့ေαာα္αုံးα‘α်ိα္α‘αိ αူαာ αြα္ααုိααုိ αေα့αဲ့αါαူး။ αα½ြα္αα‘αြα္ αူ ေαးαဲ့αဲ့ ေαာα္αုံးα ာαုိ αူαြα္αြα္αΏαီးαα္α‘αα္းαα္α‘αΎαာαွာ αူαဲααိα္ေαြေαာα္းαα¦းျαα ္ αဲ့ αα α₯αာ αααါα αုိαိα‘ဲ α αြα္ααα္αဲαုိαα့္ေαးαဲ့αါαα္။
“αα္αα္ααါαဲ့ αိα္ေαြ” αုိα α ာαို α‘α α်ီαားαါαα္။ “αα½ြα္ေαာ္α α္းαံုးα်α္းααဲ့αဲ့ α‘ျαα္ျαα္ αုိα္αာ ေαြးေႏြးαြဲα်ားαဲα α‘ျαားα‘αα္းα‘αားα်ားα ြာαိုαα္ေαာα္αုိα αိα္αΎαားαဲ့α ာေαြαုိ αα္ α်ားαံ ႏွα ္ေαါα္းα‘ေαာ္ αΎαာαΎαာ αα½ြα္ေαာ္္ေαးαုိααဲ့αါαα္။ αိα္ေαြαα္ေαာα္ႏိုα္αဲ့α‘αြα့္α‘ αα္းေαြααိွαူးαုိαာ αα½ြα္ေαာ္α‘ေαα‘α်ာααိαားαဲ့αိေααα့္ αα္းαα္းα‘ျαα္αေα αα½ြα္ ေαာ္αα္αုα္αဲ့αာαါ။ αα½ြα္ေαာ့္α ာေαြαုိ αိα္းαα္းαဲ့ α‘ာαာαုိα္ေαြαို αα½ြα္ေαာ္αုိααေαြ αα္α်ားαို α‘α α္ααိαေααα္αုိαာαဲα α‘αΏαဲαα္းေαာα္αံေααာαုိ ααိေαးေααဲ့αာαါ။”
α‘αိႏွိα္αံα်ားα‘ေαးαုိ αα္αα္αာαြα္ေαးေααဲ့ αူααဲαα ိα္αါα္α αα္αိွေααဲျαα ္αါαα္။ αα½ြα္ ααုိααဲα αႈα္αွားαႈα‘ေαα αူααဲαα ိα္αα္α ားαႈαေαာ့ αα္αα္αွα္αα္ααီးαားα်α္αိွေααါαα္။
“αα္αα္ααဲ့αိα္ေαြေα၊ αα္α်ားαုိαႏိုα္αံαွာ αα္αေαာαုိးαα္αႈေαြαုိ α‘αြα္αα‘αြα္ααိαား ααဲ့ α‘ေαာα္းျαα္αႈေαြαဲα αα½ြα္ေαာ္α ေα့αာေα ာα့္αΎαα့္ေαα်α္αါ။”
αူααဲαα ာαုိ αα္ေαြαα်αဲ့α‘αα္αာαုံးαဲα α‘αုံးαα္αဲ့αါαα္။ “… αα½ြႏ္ုα္αုိααူαီႏိုα္αဲ့ ααုαု -- αုံα ံα‘ားျαα့္ -- αα½ြႏ္ုα္αုိααဲαα‘αြα္αူးေျαာα္းေαးα‘ေαြαα‘ααံဳαုိαွ်αူαုိα αα္αႏα΅αိွαဲ့αα္ - αα½ြႏ္ုα္αုိα α αα္းေျαာα္α ြာ αုα္ေαာα္ေαးαါ့αα္။”
αα½ြα္ααုိαေαွαα αူေαွ်ာα္αြားαဲ့αα္းαေα်ာα္ αα½ြα္ααုိααα္αွα္းေαα α္ αα½ြα္ααဲααိα္ေαြααိွ ေαာ့αာαုိ αα½ြα္ααံα ားααါαိα့္αα္။
ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္
(αိုα္α‘ိαိα်ိ α်αα္) αႏα·αါαီ αα၊ αααα
(αααα αု αႏα·αါαီ αα၊ ေαααုα္ α်αα္ႏိုα္αံ၏ αုိα္α‘ိαိα်ိ ααα္းα ာαါ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္၏ “ααၠαα္ αာαα္α္” ေαာα္းαါးαုိ αာαာျαα္αုိαါαα္ )
ေαာα္ေαာα္αွααိဳα္
αααα-αα-αα
By αα္းαα္α
α α ္α‘ာαာαွα္ α αα ္ေαΎαာα့္ ႏိုα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαားေαာα္း α်ားα ြာ၏αα α်α္αဲ့αေαΎαာα္း αα α်ဳိးαα္ ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္ αိုαα္းαိုႏိုα္α ေျαာαΎαားαα္။
“ααα်α္αဲ့ααဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαားေαာα္းေαြ α‘ေααဲα αိုα့္α‘α်α္းα်α္း αိုα္းαα္းαူαီႏိုα္αΎααုိα α‘α်α္းα်α္း αြα္αα္ေαြ ျαα့္αုိα αိုαα္”αု αα္း ααα္ေααα αα္αုα္αΏαိဳα α‘α္းα်ားαα္ α ိα္းαα္း α ုိျαα္ α₯α်ာα₯္αြα္ α်α္းαေαာ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαား ေαာα္းα်ား ααိဳαုိေαြααုံαြဲ α‘αα္းα‘αားαြα္ ၎α αα့္αြα္း ေျαာαΎαားαα္။
ααα္ေααα α်α္းαေαာ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαားေαာα္းα်ား ααိဳαုိေαြααုံαြဲ၌ ေαြαααα့္ αိုαα္းαိုႏုိα္ (αာα္αုံ - αိုးαα)
α‘αုိαါ α‘αα္းα‘αားαြα္ αα α်ဳိးαα္ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္ αိုαα္းαုိႏိုα္ႏွα့္ αိုαိုααီးαုိαα α‘αွာα αားα်ား ေျαာαΎαား αဲ့αΏαီး ααΎαာαα္α ျαα္αα္αြα္ေျαာα္αာαα့္ αိုαα္းေαာ္(ေαႊαံα α₯္)αα္း αα္ေαာα္၍ αီα α‘ႏုααာαွα္ αိုαဲαြα္၊ αိုေααα္း αုိαႏွα့္α‘αူ ေαးαီαျαα့္ ေα်ာ္ေျααα္။
αိုαα္းαိုႏုိα္ααα္း ααα္α‘α်α₯္းေαာα္αြα္ α α္αုိαဲ့αα့္ αီα်α္းααုα္αို α်ိဳးαα္αα ္ αူαα္α်ား α‘α α္းα‘αံုးαွ αူ αα္ αα¦း၊ αိုαα္းαိုႏုိα္၏ αီααα္ ααႏၲာ α‘αါα‘αα္ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαား αီα‘α ္αုိ ေαာα္ႏွαα်ားႏွα့္ αီαုိေα်ာ္ေျααဲ့ေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။
αီαုိαေαα ီေαးα‘αြα္ ααα်ားαို α ြα္ααႊα္ ေαာα္αြα္αα္း α‘α်α₯္းα်αဲ့αΎαααα့္ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαား ေαာα္းα်ားα‘ေαျαα့္ αααွα္αα္ αα္αα္ေαး၊ α‘αာαα္αα αူေαာα္ေαးαုိα α‘αြα္ α‘αα္α‘αဲα်ား αွိေα၍ α‘α်α္းα်α္း αိုα္းαα္း αူαီαြားႏုိα္αα္ ααုαဲ့αိုα α ီα α₯္αျαα္းျαα ္αα္αု αြဲα ီα α₯္αူ αα¦းျαα ္αα့္ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαူေαာα္း ααα္αာေα‘ာα္α α§αာααီαုိ ေျαာαα္။
