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P R E S S R E L E A S E
U . S . E M B A S S Y R A N G O O N
1 1 0 U n i v e r s i t y A v e n u e , K a m a y u t T o w n s h i p , R a n g o o n , B u r m a
 Press Statement
Special Representative and Policy Coordinator for Burma
Ambassador Derek J. Mitchell
September 14, 2011
Minglaba. Good Morning. Let me read a brief prepared statement. I have just completed my first visit to Burma as U.S. Special Representative and Policy Coordinator. I have spent the past five days in intensive consultations with a full spectrum of interlocutors in Nay Pyi Taw and in Rangoon to discuss the situation here and ways in which the United States can support and promote democracy, human rights, development, and national reconciliation in the country in our common interest.
I want to acknowledge the government’s excellent hospitality, ChargΓ© d’Affaires Michael Thurston and his outstanding team at the U.S. Embassy for a quick turn around in organizing my visit, and all my interlocutors for their time and candor during our meetings over the past several days.
Being my initial visit, my primary goal was to introduce myself, listen to local perspectives, and establish relationships that I will build on as I proceed to fulfill my mandate and responsibilities for managing U.S. Burma policy.
In Nay Pyi Taw, I met with Union Parliament Speaker Khin Aung Myint, People’s Parliament Speaker Thura Shwe Mann, Foreign Minister Wunna Maung Lwin, Labor and Social Welfare Minister Aung Kyi, Border Affairs Minister Lieutenant General Thein Htay, Information Minister Kyaw Hsan, and USDP Secretary General Htay Oo. I also met with a cross section of opposition MPs, including representatives from ethnic minority regions.
I was encouraged by and pleased with the quality and openness of the exchanges, and the constructive and respectful tone of each interaction I had. During these meetings, my government interlocutors repeatedly stated that this country had opened a new chapter to a civilian-led democratic governing structure and expressed that they were sincerely committed to reform in the interest of human rights, democracy, development, and national reconciliation.
I responded that the United States recognized and welcomed recent gestures from Nay Pyi Taw, such as President Thein Sein’s meeting with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the establishment of a National Human Rights Commission, public emphasis on dialogue with ethnic minority groups in the interest of national reconciliation, and moderate easing of media censorship. Among both the international community and the Burmese people, it is clear that there are heightened expectations and hopes that change may be on the horizon.
At the same time, I was frank about the many questions the United States – and others – continue to have about implementation and follow-through on these stated goals. I noted that many within the international community remain skeptical about the government’s commitment to genuine reform and reconciliation, and I urged authorities to prove the skeptics wrong.
To that end, I raised concerns regarding the detention of approximately 2,000 political prisoners, continued hostilities in ethnic minority areas accompanied by reports of serious human rights violations, including against women and children, and the lack of transparency in the government’s military relationship with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
I offered respectfully that the government should take concrete actions in a timely fashion to demonstrate its sincerity and genuine commitment to reform and national reconciliation, including by releasing all political prisoners unconditionally, engaging in meaningful outreach to the political opposition, including Aung San Suu Kyi, and engaging in dialogue rather than armed conflict with ethnic minority groups. I affirmed the importance of establishing a legitimate and credible mechanism for investigating reported abuses in ethnic areas as a first step toward building trust and promoting national reconciliation through accountability. I also urged the government to adhere to all of its obligations under UN Security Council Resolutions related to proliferation.
I want to emphasize that our dialogue on these topics was respectful and open, which I greatly appreciated. I noted that progress on these issues will be essential to progress in the bilateral relationship, and that if the government takes genuine and concrete action, the United States will respond in kind.
Here in Rangoon, I continued the conversation on current conditions and trends in the country with a broad cross section of civil society. I consulted with the business and diplomatic communities, and local and international NGOs, including citizens doing heroic and courageous work providing free funeral services for the poor and treating those with HIV/AIDS.
And of course I met with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and leaders of the National League for Democracy to discuss their perspectives on recent developments in the country, the future of their party, and U.S. policy approaches. I was reminded consistently during my visit that Daw Suu remains deeply important to the citizens of this country, Burman and ethnic minority alike, and that any credible reform effort must include her participation. It was also clear that she remains fully committed to the cause of peaceful change through dialogue.
Unfortunately, I was only here for a few days and thus was unable to explore the full breadth and diversity of this beautiful country. However, the courage and commitment of those with whom I met give me great hope for the country’s future should genuine reform and reconciliation proceed. I will be following developments closely from afar, and look forward to many return visits here to continue the United State’s principled engagement policy.
Again, I would like to thank the government for hosting me so warmly for my inaugural visit in my new post, and to all my interlocutors for sharing their valuable insights. I consider this a highly productive visit. I now will take a few questions before I must catch my plane.


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BANGKOK - It isn't easy working as a journalist under Burma's military rulers. The army has run the country since 1962, and although there were elections in November 2010 - the first in two decades - the army's party won easily and the new Government is headed by Thein Sein, a former General and Prime Minister under the ancien regime.


On the face of it, the new man in charge is trying to 'do reform'. He recently met with Aung San Suu Kyi - the extra-parliamentary opposition leader and now subject of a Luc Besson-directed film 'The Lady' - who in turn praised Thein Sein. To some, the new President is cautious 'reformist', apparently battling against 'hardliners' elsewhere in the Burmese Government. Still others, however, see this apparent contest as theatre, more control freakery by the military strongman behind the scenes, Than Shwe. A Senior-General in the army, he took power in 1992, and ccording to US diplomatic cables from the Rangoon embassy, 'all roads lead to Than Shwe' when it comes to figuring out Burma's opaque power structures.

Reform talk aside, Burma still holds almost 2000 political prisoners, which the Government describes as mere criminals. Among their number are hundreds of Buddhist monks, and over 20 journalists. Just before Thein Sein's April speech lauding the '4th estate', a correspondent for Democratic Voice of Burma was sentenced to 13 years in jail, the seventeenth DVB reporter to be locked up.
Burma has a growing private-owned media sector, but it must run content by Government (read army) censors, who can cut and reject content as they see fit. In another token-looking gesture, the Burmese authorities loosened the censor rules a bit, removing non-news, non-political content from their workload.

According to Shawn Crispin, southeast Asia representative for the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), the 'relaxations' are meaningless. "If the new regime was serious about press freedom, it would dissolve its censorship department altogether and allow the private media to play the watchdog role it does in real democracies."

In a hint at who is really running the show in the 'new' Burma, Crispin concluded that "I doubt Thein Sein's military minders have the stomach for that."

CPJ will publish an assessment of Burma's media landscape in the coming weeks, but in the meantime, see http://www.simonroughneen.com/asia/seasia/burma/censorship-prevails-in-new-burma-despite-reform-talk-pbs-mediashift/#more-5126
 
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Credit : Huffington Post 
Sittwe: Nine Muslims, including four women, were sentenced to two and a half years in prison by a court in Arakan on 8 September for traveling to Burma proper without permission from the authorities, report relatives.

One relative said, "They were sentenced to two and a half years in prison by a female judge in the Sittwe court at 4 pm on 8 September for traveling to Burma proper. I heard the female judge was pressured by the high authority in Naypyidaw to pass down the sentence for traveling to Burma proper."

The Chief of Immigration in Arakan State reported forced the judges to rule against the defendants in the case. Because of this, they were all sentenced under Article 188 of the penal code, and Article 6 (2) and 6 (3).

According to sources, 12 Muslims, including five children from Arakan state, were arrested by a joint force of authorities while they were traveling to Yangon by truck on 29th August, 2011. However, some of them reportedly hold National Registration Cards.

"They were arrested when they arrived at the Max Toll Gate in Maw Be Township, near Yangon, at 8:30 am Yangon time. After being arrested, they were detained in Maw Be police station. Some of them have genuine national identity cards," the relative added.

A day after their arrest, on 30 August, they were taken back to Arakan State by the Yangon immigration personnel via the Payi Township - Taung Goak - Sittwe Highway.

On 4 September, they arrived in Sittwe, the capital Arakan, and were detained in a police station there. On 5 September, five children under the age of ten were released without charges. On 6 September, five men were released on bail by a female judge but were approached by immigration personnel at their respective homes for questioning. They were then taken again to the police station and detained.

The Chief of Immigration called upon the judge who granted them bail in court. At 9 pm, the chief forced the judge to open her court and file charges against the defendants.

"The Chief of Immigration told the female judge to punish them according to Article 188 of the penal code, as well as Article 6 (2) and 6 (3), because there was a command from Naypyidaw," the source said.

Finally, on 8 September, all nine individuals - five men and four women - were sentenced by the female judge to two years and six months in prison.

The current government has imposed strong restrictions on the travel of Muslims from Arakan State to central Burma, much like the previous military government, despite that many have national identity cards, out of fear that Muslims will settle in Burma proper.

Link:  ;http://www.narinjara.com/details.asp?id=3096


ေခတ္α‚€α€€ီးကထြα€”္α€œုိင္းေခတ္ ဆုိေတာ့ တေα€”α‚” တစ္ေခါα€€္ႏွα€…္ေခါα€€္ေα€œာα€€္ေတာ့ ထီးေα€™းထဲα€‘α€œွ်ံα€•α€š္ဝင္α€œာတဲ့ α€žα€α€„္းေတြ၊ ေဆာင္းပါးေတြ၊ ေဆြးေႏြးခ်α€€္ေတြ၊ ေၾကာ္ျငာေတြထဲα€€ α€…ိတ္ဝင္α€…ားα€…α€›ာေတြ α€€ုိဖတ္ျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။ ထခ်ိα€”္ရတဲ့ထခါေတာ့α€œα€Š္း α€…ိတ္ဝင္α€…ားတဲ့၊ ေတြးα€™ိတဲ့ ထေၾကာင္းထရာေα€œးေα€•αšα€™ွာ α€…ာေα€€ာα€€္ေα€›းျα€–α€…္၊ ေဆြး ေႏြးျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။ ထခုα€œα€Š္း ထမ်ားα€’α€€ာေျပာေα€”αΎα€€α€œုိα‚” ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္တြင္းα€€α€œူα€™်ိဳးေα€›းα€€ိα€…α₯ α€žိα€™ိ ၾကားα€™ိ ေတြးα€™ိ တာေα€œး ေα€›းα€œုိα€€္ရပါα€α€š္။

ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏုိင္ငံ၏ α€œူα€™်ိဳးα€…ုα€™်ားထေα€›း α€…α€₯္းα€…ားၾကတဲ့ထခါα€™ွာရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္တြင္းα€€ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီα€œုိα‚” ရခုိင္α€™်ားကဆုိတဲ့ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ ဂ်ာ) ဆုိα€žူေတြα€›ဲα‚• ထေα€›းα€€α€œα€Š္း ျခြင္းခ်α€”္ထားα€œုိα‚”α€™α€›α€˜ူးဆုိတာ ၁၉၉၀-၉၁  ခုႏွα€…္ေα€œာα€€္α€€ α€™ာα€”α€š္ ပေα€œာ α€™ွာ ရခုိင္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္တစ္ဦးျα€–α€…္တဲ့ α€—α€Ÿုိတရားα€›ုံးေα€›ွα‚•ေα€”α‚€α€€ီး ခုိင္ေα€…ာထြα€”္းα€”ဲα‚” α€œူα€™်ိဳးα€…ုထေα€›း α€…α€€ားစပ္α€™ိေျပာဆုိ ေဆြးေႏြးα€™ိၾကတုα€”္းα€€α€α€Š္းα€€ ျမင္α€™ိခဲ့ပါα€α€š္။ တခ်ိα€”္တုံးα€€ေတာ့ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)ဆုိတာေα€€ာ α€žူတုိα‚”α€›ဲα‚•α€’ုα€€α‘α€žုကၑ ေα€€ာ၊ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာျα€•α€Š္α€žူ ထမ်ားα€…ုα€€ α€™α€žိၾက၊ (ထထူးα€žျဖင့္ ဦးေနဝင္းα€›ဲ႕ထေα€™ွာင္ခ်ေခတ္ α€™်ိဳးဆက္α€œူα€„α€š္α€™်ား α€€ ပုိ၍α€™α€žိၾက) မၾကားα€–ူးၾကပါα€˜ူး၊ α€žိαΎα€€α€žူα€‘α€”α€Š္းထက်α€₯္းတုိα‚”α€€α€œα€Š္း၊ α€žာα€™α€”္ထားျဖင့္ေတာ့ α€’ါ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္ တြင္းα€€ိα€…α₯၊ ရခုိင္ေတြα€žာ α€‘α€žိဆုံး၊ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žားေတြα€€α€˜ဲေျα€–α€›ွင္းα€›α€™ဲ့α€€ိα€…α₯ဆုိၿပီး α€–ာα€žိα€–ာα€žာေနၾကပါα€α€š္။ ထခုေတာ့ α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ိα€…α₯α€Ÿာ ႏိုင္ငံတကာα€™ီα€’ီα€šာေတြ၊ ႏိုင္ငံတကာထစုိးα€›ေတြ၊ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ α€œူ႔ထခြင့္ထေα€›း ထဖြဲα‚” ေတြ၊ ထဲα€”္ဂ်ီထုိေတြ၊ ထျပင္ α€€ုα€œα€žα€™α€‚ ထထိပါα€žိα€œာၾကပါα€α€š္။ α€™α€žိတာေတြ α€™α€žိα€žα€œုိေပ်ာα€€္ α€€ြα€š္α€™ α€žြားα€˜ဲ၊ α€žိα€œာတာα€€ုိα€€ α€žα€ိα€™ူα€žα€„့္ ထေα€œးထားα€žα€„့္ တဲ့ထခ်α€€္α€œုိ႔ဆုိα€›α€™ွာပါ။  

တဖက္α€™ွာေတာ့ α€žူတုိα‚”ေတြα€›ဲα‚• α€’ုα€€α‘α€žုကၑကုိ α€…ာα€”ာα€žူေတြ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ α€‘α€žုိင္းထဝုိင္း α€™ွာေα€€ာ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာα€œူα€™်ိဳး ထဲα€™ွာပါပုိ ပုိα€œာတာ ေတြα‚”ျမင္ေနရပါα€α€š္။ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žားေတြေတာင္α€™ွ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)တုိα‚”α€›ဲα‚• α€’ုကၑ α€žုကၑကုိ ထမ်ားα€”α€Š္းတူ α€…ာα€”ာα€™ွဳα€›ွိ ၾကပါα€α€š္α€œုိα‚”ေျပာရင္ α€œြα€”္α€›ာα€€်α€™α€š္မထင္ပါα€˜ူး။ တဖန္ α€’ီ(α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)ေတြα€Ÿာ ရခုိင္ေတြα€”ဲα‚” တေျမထဲေα€”၊ တေရထဲေα€žာα€€္၊ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္တုိးတက္ေα€›း၊ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္ထေα€›းα€€ုိထတူတကြေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္ αΎα€€α€›α€™α€š္α€œုိα‚” α€žေα€˜ာပုိα€€္ထားတဲ့ ရခုိင္ေခါင္းေဆာင္α€™်ားα€œα€Š္းထမ်ားထျပားα€›ွိၾကပါα€α€š္။ ရခိုင္ေတာ္α€œွα€”္ေα€›း ေခါင္းေဆာင္α‚€α€€ီး ခုိင္α€™ုိးα€œα€„္းα€›ဲ႕တပ္ထဲα€™ွာ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)ဆုိα€žူα€™်ားပါဝင္ခဲ့တာα€›ွိα€α€š္α€œုိ႔ဆုိα€α€š္၊ α€₯α€€ၠα€Œ ခုိင္α€™ုိးα€œα€„္း α€€်ဆုံးα€™ွဳα€”ဲ႔ထတူ α€žူတုိα‚”ေတြα€œα€Š္း ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္ထတြα€€္ α€‘α€žα€€္ေပးခဲ့တာေတြα€›ွိα€α€š္၊ ဦးေα€€်ာ္α€œွα€€ ထဲα€™္α€‘α€š္α€œ္ ထုိ ဆုိၿပီးေျပာင္းα€™α€–ြဲ႔ခင္၊ ေα€‘α€‘α€š္ထုိ (Arakan Liberation Organization)α€€ုိα€–ြဲα‚”α€α€š္။ ထဲα€’ီα€™ွာ ရခုိင္ α€—ုဒၼြα€˜ာα€žာေတြ α€”ဲα‚”ေပါင္းα€–ြဲα‚” ခဲ့တာα€œုိ႔ဆုိα€α€š္။
α€…α€…္ထစုိးα€›α€€ုိျα€–ဳတ္ခ်ၿပီးα€’ီα€™ုိα€€ေα€›α€…ီ α€–ြံ႔ၿဖိဳးတုိးတက္ေα€›း၊ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္ထေα€›း α€€ိα€…α₯ေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္ေα€›းေတြα€™ွာ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္ ထ တြင္းα€€ ထင္ထားα€…ုα€™်ားျဖင့္ α€…ုα€…α€Š္းေα€–αšေဆာင္α€›α€™α€š္α€œုိα‚” α€šူဆထားပုံရတဲ့ NUPA ထဖြဲα‚”α€€ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)ထဖြဲα‚”α€™်ားႏွင့္ α€™α€Ÿာα€™ိတ္α€–ြဲ႔ထား တာα€›ွိα€žα€œုိ၊ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)ဆုိတဲ့ α€”ာα€™α€š္α€€ တက႑ထား၊ α€žူတုိα‚”α€Ÿာ ႏွα€…္ေပါင္းα€›ာα€”ဲ႔ခ်ီၿပီး ရခုိင္ ျα€•α€Š္ထတြင္းα€™ွာ ထတူေα€”α€œာၾကတဲ့ α€žူေတြျα€–α€…္α€α€š္။ α€œူα€™်ိဳးမတူ၊ α€˜ာα€žာမတူတာα€€ ထေၾကာင္းα€™α€Ÿုတ္ ၿငိα€™္း ၿငိα€™္းခ်α€™္းခ်α€™္းα€›ွိα€–ုိα‚”α€€ ထဓိα€€α€œုိα‚” α€‘α€šူထဆရွိα€žူ α€α€žီးပုα€‚α€œ α€™်ားα€€α€œα€Š္ ထတူေနၾကဖုိ႔ဝန္α€™ေα€œးၾကပါα€˜ူးတဲ့။