αိုαိုααီးααα္း“αα္ေαြα αိαိေαာα္ေαာα္ αူαီေαးေααΎααဲ့ α်ိဳးαα္αα ္ေαြ၊ αျαား αူαီေαးေααΎααဲ့ αီ α‘α ္αို ေαြ၊ αီေαာα္ေαြ၊ αူαုိαေαြαိုαα္း α‘ေαးα‘αα္ αုα္ျαဳαဲ့α‘ေαΎαာα္း၊ αα္αိုးαားαဲ့ α‘ေαΎαာα္း α‘αα္း α‘αားαွာ α်ေαာ္ေျαာαါαα္”αု ေျαာαα္။
ျαα္αြα္း αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးႏွα့္ α်α္αွိေαေαးαα့္ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαားα်ား α‘ျαα္αံုး αြα္ေျαာα္ေαး α‘αြα္ αံαုိα္ႏွα့္ α‘ုα္αံαံ αုံααၭာα္ αိα္αုα္αေαααြα္ αေαာα္းαုိα္αြα္း αုေαာα္းျαα္း၊ αီးαြα္းαွိαားေαာ αေαာα္းαိုα္α်ားαို ေαေαွ်ာ αုေαာα္းျαα္းα်ား ျαဳαုα္ေαΎαာα္းαα္း αိααα္။
ααα္ေαα α α‘αα္းα‘αား ၌ α§αာααီ ျαα ္αံုαα္ α ီαံαိα္း αα္αွα္αုိး αႈα္αွားαႈ αုα္ေαာα္αဲ့αူα်ား ၏ α‘αွα္αα αα α₯α္းαိုαα္း αα α်ိဳးαα္ ေα်ာα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαို ေαးα‘α္αဲ့αα္။
“α§αာααီ ျαα ္ααီးαာ αါαိုα α‘ေαြးα‘αားαဲααα္αူျαဳαΏαီး αံα ားαΎααα္αိုαဲ့ αိုα္းαα္းαာαြα္ ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αဲ့αΎααဲ့α‘αြα္ ေαΎαာα့္ ႏုိα္αံေαာ္ αααΌααိုα္αုိα္ αα္α ီαံαိα္းααီးαို αα္αα္ααα ္αဲ့ααဲ့α‘αိ ေα‘ာα္αြဲαံႏိုα္αဲ့αာαာ αα်ိဳးαားαံုး α α္း αံုး αီαြα္αႈαို ျαααာαဲ”αု αိုαိုααီး α ေျαာαα္။
α‘αုိαါ α‘αα္းα‘αားαို α¦းေαာα္α်α္းααΎααူα်ားαွာ α¦းα ြာαြα္ေျαာα္αΏαီးႏွα့္ေαာ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαား ေαာα္းα်ားျαα ္αΏαီး α‘α်α္းα်α္း αိုα္းαα္းαူαီႏိုα္αα္ α ုαြဲααားαΎααူα်ား ျαα ္αα္။
α α ္α‘ာαာαွα္ α αα ္ေαΎαာα့္ ႏိုα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαားေαာα္း α်ားα ြာ၏αα α်α္αဲ့αေαΎαာα္း αα α်ဳိးαα္ ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္ αိုαα္းαိုႏိုα္α ေျαာαΎαားαα္။
“ααα်α္αဲ့ααဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαားေαာα္းေαြ α‘ေααဲα αိုα့္α‘α်α္းα်α္း αိုα္းαα္းαူαီႏိုα္αΎααုိα α‘α်α္းα်α္း αြα္αα္ေαြ ျαα့္αုိα αိုαα္”αု αα္း ααα္ေααα αα္αုα္αΏαိဳα α‘α္းα်ားαα္ α ိα္းαα္း α ုိျαα္ α₯α်ာα₯္αြα္ α်α္းαေαာ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαား ေαာα္းα်ား ααိဳαုိေαြααုံαြဲ α‘αα္းα‘αားαြα္ ၎α αα့္αြα္း ေျαာαΎαားαα္။
ααα္ေααα α်α္းαေαာ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαားေαာα္းα်ား ααိဳαုိေαြααုံαြဲ၌ ေαြαααα့္ αိုαα္းαိုႏုိα္ (αာα္αုံ - αိုးαα)
α‘αုိαါ α‘αα္းα‘αားαြα္ αα α်ဳိးαα္ေα်ာα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္ αိုαα္းαုိႏိုα္ႏွα့္ αိုαိုααီးαုိαα α‘αွာα αားα်ား ေျαာαΎαား αဲ့αΏαီး ααΎαာαα္α ျαα္αα္αြα္ေျαာα္αာαα့္ αိုαα္းေαာ္(ေαႊαံα α₯္)αα္း αα္ေαာα္၍ αီα α‘ႏုααာαွα္ αိုαဲαြα္၊ αိုေααα္း αုိαႏွα့္α‘αူ ေαးαီαျαα့္ ေα်ာ္ေျααα္။
αိုαα္းαိုႏုိα္ααα္း ααα္α‘α်α₯္းေαာα္αြα္ α α္αုိαဲ့αα့္ αီα်α္းααုα္αို α်ိဳးαα္αα ္ αူαα္α်ား α‘α α္းα‘αံုးαွ αူ αα္ αα¦း၊ αိုαα္းαိုႏုိα္၏ αီααα္ ααႏၲာ α‘αါα‘αα္ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαား αီα‘α ္αုိ ေαာα္ႏွαα်ားႏွα့္ αီαုိေα်ာ္ေျααဲ့ေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။
αီαုိαေαα ီေαးα‘αြα္ ααα်ားαို α ြα္ααႊα္ ေαာα္αြα္αα္း α‘α်α₯္းα်αဲ့αΎαααα့္ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαား ေαာα္းα်ားα‘ေαျαα့္ αααွα္αα္ αα္αα္ေαး၊ α‘αာαα္αα αူေαာα္ေαးαုိα α‘αြα္ α‘αα္α‘αဲα်ား αွိေα၍ α‘α်α္းα်α္း αိုα္းαα္း αူαီαြားႏုိα္αα္ ααုαဲ့αိုα α ီα α₯္αျαα္းျαα ္αα္αု αြဲα ီα α₯္αူ αα¦းျαα ္αα့္ ႏုိα္αံေαး α‘α်α₯္းαူေαာα္း ααα္αာေα‘ာα္α α§αာααီαုိ ေျαာαα္။
αိုαိုααီးααα္း“αα္ေαြα αိαိေαာα္ေαာα္ αူαီေαးေααΎααဲ့ α်ိဳးαα္αα ္ေαြ၊ αျαား αူαီေαးေααΎααဲ့ αီ α‘α ္αို ေαြ၊ αီေαာα္ေαြ၊ αူαုိαေαြαိုαα္း α‘ေαးα‘αα္ αုα္ျαဳαဲ့α‘ေαΎαာα္း၊ αα္αိုးαားαဲ့ α‘ေαΎαာα္း α‘αα္း α‘αားαွာ α်ေαာ္ေျαာαါαα္”αု ေျαာαα္။
ျαα္αြα္း αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαးႏွα့္ α်α္αွိေαေαးαα့္ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαားα်ား α‘ျαα္αံုး αြα္ေျαာα္ေαး α‘αြα္ αံαုိα္ႏွα့္ α‘ုα္αံαံ αုံααၭာα္ αိα္αုα္αေαααြα္ αေαာα္းαုိα္αြα္း αုေαာα္းျαα္း၊ αီးαြα္းαွိαားေαာ αေαာα္းαိုα္α်ားαို ေαေαွ်ာ αုေαာα္းျαα္းα်ား ျαဳαုα္ေαΎαာα္းαα္း αိααα္။
ααα္ေαα α α‘αα္းα‘αား ၌ α§αာααီ ျαα ္αံုαα္ α ီαံαိα္း αα္αွα္αုိး αႈα္αွားαႈ αုα္ေαာα္αဲ့αူα်ား ၏ α‘αွα္αα αα α₯α္းαိုαα္း αα α်ိဳးαα္ ေα်ာα္းαားေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαို ေαးα‘α္αဲ့αα္။
“α§αာααီ ျαα ္ααီးαာ αါαိုα α‘ေαြးα‘αားαဲααα္αူျαဳαΏαီး αံα ားαΎααα္αိုαဲ့ αိုα္းαα္းαာαြα္ ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္αဲ့αΎααဲ့α‘αြα္ ေαΎαာα့္ ႏုိα္αံေαာ္ αααΌααိုα္αုိα္ αα္α ီαံαိα္းααီးαို αα္αα္ααα ္αဲ့ααဲ့α‘αိ ေα‘ာα္αြဲαံႏိုα္αဲ့αာαာ αα်ိဳးαားαံုး α α္း αံုး αီαြα္αႈαို ျαααာαဲ”αု αိုαိုααီး α ေျαာαα္။
α‘αုိαါ α‘αα္းα‘αားαို α¦းေαာα္α်α္းααΎααူα်ားαွာ α¦းα ြာαြα္ေျαာα္αΏαီးႏွα့္ေαာ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαား ေαာα္းα်ားျαα ္αΏαီး α‘α်α္းα်α္း αိုα္းαα္းαူαီႏိုα္αα္ α ုαြဲααားαΎααူα်ား ျαα ္αα္။
αိုαိုααီးα“α်ေαာ္αိုα αုံးαႈံးαα
္αာαဲ့ααာေαြ αား ေျαးေαြα‘αိ αα္αΏαီး αံα
ားααα့္ ေαααာေαြαို α်ေαာ္αိုα αα္ αα္ αွာ ႏုα္ αα္ေαးαိုα၊ ေျαေα်ာ့ ေαးαိုα α‘ားαုံး αေαါα္းαα
α္းαα္း αိုα္းαα္းααိဳးαα္း αΎααါα
ိုα αိုα αိုα္αြα္းαါαα္”αု α‘αα္းα‘αား αြα္ ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αα္။
αုိα္းႏုိα္αံ α‘ေျαα ိုα္ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαားα်ား αူαီေα ာα့္ေαွာα္ေαး α‘αα္း(AAPP)၏α ာαα္းα‘α ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαား αααα ေα်ာ္ αြα္ေျαာα္αα္ α်α္αွိေαေαးေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။
αုိα္းႏုိα္αံ α‘ေျαα ိုα္ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαားα်ား αူαီေα ာα့္ေαွာα္ေαး α‘αα္း(AAPP)၏α ာαα္းα‘α ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαား αααα ေα်ာ္ αြα္ေျαာα္αα္ α်α္αွိေαေαးေαΎαာα္း αိααα္။
Source : Irrawaddy News ( Burmese)
αေαααုα္ ျαα္αူαေαα္α်ာαα္αါ ေαာα္αံααဲα ေျαာα်α္αြα္းαိုα ေαာα္းαါး။
αα္ααါαီα αα αα္ေαα ααα္αိုα္းαွာ ααα္း αိုα္α
ိα္αွα္αα္αြα္၊ αိုα္αာααα္းα α
ာေαးααာα αα္αိႈα္αΎαဴ α‘ိα္αွာ ျαဳαုα္αဲ့ αူααα္αြα္း ααα္း α¦းαα္ေαာα္αα္း ႏွα
္αα္αα္ αြα္းေαြα½းαြဲαို αြα½α္ေαာ္ αြား ေαာα္αဲ့αါαα္။ αααααု αα္ααါαီααွာ ႏိုα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαားαααဲα α‘α္းα
ိα္ေαာα္αြα္း αူαြα္αြα္αဲ့αါαα္။ ေαာα္αို αေαာα္αα္ ေααΎαα္α‘ိုα္αွာ αိုαα္ေαာα္αα္းαα္၊ αြα½α္ေαာ္αα္၊ ျαα္αာ့α‘αံ α¦းေα်ာ္α¦းαα္ α‘αူαူေααဲ့ααα္။ α‘α္းα
ိα္ αီးαα္αေαာα္α်ေαာ့ αိုαα္ေαာα္αα္း၊ αိαုαာ α¦းေα်ာ္αα္းαဲα αြα½α္ေαာ္ αα
္αα္းαα္း αုံးေαာα္ေαααα္။ ေαာα္αူα်α္းαြဲαα
္αΏαီး ααΎαာαα္ αိုαα္ေαာα္αα္း αုံးαြားαာαါ။ αα္αုα္ααၠαိုα္αွာααα္းα αααၢαဲα ေα်ာα္းαား αီαြα္ေαးαα္α¦းαွာ α‘αူ αα္αြဲαုα္αဲ့αΎααိုα αီα‘α
္αိုαို αံေαာαα₯္ ααီးαဲ့αဲ့ αိုαα္ေαာα္αα္း αုံးαΏαီαိုαာ αΎαားေαာ့ αြα½α္ေαာ္ α‘αα္း α
ိα္αိαိုα္αဲ့ααα္။ ေαွααα့္ေαာα္αα့္ αိုααို αြα½α္ေαာ့္ ေαးα‘αα္းα αုံးαြαိုα
ိα္αα္း (αα္ααီးေα‘ာα္) αုံးျαα္αα္။ αα္ααီးေα‘ာα္ αိုα
ိα္αα္းααα္း αα္αုα္ααၠαိုα္ ေα်ာα္းαားαααၢαွာ αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုααဲα ေαာα္ေαာ္ααီးαα
္ေαာα္αါ။
αီαိုαေαα ီαို ျαα္αြားα်α္αါေαးαα္
α‘αုαိုαα္ αိαုαာ α¦းေα်ာ္αα္းαα္း ေαာα္αြα္းαါ ေαာαါαα္α αဲα αြα္αြα္αြားαါαΏαီ။ ျαα္αာ့α‘αံα¦းေα်ာ္α¦းαေαာ့ α‘αု ေαျαα္αΏαီး α αားαေျαာႏိုα္ေαာ့αါ။ αြα½α္ေαာ္αα ္ေαာα္αေαာ့ αံေαာα္း ေαာα္ααိုα αΎαြα္းα်α္ αွα္αα္αΏαီး αြα½α္ေαာ့္ α ာေαြαဲα α ာαα္αူျαα္αူ α်ားαို αα္αြα္αြα့္αေααါေαးαα္။ α α ္αွα္αဲ့ αီαိုαေαα ီႏိုα္αံေαာ္αို α်α္αါးαα္αα္ ေαြαျαα္αΏαီးα်ိα္α‘αိေαာ့ αြα½α္ေαာ္ α‘αα္αွα္α်α္ ေαးαα္α်ာ။
αα္ααါαီα αα αα္ေαα ααα္αိုα္းαွာ ααα္း αိုα္α
ိα္αွα္αα္αြα္၊ αိုα္αာααα္းα α
ာေαးααာα αα္αိႈα္αΎαဴ α‘ိα္αွာ ျαဳαုα္αဲ့ αူααα္αြα္း ααα္း α¦းαα္ေαာα္αα္း ႏွα
္αα္αα္ αြα္းေαြα½းαြဲαို αြα½α္ေαာ္ αြား ေαာα္αဲ့αါαα္။ αααααု αα္ααါαီααွာ ႏိုα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαားαααဲα α‘α္းα
ိα္ေαာα္αြα္း αူαြα္αြα္αဲ့αါαα္။ ေαာα္αို αေαာα္αα္ ေααΎαα္α‘ိုα္αွာ αိုαα္ေαာα္αα္းαα္၊ αြα½α္ေαာ္αα္၊ ျαα္αာ့α‘αံ α¦းေα်ာ္α¦းαα္ α‘αူαူေααဲ့ααα္။ α‘α္းα
ိα္ αီးαα္αေαာα္α်ေαာ့ αိုαα္ေαာα္αα္း၊ αိαုαာ α¦းေα်ာ္αα္းαဲα αြα½α္ေαာ္ αα