α€€ဲ.. α€’ါဆုိရင္ ျပႆα€”ာα€€ α€˜ာတဲ့α€œဲ။ ေα€œ့α€œာαΎα€€α€Š့္ရတာα€€ေတာ့

α€’ုတိα€š ကမၻာα€…α€…္တုα€”္းα€€ ထဂၤα€œိပ္α€”ဲ႔ဂ်ပန္α€…α€…္ပြဲα€›ဲα‚• α€˜α€€္ႏွα€…္α€˜α€€္ရပ္α€α€Š္α€™ွဳထေα€•αšα€€ ျα€–α€…္ပြားခဲ့ရတဲ့ α€œူα€™်ိဳးေα€›း ပဋိပကၑ α€€ုိထေျချပဳၿပီး၊ α€œူα€™်ိဳးမတူ၊ α€€ုိးα€€ြα€š္တဲ့α€˜ာα€žာမတူတဲ့ α€œူα€™်ိဳးႏွα€…္α€™်ိဳးထၾကား ထဖုထထစ္ေတြα€€၊ ေα€žး α€œုိα€€္၊ α‚€α€€ီးα€œုိα€€္α€”ဲα‚”α€žံα€žα€šေတြα‚€α€€ီးထြားၿပီး ေပ်ာα€€္ကင္းေထာင္α€™α€€ုႏိုင္တဲ့ ေα€›ာဂါဆုိးα€œုိျα€–α€…္α€œာေနတာα€˜ဲျα€–α€…္ α€α€š္ ။
ေျပာရရင္ α€’ုတိα€š ကမၻာα€…α€…္α€™ွာ ထဂၤα€œိပ္α€˜α€€္α€€ုိ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)ဆုိα€žူေတြα€€ ရပ္α€α€Š္α€α€š္။ ဂ်ပန္ေတြα€€ုိ ရခုိင္ α€™်ားα€€α€€ူα€α€š္။ α€’ါα€”ဲα‚•α€œူα€™်ိဳးေα€›းထဓိα€€α€›ုα€”္းျα€–α€…္ခဲ့α€α€š္ α€œုိ႔ဆုိα€α€š္။ တခါ α€œြတ္α€œα€•္ေα€›းရခါα€”ီးေေတာ့၊ ( α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ ဂ်ာ)ဆုိα€žူ ထစြα€”္းေα€›ာα€€္ထဲα€€ တခ်ိဳα‚•α€€ α€™ူဂ်ာα€Ÿα€…္ဆုိၿပီး α€œα€€္α€”α€€္α€€ုိင္ေတာ္α€œွα€”္α€α€š္။ ထဲα€’ီတုα€”္းα€€ ထိႏၡိα€š ထဲα€€ေα€” ပါα€€α€…α₯တန္ႏိုင္ငံဆုိၿပီး ခြဲထြα€€္α€–ုိα‚”α‚€α€€ိဳးα€…ားတဲ့ထခါ α€™ြတ္α€…α€œα€„္ထမ်ားα€…ုα€›ွိတဲ့ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€”ဲα‚” α€”α€š္စပ္ျα€–α€…္ေနတဲ့ ထေα€›ွα‚• α€˜α€‚ၤα€œားα€”α€š္α€€ုိ ပါα€€α€…α₯ထဲα€‘α€Š့္α€–ုိα‚” α€…ီα€…α€₯္ေနတဲ့ထခ်ိα€”္ျα€–α€…္α€α€š္။ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€™ွတခ်ိဳα‚•α€œူα€™်ိဳးα€…ုေခါင္းေဆာင္ α€™်ားα€€α€œα€Š္း α€žီးျခားα€œြတ္α€œα€•္ေα€›းα€šူα€–ုိα‚” ေျပာဆုိေနၾကတဲ့ထခ်ိα€”္ျα€–α€…္α€α€š္။ α€™ူဂ်ာα€Ÿα€…္ေခါင္းေဆာင္တခ်ိဳα‚• α€€ α€œα€Š္း ထဲ α€’ါα€€ုိထားα€€်ၿပီး α€™ြတ္α€…α€œα€„္ျα€•α€Š္ထူေထာင္α€–ုိα‚” α€œုပ္ခဲ့ပုံα€›α€α€š္α€œုိ႔ဆုိα€α€š္။ ထဲα€’ါ α€’ုတိα€šα€€α€™α»ာα€…α€…္ ထ တြင္းα€€ ျα€–α€…္ခဲ့တဲ့ α€œူα€™်ိဳးေα€›းပဋိပကၑထရွိα€”္ α€™α€€ုα€”္ေα€žးα€œုိα‚” ထစြα€”္းေα€›ာα€€္တဲ့α€œူတစုα€›ဲα‚• ထစီထမံျα€–α€…္α€α€š္α€œုိ႔ဆုိ α€α€š္။ α€˜α€š္α€œုိα€˜ဲ ျα€–α€…္ျα€–α€…္ α€’ါα€€ α‚€α€€ီးα€™ားတဲ့ ထဖုထထစ္ျα€–α€…္ေစခဲ့α€α€š္။

α€œြတ္α€œα€•္ေα€›းရၿပီးတဲ့ထခါ ဦးႏုေခတ္α€™ွာေတာ့ α€—ုိα€œ္α€™ွဴးခ်ဳပ္ေထာင္α‚€α€€ီးα€€ α€™ူဂ်ာα€Ÿα€…္ α€œα€€္α€”α€€္α€€ုိင္α€€ိα€…α₯ α€žြား ေα€›ာα€€္ α€Šွိႏွိဳင္းေျα€–α€›ွင္းခဲ့α€α€š္။ α€’ီα€™ွာ α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ို α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီေα€αšα€ာ α€€ုိα€™α‚€α€€ိဳα€€္ေၾကာင္း၊ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီ α€™α€Ÿုတ္ ေၾကာင္း (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)α€œုိα‚”α€žာ ေα€αšα€–ုိ႔တင္ျα€•α€α€š္α€œုိ႔ဆုိα€α€š္။ α€’ီတင္ျပခ်α€€္ထရ α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ုိဦးႏု ထစုိးα€›α€€ α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ တုိင္းရင္းα€žားဆုိၿပီး တရားဝင္α€žα€္α€™ွတ္ေပးα€œုိα€€္ပုံရပါα€α€š္။ ဦးႏုထစုိးα€› ထေα€”α€”ဲα‚” α€œα€€္α€”α€€္α€€ုိင္ ေတာ္α€œွα€”္α€™ွဳ α€€ိα€…α₯ ရပ္တစ္ခုα€€ုိ ေျα€–α€›ွင္းα€œုိα€€္ႏုိင္ေပမဲ့၊ α€œူα€™်ိဳးေα€›း၊ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›း ထစြα€”္းေα€›ာα€€္တဲ့ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žား တခ်ိဳα‚•α€€ ေတာ့ α€žေα€˜ာα€™ေတြα‚”ႏိုင္α€™ွာထမွα€”္ပါ။
၁၉၆၁ ခုႏွα€…္α€€ုα€”္ေα€œာα€€္α€™ွာ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€”α€š္ေတာင္းတဲ့α€€ိα€…α₯ေα€•αšα€œာေတာ့ တခ်ိဳ႕ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žားေတြα€€ ခြဲထြα€€္ ခြင့္α€€ုိပါထေျခခံα€₯ပေα€’α€™ွာα€‘α€Š့္ေပးα€–ုိα‚”ေတာင္းဆုိαΎα€€α€α€š္။ α€’ီထေျခထေα€”α€™ွာ α€˜ူးα€žီးေတာင္၊ ေα€™ာင္းေတာေα€’α€ž  α€€ ေα€’α€žα€ံေတြ(ထထူးα€žျဖင့္ α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာေတြ) ႏွင့္ α€žံတြဲခရုိင္ ေα€’α€žα€ံα€™်ားα€€ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္ α€”α€š္ထဲα€€ုိ α€žူတုိα‚”ေα€’α€ž ေတြα€™α€‘α€Š့္α€˜ဲ၊ ျα€•α€Š္α€™ႏွင့္တြဲα€˜α€€္ထားေပးα€–ုိα‚” ေတာင္းဆုိခဲ့αΎα€€α€α€š္။ α€’ါα€€α€œα€Š္း (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) α€”ဲα‚” ရခုိင္တုိ႔ထၾကား α€›ွိေနတဲ့ ထဖုထထစ္ထတြα€€္ ေျα€™αΎα€žα€‡ာα€‘α€Š့္ ေα€›ေα€œာင္းေပးα€žα€œုိျα€–α€…္ခဲ့ပုံα€›α€α€š္။  ျα€•α€Š္α€”α€š္α€™်ားα€™α€–ြဲα‚”α€…α€Š္းα€™ွဳႏိုင္ ေα€žးခင္α€™ွာα€˜ဲ ဦးေနဝင္း ထာ ဏာα€žိα€™္း α€œုိα€€္ပါα€α€š္။

 α€¦းေနဝင္း ထာဏာα€žိα€™္းၿပီးα€žα€Š့္ေα€”ာα€€္ပုိင္းα€™ွာ ဝန္α‚€α€€ီးခ်ဳပ္ဦးα€”ဳႏွင့္ α€—ုိα€œ္α€™ွဴးခ်ဳပ္ေα€Ÿာင္း ဦးေထာင္α‚€α€€ီးတုိα‚” (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ ဂ်ာα€€ုိ α€‘α€žိထမွတ္ျပဳေα€›းေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္ေပးခဲ့αΎα€€α€žူα€™်ား) α€–α€™္းဆီးထိα€”္းα€žိα€™္းခံေα€”α€›α€…α€₯္၊ ၁၉၆၅ ခုႏွα€…္ေα€œာα€€္α€€ α€… ၿပီး α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ ဆုိတာα€€ုိ α€‘α€žိထမွတ္ျပဳထားျခင္းα€™ွ ဦးေနဝင္းα€€ α€›ုတ္α€žိα€™္းα€œုိα€€္ပါα€α€š္။ ဦးႏုေခတ္α€™ွာ ရခုိင္ ထမ်ိဳးα€žားα€™်ား ျα€•α€Š္α€”α€š္ေတာင္းα€…α€₯္α€€ ခြဲထြα€€္ခြင့္α€€ိုပါေတာင္တာα€€ုိ ဦးေနဝင္းα€€ α€žα€ိျပဳၿပီး၊ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žား α€™်ားα€€ုိ ႏွα€…္α€žိα€™့္α€–ုိα‚”α€œား၊ α€’ါα€™ွα€™α€Ÿုတ္ ရခုိင္ေခါင္းေဆာင္တခ်ိဳα‚•α€žုိα‚”α€™α€Ÿုတ္ ေα€’ါα€€္တာေထးေα€€်ာ္α€œုိ α€•α€Šာα€›ွင္α€€ ဦးေနဝင္းα€€ို ခ်α€₯္းကပ္ေတာင္းဆုိα€œုိα‚”α€œားေတာ့α€™α€žိပါ၊ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) α€€ုိတုိင္းရင္းα€žား ထျα€–α€…္α€€ α€›ုတ္α€žိα€™္းα€œုိα€€္ပါ α€α€š္။ ဦးေနဝင္းα€€ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žားေα€›းဝါα€’ီα€™်ားေα€€်နပ္ေထာင္၊ α€˜ူးα€žီးေတာင္၊ ေα€™ာင္းေတာၿမိဳα‚•α€”α€š္ႏွင့္၊ α€žံတြဲေα€’α€žα€™်ားပါဝင္ေα€žာ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€”α€š္α€€ုိα€œα€Š္းα€–ြဲα‚”α€…α€Š္းေပးα€œုိα€€္ပါα€α€š္၊ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žားα€™်ားထေα€”ႏွင့္ ျα€•α€Š္ α€”α€š္ေတာ့ α€›α€œုိα€€္ပါα€α€š္၊ α€’ါေပမဲ့ ဦးေနဝင္းα€žေα€˜ာα€€် ထုပ္ခ်ဳပ္တာပါ။
ဦးေနဝင္းေခတ္ ၂၆ ႏွα€…္α€œုံးα€œုံး တုိင္းျα€•α€Š္ထတြင္း ခ်α€™ွတ္ေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္α€žα€™ွ်ေα€žာ ေα€•αšα€œα€…ီα€™်ားα€Ÿာ α€˜ာတခုα€™ွ α€™ွα€”္α€™ွα€”္α€€α€”္α€€α€”္α€™α€›ွိခဲ့၊ ေထာင္ျမင္α€™ွဳα€™α€›ွိခဲ့ပါ။ α€•α€Šာေα€›းေα€•αšα€œα€…ီ၊ α€…ီးပြားေα€›းေα€•αšα€œα€…ီ၊ ေငြေၾကးဆုိင္α€›ာေα€•αšα€œα€…ီ၊ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းဆုိင္α€›ာေα€•αšα€œα€…ီ၊ α€˜ာα€™ွα€™α€™ွα€”္ခဲ့α€˜ူး။ α€’ီα€œုိα€˜ဲ α€œူα€™်ိဳးα€…ုေα€›းα€›ာေတြα€™ွာ α€€ုိင္တြα€š္ပုံα€€α€œα€Š္းα€™α€™ွα€”္ပါα€˜ူး။


 α€›α€ုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€€ိα€…α₯α€™ွာα€œα€Š္း ထဖုထထစ္α€™်ားα€”ဲα‚” ထက္ေၾကာင္းထင္ေနတဲ့ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žားေα€›း ထစြα€”္းေα€›ာα€€္α€žူα€™်ားα€”ဲα‚” (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)ဆုိα€žူထစြα€”္းေα€›ာα€€္တုိ႔ထၾကား α€€်ားα€€ြα€€္ေα€›ြα‚•ေနပါα€α€š္။  α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာဆန္α‚”α€€်င္α€žူ α€™်ားေα€€်နပ္ ေထာင္ α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာဆုိα€žူα€™်ားα€€ုိ ေα€™ာင္းထုတ္ျα€•α€œုိα€€္၊ ျပန္ေα€αšα€œုိα€€္α€”ဲα‚”  α€€ုα€œα€žα€™α€‚ α€’ုα€€α‘α€žα€Š္α€™်ား ျပန္α€œα€Š္ေα€”α€›ာ ခ်ထားေα€›း ထစီထစα€₯္α€€ α€œာတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံျခားေငြα€™်ားα€€ုိ ထထက္α€œα€Š္းထထက္α€‘α€œုိα€€္၊ ေထာα€€္α€€α€œα€Š္း ေထာα€€္ α€‘α€œုိα€€္ α€—ိုα€€္မဆန္α‚”၊ ထိတ္မဆန္α‚” ေα€œာα€€္ေထာင္α€‘α€Š့္αΎα€€α€α€š္α€œုိα‚” ခန္α‚”α€™ွα€”္းေျပာဆုိခဲ့ၾကပါα€α€š္။ ထရန္α€…္ပဲရင့္α€…ီ တုိα‚” ထေα€€ာင္တီα€˜ီα€œီတီတုိα‚” α€˜α€š္တုα€”္းα€€α€™ွ α€™α€›ွိခဲ့တာα€˜ဲ၊ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေငြα€€ α€žူတုိα‚”α€˜ဲ α€€ုိင္ခြင့္α€›ွိတာα€˜ဲ။ α€’ီၾကားထဲ ေငြα€šူα€œူα€žြင္းဆုိတာα€œα€Š္းα€›ွိပါα€α€š္α€œုိ႔ဆုိα€α€š္။ α€’ါα€€ုိ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žားα€™်ားေထာင့္α€žα€€္α€žα€€္α€”ဲ႔ခံေα€”α€›α€žα€œုိ၊ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) ဆုိα€žူα€™်ား ချα€™ာα€œα€Š္း ဇေα€€ာထဲ ေα€œာα€€္α€…α€œုံး α€‘α€Š့္α€œိα€™့္α€žα€œုိ α€‘α€œူးα€‘α€œဲခံေနရပါα€α€š္။
ဦးေနဝင္းေခတ္α€™ွာ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) ဆုိတာα€€ုိ α€›ုပ္α€žိα€™္းα€œုိα€€္ေတာ့ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) α€œα€€္α€”α€€္α€€ုိင္ေတြ ထပ္ေα€•αš α€œာပါα€α€š္။ α€’ီေတာ့ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) α€œα€€္α€”α€€္α€€ုိင္α€™်ားα€”ဲα‚” ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žား α€œα€€္α€”α€€္α€€ုိင္α€™်ားထၾကား ထပ္α€™ံေα€•αš α€œာတဲ့ α€”α€š္ေျα€™α€€ိα€…α₯၊ α€œα€€္α€”α€€္α€€ိα€…α₯ စတဲ့ပဋိပကၑ α€€ေα€œးေတြα€€α€œα€Š္း၊ ဆုိခဲ့တဲ့ ထဖုထထစ္α€™်ားα€€ုိ ထစုိင္ထခဲ ျα€–α€…္ ေα€…α€œာပါα€α€š္။