္αα္းαα္း αုံးေαာα္ေαααα္။ ေαာα္αူα်α္းαြဲαα
္αΏαီး ααΎαာαα္ αိုαα္ေαာα္αα္း αုံးαြားαာαါ။ αα္αုα္ααၠαိုα္αွာααα္းα αααၢαဲα ေα်ာα္းαား αီαြα္ေαးαα္α¦းαွာ α‘αူ αα္αြဲαုα္αဲ့αΎααိုα αီα‘α
္αိုαို αံေαာαα₯္ ααီးαဲ့αဲ့ αိုαα္ေαာα္αα္း αုံးαΏαီαိုαာ αΎαားေαာ့ αြα½α္ေαာ္ α‘αα္း α
ိα္αိαိုα္αဲ့ααα္။ ေαွααα့္ေαာα္αα့္ αိုααို αြα½α္ေαာ့္ ေαးα‘αα္းα αုံးαြαိုα
ိα္αα္း (αα္ααီးေα‘ာα္) αုံးျαα္αα္။ αα္ααီးေα‘ာα္ αိုα
ိα္αα္းααα္း αα္αုα္ααၠαိုα္ ေα်ာα္းαားαααၢαွာ αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုααဲα ေαာα္ေαာ္ααီးαα
္ေαာα္αါ။αီαိုαေαα ီαို ျαα္αြားα်α္αါေαးαα္
α‘αုαိုαα္ αိαုαာ α¦းေα်ာ္αα္းαα္း ေαာα္αြα္းαါ ေαာαါαα္α αဲα αြα္αြα္αြားαါαΏαီ။ ျαα္αာ့α‘αံα¦းေα်ာ္α¦းαေαာ့ α‘αု ေαျαα္αΏαီး α αားαေျαာႏိုα္ေαာ့αါ။ αြα½α္ေαာ္αα ္ေαာα္αေαာ့ αံေαာα္း ေαာα္ααိုα αΎαြα္းα်α္ αွα္αα္αΏαီး αြα½α္ေαာ့္ α ာေαြαဲα α ာαα္αူျαα္αူ α်ားαို αα္αြα္αြα့္αေααါေαးαα္။ α α ္αွα္αဲ့ αီαိုαေαα ီႏိုα္αံေαာ္αို α်α္αါးαα္αα္ ေαြαျαα္αΏαီးα်ိα္α‘αိေαာ့ αြα½α္ေαာ္ α‘αα္αွα္α်α္ ေαးαα္α်ာ။
ααုα္αာαာေαြးေαα
αူαα္αိုα္းα‘αြα္αွာ α်αုံးαဲ့αူေαြα‘ေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαΏαီးေαာ့ α‘αα္ αα ေα်ာ္α‘αိ α်α္αေααွိαွိ ေαျαေααူ ααာααုα္αာαာα‘ေαΎαာα္း ေျαာααါα¦းαα္။ αα္ααါαီ αα αα္αွာαဲ α်α္းααဲ့ αာေαြ ααာαႏၲိαုα ေα်ာα္းαိုα္α ααာ ααုα္αာαာαဲα α‘αα္ αα ႏွα ္ ေαြးေααα‘ααိဳαုα္ျαဳαဲြ α‘αα္းα‘αားαို αြα½α္ေαာ္ αြားေαာα္αဲ့αα္α်။ α‘ားαံုးαိαΎααဲ့α‘αိုα္း ααာαာ α‘αြα္ေαာα္αူαားေျαာα္ α်ိα္αα αိုα α‘αုα‘αိ ျαα္αူαα္α αα ္ααα္αα္း αα္αα္αဲ့αΏαီး ေαα္α‘αα္αα္αဲα α ာေαα ာα်α္ႏွာαွာ ျαα္αူေαြαို α¦းေαာα္αႈေαးαဲ့αူျαα ္αာေαΎαာα့္ ααာ့αဲαေαြးေααααိဳα§α့္αံαဲြ α‘αα္းα‘αားαာ αα္ေαာα္ αါααျαဳαူ α§α့္ααိαα္ေαြ α်ားαα္းαα္ αွ် αΎαα္α်ံαα်αိုα αိုαေαာα္ေα‘ာα္ α‘αူးαို α α္αားαိုα္αΏαိဳα္ αွαα္α်။
ααာααုα္αာαာαα္ αေαာα္ααီးαဲ့ αါးαα္α ααα္αိα္ိးေαာα္αဲα ααာαာေα‘ာα္ ααႏွα ္αα္αဲ့ ααာ αံαာααီ α¦းαα္းαα္αိုαα္း ααာαို α‘α္αုαΏαီး αွα္αα္ေααဲ့ ααα‘αာαဲα ေαြαααα္α်ာ။ α‘αΏαိα္းα ားαံα‘αα္ααီး α¦းαα္αြα္း αα္းေαွ်ာα္αုα္α‘ားျαဳαΏαီး αေαြαေαြα αွα္းαာ α‘ေαာα္αာαာ ေαြαααα္။ ေαာ္αုαားαေαးαဲα α်α္αα ္αူ ααီး ေαααα္ေααိုαα္း αΏαံဳးေαα် α‘αΏαံဳးေαးαဲα ေαြαα ႏႈα္αα္αိုα္ααα္။ α‘αα္းα‘αား α‘α ီα‘α α₯္αွဴး αုα္αဲ့ αုံαြာ α¦းα‘ံ့ေαာα္αα္αα္ α‘αα္ αα αွိαါαΏαီၤ။ ααာα‘ံ့αာ ααာααုα္αာαာαဲα α‘αြα္းေαးαွဴးαာαα္αိုαူαΏαီး αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး αα္αΎαားα်α္ေαြαို αျαα္ααα္ αုα္ျαα္ေααါαα္။
αα ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαြဲ
α်α္αေααွိαွαဲ့ ααာα‘ိုααီးေαြαို αါααျαဳαΏαီးαဲ့ေαာα္ αα္αါαီ αα αα္α်ေαာ့ ျαα္αα္းα ေαာ္αα္α α္αာαွာ αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုααဲα ေαာα္ α်ိဳးαα္ႏွα ္αα္α αူαα္ေαြαို α‘ေαးျαဳαျαα္αါαα္။ ααာ ααုα္αာαာα ααα္ေα‘ာα္αα္း၊ ααα္ႏုαဲα αူαိုαေαα္ (ααααျαα့္α‘ေαး ေαာ္αုံေαα္) α α‘α်ိဳးαားαြα္αα္ေαးααိဳးαα္းαႈαွာαါαα္αဲ့αဲ့ αူαα္ေαြαို αααα်ိဳးαα္αိုα αα္αွα္αα္။ αααααုႏွα ္α αူαα္ေαြαို αုαိα α်ိဳးαα္αိုα αα္αွα္αါαα္။ αြα½α္ေαာ့္αဲေαာ္ααီး ααααိုαွေαႊαေαာ့ αααα αα္းαိုႏိုα္၊ αိုαိုααီးαိုα α်ိဳးαα္αို ααိαα်ိဳးαα္၊ αူαိုαေαာα္ ေα်ာ္αိုαို၊ α α္αူေαာα္၊ αΏαိဳးαΏαိဳးေα‘ာα္αိုα α်ိဳးαα္αို α αုαၴα်ိဳးαα္αိုα αα္α ားαါαα္။
αα္းαα္းαα္းαာ αံα ားαိ
ေαာ္αα္α α္αာ αα္းαααီးαဲα αα α်ိဳးαα္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαဲα ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαြဲ ျαα္αြα္းαို αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုα္αΎαα့္αα္း α ိα္αဲ αα္းαα္း αα္းαာααီး ျαα ္ေααိαါαα္။ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα ္ႏွα ္ေαာα္α‘αိ αα္αိုαွ α ိα္αူးαဲေαာα္αα့္αိုααααဲ့ ျαα္αြα္းαိုααဲ ေျαာααα္α်ာ။ αα္းαိုႏိုα္၊ αα္းေαα်ာ၊ αိုျαေα‘း၊ αိုαိုααီး၊ ေαးαΎαြα္၊ α်α္αီ၊ αΏαံဳးα်ိဳ၊ αွα်ိဳးေαာα္၊ ေα‘ာα္αူ၊ α‘ံ့αြα္ေα်ာ္၊ αီαာαိα္း၊ αီးαီး။ αα္ααါαီ αα αα္ေααααွ ေαာα္α‘αီးαီးα αြα္αာαΎααူေαြ αာααα္းေαာα္αွိαα္αα္αါ့။ αူαိုαေαြ ေαာα္αဲေαာα္ေααုα္း α‘ျαα္αွာ αုα္ႏိုα္αေαာα္ αα္αုα္αဲ့αΎααဲ့ α ိုးαြα္းαဲα αြα္းျαα့္ေα‘ာα္αိုαα္း ααိαα္αဲα αိα္αα္ေαးαါαα္။
ႏိုα္αံေαးေαါα္းေαာα္ေαာα္းေαြ
αα ေαြαို αြα½α္ေαာ္α αိုα္းျαα္αဲα ႏိုα္αံေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαာα္း α်ားα‘ျαα ္ αိုα္αΎαα့္αΏαီး α‘αဲαα္αα္း αီαိျαα ္ေααာαါ။ αူαိုααဲα α‘α်ားα ုαာ αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုα ႏိုα္αံαွာ α‘αြα္αိုα‘α္ေααဲ့ α‘αα္α‘α်α္းျαα့္ α ံαီαα္းαီ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားα်ားα‘ျαα ္ ေααာαူαΎαေαာ့αွာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ αူαိုα ေαွာα္αႊဲα်α္αα္ေαာα္αွ ေαွာα္αႊဲαိုα ααႏိုα္ေαာ့αါαူး။ αိုα္းျαα္α αူαိုααို ေαာα္းαိုေααါαΏαီ။
αိုα္းျαα္α ေαွ်ာ္αα့္ေααါαα္
αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုαႏိုα္αံαွာ α ံαီαα္းαီႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြ α‘ေαးαααီး αိုα‘α္ေααါαα္။ ααာααုα္αာαာαဲα α ံႏႈα္းα‘αေျαာααα္ αူαိုαေαα္ αααα်ိဳးαα္α αုα္αုαါαΏαီ။ αα္αွိαα္αွားα်α္αူေαြααα္း α‘αα္ αα αα ္αိုα္္ေαြ ျαα ္ေααΎααΏαီ။ αုαိαα်ိဳးαα္α်ေαာ့ α‘αα္ αα αα ္αိုα္ေαာα္αုα္αΎααΏαီ။ αါေαΎαာα့္ ααိαα်ိဳးαα္αဲα α αုαၴα်ိဳးαα္αို αိုα္းျαα္α ေαွ်ာ္αα့္ေααာαါ။
ေαွααူေαြαα္ေαာ္ααα္
αα္αွိႏိုα္αံေαးαါαီေαြα ႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြαဲα αႊα္ေαာ္αဲေαာα္ ေαြးေαာα္αံ αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြαဲαေααာαို α်ိဳးαα္αα ္ေαြα ααႊဲαေαြ αα္αူαΎαααα့္ α‘α်ိα္αα ္α်ိα္ ေαာα္αာαွာျαα ္αα္။ α်ိဳးαα္αα ္ ႏိုα္αံေαးααား ေαြαာ ေαွαααူေαြαα္ ေαာ္αွ ျαα ္αα္။ αိုα္α်ိဳးα ြα္α α‘αα ္αာαံαာαွာ ေαာ္αုံαွ်αα αိုα္းျαα္αဲαα‘ေαးα‘αာေαြαွာ α‘ေျαာ္α‘ျαα္ααီးαူေαြ၊ α ိα္αူးα ိα္αα္းေαာα္း αုα္αုα္ႏိုα္αူေαြ၊ αိုα္ျαα္αို αြံααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္ေα‘ာα္ α¦းေαာα္ႏိုα္αူေαြ ျαα ္αိုα ျαα္αα္αားαΎαααါαα္။
α်ဴαိုααα္α‘ျαα္
ေαာ္αα္α α္αာ αုαα ္αα္α αα္းα‘αာαွာ αြα½α္ေαာ္αဲα αိαြα½α္းαဲ့ α်ဴαိုααα္α‘αΏαိα္းα ားαα ္ေαာα္αဲα ေα‘ာα္αα္αα ္ေααာαွာ ေαြααါαα္။ αူαααီးαဲα ေα ်းαာαα္αα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။ αူα αြα½α္ေαာ့္αို αα္α αာαာαဲေαးαိုα αα္းαိုႏိုα္αိုα αα α်ိဳးαα္ေαြαဲα ααα္းα ာ αွα္းαα္းαြဲα ျαα္αာαာ ေျαာေαာ့ ]]αα္αုα္αါαား။ αူαိုαα αာေαြ ေျαာαဲ၊ αါαီေαြαာေαြ ေαာα္α¦းααဲ့αား၊ ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαα္αΏαီး αိုα္းျαα္ ေαါα္းေαာα္ αုα္αΎαα¦းααဲ့αား}} α αဲ့ αα္αα့္αα့္ ေαးαြα္းေαြ ေαးαα္။ αြα½α္ေαာ္α α‘ဲααိုαူα်ိဳးေαြα‘ေαΎαာα္း ေαာα္းေαာα္းαားαα္αα္။ αူαိုααာ αα ္αα္αုံး α်ဴαိုααα္α ိα္αဲαေααဲ့αΎααာ။ αုα္αα္ေαး ααာαဲ့α‘αါ αာαα္α်αဲ့ ႏိုα္αံျαားαိုα္းျαα္ေαြαွာ αွα့္ေααΎααα္။ αα α်ိဳးαα္ေαြ ေαာα္α်αံေααΎααဲ့α‘α်ိα္αွာ αူαိုαα αားααီးေαြαို ႏိုα္αံျαားေα်ာα္းေαြαွာαားαΏαီး ααာαူးαြα½α္ေα‘ာα္ αြα္းα‘ားေαးαα္။ ႏိုα္αံေαးαဲα αα္းαα္းေααိုα α‘αူးαြα္αα္αုံးααα္။ αားααီးေαြ α‘αုα္α‘αိုα္ ေαာα္းေαာα္း αေα‘ာα္၊ αူαိုαα‘αြα္ α ားαာαα့္ αိုα္းျαα္α်ိဳးαို ေαာα္ေα‘ာα္ αα αα့္ αူေαြαို αα္းαα္αα္။ αါးααα့္αူေαြαို αါးαα္။ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြαို α‘αα္αααီးαုံαα α‘αα္ေαးαα္။ α α ္αိုα္ေαြαိုαဲ αြα္αာ αွာ α‘αα္းα်αα္။ ေαွααα္α်ေαာ့ αါးαို αα αီααီေα ာα္းေα‘ာα္ αြα္αΏαီး α‘αိုα‘ေαေαးαα္။
α ေαးαုံး α‘ေαးေαာ္αုံα‘ေαΎαာα္းေျαာαα္ αူαိုαα α ေαးαုံး αူαူαႈαိုα αါးα α္α αြα္αα္။ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြαို αေααေα်ေαြαိုα ျαα္αα္။ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြ ေαာα္α်αံααာαို αာααα္ျαα ္αႈ α်ဴးαြα္αိုα ျαα ္αα္α်αံααာαိုα αုံαုံαΎαα္αΎαα္ေျαာαα္။ α‘α ိုးααα္းα်ားαို αာαာα α α‘α္αုα်α္αဲ့ေαာα္ေαြ αံααာေαာα္αα္းေαးαိုα ေျαာαံ့αα္။
αူαိုαေαါα္းေαာα္ျαα ္αာαα္
α‘ဲααိုαူေαြαို αြα½α္ေαာ္α ααα္αြံαα္။ αူαိုα α‘αၤαိα္αို၊ ျαα္αα ္αို αႊα္ေαေα‘ာα္ ေျαာαΏαီး ေαα္αα္αα္ ေααာαို αα်ိဳαα α‘αα္ααီးေααα့္ αြα½α္ေαာ္α αုံးα α‘αα္ေαးαα္။ αူαိုα α ိα္αာα္αို α‘αα္ေαးαာαါ။ αူαိုα αြα½α္းα်α္αဲ့ α်ဴαိုαေαα ီ α ီαံαα္ααြဲေαးαွာေαာ့ ေαာ္αΎαေααွာေαါ့။