ေျပာရရင္ေတာ့ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žားα€™်ားα€€ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) ဆုိတာα€Ÿာ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီေတြ ပါα€œုိα‚” တြင္တြင္ေျပာေနပါα€α€š္။ α€žူတုိα‚”ေျပာတာ α€žα€˜ာဝက်α€α€š္α€œုိ႔ဆုိα€œုိ႔ရပါα€α€š္။ α€˜ာေၾကာင့္α€œα€Š္းဆုိေတာ့ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ)ဆုိα€žူေတြ ေျပာတဲ့ α€…α€€ားα€€ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီႏြα€š္တဲ့α€…α€€ား(α€’ုိင္α€šာα€œα€€္α€…α€€ား)၊ ေနထုိင္တဲ့ထရပ္α€€ α€˜α€‚ၤα€œာေα€’α€›ွ္α‚• α€”α€š္α€”ိα€™ိတ္α€”ဲα‚” α€”α€š္စပ္ ျα€–α€…္ေနတဲ့ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္ထေα€”ာα€€္α€˜α€€္ျခမ္းα€™ွာ။ α€˜α€‚ၤα€œာေα€’α€›ွ္α‚• ဆုိတာα€€ α€…α€…္တေα€€ာင္း ေတာင္တန္းပါဝင္တဲ့ တခ်ိα€”္ကထေα€›ွα‚•α€˜ေဂၤါα€œ္ျα€•α€Š္ပါ။ ထေα€”ာα€€္α€˜ေဂၤါα€œ္ျα€•α€Š္α€€ α€œα€€္α€›ွိထိႏၡိα€šႏိုင္ငံထဲα€™ွာပါ။ ထေα€›ွα‚• α€˜ေဂၤါα€œ္ ေα€€ာ ထေα€”ာα€€္α€˜ေဂၤါα€œ္ေα€€ာ ထဓိကထားျဖင့္ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီα€œူα€™်ိဳးထမ်ားα€…ုေနထုိင္ၾကတာပါ။ α€…α€€ားထား ျဖင့္α€€ ေတာ့ α€’ုိင္α€šာα€œα€€္ခြဲေတြထမ်ားα‚€α€€ီးပါ။ α€˜ာα€žာα€€ေတာ့ ထေα€›ွα‚•α€˜ေဂၤါα€œ္(α€˜α€‚ၤα€œာေα€’α€›ွ္)α€€ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီ α€™ြတ္α€…α€œα€„္ α€™်ားα€α€š္၊ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီα€—ုဒၼြα€˜ာα€žာ၊ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီα€Ÿိႏၡဴ α€”ဲα‚• α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီ ခရစ္α€šာα€”္ေတြα€œα€Š္းα€›ွိပါα€α€š္။ ထေα€”ာα€€္ α€˜ေဂၤါα€œ္ ျα€•α€Š္α€”α€š္α€™ွာေတာ့ α€Ÿိႏၡဴα€”ဲα‚” α€—ုဒၼြα€˜ာα€žာα€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီα€€ ပုိα€™်ားပါα€α€š္။ α€žα€™ုိင္းေၾကာင္းထရ α€…α€…္တေα€€ာင္းေတာင္ တန္းေα€’α€žα€‘α€•ါထဝင္ α€˜ေဂၤါα€œ္ ၁၂ ၿမိဳα‚•α€€ုိ ရခုိင္α€˜ုရင္α€™်ား α€”ဲα‚” α€˜α€‚ၤα€œားα€˜ုရင္α€™်ား α€˜α€ျပန္α€€်ားတျပန္ မင္းα€œုပ္ ထုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခဲ႔ၾကတာ ထထင္ထရွားα€›ွိပါα€α€š္။ ရခုိင္ေတြα€€ α€—α€™ာျα€•α€Š္α€€ုိα€œာ ေα€›ာα€€္ထုပ္ခ်ဳပ္တဲ့ ထႀကိα€™္ေα€› α€›ွားေပမဲ့ α€…α€…္တေα€€ာင္းျα€•α€Š္α€€ုိ α€žြားထုပ္ခ်ဳပ္တဲ့ ထႀကိα€™္ေα€›α€€α€™်ားပုံရပါα€α€š္။ ရခုိင္α€˜ုရင္α€™်ားα€Ÿာ α€™ြတ္α€…α€œα€„္α€˜ြဲα‚•α€‘α€™α€Š္ ခံα€šူထုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခဲ့တာေတြα€œα€Š္း ရခုိင္α€žα€™ုိင္းα€™ွာα€›ွိပါခဲ့ပါα€α€š္။ α€žα€™ုိင္း ေၾကာင္းα€‘α€›α€€α€œα€Š္း ဆက္စပ္α€™ွဳα€›ွိေα€”α€α€š္။ α€”α€š္စပ္α€œα€Š္းျα€–α€…္ေα€”α€α€š္ဆုိရင္ α€œူα€™်ိဳးတစ္α€™်ိဳးα€Ÿာ α€Ÿုိα€˜α€€္α€’ီ α€˜α€€္ႏွα€…္ႏိုင္ငံ ခြα€›ွိေနတတ္တာα€€ေတာ့ α€žα€˜ာဝ ေတာ့α€€်ပါα€α€š္။

ခ်င္းα€œူα€™်ိဳးေတြ α€”α€š္ေျမဆက္စပ္ေနတဲ့ ထိႏၡိα€šႏိုင္ငံတြင္းα€™ွာေα€€ာ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံထတြင္းα€™ွာပါα€žα€€္ဆုိင္α€›ာႏိုင္ငံ၏ တုိင္းရင္းα€žားေတြထျα€–α€…္ α€›ွိေα€”α€α€š္ဆုိရင္၊ ကခ်င္α€œူα€™်ိဳးေတြ၊ α€α€œူα€™်ိဳးေတြ တရုပ္ျα€•α€Š္ထဲα€™ွာေα€€ာ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံထဲ α€™ွာပါ α€žα€€္ဆုိင္α€›ာႏိုင္ငံ၏ တုိင္းရင္းα€žားေတြထျα€–α€…္α€›ွိေα€”α€α€š္ဆုိရင္၊ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီဆုိတာ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€”α€š္ထဲα€™ွာေα€€ာ α€˜α€‚ၤα€œာေα€’α€›ွ္႕ထဲα€™ွာေα€€ာ α€žα€€္ဆုိင္α€›ာႏိုင္ငံ၏ တုိင္းရင္းα€žားေတြျα€–α€…္α€α€š္ဆုိတာα€€ုိ ျငင္းရင္ေα€€ာ α€œα€€္ေတြα‚” α€€် α€™α€œား၊ α€žα€˜ာဝက်α€™α€œားဆုိတာ α€…α€₯္းα€…ားα€˜ြα€š္α€›ာျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။  

α€œူα€™်ိဳးတမ်ိဳးα€Ÿာ α€žူတုိα‚”α€œူα€™်ိဳးထားα€œုံးα€žေα€˜ာတူၿပီး α€œူα€™်ိဳးα€‘α€™α€Š္α€€ို ေျပာင္းα€œဲα€žုံးα€…ြဲေα€αšေα€αšα€™α€š္ဆုိရင္ α€žူတုိα‚” ထခြင့္ထေα€›းα€˜ဲ၊ ေα€αšေα€αšα€ြင့္α€›ွိα€™α€š္ထင္ပါα€α€š္။
 α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ တဖက္α€€ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီα€™်ားα€”ဲα‚” ေျပာα€…α€€ား α€’ုိင္α€šာα€œα€€္ မတူတဲ့ထတြα€€္ α€Ÿုိα€˜α€€္α€€ α€œူα€™်ားα€”ဲα‚” α€žီးျခားျα€–α€…္ ခ်င္ α€œုိα‚” α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ိုα€š္ α€žူတုိα‚” (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) α€œုိα‚”ေျပာင္းα€œဲ ေα€αšေα€…α€œုိတဲ့α€žေα€˜ာျα€–α€…္α€™α€š္α€œုိα‚”α€šူဆရပါα€α€š္။ α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ ပုိα€‘α€žိဆုံးျα€–α€…္α€™ွာပါ။ ေα€”ာα€€္တခုα€€ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီα€œုိα‚”α€žα€္α€™ွတ္α€œုိα€€္ရင္ α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ုိ ႏိုင္ငံျခားα€žားတံဆိပ္ကပ္ ၿပီးတြα€”္းပုိα‚”α€™ွာ α€…ုိးα€›ိα€™္ပုံရပါα€α€š္။ α€œြα€”္ခဲ့တဲ့ ႏွα€…္ႏွα€…္ေα€œာα€€္α€€ (α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) ဆုိα€žူα€•α€Šာတတ္α€œူα€„α€š္ တစ္ေα€šာα€€္ α€…α€€ားေျပာαΎα€€α€Š့္တုံးα€€၊ ..ခင္α€—်ားတုိα‚”α€€ ရခုိင္ထမ်ိဳးα€žားေတြα€”ဲα‚”α€”ီးα€”ီးစပ္စပ္ ရင္းရင္းႏွီးႏွီး ေα€”α€–ုိα‚”α€œုိတာေပါ့…α€œုိα‚” α€€်ေα€”ာ္ေျပာေတာ့၊… α€’ီα€œူα€„α€š္ျပန္ေျပာတာα€€ …α€€်ေα€”ာ္တုိα‚”α€€ ေနခ်င္ပါα€α€š္..ေα€”α€α€š္… α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ α€€်ေα€”ာ္တုိα‚” α€€ုိ တခါα€α€Š္းထမ်ိဳးပါျပဳတ္ေထာင္ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီα€€ုα€œား၊ ႏိုင္ငံျခားα€žားဆုိၿပီး ေα€™ာင္းထုတ္ေα€”α€α€š္ေα€œ…α€—α€™ာα€€ုိေα€αš α€α€š္၊ α€—α€™ာα€…α€…္တပ္α€€ုိေα€αšα€α€š္၊ α€€်ေα€”ာ္တုိα‚”α€€ုိ ေα€™ာင္းထုတ္α€α€š္။ α€€်ေα€”ာ္တုိα‚”α€€ α€’ုကၑေတာ့ေα€›ာα€€္α€α€š္ေα€œ… α€’ါေပမဲ့ α€™ျပဳတ္α€˜ူး.. α€žူတုိα‚”α€€ α€’ုကၑမေα€›ာα€€္α€˜ူး… တျα€–α€Š္းျα€–α€Š္းα€€ုα€”္α€œာၿပီ..တဲ့။ ထင္း…α€…α€₯္းα€…ားα€…α€›ာေတာ့ ေα€€ာင္းα€žား။
၉၂ ခုႏွα€…္ေα€œာα€€္ကထင္ပါα€α€š္၊ ခ်င္းα€™ုိင္α€™ွာ α€œူထခြင့္ထေα€›းα€žα€„္တန္းတစ္ခုα€™ွာ ဆရာဦးတင့္ေဇာ္α€€ α€˜ာα€žာျပန္α€œုပ္ေပးေနတုα€”္း α€žူα€”ဲα‚” α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ α€€ိα€…α₯ေα€™းျα€™α€”္αΎα€€α€Š့္ျα€–α€…္α€α€š္။ ဦးတင့္ေဇာ္ α€›ွင္းျပတာα€€ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€™ွာ ေα€›ွး ထစα€₯္ထဆက္α€€α€α€Š္းα€€ α€™ြတ္α€…α€œα€„္ေတြ ထတူတကြ ေနထုိင္α€œာခဲ့α€α€š္ဆုိတာ ျငင္းα€˜ြα€š္α€™α€›ွိပါα€˜ူး။ α€’ါေပမဲ့ α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာဆုိတာ α€™α€›ွိခဲ့α€˜ူး။ ေα€›ွးα€€ α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာဆုိတာα€™α€›ွိα€˜ူး၊ α€œူဦးေα€›α€€α€œα€Š္း α€›ွိα€žα€„့္α€α€š္ထင္တာထက္ α€™်ားေα€”α€α€š္α€œုိ႔ဆုိα€α€š္။ တခ်ိဳα‚•α€€ေတာ့ αα‰α‡αˆ ခုႏွα€…္ နဂါးမင္းα€…α€…္ဆင္ေα€›းတုα€”္းα€€ ထြα€€္α€žြားတာထက္ ျပန္α€œα€€္ခံα€œုိα€€္ရတာα€€ ပုိα€™်ားα€α€š္α€œုိ႔ဆုိα€α€š္။ α€€ုိα€š့္ဆီα€€α€™α€Ÿုတ္ရင္ ျငင္းခြင့္α€›ွိတာα€˜ဲ (α€™်ားα€™်ားα€œα€€္ခံေα€œ α€€ုα€œα€žα€™α€‚ α€’ုα€€α‘α€žα€Š္ ျပန္α€œα€€္ခံေα€›း ထစီထစα€₯္ထရေပးတဲ့ေα€’αšα€œာ ေငြပုိα€›ေα€œေα€œ ေၾကာင့္α€™်ားα€œားα€™α€žိပါ။)


(α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ) α€›ွိျခင္း၊ α€™α€›ွိျခင္း α€œα€€္ခံျခင္း၊ မခံျခင္း ထျငင္းပြားα€€ိα€…α₯α€€ုိ α€€်ေα€”ာ္ထေα€”α€”ဲα‚” ေထာα€€္ခံျခင္း၊ α€€α€”္α‚”α€€ြα€€္ ျခင္း α€™α€œုပ္ခဲ့ပါ။ ထခုα€œα€Š္းα€œုပ္α€™α€Š္α€™α€Ÿုတ္ပါ။ α€˜ာ့ေၾကာင့္ α€œဲဆုိေတာ့ ေα€›ွα‚•ေα€”α‚€α€€ီး ခုိင္ေα€…ာထြα€”္း α€›ဲα‚•α€…α€€ား α€‘α€žြားα€‘α€œာ α€€ုိα€žα€ိျပဳα€™ိၿပီးα€žα€€ာα€œ α€’ီα€œူα€™်ိဳးα€…ုႏွα€…္α€…ု(ရခုိင္ႏွင့္α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာဆုိα€žူတုိα‚”) တခ်ိα€”္ခ်ိα€”္α€™ွာ α€”ားα€œα€Š္α€™ွဳα€› ေျα€•α€œα€Š္α€žြားခဲ့ၾကရင္ ၾကားထဲα€€α€€်ေα€”ာ္α€™်ားတုိα‚” ငေပါα‚€α€€ီး ျα€–α€…္α€€်α€”္ခဲ့α€™ွာα€…ုိးတာေၾကာင့္၊ ၿပီးေတာ့ ေα€›ွα‚•α€™်α€€္ႏွာ ေα€”ာα€€္ထားၿပီးα€€်ေα€”ာ္ ေထာα€€္ခံα€™ိ(α€žုိα‚”α€™α€Ÿုတ္)α€™ေထာα€€္ခံα€™ိတာ α€™ွားပါα€α€š္α€œုိα‚” α€…ိတ္တြင္းα€€ေα€žာ္ α€œα€Š္း ေα€€ာင္း၊ ထျပင္ပန္းထားျဖင့္ေα€žာ္α€œα€Š္းေα€€ာင္း ေတာင္းပန္α€›α€™ဲ့α€‘α€œုပ္α€™်ိဳးα€™α€œုပ္ျခင္တာေၾကာင့္α€œုိ႔ပါ။ α€’ါ့ထျပင္ ေα€€ာင္းေα€žာထႀကံျပဳျခင္းထားျဖင့္ ထားα€œုံးႏွင့္ ထာဝရမိတ္ေဆြ α€Šီေα€”ာင္α€™်ားထျα€–α€…္α€žာေα€”α€œုိ၍ျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။

α€’ါေၾကာင့္ α€’ီα€œုိထႀကံျပဳα€œုိα€€္ရပါα€α€š္။ ထထက္တြင္ ဆုိခဲ့α€žα€Š့္ ထဖုထထစ္ေတြေα€›ာဂါα‚€α€€ီး ေပ်ာα€€္ကင္းα€–ုိα‚” ဆုိရင္ α€œα€€္α€›ွိα€žြားေနတဲ့α€”α€Š္းα€œα€™္းα€€ ႏိုင္ငံေα€›းα€‘α€žျပာဆရာဝန္α€€ုိ ထားထားα€€ုေα€”α€žα€œုိျα€–α€…္ေα€”α€α€š္။ ေပ်ာα€€္ေတာ့ေပ်ာα€€္α€™α€š္။ ေα€›ာဂါေα€›ာ α€œူα€”ာေα€›ာ တပါα€α€Š္းပါ။ α€’ါေၾကာင့္ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€Šီေα€”ာင္ထေα€”ျဖင့္ ေα€™ာင္ႏွα€…္α€™α€™်ား ထခ်င္းခ်င္းထတြင္း  α€€ိα€”္းေထာင္းေနတဲ့ α€œူα€™်ိဳးေα€›း၊ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›း ထစြဲα€‘α€œα€™္းေတြ၊ ထာဃာတ ေတြ၊ α€žံα€žα€šေတြ၊ α€…ုိးα€›ိα€™္α€…ိတ္ေတြα€€ုိေα€˜းα€–α€š္ထုတ္ၿပီး ထရင္းထျα€™α€…္ α€€ုိ ဓမၼဒိα€Œာα€”္α€€်α€€် α€…α€₯္းα€…ားထေျα€–α€›ွာပါα€™ွ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€žူတရပ္α€œုံး ၿငိα€™္းခ်α€™္းα€žာα€šာေα€›း၊ တုိးတက္ေα€›းα€™်ားα€€ုိ α€œုပ္ငန္းα€€ုိ ထားα€žြα€”္ေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္ႏိုင္αΎα€€α€™α€Š္ α€žာျα€–α€…္ပါေၾကာင္း၊ ဆက္α€œα€€္၍ α€’ီα€€ိα€…α₯α€€ုိα€…ိတ္ဝင္α€…ား ေဆြးေႏြးေα€”α€žူα€™်ားထေα€”ျဖင့္α€œα€Š္း၊ ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€žူ α€Šီ ထစ္α€€ုိေα€™ာင္ႏွα€…္α€™α€™်ား α€…ုα€…α€Š္းα€Šီα€Šြတ္α€œွ်α€€္၊ တုိးတက္α€–ြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေα€žာေα€’α€žα€žူ ေα€’α€žα€žားα€™်ားထျα€–α€…္ေα€›ာα€€္ၾကရ ေα€œေထာင္ ထျပဳα€žေα€˜ာျဖင့္ ထေα€œးထနက္ထား α€…α€₯္းα€…ားေဆြးေႏြးေပး α€žα€„့္ပါေၾကာင္းတုိα€€္တြα€”္းα€œုိα€€္ရပါ α€α€š္။

ဝင္းေα€™ာင္ (α€Ÿဲα€Ÿုိးα€žား)
၁၁ α€›α€€္၊ α€…α€€္တင္α€˜ာα€œ၊ ၂၀၁၁ ခုႏွα€…္။
By David Henry Poveter >>>

The new nominally elected government of Myanmar has made recent headlines by freeing and trying to accommodate previously jailed opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi. President Thein Sein's government is clearly trying to legitimize his "democratic" regime by showing to its people and international observers that he is willing to work with the pro-democracy leader and trying to ameliorate the country's reputation as a serial violator of human rights. 