αြα½α္ေαာ္α αα္α်α₯္α်α₯္αဲα αူααို αα္αႊα္းαα္αႊα္း ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
]]αုα္αα္α်ိဳα၊ αူαိုααာ αα ္ေαααွာ αိုα္းျαα္ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြ ျαα ္αာαိုαα်ားαα္။ α‘ဲαီα‘αါα်αα္ αα္α်ား αီႏိုα္αံαွာ ေαα¦းααား}}
αူα α‘α္းαα္းαα္း ျαα ္αြားαΏαီးαွ ]]αာ αα္α်ားααဲ α်ဳα္α αα္αြားααွာαဲ။ α‘αα္ααီးαΏαီေα။ αူαိုαေαြ αα္αာေαာ့αဲ α‘αိုα္α‘αိုα္ေαါ့α်ာ}}
αြα½α္ေαာ္α ျαα္ျαα္ ႏႈα္αα္αΏαီး αူααို ေα်ာαိုα္းαြα္αာαဲ့αါαα္။
αα၊ αα၊ αααα
αူαα္αိုα္းα‘αြα္αွာ α်αုံးαဲ့αူေαြα‘ေαΎαာα္း ေျαာαΏαီးေαာ့ α‘αα္ αα ေα်ာ္α‘αိ α်α္αေααွိαွိ ေαျαေααူ ααာααုα္αာαာα‘ေαΎαာα္း ေျαာααါα¦းαα္။ αα္ααါαီ αα αα္αွာαဲ α်α္းααဲ့ αာေαြ ααာαႏၲိαုα ေα်ာα္းαိုα္α ααာ ααုα္αာαာαဲα α‘αα္ αα ႏွα ္ ေαြးေααα‘ααိဳαုα္ျαဳαဲြ α‘αα္းα‘αားαို αြα½α္ေαာ္ αြားေαာα္αဲ့αα္α်။ α‘ားαံုးαိαΎααဲ့α‘αိုα္း ααာαာ α‘αြα္ေαာα္αူαားေျαာα္ α်ိα္αα αိုα α‘αုα‘αိ ျαα္αူαα္α αα ္ααα္αα္း αα္αα္αဲ့αΏαီး ေαα္α‘αα္αα္αဲα α ာေαα ာα်α္ႏွာαွာ ျαα္αူေαြαို α¦းေαာα္αႈေαးαဲ့αူျαα ္αာေαΎαာα့္ ααာ့αဲαေαြးေααααိဳα§α့္αံαဲြ α‘αα္းα‘αားαာ αα္ေαာα္ αါααျαဳαူ α§α့္ααိαα္ေαြ α်ားαα္းαα္ αွ် αΎαα္α်ံαα်αိုα αိုαေαာα္ေα‘ာα္ α‘αူးαို α α္αားαိုα္αΏαိဳα္ αွαα္α်။
ααာααုα္αာαာαα္ αေαာα္ααီးαဲ့ αါးαα္α ααα္αိα္ိးေαာα္αဲα ααာαာေα‘ာα္ ααႏွα ္αα္αဲ့ ααာ αံαာααီ α¦းαα္းαα္αိုαα္း ααာαို α‘α္αုαΏαီး αွα္αα္ေααဲ့ ααα‘αာαဲα ေαြαααα္α်ာ။ α‘αΏαိα္းα ားαံα‘αα္ααီး α¦းαα္αြα္း αα္းေαွ်ာα္αုα္α‘ားျαဳαΏαီး αေαြαေαြα αွα္းαာ α‘ေαာα္αာαာ ေαြαααα္။ ေαာ္αုαားαေαးαဲα α်α္αα ္αူ ααီး ေαααα္ေααိုαα္း αΏαံဳးေαα် α‘αΏαံဳးေαးαဲα ေαြαα ႏႈα္αα္αိုα္ααα္။ α‘αα္းα‘αား α‘α ီα‘α α₯္αွဴး αုα္αဲ့ αုံαြာ α¦းα‘ံ့ေαာα္αα္αα္ α‘αα္ αα αွိαါαΏαီၤ။ ααာα‘ံ့αာ ααာααုα္αာαာαဲα α‘αြα္းေαးαွဴးαာαα္αိုαူαΏαီး αΏαိα္းα်α္းေαး αα္αΎαားα်α္ေαြαို αျαα္ααα္ αုα္ျαα္ေααါαα္။
αα ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαြဲ
α်α္αေααွိαွαဲ့ ααာα‘ိုααီးေαြαို αါααျαဳαΏαီးαဲ့ေαာα္ αα္αါαီ αα αα္α်ေαာ့ ျαα္αα္းα ေαာ္αα္α α္αာαွာ αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုααဲα ေαာα္ α်ိဳးαα္ႏွα ္αα္α αူαα္ေαြαို α‘ေαးျαဳαျαα္αါαα္။ ααာ ααုα္αာαာα ααα္ေα‘ာα္αα္း၊ ααα္ႏုαဲα αူαိုαေαα္ (ααααျαα့္α‘ေαး ေαာ္αုံေαα္) α α‘α်ိဳးαားαြα္αα္ေαးααိဳးαα္းαႈαွာαါαα္αဲ့αဲ့ αူαα္ေαြαို αααα်ိဳးαα္αိုα αα္αွα္αα္။ αααααုႏွα ္α αူαα္ေαြαို αုαိα α်ိဳးαα္αိုα αα္αွα္αါαα္။ αြα½α္ေαာ့္αဲေαာ္ααီး ααααိုαွေαႊαေαာ့ αααα αα္းαိုႏိုα္၊ αိုαိုααီးαိုα α်ိဳးαα္αို ααိαα်ိဳးαα္၊ αူαိုαေαာα္ ေα်ာ္αိုαို၊ α α္αူေαာα္၊ αΏαိဳးαΏαိဳးေα‘ာα္αိုα α်ိဳးαα္αို α αုαၴα်ိဳးαα္αိုα αα္α ားαါαα္။
αα္းαα္းαα္းαာ αံα ားαိ
ေαာ္αα္α α္αာ αα္းαααီးαဲα αα α်ိဳးαα္ ေα်ာα္းαားα်ားαဲα ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαြဲ ျαα္αြα္းαို αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုα္αΎαα့္αα္း α ိα္αဲ αα္းαα္း αα္းαာααီး ျαα ္ေααိαါαα္။ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ αα ္ႏွα ္ေαာα္α‘αိ αα္αိုαွ α ိα္αူးαဲေαာα္αα့္αိုααααဲ့ ျαα္αြα္းαိုααဲ ေျαာααα္α်ာ။ αα္းαိုႏိုα္၊ αα္းေαα်ာ၊ αိုျαေα‘း၊ αိုαိုααီး၊ ေαးαΎαြα္၊ α်α္αီ၊ αΏαံဳးα်ိဳ၊ αွα်ိဳးေαာα္၊ ေα‘ာα္αူ၊ α‘ံ့αြα္ေα်ာ္၊ αီαာαိα္း၊ αီးαီး။ αα္ααါαီ αα αα္ေααααွ ေαာα္α‘αီးαီးα αြα္αာαΎααူေαြ αာααα္းေαာα္αွိαα္αα္αါ့။ αူαိုαေαြ ေαာα္αဲေαာα္ေααုα္း α‘ျαα္αွာ αုα္ႏိုα္αေαာα္ αα္αုα္αဲ့αΎααဲ့ α ိုးαြα္းαဲα αြα္းျαα့္ေα‘ာα္αိုαα္း ααိαα္αဲα αိα္αα္ေαးαါαα္။
ႏိုα္αံေαးေαါα္းေαာα္ေαာα္းေαြ
αα ေαြαို αြα½α္ေαာ္α αိုα္းျαα္αဲα ႏိုα္αံေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαာα္း α်ားα‘ျαα ္ αိုα္αΎαα့္αΏαီး α‘αဲαα္αα္း αီαိျαα ္ေααာαါ။ αူαိုααဲα α‘α်ားα ုαာ αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုα ႏိုα္αံαွာ α‘αြα္αိုα‘α္ေααဲ့ α‘αα္α‘α်α္းျαα့္ α ံαီαα္းαီ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားα်ားα‘ျαα ္ ေααာαူαΎαေαာ့αွာ ျαα ္αါαα္။ αူαိုα ေαွာα္αႊဲα်α္αα္ေαာα္αွ ေαွာα္αႊဲαိုα ααႏိုα္ေαာ့αါαူး။ αိုα္းျαα္α αူαိုααို ေαာα္းαိုေααါαΏαီ။
αိုα္းျαα္α ေαွ်ာ္αα့္ေααါαα္
αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုαႏိုα္αံαွာ α ံαီαα္းαီႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြ α‘ေαးαααီး αိုα‘α္ေααါαα္။ ααာααုα္αာαာαဲα α ံႏႈα္းα‘αေျαာααα္ αူαိုαေαα္ αααα်ိဳးαα္α αုα္αုαါαΏαီ။ αα္αွိαα္αွားα်α္αူေαြααα္း α‘αα္ αα αα ္αိုα္္ေαြ ျαα ္ေααΎααΏαီ။ αုαိαα်ိဳးαα္α်ေαာ့ α‘αα္ αα αα ္αိုα္ေαာα္αုα္αΎααΏαီ။ αါေαΎαာα့္ ααိαα်ိဳးαα္αဲα α αုαၴα်ိဳးαα္αို αိုα္းျαα္α ေαွ်ာ္αα့္ေααာαါ။
ေαွααူေαြαα္ေαာ္ααα္
αα္αွိႏိုα္αံေαးαါαီေαြα ႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြαဲα αႊα္ေαာ္αဲေαာα္ ေαြးေαာα္αံ αိုα္α ားαွα္ေαြαဲαေααာαို α်ိဳးαα္αα ္ေαြα ααႊဲαေαြ αα္αူαΎαααα့္ α‘α်ိα္αα ္α်ိα္ ေαာα္αာαွာျαα ္αα္။ α်ိဳးαα္αα ္ ႏိုα္αံေαးααား ေαြαာ ေαွαααူေαြαα္ ေαာ္αွ ျαα ္αα္။ αိုα္α်ိဳးα ြα္α α‘αα ္αာαံαာαွာ ေαာ္αုံαွ်αα αိုα္းျαα္αဲαα‘ေαးα‘αာေαြαွာ α‘ေျαာ္α‘ျαα္ααီးαူေαြ၊ α ိα္αူးα ိα္αα္းေαာα္း αုα္αုα္ႏိုα္αူေαြ၊ αိုα္ျαα္αို αြံααΏαိဳးαိုးαα္ေα‘ာα္ α¦းေαာα္ႏိုα္αူေαြ ျαα ္αိုα ျαα္αα္αားαΎαααါαα္။
α်ဴαိုααα္α‘ျαα္
ေαာ္αα္α α္αာ αုαα ္αα္α αα္းα‘αာαွာ αြα½α္ေαာ္αဲα αိαြα½α္းαဲ့ α်ဴαိုααα္α‘αΏαိα္းα ားαα ္ေαာα္αဲα ေα‘ာα္αα္αα ္ေααာαွာ ေαြααါαα္။ αူαααီးαဲα ေα ်းαာαα္αα္αိုα αိုαါαα္။ αူα αြα½α္ေαာ့္αို αα္α αာαာαဲေαးαိုα αα္းαိုႏိုα္αိုα αα α်ိဳးαα္ေαြαဲα ααα္းα ာ αွα္းαα္းαြဲα ျαα္αာαာ ေျαာေαာ့ ]]αα္αုα္αါαား။ αူαိုαα αာေαြ ေျαာαဲ၊ αါαီေαြαာေαြ ေαာα္α¦းααဲ့αား၊ ေαြးေαာα္αြဲαα္αΏαီး αိုα္းျαα္ ေαါα္းေαာα္ αုα္αΎαα¦းααဲ့αား}} α αဲ့ αα္αα့္αα့္ ေαးαြα္းေαြ ေαးαα္။ αြα½α္ေαာ္α α‘ဲααိုαူα်ိဳးေαြα‘ေαΎαာα္း ေαာα္းေαာα္းαားαα္αα္။ αူαိုααာ αα ္αα္αုံး α်ဴαိုααα္α ိα္αဲαေααဲ့αΎααာ။ αုα္αα္ေαး ααာαဲ့α‘αါ αာαα္α်αဲ့ ႏိုα္αံျαားαိုα္းျαα္ေαြαွာ αွα့္ေααΎααα္။ αα α်ိဳးαα္ေαြ ေαာα္α်αံေααΎααဲ့α‘α်ိα္αွာ αူαိုαα αားααီးေαြαို ႏိုα္αံျαားေα်ာα္းေαြαွာαားαΏαီး ααာαူးαြα½α္ေα‘ာα္ αြα္းα‘ားေαးαα္။ ႏိုα္αံေαးαဲα αα္းαα္းေααိုα α‘αူးαြα္αα္αုံးααα္။ αားααီးေαြ α‘αုα္α‘αိုα္ ေαာα္းေαာα္း αေα‘ာα္၊ αူαိုαα‘αြα္ α ားαာαα့္ αိုα္းျαα္α်ိဳးαို ေαာα္ေα‘ာα္ αα αα့္ αူေαြαို αα္းαα္αα္။ αါးααα့္αူေαြαို αါးαα္။ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြαို α‘αα္αααီးαုံαα α‘αα္ေαးαα္။ α α ္αိုα္ေαြαိုαဲ αြα္αာ αွာ α‘αα္းα်αα္။ ေαွααα္α်ေαာ့ αါးαို αα αီααီေα ာα္းေα‘ာα္ αြα္αΏαီး α‘αိုα‘ေαေαးαα္။
α ေαးαုံး α‘ေαးေαာ္αုံα‘ေαΎαာα္းေျαာαα္ αူαိုαα α ေαးαုံး αူαူαႈαိုα αါးα α္α αြα္αα္။ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြαို αေααေα်ေαြαိုα ျαα္αα္။ ႏိုα္αံေαးααားေαြ ေαာα္α်αံααာαို αာααα္ျαα ္αႈ α်ဴးαြα္αိုα ျαα ္αα္α်αံααာαိုα αုံαုံαΎαα္αΎαα္ေျαာαα္။ α‘α ိုးααα္းα်ားαို αာαာα α α‘α္αုα်α္αဲ့ေαာα္ေαြ αံααာေαာα္αα္းေαးαိုα ေျαာαံ့αα္။
αူαိုαေαါα္းေαာα္ျαα ္αာαα္
α‘ဲααိုαူေαြαို αြα½α္ေαာ္α ααα္αြံαα္။ αူαိုα α‘αၤαိα္αို၊ ျαα္αα ္αို αႊα္ေαေα‘ာα္ ေျαာαΏαီး ေαα္αα္αα္ ေααာαို αα်ိဳαα α‘αα္ααီးေααα့္ αြα½α္ေαာ္α αုံးα α‘αα္ေαးαα္။ αူαိုα α ိα္αာα္αို α‘αα္ေαးαာαါ။ αူαိုα αြα½α္းα်α္αဲ့ α်ဴαိုαေαα ီ α ီαံαα္ααြဲေαးαွာေαာ့ ေαာ္αΎαေααွာေαါ့။
αြα½α္ေαာ္α αα္α်α₯္α်α₯္αဲα αူααို αα္αႊα္းαα္αႊα္း ေျαာαဲ့αါαα္။
]]αုα္αα္α်ိဳα၊ αူαိုααာ αα ္ေαααွာ αိုα္းျαα္ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြ ျαα ္αာαိုαα်ားαα္။ α‘ဲαီα‘αါα်αα္ αα္α်ား αီႏိုα္αံαွာ ေαα¦းααား}}
αူα α‘α္းαα္းαα္း ျαα ္αြားαΏαီးαွ ]]αာ αα္α်ားααဲ α်ဳα္α αα္αြားααွာαဲ။ α‘αα္ααီးαΏαီေα။ αူαိုαေαြ αα္αာေαာ့αဲ α‘αိုα္α‘αိုα္ေαါ့α်ာ}}
αြα½α္ေαာ္α ျαα္ျαα္ ႏႈα္αα္αΏαီး αူααို ေα်ာαိုα္းαြα္αာαဲ့αါαα္။
αα၊ αα၊ αααα
Credit here
Date :Thursday 9 Feb 2012, Time : 16.00-18.00
The Rohingyas, a Muslim minority group in Burma, were made stateless in 1982 by the military dictatorship. Thousands of Rohingyas have fled brutal suppression in their home country to poverty, misery and abuse in neighbouring Bangladesh. Bangladesh does not accept them as refugees while Burma don´t want them back.