Although these changes are recent and might be another facade of openness to gain international support for its new government, there is great potential for Myanmar to actually move toward its own style of democracy. Indeed, if Myanmar continues its transformation and normalizes its behavior enough to be recognized as the sole legitimate authority in the country, it could actually one day become a "real" democracy. 

After the international outcry of the "Depaying massacre" in 2003, when a group of thugs attacked Suu Kyi's convoy and killed many of her supporters, Myanmar's military government revealed its "seven step roadmap" toward democracy, which was meant to serve as a transitional guideline from military to civilian rule. 

The roadmap outlined seven stages, namely: 
1. The establishment of a National Convention to draft a new constitution. 
2. Proposal of steps needed to establish a democracy after the National Convention was concluded.
3. Drafting of a constitution based on the principles laid down by the National Convention.
4. A national referendum to approve the new charter.
5. Election of a democratically representative government.
6. Convention of parliament.
7. Building of a modern, developed and democratic nation by the newly elected parliamentarians. 

After the 2008 constitutional referendum, stage-managed general elections were held in November last year. The military backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) won 883 (or 76.5%) of the 1,154 seats at stake. This majority, combined with the 25% of the seats reserved for the military as stipulated by the 2008 constitution, means that the military's USDP dominates the newly convened parliament, known as the Hluttaw, and has the numbers to unilaterally amend the constitution. All that is left is the seventh and arguably most difficult step, to build a modern, democratic nation. 

With six of the seven steps now accomplished, it is important to elaborate on a few points. Firstly, the 2008 constitution establishes a set of new institutions, including a parliamentary elected president, a bicameral parliament, and 14 regional governments. It also calls for regular elections and the presence of several political parties to contest them. In theory, at least, the interplay of these institutions differs substantially from the previous centralized military regime. Since these institutions are still very much new, it will be interesting to see how the new balance of power is established. 

Secondly, the government has shown certain signs of reconciliation. A week after the November 2010 elections, the junta released pro-democracy leader Suu Kyi after having detained her for 15 of the past 21 years. Furthermore, Kim Aris, one of Suu Kyi's sons who lives in the United Kingdom, was issued a visa allowing him to visit his mother for the first time in over a decade. In May 2011, Thein Sein's government freed 14,600 prisoners, among them a small number of political detainees. (Rights groups estimate there are still over 2,100 political prisoners being held in Myanmar.) 

Moreover, in July, Suu Kyi was allowed to visit the ancient city of Bagan on a private pilgrimage. A month later, she made her first political trip outside Yangon to Bago, about 80 kilometers north of the old capital. During her trip, she delivered a speech to more than 600 people in which she proclaimed cooperation with Myanmar's government by stating that "unity is strength, unity is needed everywhere and it is needed especially in our country". A week later, Suu Kyi met for the first time with President Thein Sein in Naypyidaw, the new capital. 

Seeing Suu Kyi free and travelling around the country is an image that seemed unfathomable only a year ago, when she was still under house arrest. But even if these changes are only a facade and the new opening is quickly closed, for now it appears that Myanmar's new government has broken somewhat from the previous junta's iron-fisted approach. 

These gestures have established a new platform from which democratic changes could become a reality and democratic ideologies could grow. Morten Pedersen, a research fellow at the Center for International Governance & Justice in Australia, argues that "formal institutions, once established, have a tendency to change the interest of the people involved, to become new power centers, and ultimately become 'real'." Taking that analysis forward, the newly established institutions combined with a more reconciliation-minded government is moving towards a unique, Myanmar-style of democracy. 

At the same time, the government is looking outward and trying to legitimize its regime to the international community. In this direction, the government has expressed its desire to take up the chairmanship of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2014, a prestigious position that would bolster the country's credibility not just among regional neighbors but also the wider international community as well. 

Now that its political party has been nominally elected, the previous junta is bidding to normalize its behavior in regard to both internal and external issues. Even if these changes prove more cosmetic than substantive, the fact that Suu Kyi has been liberated, that her son has been allowed to visit her, and that she is holding political meetings means for now change is in the air. 

If Myanmar's "democratic developments" continue to gain international credibility and legitimacy, then the positive momentum could eventually push the country towards genuine democracy. If Myanmar manages to establish a democracy that can bring peace and stability within its own borders, the governments of the world will have no other choice but to recognize and accept Myanmar's unique roadmap toward democracy. 

David Henry Poveter, a pseudonym, is an independent strategic analyst based in Shanghai.

Credit : Asia Times


Remarks
Michael H. Posner
   Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Suzan Johnson Cook
   Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom 
Washington, DC
September 13, 2011




ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: Thank you. Good morning, everybody. As you know, the State Department is mandated by law to produce this report each year. The Secretary of State also designates Countries of Particular Concern, countries whose governments have, and I quote the statute, “engaged in or tolerated particularly severe violations of religious freedom.” Secretary Clinton has designated eight states as Countries of Particular Concern. They are: Burma, China, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Uzbekistan. All of these countries have been long-term, chronic, and egregious violators of religious freedom. The report documents in full detail the violations that have prompted these designations.

In Burma, for example, hundreds of Buddhist monks are still in prison, and the government refuses to recognize that the Rohingya, a Muslim ethnic minority, are Burmese citizens.
In China, the government’s overall level of respect for religious freedom declined in 2010 and has worsened this year. The repression of Tibetan Buddhists and Uighur Muslims continues.

In Iran, members of the Baha’i are arrested, expelled from university, and their leaders languish in prison.
Saudi Arabia prohibits the public practice of any religion other than Islam, and the government discriminates against the Shia minority.
And in Uzbekistan, it’s illegal to proselytize; and it’s dangerous for a Muslim even to discuss religious issues outside of a state-sanctioned mosque.

These and many other violations in the eight Countries of Particular Concern are spelled out in great detail in the reports. But I want to emphasize that the list is by no means the only measure of serious violations of religious freedom. In a significant number of other countries, we are also closely monitoring official repression of religious minorities or official indifference to their plight, and urging governments to uphold their affirmative obligations to protect religious freedom. Let me mention a few.

We are deeply concerned about the fate of Christians in Syria. Many of these people have been victimized twice: they fled the violence in Iraq and now many are seeking to flee Syria. The government has created a climate of instability and violence in which the human rights of thousands are being violated on a daily basis.
In Pakistan, the government has not reformed a blasphemy law that has been used to prosecute religious minorities and, in some cases, Muslims who promote tolerance or to settle personal vendettas. This year, there have also been several assassinations of those who called for reform of the blasphemy laws, including the Punjab Governor Salman Taseer and Shahbaz Bhatti, the minister for minorities, whom Secretary Clinton and I met in February before he was killed.

The Government of Pakistan has taken steps to address these rising concerns. For example, in March, Shahbaz Bhatti’s brother, Paul, was appointed a special advisor on religious minorities to the prime minister. In July, the government also created a ministry of national harmony, which will have oversight for protecting religious minorities at a national level. And in August, President Zardari celebrated National Minorities Day and committed his government to support protection of minority religious rights.
We will continue to engage with the Government of Pakistan to address these issues, to promote tolerance, and to improve religious freedom.
In Iraq, religious minorities and Shia pilgrims have been the targets of devastating attacks since 2003. Last October, more than 50 worshipers were killed in an attack on Our Lady of Salvation Catholic Church in Baghdad. We welcome the fact that the Government of Iraq has tried and convicted the perpetrators of that attack, but the tragic massacre of the Shia pilgrims that Secretary Clinton mentioned that came to light yesterday indicates that there is more work to be done.
In Vietnam, the record is mixed. While the government has allowed hundreds of new places of worship to be built, significant problems remain, especially at the provincial and village levels. These include slow or no approval of registration for some groups, especially in the north and northwest highlands. There are also reports of harsh treatment of detainees after the protest over the closing of a Catholic cemetery in Con Dau Parish. And the government re-imprisoned Father Nguyen Van Ly, a Catholic human rights defender who has been paroled 16 months earlier after suffering a series of strokes while in prison.
In Egypt, tensions between Christians and Muslims continue. For example, in January, a bomb at the Church of Two Saints in Alexandria killed 22 people. After the fall of the Mubarak government in February, soldiers fired on unarmed Copts at the Saint Bishoy Monastery, wounding six. And in May, clashes between Muslims and Christians in Imbaba left 15 dead, 232 injured.
In response to the Imbaba clashes, military leader Marshall Tantawi issued a strongly worded public condemnation of sectarian attacks, and 48 suspects have been referred for trial. Prime Minister Sharaf has ordered 17 churches be allowed to reopen across Egypt.
We will continue to call on the government to pass a unified law which would set one single, unified standard for building houses of worship that would apply both to Christians and Muslims. And we stand ready to support political, religious, and civic leaders in Egypt as they work to build a new society where democracy and religious tolerance can flourish.
In these and other places, we will continue to review and assess the state of religious freedom, and we are prepared to designate other countries as Countries of Particular Concern as the situation warrants.
Finally, I would urge leaders of all these nations and civil society groups as well to use this report as a resource to help identify and address violations of religious freedom. We stand ready to help.
Now it’s my pleasure to introduce Suzan Johnson Cook, who is the ambassador-at-large for International Religious Freedom.
AMBASSADOR COOK: Thank you, Mike. And good morning. It is a privilege to be with all of you today as we release this important report. I was sworn in on May 16th after a long haul to get here, but it was worth the wait. Throughout my career, I’ve had the privilege and opportunity to work with people of different faiths to bring them together to achieve common goals. It is my belief that in order to live peacefully side by side, we cannot allow violence based on religion to continue under any circumstances.
In my first months in the Office of International Religious Freedom, I’ve met with inter-faith leaders from Switzerland, Turkey, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, OIC. And I’m working with my colleagues in the U.S. Government and the religious community to address systemic challenges to religious intolerance.
As the Secretary said in her remarks last week, too many countries in the world today do not allow people to exercise their religious freedom, or they make it difficult or dangerous to do so. So as hard as it may be, we need to get up every day and keep trying to make a difference. The International Religious Freedom Report we’re releasing today is one way to do that. It shines a spotlight on this fundamental human rights issue and guides our policy making. The report is the work of my dedicated and talented staff in the International Religious Freedom Office who have put in long hours, as have all our missions overseas and others here in Washington, to verify that this report is comprehensive, accurate, and fair.
I would also like to thank the hundreds of activists and academics who regularly provide us with reporting and analysis, sometimes at great personal risk.
This year, we are publishing the report on our website, www.humanrights.gov. Humanrights.gov is now the one-step location for all our human rights reporting, and we’re updating it every day with other State Department statements, speeches, and materials.
This report covers every country, every faith, and myriad forms of harassment, persecution, and abuse on the basis of religion. We hope it will prompt other countries to redouble their efforts to create an environment where citizens can freely follow their faith or profess no faith, according to their own conscience.
In some cases we spotlight government violations of the right to religious freedom, and in other cases we call out governments that are not doing enough to stop violence by some citizens against others. Sadly, the list is long. So I urge all of you to read the Executive Summary, where we have distilled in just a few pages the state of religious freedom in 2010. Obviously, a great deal has happened since the end of 2010, including the upheaval in the Middle East and an uptick in sectarian violence there. So we’ve included a summary of key developments around the world in 2011.
We also used shoe leather diplomacy, where at the State Department, we call engagement. It’s going to countries and talking to government officials, religious leaders, educators, human rights activists, journalists, young people, and others about how to combat hatred and religious persecution. So I’m going to be hitting the road in the fall. I hope to visit a number of countries that face challenges in protecting religious freedom, including Afghanistan, China, Egypt, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia.
And the third way we make a difference is by spotlighting examples of where things are going right. So I also plan to travel to countries that are doing the hard work of resolving religious animosities and taking practical steps to guarantee religious freedom to all their citizens. In July, I went with Secretary Clinton to Istanbul for a meeting on combating religious intolerance. As the lead U.S. coordinator for the implementation of the UN Human Rights Council Resolution 1618, which she referred to this morning, I’m eager to work with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and others, other partners to discuss best practices and exchange ideas on how to best protect freedom of religion.
I will convene a meeting of experts later this year, with participants from around the world and from a wide variety of faiths and religions. We’ll talk about how to counter offensive expression through education, interfaith dialogue, and public debate and how to prohibit discrimination, profiling, and hate crimes. And we will share ways of combating hate without compromising the universal right to free expression, because everyone must have the right to believe as well as the right to manifest their belief.
So I want to thank you for coming this morning, and Assistant Secretary Posner and I will be happy to take your questions. Thank you.
MR. TONER: Any questions? Go ahead.
QUESTION: Thank you. I have two questions regarding China. The first is, according to CECC, the Congressional and Executive Commission on China – according to their reports, Beijing had launched a new round of a campaign since the year 2010 to year 2012 that says calling for increased transformation of Falun Gong practitioners. So I’m wondering if you have been aware of this persecution, this continued persecution?
And the second question is: Recently, China is trying to amend their criminal procedure law, and if this is adopted, it would expand the police power and it may authorize the forced disappearance. So what’s your comments on that?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: Sure. Let me just put those two questions in a slightly broader context. We’ve said repeatedly that we have concerns about what really has been a deteriorating human rights situation, especially since February of this year. I was in China in April for the human rights dialogue. We raised a number of these issues publicly. And the specific question you raised with the Falun Gong is part of a broader pattern. We have concerns about the treatment of those who are in unregistered churches, so-called house churches – the Shouwang Church, for example, in Beijing, where beginning around Easter time people were not allowed to gather, and a number of the leaders of that church were put in prison. We have concerns about the Uighur community and the restrictions on Muslim religion. We have concerns about the Tibetan community, the Kirti Monastery, where 300 monks were taken from the monastery and detained.
So there is a broader pattern of religious and other persecution that’s part of a broader human rights problem. I also would call out the case of Gao Zhisheng, a lawyer who has represented religious communities and who’s been missing since April of 2010.
QUESTION: Follow-up?
MR. TONER: Yeah. Go ahead.
QUESTION: Two questions, one just to follow on China. As far as religious freedom in China, you say you’ve been visiting China and meeting officials and all that. One, what answer to you get from them as far as their – not their belief or not believe, but how they prosecute people because of their faith, especially people from Tibetans and Buddhists are still in jails and we don’t know – you may not know how many of them. And every day they go to jail because of their belief in God or what they worship. So what do you hear from them year after a year? This report comes and you meet and greet here and there and all that.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: Well, I take the view – first of all, we will continue to raise these issues in China and elsewhere because they’re universal norms, they apply to every country in the world, and there is an obligation of every government to respect those norms. We have continuous discussions as part of a broader engagement with China, but these issues are an important part of that dialogue.
And I can’t tell you that every time I’ve had a conversation, we’ve agreed or had satisfying results, but I do believe that raising these issues both publicly and privately serves a number of purposes. It provides assurance to people in the country that we’re paying attention; we know what’s going on. It reinforces their commitment to move – to continue working. And in some cases, we have been able to get results like releases or better conditions. We’ll continue to press, even if some of the discussions are difficult.
QUESTION: My other question is on overall religious freedom. Let’s say – I’ve been going through this report and also what you said and Secretary said, as far as in Pakistan and also Saudi Arabia. And including in the U.S. or in Saudi Arabia or in Pakistan, if you go in the mosques, the teachings are not about their religion. Their teachings is basically hatred against other religions in the mosques. And also, in Pakistan, Hindus and Sikhs and Christians are under attack more and more as you go through the last year’s report. But government officials have not taken any steps against those, even including reading these thirteen lines on Pakistan.
And so Pakistan is like an open society in many ways and friends of the United States and ally. And also on comparing with Saudi Arabia to Pakistan, it may be a different story because in Saudi Arabia, they don’t allow any non-Muslims to practice anything. But in Pakistan, it’s a different society. But still, why is there – Pakistan has not been taken care of or taking any steps against those who persecute other religious people?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: Well, I think what I said in my opening comments – we are, as your comments suggest, or your question – we are concerned about the blasphemy law, about the intolerance in Pakistan, about the murder of Minister Bhatti and Governor Taseer.
At the same time, the government has in the last several months taken a few positive steps, and we’re working with the government on the assumption that these issues need to be addressed. We are – we work with the government on a range of things. This is an important subject. And the increasing extremism in that society, I think, is worrying to everybody.
So we are very mindful of the things you raise in both Pakistan and in Saudi Arabia, and these are issues that we’re very attentive to and will be more so.
QUESTION: One more quickly, if you don’t mind.
MR. TONER: Come on, let’s give – Goyal, let’s give some other people a chance. Go ahead.
QUESTION: Thank you. You mentioned engagement as a way of promoting religious tolerance in different countries. What about the countries where you don’t have access to, where you don’t have any relations, you don’t have presence such as Iran, for example?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: Well, we are obviously very frustrated by a number of things in Iran, including the continued harassment of the Baha’i. There were seven Baha’i leaders who were sentenced to 20 years in jail. The government then reduced it to 10 and now they’ve upped it again to 20 years. There are eight leaders of one of the Baha’i schools of higher education that are being put on trial. People – Baha’i kids can’t go to the regular universities. So there’s a range of things, not only the Baha’i but other minority communities.
We’ve raised these issues, we continue raising these issues. We have, obviously, a difficult relationship with that government or North Korea, other places that are on the list. But I think it is, again, important for us to be clear about the facts, to hold every government to the same standard. It does reinforce people in those societies who understand and know that the United States Government is listening and paying attention.
QUESTION: Resolutions have also been passed in Geneva, but even they apparently have not had any effect. Is there any other mechanism through which you can get to these countries, such countries?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: Well, I think with respect to Iran in particular, there is now a special rapporteur that’s focused on Iran who’s just beginning his work, and I think that will also play a useful role. It’s not just the United States. It’s the global community. The Human Rights Council selected that individual. And we’re now going to see whether the government lets him in, and if – and what kind of a report he produces and then what the reaction is.
But again, I think there’s a drumbeat and there’s a growing view in this world that these issues of human rights and religious freedom are part of what’s expected of every government in the global community.
QUESTION: Is the OIC itself helpful at all? It’s Islamic.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: Well, I think, again – and Sujay[1] can speak to this as well, I hope – and will – I think the OIC has helped us change the discussion, which was a very negative discussion of defamation which was at the Human Rights Council for a decade or so. We were debating endlessly a Pakistan and OIC-promoted resolution that really pitted us against some of the Islamic countries because it focused on ways to restrict free speech. Our view is that free speech and promoting religious tolerance and harmony are consistent.
And so what the OIC secretary general has done – and Sujay and Secretary Clinton were with him in Istanbul – is to talk about an alternative, this 1618 resolution which has now been adopted by the UN, which says let’s go at the problem of religious discrimination, religious intolerance, affirmatively, let’s find some practical ways forward. And he’s listed about a dozen of them. Those are useful things, and that’s partly what we need to be focusing on, an affirmative agenda.
______________
[1] Sujay refers to Ambassador Cook
AMBASSADOR COOK: And the resolution that was achieved was the result of 10 years worth of work, and so it’s an ongoing effort. Where we’re now at is the implementation stage. And so Istanbul was a successful trip, and we’re going forward with my hosting the experts in December here at the Secretary’s invitation. So it’s ongoing, and so we will not let it go. Thank you.
QUESTION: Hi. I wanted to ask you about Israel. There’s issues of Christians and Muslims being able to worship freely, and also there has been several attacks on mosques in the West Bank. Have you been speaking to the Israeli Government about this? How much responsibility do they hold in trying to protect as an occupying power?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: We do speak to the Israeli Government about this and a range of other human rights issues. I’ve been myself particularly involved since the Goldstone Report in dealing with some of the issues of humanitarian access, et cetera, in the context of a UN resolution. But I would say – I think to put this in a broader frame, at the center of a lot of the tensions in Israel and the West Bank and Gaza is the absence of a peace process, of a peace process that’s yielding a two-state solution. That’s what we favor. A lot will be – a lot of human rights issues are going to be dealt with much more directly and easily once we have that process up and running and once we get a result.
QUESTION: Thank you. And could you comment on the situation on religious freedom in Georgia in general? And also, I was wondering if you would give us some more details about Uzbekistan, the only former Soviet state that appeared in CPC list? Thanks.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: I don’t have anything, I think, to add to what’s in the report on Georgia. With respect to Uzbekistan, we have had a set of – I’ve been to Uzbekistan twice. We had a – my colleague, Tom Melia, was part of a bilateral dialogue that occurred last week here with the Government of Uzbekistan. And one of the things he raised, and Ambassador Blake, is the issue of religious freedom. We continue to have concerns about both restrictions on the ability of religion – religious groups, unregistered groups to participate, to operate openly. I met with a number of religious figures when I was last there who had church services disrupted, some religious leaders arrested. So there really is an ongoing problem there, and we are eager to work with the government to try to improve that record.
MR. TONER: Last question. Go ahead.
QUESTION: Hitting Pakistan again, I wondered if you see any progress on the blasphemy law and whether you considered adding it as a CPC.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSNER: We certainly consider adding any country, and there – and we are very mindful, as I said in my opening comments, about the both misuse of the blasphemy law, the fact that it’s been applied so often, and the fact that some people have been – have received severe sentences as a result of it.
We are going to continue to work with the government. We’ve seen some positive steps in the last few months. But I think the message here is we have great concern about the overall situation of extremism and intolerance in Pakistan, and we stand ready to work with the government to try to address that.
MR. TONER: Thank you all.




PRN: 2011/1476



The plight of Burma’s political prisoners was among the principal issues raised by Tomas Ojea Quintana, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Burma, after his five-day mission to the country last month.

Quintana, who has visited Burma four times since 2008, noted the positive steps taken by the government ‘that have the potential to bring about an improvement in the human rights situation of Myanmar (Burma).’ He also welcomed ‘what seems to be an opening of space for different actors and parties to engage in the political process.’

But while recognizing the efforts of the government to implement reforms, he also underscored the ‘serious and ongoing human rights concerns that need to be addressed.’ He also specifically cited the continuing detention of a large number of ‘prisoners of conscience.’



The military junta-dominated government continues to deny the existence of political prisoners in the country, but activists believe there are more than 2,000 people in the country who are in prison today because of their political activities. Burma is notorious for handing out insanely long sentences to captured dissidents. For example, Gen. Hso Ten of the Shan State Peace Council is serving a 106-year sentence for high treason. Hla Hla Win, a video journalist for the Democratic Voice of Burma, was detained for using an unregistered motorbike, but her jail sentence has been extended to 20 years.

Burma has more than 43 prisons and around 100 labor camps, but the majority of political prisoners are held in Yangon’s Insein prison. Even democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi spent time in this top security prison.

In his statement delivered at Yangon International Airport, Quintana shared the testimonies of ‘prisoners of conscience’ in Insein Prison. ‘I heard disturbing testimonies of prolonged sleep and food deprivation during interrogation, beatings, and the burning of bodily parts, including genital organs. I heard accounts of prisoners being confined in cells normally used for prison dogs as means of punishment. I also heard accounts of inadequate access to medical care, where prisoners had to pay for medication at their own cost.’

Quintana also mentioned the continuing allegations of ‘torture and ill-treatment during interrogation, the use of prisoners as porters for the military, and the transfers of prisoners to prisons in remote areas where they are unable to receive family visits or packages of essential medicine and supplemental food.’

Insein Prison has a total prison population of 10,000, but it has only three doctors. The prison overcrowding is blamed for the spread of illnesses in the detention facility.

Quintana’s report validates the claim of human rights groups that Burma prisoners suffer regular physical and psychological abuse from officials. It also affirms the notorious image of Insein prison as the ‘darkest hole in Burma,’ where 300 political prisoners are currently detained.

After witnessing the conditions of the ‘prisoners of conscience’, Quintana immediately called for their release on humanitarian grounds. He also reminded the government that their release would be a ‘central and necessary step towards national reconciliation and would bring more benefit to Myanmar’s efforts towards democracy.’

If the Junta generals are serious in their commitment to promote democratic reforms, and if they want the approval of the international human rights community, they would do well to follow what Quintana has outlined in his latest report on the state of human rights in Burma. At the minimum, releasing the ‘prisoners of conscience’ will boost the democratic reform movement in the country.
Credit : By Mong Palatino (The diplomat)



α€§α€›ာဝတီ ေတာ္α€œွα€”္ေα€›း
ေထာင္ဒင္
α€…α€€္တင္α€˜ာ ၁၂၊ ၂၀၁၁

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α€žα€™αΌα€α€¦းα€žိα€”္းα€…ိα€”္ ထစိုးα€›α€€ α€žေα€˜ာထား ေပ်ာ့ေျပာင္းα€œိα€™့္α€™α€š္α€œိုα‚” တခ်ိဳα‚•α€€ ေα€™ွ်ာ္α€œα€„့္ေα€”ျပီး တခ်ိဳα‚•α€œဲ ျα€•α€Š္ေတာ္ျပန္ၾက၊ တခ်ိဳα‚•α€€α€œဲ ျα€•α€Š္ေတာ္ျပန္α€–ိုα‚” တိတ္တိတ္α€€ေα€œး ၾကိဳးα€…ားေနၾကခ်ိα€”္α€™ွာပဲ ဦးα€žိα€”္းα€…ိα€”္ထစိုးα€›α€›ဲ့ ဝန္ၾကီးတပါးα€€ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာျα€•α€Š္α€žူα€™်ားα€›ဲ့ ဆႏၡ α€€ိုα€œုံးဝ ဂ႐ုα€™α€…ိုα€€္ေၾကာင္း ထတိα€‘α€œα€„္း ထုတ္ေα€–ာ္ ေျပာၾကားα€œိုα€€္ပါα€α€š္။

ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€›ဲ့ α€‘α€žα€€္ေα€žြးေၾကာျα€–α€…္ျပီး ျα€™α€”္α€™ာျα€•α€Š္α€žူα€™်ား α€™ွီခိုထားထားα€›ာျα€–α€…္တဲ့ α€™ိခင္α€§α€›ာဝတီျα€™α€…္ၾကီး ပ်α€€္α€…ီးေပ်ာα€€္ဆုံးα€›α€™ွာα€€ို α€…ိုးα€›ိα€™္α€œြα€”္းα€œိုα‚” α€§α€›ာဝတီျα€™α€…္ဆံုα€™ွာ တရုတ္ထစိုးရပိုင္ α€€ုမၸဏီα€™်ားα€€ α€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္ေနတဲ့ ျα€™α€…္ဆံုα€†α€Š္ၾကီးα€€ို ဆက္α€œα€€္α€™ေဆာα€€္α€œုပ္ပဲ ရပ္တန္α‚”α€–ိုα‚” ေတာင္းဆိုေနၾကတဲ့ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာျα€•α€Š္α€žူေတြα€€ို ဦးα€žိα€”္းα€…ိα€”္ထစိုးα€›α€›ဲ့ ထမွတ္(၁) α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္α€…ြα€™္းထားဝန္ၾကီးα€Œာα€” ဝန္ၾကီး ဦးေဇာ္မင္း α€€ "α€§α€›ာဝတီေα€›ာဂါα€žα€Š္α€™်ား" “α€§α€›ာဝတီေα€›ာဂါα€”ဲα‚” ထမီွα€œိုα€€္ေα€”α€žူα€™်ား" α€œိုα‚”ေα€œွာင္ေျပာင္ α€žေα€›ာ္α€œိုα€€္ျပီး ျα€™α€…္ဆံုα€†α€Š္ၾကီးα€€ို α€˜α€š္α€žူကပဲ α€€α€”္α‚”α€€ြα€€္၊ α€€α€”္α‚”α€€ြα€€္ ဆက္ေဆာα€€္α€žြားα€™ွာ ျα€–α€…္α€α€š္α€œိုα‚” ၾကိα€™္းဝါးα€œိုα€€္ပါα€α€š္။ α€…α€€္တင္α€˜ာ ၁၀ α€›α€€္ေα€”α‚”α€€ ေα€”ျα€•α€Š္ေတာ္α€™ွာα€›ွိတဲ့ α€™ီးရထားဝန္ၾကီးα€Œာα€” ဝန္ၾကီးα€›ုံးα€™ွာ ျပဳα€œုပ္တဲ့ α€žα€α€„္းα€…ာα€›ွင္းα€œα€„္းပြဲα€™ွာ ထဲα€’ီα€œို ေျပာဆိုα€œိုα€€္တာပါ။

α€’ီα€œိုေျပာဆိုရင္းα€”ဲ႔ပဲ ဦးေဇာ္မင္းα€€ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာ့α€‘α€œα€„္းα€žα€α€„္းα€…ာα€™ွာ α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္ဝန္ထမ္းတဦး၊ ေα€€်ာ္မင္းα€œူ (ေα€›ႊျα€•α€Š္α€žာ) ဆိုတဲ့ α€”ံα€™α€Š္ဝွα€€္ေတြα€”ဲα‚” ျα€™α€…္ဆံုα€†α€Š္ α€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္ေα€›း ေα€€ာင္းတဲ့ ထေၾကာင္းေတြ ေဆာင္းပါးေα€›းတာ α€žူα€€ိုα€š္တိုင္ပါပဲα€œိုα‚• ဝန္ခံα€žြားပါα€α€š္၊ α€žူα€€ေျပာပါေα€žးα€α€š္၊ "ျα€™α€…္ၾကီးα€€ို α€˜α€š္α€žူα€™ွ မထိα€”္းα€žိα€™္းခဲ့α€œိုα‚” ျα€™α€…္ၾကီးα€€ ပ်α€€္α€…ီးတာ၊ ေα€›α€€ α€…ီးခ်င္တဲ့ေα€”α€›ာ ေα€œွ်ာα€€္α€…ီးေနတာ" α€œိုα‚” α€§α€›ာဝတီျα€™α€…္ၾကီးα€€ိုေတာင္ ထျပစ္တင္α€žြားပါေα€žးα€α€š္၊ α€’ါေα€•α€™α€Š့္ α€§α€›ာဝတီျα€™α€…္ၾကီးα€€ို ထိα€”္းα€žိα€™္း ေα€…ာင့္ေα€›ွာα€€္α€–ိုα‚” α€žူထပါထဝင္ျα€–α€…္တဲ့ နထဖစစ္ထုပ္α€…ုα€€ ႏိုင္ငံα€€ို ႏွα€…္ ၂၀ေα€€်ာ္ထုပ္ခ်ဳပ္α€™ႈထတြင္း တာဝန္α€™ဲ့ခဲ့တာα€€ိုေတာ့ α€™α€žိခ်င္ေα€šာင္ေဆာင္ ေနခဲ့ပါα€α€š္၊ ဦးေဇာ္မင္းα€Ÿာ α€—ိုα€œ္α€™ႉးၾကီးေα€Ÿာင္း  တေα€šာα€€္ျα€–α€…္ျပီး နထဖထစိုးα€›α€žα€€္တမ္းထတြင္းα€™ွာα€œဲ ထမွတ္(၁) α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္α€…ြα€™္းထား ဝန္ၾကီးထျα€–α€…္ တာဝန္α€šူခဲ့α€žူပါ၊
 ေα€›ႊα€œီေရထားα€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္ α€…ီα€™ံα€€ိα€”္း α€–ြင့္ပြဲထခမ္းထနားα€™ွာ ေတြ႔ရတဲ့ α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္ဝန္ၾကီးဆိုα€žူ (α€‘α€œα€š္)