This film describes the nightmarish legal limbo they are living in.
The Rohingyas of Burma are stateless and have been living in misery for decades. They are a forgotten people. Why is it so difficult to find a solution to their situation and to give them a life with dignity?
We screen the film The Exodus of The Rohingyas, which is followed by a debate:
Participants:
- Tun Khin, President of the Burmese Rohingya Organization UK.
- Johan Meyer, Refugee Policy Director at the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
- Erik Abild, Political Advisor at the Norwegian Refugee Council.
Moderator: Kristian Stokke, Professor at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo.
_________________________________________________
About the Rohingyas (in Norwegian) here
Velkommen - og spre gjerne videre!
Se ogsΓ₯ hele festivalprogrammet !
Vennlig hilsen
Γ
se Sand
Den norske BurmakomitΓ© / Norwegian Burma Committee
Det norske menneskerettighetshuset
Kirkegata 5
0153 Oslo, Norge
Mobil: + 47 915 76 251
www.twitter.com/Burmakomite
Source here
 |
| Mr.TomΓ‘s Ojea Quintana |
“ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαွာ αိαာαα္αွားαဲ့ αိုးαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြ ျαα ္ေααေααα္αိုαာαို αြα½α္ေαာ္αိုα α‘ားαုံး α်α္ျαα္αိုα္ေαြααါαဲ။ α‘αုαာαဲ့α‘αြဲαα ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα ααိုα္းαွာ α‘ေαးααီးαဲ့α‘α်ိα္αွာ αာေαာα္αာαါ။ αြα½α္ေαာ့္αဲα α‘αိα αα္αြα္α်α္αေαာ့ αααα αုႏွα ္ αΎααုα္ααွာ αြားေαာα္αဲ့αဲ့ ααီးα α₯္ေαာα္αα္αြဲ α‘ေααဲαေαာ ααု αိုးαα္αႈေαြα‘α ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲα αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြαို α‘αဲျαα္αိုααါ”αု ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαိုα္αာ αုααααၢ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး αိုα္α ားαွα္ TomΓ‘s Ojea Quintana α αα္ααါαီα αα αα္ေααα ေျαာαΎαားαဲ့αα္။
ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαိုα္αာ αုααααၢ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးαိုα္α ားαွα္ TomΓ‘s Ojea Quintana ၏ ေျαာα္αα္αΎαာျαα့္αα့္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ ααီးα α₯္α‘αြα္း α‘α ိုးααာαα္αွိαူα်ား၊ α‘αα္αα္ αူαα‘αြဲαα‘α α္း αာαα္αွိαူα်ားႏွα့္ ေαြααုံαα္αွိေαΎαာα္းαα္း αိαိွααα္။
αုααααၢ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး αိုα္α ားαွα္ TomΓ‘s Ojea Quintana αα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαိုα αααα αုႏွα ္ αΎααုα္αα ααααုံးαာေαာα္αဲ့αΏαီး ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαိုα္αာ αုααααၢ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး αိုα္α ားαွα္α‘ျαα ္ αααα αုႏွα ္ ေαααွ α ၍ α αα္ေαာα္αြα္ေααα္။ ၎ေαာα္αုံး αာေαာα္αဲ့ေαာ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံααီးα α₯္αွာ αααα αုႏွα ္ αΎααုα္αα ျαα ္αα္။
Source : EMG
 |
| David William Donald Cameron , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom |
(UKPA) David Cameron has hailed Burmese pro-democracy leader and Nobel laureate Aung Sang Suu Kyi as a "figure of brilliance" who should steer the West's response to the opening up of Burma.
The Prime Minister was speaking after EU leaders in Brussels vowed to ease EU "restrictive measures" following her release after seven years of house arrest in November 2010.
A summit statement said important changes taking place in Burma "are opening up important new prospects for developing the relationship between the European Union and Burma".
Mr Cameron commented: "I spoke to Aung Sang Suu Kyi at the weekend and asked her about how quickly she thought the re-engagement process should take place between countries in the West in the EU, with the Burmese regime.
"I think it is very important that we listen carefully to her, an absolute figure of brilliance in terms of what she has been through and what she is now going to achieve in that country.
"I think the message is that, yes, we should be engaging, but we should do it in stages and we should look very carefully to make sure that the by-elections that they are going to hold are fair, that prisoners go on being released, that they go on opening up and moving towards democracy.
"And as they do that I think there are opportunities for the EU and I'm delighted that the council (summit) has made such a clear statement tonight."
The EU statement said: "We will continue to ease the EU's restrictive measures if pour expectations are met. The members of the European Council reiterate the EU's readiness to assist Burma in advancing reforms."
Source here
-
αြα္α αα αα္ ၊ αααα Source: guardian.co.uk ျαα္αာျαα္αα ္α‘αြα္ α‘αာαα္αွာ ေα‘ာα္ျαα္αွာαား၊ α်αွဳံးαွာαားαိုαα္αို αႊα္ျαေαာ α α္းαα္αွဳ αα ... -
MP U Shwe Maung Explained on Amendment 1982 Citizenship Law on 25 July 2012. MP U Shwe Maung explained on amendment of 1982 Citizenship Law... -
"Although mass killings and exterminations of human races were some sort of things that the world experienced during Nazi German p... -
RB News March 31, 2018 Minbya, Arakan State : On March 30 morning, a Prayer Leader or Imam was brutally beaten and injured by a Rakh... -
αα္α ြဲ – ေα αα ၊ αααα αို ့ α‘α္αီαာ၊ αိαα₯α₯αာ ααα္းαာα αိαα₯α₯αာ ααα္းαာααွ ေαα αα αα္ေα ့ αုα္ျαα္αα့္ αα္းျαဲαြα္ α‘αα္ αα ႏွ...
-
Read letter here Read history of Rohingya here Download letter PDF here Download History of Rohingya PDF here credi... -
Thousands of Rohingya flee religious persecution in Myanmar, many dying along the way. Thanks to Anonymous, #RohingyaNOW is trending on ... -
12/07/2012 Joint press release HUMANITY GONE ... -
More than 40% of people living in Burma belong to one of the military-ruled nation's different minority groups. The government recognis...
-
By Dr. Maung Zarni Since the first wave of Rohingya genocide in Feb 1978 which expelled nearly 200,000 refugees from all across Wester...
Popular Posts
Threatwiki
Amartya Sen: Burma's "slow genocide" of Rohingyas
Watch Professor Amartya Sen speak on what he calls Burma's 'slow genocide' of Rohingya, Harvard, 4 Nov 2014