α€žူေα€’ါα€žα€αΎα€€ီးα€”ဲα‚” ေျပာα€™ွပဲ ထရင္α€€ ေα€žေα€žα€်ာခ်ာ α€™α€žိခဲ့ရတဲ့ ထက်ိဳးα€…ီးပြါးထေပးα€‘α€šူ α€€ိα€…α₯ေတြα€€ိုပါ α€žိၾကရပါα€α€š္။ ျα€™α€…္ဆံုα€†α€Š္ ထပါထဝင္ α€§α€›ာဝတီ၊ ေမခ၊ α€”ဲα‚• α€™α€œိခ ျα€™α€…္α€™်ားα€™ွာα€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္ေနတဲ့ α€†α€Š္ၾကီး ၇ ခု ျပီးα€…ီးα€žြားရင္ ထြα€€္α€œာα€™α€Š့္ ေရထားα€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္ပမာဏရဲ့ ၉၀% α€€ို တရုတ္ ထစိုးα€›α€€ α€›ျပီး ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€€ ၁၀% ပဲ α€›α€™α€š္။ တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ α€›ာႏႈံးျα€•α€Š့္ ရင္းႏွီးျα€™ႇဳတ္ႏွံတာျα€–α€…္ေα€•α€™α€Š့္ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာထစိုးရထတြα€€္ α€’ီα€œုပ္ငန္းၾကီးα€™်ားထတြα€€္ ၁၅% ပိုင္ဆိုင္ခြင့္ေပးα€α€š္... ဆိုေတာ့ α€’ီα€†α€Š္α€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္ေα€›းα€™ွာ တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ αˆα…% ပိုင္ျပီး ျα€™α€”္α€™ာထစိုးα€›α€€ ၁၅% ပဲပိုင္α€α€š္ေပါ့၊ α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္ဓာတ္ထားေα€›ာင္းα€œိုα‚” α€›α€™α€Š့္ထျမတ္ေငြα€›ဲ့ ၇၀% α€€ိုတရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ α€›α€™ွာျα€–α€…္ျပီး ၃၀% α€€ိုα€žာ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာထစိုးα€›α€€ α€›α€™ွာပါ၊ α€žူထဆိုထရပဲ ထင္ထင္α€›ွားα€›ွားေတြα‚•α€œိုα€€္ရတာα€€ ကခ်င္တိုင္ရင္းα€žားα€™်ား ထမြα€”္ထျမတ္ထားα€›ာ ျα€™α€…္ဆံုα€€ို α€–်α€€္ဆီးပစ္α€œိုα‚•၊ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာျα€•α€Š္α€žူα€™်ားထမွီျပဳထားထားα€›ာ α€§α€›ာဝတီျα€™α€…္ၾကီးα€€ို တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ို α€–်α€€္ဆီးခြင့္ျပဳα€œိုα€€္α€œိုα‚• ဦးα€žိα€”္းα€…ိα€”္ထစိုးα€›ျပန္α€›α€™ွာα€€ ပိုင္ဆိုင္α€™ႈα€›ဲ့ ၁၅%၊ α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္ဓာတ္ထားα€›ဲ့ ၁၀%၊ α€”ဲ႕ထျမတ္ထစြα€”္းα€›ဲ့ ၃၀% ပါ၊ ပ်α€€္α€…ီးေပ်ာα€€္ဆံုးα€žြားα€›α€™α€Š့္ α€§α€›ာဝတီျα€™α€…္ၾကီးα€€ို ဆုံးα€›ွုံးα€œိုα‚” α€€်ေα€”ာ္တိုα‚” ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€žားα€™်ားထားα€œုံး၊ ထခုα€œα€€္α€›ွိ α€™်ိဳးဆက္ေတြα€žာα€™α€€ ေα€”ာင္α€œာα€™α€Š့္ α€™်ိဳးဆက္α€™်ား ခံα€…ားα€›α€™α€Š့္ ဆုံးα€›ွုံးα€™ႈပမာဏက ဦးα€žိα€”္းα€…ိα€”္ထစိုးα€› ခံα€…ားα€›α€™α€Š့္ထက်ိဳးထျမတ္ထက္ ထဆေပါင္း ေထာင္α€”ဲ႔ခ်ီျပီး ၾကီးα€™ားα€œွα€α€š္ဆိုတာα€€ိုေတာ့ ဦးေဇာ္မင္း α€‘α€Š့္တြα€€္ပံုမရပါα€˜ူး၊
၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွα€…္ α€…α€€္တင္α€˜ာα€œα€€ တရုတ္ျα€•α€Š္ခရီးα€…α€₯္α€™ွာ ေတြ႔ရတဲ့ α€§α€›ာဝတီေα€›α€€ာတာ α€…ီα€™ံα€€ိα€”္းထား ေα€”ာα€€္ဆံုး ထဆံုးထျဖတ္ေပးခဲ့တဲ့ ထဓိကတရားခံ..

(၂) တရုတ္ျα€•α€Š္α€›ဲ့ α€™α€Ÿာတံတိုင္းα€‘α€žα€…္

တရုတ္ျα€•α€Š္α€€ ထင္α€›ွားေα€€်ာ္္ၾကားα€œွတဲ့ α€™α€Ÿာတံတိုင္း (The Great Wall) ၾကီးα€€ို ထားα€œုံး ၾကားα€–ူးၾကမွာပါ၊ α€˜ီα€…ီ ၅ α€›ာα€…ုေα€œာα€€္α€€α€…ျပီး မင္မင္းဆက္ (Ming Dynasty) (ααƒα†αˆ-၁၆၄၄) ထထိ α€€ာα€œ ထတြင္း တရုတ္ႏိုင္ငံα€›ဲ့ ေျα€™ာα€€္ပိုင္းα€€ α€€်ဴးေα€€်ာ္ဝင္ေα€›ာα€€္α€™ႈေတြα€€ို α€€ာα€€ြα€š္α€–ိုα‚” α€œူα€žα€”္းေပါင္းα€™်ားα€…ြာ α€€ိုထဓမၼေစခိုင္းျပီး ႏွα€…္ေပါင္းα€™်ားα€…ြာ α€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္ခဲ့ရတဲ့ ခံတပ္ တံတိုင္းၾကီးေတြပါ၊ ႏွα€…္ေပါင္း ၂၀၀၀ ေα€€်ာ္α€žα€€္တမ္းα€›ွိျပီး α€™ိုင္ေပါင္း ၅၀၀၀ ေα€€်ာ္α€›ွα€Š္α€œ်ားα€œိုα‚” αα‰αˆα‡ ခုႏွα€…္α€™ွာ α€€ုα€œα€žα€™α€‚ၢ α€€ α€€α€™ာၻ့ထေα€™ြထႏွα€…္တပါး ထျα€–α€…္ α€‘α€žိထမွတ္ျပဳထားတာပါ။ α€’ီα€˜α€€္ေခတ္α€™ွာေတာ့ α€œα€€္α€›ွိ တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ α€™α€Ÿာတံတိုင္း α€‘α€žα€…္ၾကီးတခုα€€ို ေဆာα€€္α€œုပ္ေနပါα€α€š္၊ α€’ီတခါေဆာα€€္တဲ့ α€™α€Ÿာတံတိုင္းα€‘α€žα€…္α€€ တရုတ္ႏိုင္ငံထတြင္းα€™ွာ α€™α€Ÿုတ္ပါ၊ တရုတ္ႏိုင္ငံထျပင္α€˜α€€္ α€€α€™α‚“ာတဝွα€™္းα€™ွာ တရုတ္ထစိုးရပိုင္α€€ုမၸဏီα€™်ား ေဆာα€€္α€œုပ္ေနတဲ့ ေα€›α€€ာတာၾကီးα€™်ား ျα€–α€…္ၾကပါα€α€š္၊ ထာα€–α€›ိα€€α€™ွာဆိုရင္ ထဲα€’ီႏိုင္ငံα€™်ားကထြα€€္တဲ့ ေα€›α€”ံα€€ို ျပိဳင္α€˜α€€္α€™α€›ွိα€α€š္α€šူႏိုင္α€–ိုα‚” α€žα€€္ဆိုင္α€›ာထစိုးα€›α€™်ားα€€ို α€œာα€˜္ထိုးတဲ့ထေα€”α€”ဲα‚” တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ α€†α€Š္ၾကီးေတြ ေဆာα€€္α€œုပ္ေပးပါα€α€š္၊ ျခံα€…α€Š္း႐ိုးခ်င္းကပ္ေနတဲ့ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€™ွာေတာ့ ထြα€€္α€œာα€™α€Š့္ α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္ဓာတ္ထားα€€ို ဝါးα€™်ိဳα€…ားေα€žာα€€္α€–ိုα‚” α€†α€Š္ေတြေဆာα€€္ေပးတာပါ၊ α€žα€™ိုင္းေα€Ÿာင္းα€™ွာ α€™α€Ÿာတံတိုင္းၾကီးေဆာα€€္ေတာ့ ထျပစ္α€™ဲ့ တရုတ္ျα€•α€Š္α€žူေတြ α€‘α€“α€™αΌα€œုပ္ထားေပးခိုင္းေစခံၾကရ၊ ေα€”α€›ာေα€›ႊα‚•ေျပာင္းၾကရ၊ α€˜α€ေတြပ်α€€္α€…ီးၾကရ၊ α€‘α€žα€€္ေတြ ေα€žα€†ုံးαΎα€€α€›α€žα€œိုပဲ α€’ီα€€ေα€”α‚•ေခတ္္၊ တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€›ဲ့ α€™α€Ÿာတံတိုင္းα€žα€…္ ေဆာα€€္α€œုပ္α€›ာα€™ွာ α€€α€™α‚“ာတဝွα€™္းα€€ ထျပစ္α€™ဲ့ ျα€•α€Š္α€žူေတြ ဆင္းα€›ဲα€’ုကၑေα€›ာα€€္ေနၾကရတာပါ၊

α€žα€™ိုင္းေα€Ÿာင္းα€™ွာတုα€”္းα€€ α€™α€Ÿာတံတိုင္း ေဆာα€€္α€œုပ္α€›ာα€™ွာ ေα€’α€žα€ံα€…α€…္α€˜ုရင္ေတြ ထက်ိဳးα€…ီးပြါး ျα€–α€…္ထြα€”္းခဲ့α€žα€œို α€’ီα€€ေα€”α‚” တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ α€€α€™α‚“ာα€€ို ပါတ္ျပီး α€†α€Š္ေတြα€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္α€›ာα€™ွာα€œဲ တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€”ဲα‚” ထေပါင္းထပါ ထာα€›ွ α€”ဲ႕ထာα€–α€›ိα€€ ကထာဏာα€›ွင္ထစိုးα€›ေတြပဲ ထက်ိဳးα€…ီးပြါးျα€–α€…္ထြα€”္းၾကတာပါ၊ α€†α€Š္ေတြေဆာα€€္α€œိုα‚” ေပ်ာα€€္ဆုံးα€žြားတဲ့ ျα€™α€…္ၾကီးေတြ၊ ေα€›ႊα‚•ေျပာင္းရတဲ့ ျα€™ိဳα‚•၊α€›ြာေတြ၊ α€‘α€“α€™αΌα€œုပ္ထားေပးရတဲ့ ျα€•α€Š္α€žူေတြ၊ ပ်α€€္α€…ီးα€žြားတဲ့ α€žα€˜ာဝပါတ္ဝန္းα€€်င္α€”ဲα‚• ေျပာင္းα€œဲα€žြားတဲ့ α€›ာα€žီα€₯တု၊ ေα€›α€œႊα€™္းခံရတဲ့ α€œα€š္ေျα€™ေတြ၊ α€€α€”ၲာα€›ျα€–α€…္α€žြားတဲ့ α€…ိုα€€္ပ်ိဳးခင္းေတြ၊ α€‘α€žα€္ခံα€œိုα€€္ရတဲ့ α€žα€…္ေတာၾကီးေတြ၊ ျα€–ိဳခ်ခံα€œိုα€€္ရတဲ့ ေတာင္တန္းၾကီးေတြ α€€ို တရုတ္ထာဏာα€›ွင္ေတြ α€”ဲα‚” α€žူတိုα‚”α€›ဲ့ထေပါင္းထပါထာဏာα€›ွင္α€™်ားα€€ α€‘α€œြα€š္တကူေα€™့ေα€œ်ာ့α€œိုα€€္ၾကျပီး တရုတ္ေα€›ွးα€˜ုရင္α€™်ားα€€ α€™α€Ÿာတံတိုင္းၾကီးထတြα€€္ ဂုဏ္α€šူဝင့္ႂα€€ြားαΎα€€α€žα€œို တရုတ္ထာဏာα€›ွင္α€™်ားα€”ဲα‚” ထေပါင္းထပါα€™်ားα€€α€œဲ α€™α€Ÿာတံတိုင္းα€žα€…္ α€†α€Š္ၾကီးα€™်ားထတြα€€္ ဂုဏ္α€šူဝင့္ႂα€€ြားေနၾကတာပါ၊ α€’ါေၾကာင့္α€™ိုα‚” တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€›ဲ့ ဩဇာခံ α€…α€…္α€˜ုရင္တပါးျα€–α€…္တဲ့ ဦးα€žိα€”္းα€…ိα€”္ ထစိုးα€›α€€ α€žေα€˜ာထားေပ်ာ့ေျပာင္းျပီး ျα€™α€…္ဆံုα€†α€Š္ α€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္ေα€›းα€€ို ျα€•α€Š္α€žူα€œူထုα€›ဲ့ ဆႏၡထတိုင္း ရပ္တန္α‚”α€œိα€™့္α€™α€š္α€œိုα‚” α€€်ေα€”ာ္ α€˜α€š္တုံးα€€α€™ွ α€™ေα€™ွ်ာ္α€œα€„့္ခဲ့ပါ၊ ထခု ဦးေဇာ္မင္းα€›ဲ့ α€…ိα€”္ေα€αšα€်α€€္α€€ α€€်ေα€”ာ့္ α€žံα€žα€šα€€ို α€‘α€α€Š္ျပဳေပးα€œိုα€€္ပါျပီ။

(၃) α€†α€Š္ေတြα€™ွာ α€žα€€္တမ္းα€›ွိ၍ ထိုα€žα€€္တမ္းα€™ွာ တိုေတာင္း၏

ဦးေဇာ္မင္းα€€ ေျပာα€žြားပါေα€žးα€α€š္၊ "ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€™ွာေတာ့ ေရထားα€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္α€”ဲ႕ပါတ္α€žα€€္ျပီးေတာ့ α€œα€€္α€›ွိထခ်ိα€”္α€™ွာ α€€်ေα€”ာ္႔ထက္ပိုျပီးေတာ့ ထေတြ႕ထၾကဳံα€›ွိတဲ့α€œူ α€™α€›ွိေတာ့α€˜ူး" တဲ့၊ ထဲα€’ီα€…α€€ားထတြα€€္ ထေတာ္ထံ့ဩမိပါα€α€š္၊ α€˜ာျα€–α€…္α€œိုα‚•α€œဲဆိုေတာ့ α€žူကပဲ α€’ီα€†α€Š္ၾကီးα€€ို တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ို α€€ာα€œα€‘α€€α€”္α‚” α€‘α€žα€္တခုα€”ဲα‚” α€œုပ္ခိုင္းျပီး ထဲα€’ီα€€ာα€œျပီးဆုံးတဲ့ ထခ်ိα€”္α€™ွာ "ျပီးပါျပီ၊ α€€ုα€”္ျပီ၊ မင္းျပန္ေတာ့၊ α€’ါၾကီးထားခဲ့ေတာ့။ α€€ိုα€š့္ထႏိုင္ငံထပိုင္ျα€–α€…္α€α€š္၊ α€’ီထက္ထက်ိဳးα€›ွိတဲ့α€Ÿာ α€˜ာα€›ွိေα€žးα€œဲ" α€œို႔ထားရပါးα€›ေျပာα€žြားα€œို႔ပါ၊ α€†α€Š္ၾကီးေတြα€™ွာ α€žα€€္တမ္းα€›ွိα€α€š္ဆိုတာ α€žူα€žိပံုမရပါ။

ျα€™α€…္α€€ို ပိတ္ဆိုα‚”ျပီး α€†α€Š္ေတြ၊ ေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္ေတြ α€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္ၾကတဲ့ထခါ ျα€™α€…္α€–်ားပိုင္းα€€ α€…ီးα€œာတဲ့ ေα€›ေတြα€Ÿာ ေα€›α€€ာတာၾကီးေၾကာင့္ ျα€™α€…္ေထာα€€္ပိုင္းα€€ို ဆက္α€œα€€္ α€™α€…ီးဆင္းႏိုင္ပဲ ေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္ၾကီးထဲα€™ွာပဲ ထိα€”္းα€žိα€™္းခံၾကရမွာပါ။ ျပီးေတာ့ ေα€›α€€ာတာα€€ ေရတံခါးၾကီးα€™်ားα€€ို α€–ြင့္ေပးα€™ွα€žာ ေα€›ေတြ ျα€™α€…္ေထာα€€္ပိုင္း α€€ို ဆက္α€œα€€္α€…ီးဆင္းႏိုင္α€™ွာပါ။ ထဲα€’ီေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္ၾကီးထဲα€€ို ေα€›ေတြတင္α€™α€€α€˜ူး ႏုံးေျα€™ေတြ (Sediment) ပါα€…ီးဝင္ ေα€›ာα€€္α€›ွိα€™ွာပါ၊ ထဲα€’ီ ႏုα€”္းေတြα€€ ေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္ၾကီးα€›ဲ့ ေထာα€€္ေျခမွာ α€žြားျပီး α€…ုပံုα€‘α€”α€Š္ထိုင္ၾကမွာပါ၊ ေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္ၾကီးα€›ဲ့ ၾကမ္းျပင္α€€ ေရတံခါးၾကီးα€™်ားα€›ဲ့ ေထာα€€္α€–α€€္ထေဝးၾကီးα€™ွာα€™ိုα‚” ေရတံခါးၾကီးα€™်ားα€€ို α€–ြင့္α€œိုα‚” ေα€›ေတြ ျα€™α€…္ေထာα€€္ပိုင္းα€€ို α€…ီးဆင္းခြင့္ ရရင္ေတာင္α€™ွ ႏုံးေတြထတြα€€္α€€ေတာ့ ထြα€€္ေပါα€€္α€™α€›ွိပါ။ ထဲα€’ီα€œိုα€”ဲα‚” ေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္ၾကမ္းျပင္α€™ွာ တေျα€–းေျα€–းα€…ုပံု α€‘α€”α€š္ထိုင္α€œာတဲ့ ႏုံးေျα€™ေတြα€Ÿာ ႏွα€…္ေတြၾကာတာα€”ဲ႔ထမွ် ျမင့္တက္ခိုင္α€™ာα€œာျပီး ေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္α€›ဲ့ ၾကမ္းျပင္α€Ÿာ တစတစ ျမင့္တက္α€œာျပီး α€€α€”္ထဲα€™ွာ ေα€œွာင္ႏိုင္တဲ့ ေရပမာα€α€Ÿာα€œဲ α€”α€Š္းα€žα€‘α€€္ α€”α€Š္းα€œာပါα€α€š္၊ α€’ါေၾကာင့္α€™ိုα‚•α€œိုα‚” ေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္ထဲα€™ွာ ႏုံးေတြα€™်ားα€œာတာα€”ဲα‚” ထမွ်၊ ေထာα€€္ၾကမ္းျပင္ ျမင့္တက္α€œာတာα€”ဲ႕ထမွ်၊ ေα€œွာင္ႏိုင္တဲ့ ေရပမာα€α€”α€Š္းα€œာတာα€”ဲα‚” ထမွ်၊ α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္α€…ြα€™္းထားထုတ္ႏိုင္α€…ြα€™္းα€Ÿာα€œဲ ေα€œ်ာ့α€”α€Š္းα€œာပါα€œိα€™့္α€™α€š္၊ α€’ါေၾကာင့္α€™ိုα‚” ေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္တခု၊ ေα€›α€€ာတာတခုα€›ဲ့ α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္ဓာတ္ထားထုတ္ႏိုင္α€…ြα€™္းα€Ÿာ ထမ်ားဆုံး ႏွα€…္ ၂၀ α€”ဲ႔၃၀ ၾကားα€™ွာပဲ α€›ွိတတ္ပါα€α€š္၊ ႏွα€…္ ၂၀ ေα€€်ာ္α€žြားျပီးရင္ျဖင့္ ထဲα€’ီ ေα€›ေα€œွာင္α€€α€”္ၾကီးα€Ÿာ ႏုံးေျα€™ေတြ ျα€•α€Š့္ႏွα€€္ေနတဲ့ α€€α€”္ၾကီးတခုပဲ ျα€–α€…္ေနပါα€œိα€™့္α€™α€š္၊ α€œွ်ပ္α€…α€…္ဓာတ္ထားထုတ္α€–ိုα‚•α€‘α€žုံးမဝင္ေတာ့α€žα€œို ခရီးα€žြားα€œာေα€›းα€”ဲα‚” ထျခားα€€ိα€…α₯α€™်ား ထတြα€€္α€œဲ α€‘α€žုံးဝင္α€™ွာ α€™α€Ÿုတ္ေတာ့ပါ၊

ျα€™α€…္ဆံုα€†α€Š္ထပါထဝင္ တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€α€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္ေနတဲ့ α€†α€Š္ၾကီးα€™်ားထတြα€€္ တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ ႏွα€…္ ၃၀ α€…ာခ်ဳပ္α€”ဲα‚• (BOT/Build, Operate and Transfer) α€œုပ္α€€ိုင္ခြင့္α€›α€™ွာျα€–α€…္α€œိုα‚” ႏွα€…္ ၃၀ ျα€•α€Š့္α€œိုα‚” တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€€ α€€်ေα€”ာ္တိုα‚”α€€ို α€’ီα€†α€Š္ၾကီးα€™်ား ျပန္α€œႊဲေျပာင္းေပးတဲ့ထခ်ိα€”္α€™ွာ α€€်ေα€”ာ္တိုα‚” α€›α€™ွာα€€ ႏုံးေျα€™ေတြျα€•α€Š့္ႏွα€€္ေနတဲ့ ထမိႈα€€္α€€α€”္ၾကီးေတြပါ။ ဦးေဇာ္မင္း ေျပာα€žα€œို ထက်ိဳးα€›ွိα€™α€š္ဆိုတာ α€œုံးဝမျα€–α€…္ႏိုင္ပါ။

(၄) ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œ ဇာတ္α€žိα€™္းခန္း

α€€်ေα€”ာ္တိုα‚” ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€žားထားα€œုံးα€”ီးပါး ျမတ္α€—ုဒၢရဲ့ ေထာင္ျခင္း αˆα€•ါးထဲα€€ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œα€ြၽတ္ခန္းα€€ို ၾကားα€˜ူးၾကမွာပါ၊ α€˜ုα€›ားα€œα€€္ထက္α€€ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œ α€žα€ိုα‚”α€žားဆိုတာ α€›ွိခဲ့α€α€š္၊ တကၠα€žိုα€œ္α€™ွာ α€’ိα€žာပါေα€™ာကၑ ဆရာၾကီးထံ ခ်α€₯္းကပ္ျပီး α€•α€Šာα€žα€„္ေနတဲ့ထခ်ိα€”္α€™ွာ ဆရာၾကီးα€€ α€žူα‚”α€α€•α€Š့္α€€ို α€žူ႕ဇနီးα€”ဲα‚” α€™α€žα€€ၤာျα€–α€…္ပါေတာ့α€α€š္။ α€’ါα€”ဲα‚• ဆရာၾကီးα€€ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œα€€ို ေခ်ာα€€္တြα€”္းတဲ့ထေα€”α€”ဲα‚” α€žူ႕ဆီα€™ွာ α€•α€Šာေတြα€žα€„္α€šူα€–ို႔ဆိုရင္ α€žူα€€ ေငြေၾကးα€œα€€္မခံပဲ α€œူα‚”α€œα€€္α€Šိႈး ထေခ်ာင္း ၁၀၀၀ α€€ို α€žာα€•α€Šာα€žα€„္ခထျα€–α€…္α€œα€€္ခံα€™ွာ ျα€–α€…္ေၾကာင္းေျပာျပီး ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œα€€ို α€œူα‚”α€œα€€္α€Šိႈးထေခ်ာင္း ၁၀၀၀ α€”ဲα‚”α€žူα‚”α€€ို ပူေဇာ္ႏိုင္α€™ွ ျပန္α€œာခဲ့ ဆိုျပီး ေα€€်ာင္းေတာ္α€€ ေα€™ာင္းထုတ္ပါα€α€š္။ ဆရာ့α€…α€€ားα€”ားေထာင္တဲ့ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œ α€€α€œဲ ေα€€်ာင္းကထြα€€္ခြါα€œာျပီး α€œူေတြα€€ို α€œိုα€€္α€žα€္၊ α€œα€€္ α€Šိႈး ေတြα€€ိုျဖတ္၊ ထဲα€’ီ α€œα€€္ α€Šိႈးေတြα€€ို ေပ်ာα€€္α€žြားα€™ွာα€…ိုးα€œိုα‚” ၾကိဳးα€”ဲα‚”α€žီျပီး α€œα€Š္ပင္းα€™ွာ ခ်ိတ္ဆြဲျပီး ထင္မတန္ ေၾကာα€€္α€…α€›ာေα€€ာင္းတဲ့ α€œူဆိုးၾကီး ျα€–α€…္α€œာပါα€α€š္၊

ထဲα€’ီα€œိုα€”ဲα‚” ျα€™ိဳα‚•ျပင္α€€ ေတာထုပ္ၾကီးတခုα€™ွာ ခိုα€œႈံျပီး ေတာထုပ္α€€ို ျဖတ္α€žα€”္းα€žြားα€žα€™ွ် α€œူေတြα€€ို α€žα€္ျဖတ္ျပီး α€œα€€္α€Šိႈး ေတြ α€…ုေဆာင္းα€œာတာ တေထာင္ျα€•α€Š့္α€–ိုα‚” တေခ်ာင္းပဲα€œိုပါေတာ့α€α€š္၊ ထဲα€’ီထခ်ိα€”္α€™ွာ α€žားα€€ို α€…ိတ္ပူα€œြα€”္းα€œိုα‚” α€œိုα€€္α€›ွာတဲ့ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œα€›ဲ့ α€™ိခင္ၾကီးα€€ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œα€›ွိတဲ့ ေတာထုပ္α€€ို ေα€›ာα€€္α€œာပါα€α€š္၊ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œ α€€α€œဲ α€žူ႕ထေα€™α€€ို ထေα€™α€™ွα€”္း α€™ွတ္α€™ိေα€•α€™α€Š့္ ေα€”ာα€€္ဆုံးα€œိုတဲ့ α€œα€€္ α€Šိႈး တေခ်ာင္းα€€ို α€›α€–ိုα‚”α€žα€္α€™α€š္ဆိုျပီး ထေα€™့ေα€”ာα€€္α€€ို ဓားဝင့္ျပီး α€œိုα€€္ပါα€žα€ဲ့၊ α€’ီα€œိုα€”ဲα‚” α€™ိခင္ၾကီးα€€ ေၾကာα€€္α€œα€”္႔တၾကား ေα€›ွα‚•α€€ေျပး၊ ေα€žြးဆာေနတဲ့ α€œူα€žα€္α€žα€™ား ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œα€€ ေα€”ာα€€္α€€α€œိုα€€္ ေနခ်ိα€”္α€™ွာ ျမတ္α€…ြာα€˜ုα€›ားα€€ α€€ိုα€š္ထင္ျပပါα€žα€ဲ့၊ ထဲα€’ီေတာ့α€™ွ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œα€€ ထေα€™့ေα€”ာα€€္α€œိုα€€္တာα€€ိုရပ္ျပီး α€˜ုα€›ားα€€ို α€žα€္α€–ိုα‚•α€œိုα€€္ေတာ့ α€˜ုα€›ားα€€ ေα€›ွα‚•α€€ေα€” ေျα€–းေျα€–းေα€œး ႂα€€ြေα€”ေα€•α€™α€Š့္ α€žူα€˜α€š္α€œိုα€™ွ α€œိုα€€္α€œိုα‚•α€™α€™ီႏိုင္ပါတဲ့၊ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œ α€€ "ေα€Ÿ့၊ α€›α€Ÿα€”္းၾကီး၊ α€™ေျပးα€”ဲα‚” ရပ္" α€œိုα‚”ေျပာေတာ့ α€˜ုα€›ားα€€ "ခ်α€…္α€žား ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œ၊ ငါα€€ား α€™ေျပး၊α€žα€„္α€žာ ေျပးα€žူျα€–α€…္α€žα€Š္" α€œို႔ထစခ်ီျပီး တရားေα€Ÿာျပေတာ့α€™ွ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œ ထကြၽတ္တရားα€›၊ ထမွားေတြျမင္ျပီး ေα€”ာင္တရပါα€žα€ဲ့၊

ထခုα€œဲ ဦးα€žိα€”္းα€…ိα€”္ α€”ဲα‚”α€…α€…္ထုပ္α€…ုα€Ÿာ α€€်ေα€”ာ္တိုα‚”ေခတ္α€›ဲ့ ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œေတြ ျα€–α€…္ေနပါျပီး၊ α€žူတိုα‚”α€›ဲ့ ဆရာၾကီး တရုတ္ထစိုးα€› ေα€€်နပ္ေα€…α€–ို႕ထတြα€€္ တိုင္းျα€•α€Š္α€™ွာ α€›ွိα€žα€™ွ် α€žα€…္ေတာေတြ၊ α€žα€ၱဳေတြ၊ α€žα€˜ာဝဓာတ္ေငြα‚”ေတြ၊ ေα€€်ာα€€္α€…ိα€™္းေတြ၊ ထဖိုးတန္ရတနာေတြ၊ ထားα€œုံးα€€ို ေပးထပ္ျပီးတဲ့ေα€”ာα€€္ ထခု တရုတ္ထစိုးα€›α€‘α€œိုα€€် α€™ိခင္α€§α€›ာဝတီα€€ို α€žα€္α€–ို႕ၾကိဳးα€…ားေနပါျပီ၊ α€’ီေခတ္α€™ွာေတာ့ ထမိα€§α€›ာဝတီ α€‘α€žα€္မခံα€›ေထာင္ α€˜ုα€›ားႂα€€ြျပီး တရားျပဖိုα‚”α€€ေတာ့ α€™ျα€–α€…္ႏိုင္ပါ၊ α€€်ေα€”ာ္တိုα‚” ျα€™α€”္α€™ာျα€•α€Š္α€žူα€™်ားကပဲ α€…α€Š္းα€œုံးα€Šီα€Šြတ္တဲ့ α€œႈပ္α€›ွားα€™ႈα€”ဲα‚• ထင္ထားျပျပီး ထဂၤုα€œိα€™ာα€œ ဦးα€žိα€”္းα€…ိα€”္ ထစိုးα€›α€€ ထမိα€§α€›ာဝတီα€€ို α€™α€žα€္ႏိုင္ေထာင္ တားဆီးၾကရမွာပါ၊

α€§α€›ာဝတီ ေတာ္α€œွα€”္ေα€›း စပါျပီ၊
ေα€œးα€…ားα€…ြာျဖင့္
ေထာင္ဒင္
α€…α€€္တင္α€˜ာ ၁၂၊ ၂၀၁၁
aungdin@uscampaignforburma.org
α€’ီႏွα€…္ထတြα€€္ ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေα€›း ၀န္α‚€α€€ီးα€Œာα€”α€€ ထုတ္ျပန္တဲ့ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းα€œြတ္α€œα€•္ခြင့္ဆို္င္α€›ာ ႏွα€…္ပတ္α€œα€Š္ ထစီရင္ခံα€…ာ ထဲα€™ွာ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€Ÿာ α€€α€™ာၻေα€•αšα€™ွာ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းα€œြတ္α€œα€•္ခြင့္ ထဆိုး၀ါးဆံုးခ်ိဳးေα€–ါα€€္တဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံα€…ာရင္းα€™ွာ α€™ႏွα€…္α€€α€œိုပဲ ပါ၀င္ေα€”ျပန္ပါα€α€š္။ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€™ွာ ၂၀၀၇ခုႏွα€…္ α€žံဃာ့ ထေα€›းထခင္းေα€”ာα€€္ပိုင္း α€—ုα€’αΆα€˜ာα€žာ α€˜ုα€”္းေတာ္α‚€α€€ီးေတြα€€ို ပိုα€™ုိα€–ိႏွိပ္α€œာၿပီး α€›ာα€”ဲ႔ခ်ီတဲ့ α€žံဃာေတြ ထက်α€₯္းα€€်ခံေနရဆဲ ျα€–α€…္α€žα€œို α€™ူα€…α€œα€„္ေတြျα€–α€…္တဲ့ α€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာေတြα€€ိုα€œα€Š္း ထခုထိ α€‘α€žိα€™ွတ္α€™ျပဳေα€žးပဲ ခရစ္α€šα€”္α€˜ာα€žာ၀င္ တုိင္းရင္းα€žားေတြ ထတြα€€္ဆိုα€œα€Š္း ထခြင့္ထေα€›း ရပိုင္ခြင့္ ေတြ ဆံုးα€›ံႈးα€™ႈ α€›ွိေα€”α€α€š္α€œိုα‚” ထစီရင္ခံα€…ာထဲα€™ွာ ေα€–αšျပထားပါα€α€š္။ ထျα€•α€Š့္ထစံုα€€ို ေα€’αšα€α€„္α€™်ိဳးα€žα€€္α€€ တင္ျပထားပါα€α€š္။

ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€€ို CPC α€œိုα‚”ေα€αšα€ဲ့ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›း α€œြတ္α€œα€•္ခြင့္ ထျပင္းထထန္ခ်ိဳးေα€–ါα€€္ေနတဲ့ ႏို္င္ငံထဲα€™ွာ ဆက္α€œα€€္α€‘α€Š့္α€žြင္းထားၿပီး α€’ီႏွα€…္ထတြα€€္ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏို္င္ငံထပါထ၀င္ α€…ီပီα€…ီ α€›ွα€…္ႏို္င္ငံα€›ဲ့ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းα€œြတ္α€œα€•္ခြင့္ ခ်ိဳးေα€–ါα€€္ေα€”α€™ႈ ထျα€•α€Š့္ထစံုα€€ို ထဂၤါေα€”α‚” ထုတ္ျပန္တဲ့ ထစီရင္ခံα€…ာα€™ွာ ေα€–αšျပထားα€α€š္α€œိုα‚” ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ႏို္င္ငံျခားေα€›း ၀န္α‚€α€€ီးα€Œာα€” α€’ီα€™ိုα€€ေα€›α€…ီ၊ α€œူ႔ထခြင့္ထေα€›းα€”ဲα‚” α€‘α€œုပ္α€žα€™ားဆို္င္α€›ာ α€œα€€္ေထာα€€္ႏိုင္ငံျခားေα€›း ၀န္α‚€α€€ီး α€™ိုα€€္α€€α€š္ ေပါ့α€…္္α€…α€”ာ(Michael Posner) α€€ေျပာပါα€α€š္။


“ႏို္င္ငံျခားေα€›း၀န္α‚€α€€ီး α€€α€œα€„္တန္α€€ ထထူးα€…ိတ္ပူα€–ိုα‚”ေα€€ာင္းတဲ့ ႏို္င္ငံထျα€–α€…္ ၈ ႏို္င္ငံα€€ို α€žα€္α€™ွတ္ခဲ့ပါα€α€š္။ α€’ီႏို္င္ငံေတြα€€ေတာ့ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာ၊ တရုတ္၊ ထီα€›α€…္ထရီးα€šား၊ ထီα€›α€”္၊ ေျα€™ာα€€္α€€ိုα€›ီးα€šား၊ ဆူα€’α€”္α€”ဲα‚” ထူα€‡α€˜α€€္α€€α€…္စတန္ ႏိုင္ငံေတြပါ။ α€’ီႏို္င္ငံေတြထားα€œံုးα€™ွာ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›း α€œြတ္α€œα€•္ခြင့္ α€™α€›ွိတာ ႏွα€…္α€€ာα€œ ၾကာျမင့္ေနၿပီျα€–α€…္α€žα€œို ဆိုးဆိုး၀ါး၀ါးα€œα€Š္း ခ်ိဳးေα€–ါα€€္ေနတာ ေတြ႔ရပါα€α€š္။ α€’ီခ်ိဳးေα€–ါα€€္α€™ႈေတြα€€ို ထစီရင္ခံα€…ာα€™ွာ ထျα€•α€Š့္ထစံုေα€–αšျပထားပါα€α€š္။”

ထစီရင္ခံα€…ာα€™ွာ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€”ဲα‚” ပတ္α€žα€€္ၿပီး ထပိုင္းေα€œးပိုင္းခြဲ တင္ျပထားပါα€α€š္။ ႏိုင္ငံတြင္း ေα€’α€žα€‘α€œိုα€€္ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›း α€€ိုးα€€ြα€š္α€™ႈα€€ို ဆန္းα€…α€…္ထားα€žα€œို α€—ုα€’αΆα€˜ာα€žာ၀င္ ၉၀ α€›ာခိုင္ႏံႈးα€›ွိၿပီး ခရစ္α€šα€”္α€”ဲα‚” α€™ူα€…α€œα€„္ ၄ α€›ာခိုင္ႏႈα€”္း α€…ီေα€œာα€€္α€›ွိတဲ့ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€™ွာ ထစိုးα€›α€›ဲ့ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းဆိုင္α€›ာ ေα€œးα€…ားα€œိုα€€္α€”ာα€™ႈα€”ဲα‚” α€œူ႔ထဖြဲα‚”α€‘α€…α€Š္းထတြင္း α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းဆိုင္α€›ာ ေα€œးα€…ား α€œိုα€€္α€”ာα€™ႈ ထေျခေα€”ေတြα€€ိုပါ

ခြဲျခားေα€–αšျပထားပါα€α€š္။


“ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€™ွာ αΎα€€α€Š့္α€™α€š္ဆိုရင္ ထခုထိ α€—ုα€’αΆα€˜ာα€žာ α€˜ုα€”္းေတာ္α‚€α€€ီးေတြ ေထာင္ထက်ခံေနရတာ ေတြα‚”α€›α€žα€œို ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€€ α€™ူα€…α€œα€„္ α€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာေတြα€€ိုα€œα€Š္း ထခုထိ α€‘α€žိα€™ွတ္ျပဳတာα€™်ိဳး α€™ေတြα‚”α€›ေα€žးပါα€˜ူး။”

α€™α€…α₯တာ ေပါ့α€…္α€”ာေျပာα€žြားတာပါ။ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာထစိုးရထေα€”α€”ဲα‚” α€—ုα€’αΆα€˜ာα€žာα€€ို ထထူးဦးα€…ားေပးၿပီး ထေα€œးထျမတ္ထားေၾကာင္း ျα€•α€žေα€”ေα€•α€™α€š့္ ၂၀၀၇ခုႏွα€…္ α€žံဃာ ထမ်ားထျပားα€€ို ႏွα€…္α€›ွα€Š္ေထာင္ဒဏ္ေတြ ခ်α€™ွတ္ၿပီး α€”α€š္ေ၀းထက်α€₯္းေထာင္ေတြ ပို႔တာα€›ွိα€žα€œို ထစီရင္ခံα€…ာေα€›းα€žားတဲ့ ၂၀၁၀ ဇူα€œိုင္α€œ ၁ α€›α€€္α€€ေα€” α€’ီဇင္α€˜ာα€œα€€ုα€”္ ထတြင္း α€žံဃာထပါး ၂၅၆ ပါး ထက်α€₯္းေထာင္ထဲα€™ွာ α€€်α€”္ေα€”ေα€žးα€α€š္α€œိုα‚” ဆိုပါα€α€š္။ α€žံဃာ့α€₯ေα€žွ်ာင္ျα€™α€”္α€™ာ α€›α€Ÿα€”္းေတာ္α€™်ားထဖြဲα‚” ထတြင္းေα€›းα€™ႈး ထရွင္ဂုဏိႆα€›α€€ေတာ့ α€œြတ္α€œα€•္α€…ြာα€€ိုးα€€ြα€š္α€™ႈα€€ို α€žα€„္ေပးတဲ့ α€—ုα€’αΆα€˜ာα€žာ α€›α€Ÿα€”္းေတာ္ေတြα€€ို ထက်α€₯္းခ်ထားတာ α€™α€žα€„့္ေα€œွ်ာ္α€˜ူးα€œိုα‚” α€™ိα€”္႔ပါα€α€š္။




“ျα€™α€”္α€™ာα€…α€…္ထစိုးα€›α€–α€™္းထားတာα€€ေတာ့ α€›ာဂဏန္းα€›ွိα€α€š္ေပါ့ α€˜α€š္α€žူα‚”α€™ွ ထဆက္α€‘α€žြα€š္α€™α€™ွီတဲ့ ထတြα€€္ α€…ာရင္းα€™ျပဳႏိုင္ တာေတြα€œα€Š္း ထမ်ားα‚€α€€ီးα€›ွိα€α€š္။ တခ်ိဳα‚•α€–α€™္းထားရင္းα€”ဲα‚” ပ်ံα€œြα€”္ေတာ္α€™ူα€žြားတာေတြα€œα€Š္း α€›ွိပါα€α€š္။ ၂၀၀၇ခုႏွα€…္α€€ α€žံဃာေတာ္ေတြα€€ ဦးေဆာင္ၿပီး ေမတၱာပိုα‚”α€α€š္၊ α€œα€™္းေα€œွ်ာα€€္α€α€š္။ α€’ီα€€ိα€…α₯ေတြα€”ဲ႔ပတ္α€žα€€္ၿပီး α€žံဃာေတာ္ေတြေနတဲ့ α€˜ုα€”္းေတာ္α‚€α€€ီးေα€€်ာင္းေတြα€€ို ပိတ္တာ၊ ၀ါတြင္း α€€ာα€œေတာင္ α€€ိုα€š့္ေα€€်ာင္းα€€ိုα€š္ α€™ျပန္ႏိုင္α€˜ူး။ ေတာα€€ α€žံဃာ ၿမိဳ႕မတက္ႏို္င္ေထာင္ ၿမိဳα‚•α€€α€žံဃာ ေတာα€™ျပန္ႏိုင္ေထာင္ ထမ်ိဳးα€™်ိဳးα€’ုကၑေပးတာα€›ွိα€α€š္။

α€˜ာα€™ွ ထပစ္α€™α€›ွိတဲ့ ဆရာေတာ္ေတြ ဦးဂမၻီα€šα€‘α€•ါထ၀င္ တျခားဆရာေတာ္α€žံဃာေတြα€€ို α€–α€™္းထားတာα€Ÿာ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းα€€ို ထမ်ိဳးα€™်ိဳး ပိတ္ပင္ တားဆီးေနတာ ျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။ ျငိα€™္းခ်α€™္းတဲ့ α€˜ာα€žာ α€žာα€žα€”ာထြα€”္းα€€ားတဲ့ တိုင္းျα€•α€Š္α€™ွာ α€’ီα€œို ျα€–α€…္α€α€š္ဆိုတာ α€›ွα€€္α€–ိုα‚”α€œα€Š္းေα€€ာင္းပါα€α€š္။ α€’ါေတြα€€ိုရပ္တန္းကရပ္α€–ိုα‚” တိုα€€္တြα€”္းပါα€α€š္။”

ရခိုင္ျα€•α€Š္α€”α€š္α€™ွာ ထမ်ားဆံုးေနထုိင္တဲ့ α€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ ထပါထ၀င္ α€™ူα€…α€œα€„္ေတြ ထျပင္ ခရစ္α€šα€”္ေα€›ာ၊ α€—ုα€’αΆα€˜ာα€žာ α€žံဃာေတြα€€ိုပါ α€–ိႏွိပ္ ခ်ဳပ္ခ်α€š္ေနတဲ့ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာထစိုးရထေα€”α€”ဲα‚” ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ ထစိုးα€›α€›ဲ့ ထခု ထစီရင္ခံα€…ာα€Ÿာ α€’ီα€™ိုα€€ေα€›α€…ီα€œα€™္းα€€ို ေα€œွ်ာα€€္α€œွα€™္းေα€”α€α€š္ဆိုတဲ့ ေျပာၾကားခ်α€€္ေတြα€€ို α€…ိα€”္ေα€αšေα€”α€α€š္α€œိုα‚” ျα€™α€”္α€™ာ α€™ူα€…α€œα€„္α€‘α€…α€Š္းထ႐ံုး ထေထြေထြ ထတြင္းေα€›းα€™ႉး ဦးေထာင္တင္α€€ေျပာပါα€α€š္။


“ျα€™α€”္α€™ာျα€•α€Š္α€™ွာα€€ α€™ူα€…α€œα€„္ျα€–α€…္ျခင္းα€€ိုα€€ ထစα₯α€œာα€™္α€˜ာα€žာ α€€ိုးα€€ြα€š္α€α€š္ဆိုတာα€”ဲα‚” α€’ီα€œူα€Ÿာ တုိင္းရင္းα€žားα€™α€Ÿုတ္ေတာ့α€˜ူး။ ႏိုင္ငံα€žား α€™α€Ÿုတ္ေတာ့α€˜ူးဆိုတဲ့ ပံုα€…ံα€™်ိဳးျα€–α€…္ေα€”α€α€š္။ ထထူးα€žျဖင့္ α€’ီ ႐ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာ α€œူα€™်ိဳးေတြဆိုရင္ ႏိုင္ငံα€žားα€Ÿုတ္α€α€š္ α€™α€Ÿုတ္α€˜ူး ဆိုတဲ့ ထဆင့္ထက္ေတာင္ α€™α€€ေတာ့α€˜ဲα€”ဲα‚” α€’ီα€œူα€žားα€›ဲ့ ျα€–α€…္α€α€Š္ခြင့္ေတြα€™ွာပါ ထဖိႏွိပ္ခံα€›α€α€š္။ α€₯ပမာ ထရြα€š္ေα€›ာα€€္α€œိုα‚” ထိα€™္ေထာင္ျပဳခ်င္ရင္ ေတာင္α€™ွ ထိα€™္ေထာင္ျပဳα€œိုα‚” မရတာ၊ α€žိα€”္းα€”ဲα‚” ခ်ီတဲ့ α€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာေတြα€Ÿာ α€€်α€”္းα€™ာေα€›းထတြα€€္ ေဆးα€€ုα€™α€š္ဆိုရင္ ေဆးα€€ုα€œိုα‚”α€™α€› တေα€”α€›ာα€€ တေα€”α€›ာα€žြား α€œိုα‚”α€™α€›၊ α€•α€Šာα€žα€„္α€œိုα‚” α€™α€›၊ α€‘α€œုပ္ထကိုင္ α€›ွာေα€–ြα€œိုα‚”α€™α€›၊ α€žူတိုα‚”α€€ို α€†α€š္α€…ုႏွα€…္ေပါင္းα€™်ားα€…ြာ α€…ီα€…α€…္α€œိုα‚” မၿပီးႏိုင္ေα€žးα€˜ူးα€œား။ α€’ီα€€ေα€”α‚” α€šူႏိုα€€္တက္ စတိတ္ကထုတ္ျပန္တဲ့ α€’ီ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းဆိုင္α€›ာ ထဖိႏွိပ္ဆံုးႏိုင္ငံα€™ွာ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာ ႏို္င္ငံဆက္α€œα€€္ပါα€›ွိေα€”ျခင္း α€žα€Š္ပင္α€œွ်င္ α€’ီα€€ေα€”α‚” α€’ီα€™ိုα€€ေα€›α€…ီႏိုင္ငံα€α€Š္ေဆာα€€္ေနပါα€α€š္ ဆိုတဲ့ α€žα€™αΌα€α‚€α€€ီး ဦးα€žိα€”္းα€…ိα€”္ ထစိုးα€›α€€ို ေα€™းခြα€”္းထုတ္α€œိုα€€္α€α€š္ α€œိုα‚”ေတာင္ ထင္α€™ိပါα€α€š္။”




ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€™ွာ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းα€œြတ္α€œα€•္ခြင့္α€›ွိၿပီး α€œူ႔ထခြင့္ထေα€›းα€”ဲα‚” α€’ီα€™ိုα€€ေα€›α€…ီေα€›း တိုးတက္α€œာေα€…α€–ိုα‚” ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ ထစိုးα€› α€€ိုα€š္α€…ားα€œွα€š္ေတြα€Ÿာ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာထစိုးα€› တာ၀န္α€›ွိα€žူေတြ၊ α€˜ာα€žာေα€›းေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြ။ NGO ထဖြဲα‚”α€‘α€…α€Š္းေတြα€”ဲα‚” ထခါα€žα€„့္တုိင္း ေတြ႔ဆံုေဆြးေႏြးေα€”α€žα€œို α‚α€α€αˆα€ုႏွα€…္ ကစၿပီး ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္α€œႊတ္ေတာ္ထမတ္ တြα€”္α€œα€”္းတိုα‚”α€…္ (Tom Lantos Block Burmese Junta Anti- Democratic Efforts Act) α€›ဲ့ JADE ထက္α€₯ပေα€’α€”ဲα‚” ခ်α€™ွတ္ ထေα€›းα€šူ ေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္ေα€”α€α€š္α€œုα‚”ိα€œα€Š္း ထစီရင္ခံα€…ာα€™ွာ ေα€–αšျပထားပါα€α€š္။




Credit : VOA Burmese
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α€šေα€”α‚”α€€α€™ာၻေα€•αšα€ြင္α€žα€˜ာဝေα€˜းဒဏ္၊ႏုိင္ငံံေα€›းေα€˜းဒဏ္ေၾကာင့္α€œူα‚”α€‘α€žα€€္ေပါင္းα€™်ားα€…ြာဆုံးα€›ွဳံးα€žြားျခင္း၊ ခုိα€€ုိးα€›ာα€™ဲ့α€˜α€α€‘ျα€–α€…္α€žုိα‚”ေα€›ာα€€္α€›ွိα€žြားျခင္း၊ႏုိင္ငံα€™ဲ့α€˜α€α€‘ျα€–α€…္α€žုိα‚”ေα€›ာα€€္α€›ွိα€žြားျခင္းတုိα‚”α€€ုိရင္ဆုိင္ေနပါα€žα€Š္၊၊
ကၽြα€”္မတုိα‚”α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€œူα€™်ဳိးα€™်ားα€žα€Š္α€œα€Š္းႏုိင္ငံေα€›းေα€˜းဒဏ္ေၾကာင့္ႏွα€…္ေပါင္းα€™်ားα€…ြာα€’ုကၑမ်ဳိးα€…ုံခံα€…ားေα€”α€› ပါα€žα€Š္။
ျα€™α€”္α€™ာ့ႏုိင္ငံေα€›းေျပာင္းα€œဲတုိင္းα€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာေတြα€€ေျမဇာပင္ျα€–α€…္α€›α€žα€Š္α€™ွာထစα€₯္α€‘α€œာα€€ဲ့α€žုိα‚”ျα€–α€…္ေနပါα€žα€Š္။
တရားα€™ွ်တမွဳα€™α€›ွိေα€žာႏုိင္ငံေα€›းထဓြα€”့္α€›ွα€Š္ေα€”α€žα€™ွ်α€€ာα€œα€•α€္α€œုံး α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€™်ားα€žα€Š္ႏုိင္ငံα€™ဲ့α€˜α€ျဖင့္ α€’ုကၑမ်ိဳးα€…ုံ ခံα€…ားေα€”α€›α€™ွာα€§α€€α€”္α€™α€œြဲပါ၊

α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာတုိα‚”α€žα€Š္ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏုိင္ငံတြင္α€œြα€”္ခဲ့ေα€žာႏွα€…္ေပါင္းα€™်ားα€…ြာα€€α€α€Š္းကပင္ ေနထိုင္αΎα€€α€žူα€™်ားျα€–α€…္ပါα€žα€Š္။ ႏုိင္ငံα€žားထခြင့္ထေα€›းα€™်ားα€œα€Š္းα€›α€›ွိခံα€…ားခဲ့ပါα€žα€Š္။ ေျα€™α€”ိα€™့္α€›ာα€œွံα€…ုိα€€္ဆုိα€žα€€ဲ့α€žုိα‚”α€œူα€”α€Š္းα€…ုα€™်ားျα€–α€…္ေα€žာ α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ ဂ်ာα€™်ားα€€ုိα€žာα€˜α€‚ါၤα€œီα€Ÿုေα€αšα€†ုိα€žα€™ုတ္ျပီး၊ ထမ်ိဳးα€™်ိဳးထႏုိင္α€€်င့္ေနပါα€žα€Š္၊၊ α€œူα€žားα€…α€…္α€…α€…္ျα€–α€…္ပါα€œ်α€€္ α€œူ႔ထခြင့္ ထေα€›းဆုံးα€›ွဳံးေα€”α€žα€Š္α€™ွာ ရင္α€”ာα€…α€›ာေα€€ာင္းα€œွပါα€žα€Š္၊၊ α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာတိုα‚”ေနထုိင္α€›ာေα€’α€žα€žα€Š္ α€˜α€‚ၤα€œားေα€’့α€›ွ္α‚•ု ႏုိင္ငံα€”ွင့္α€”α€š္α€”ိα€™ိတ္ခ်င္းထိစပ္ေα€”ေα€žာေၾကာင့္ α€˜α€‚ၤါα€œီα€Ÿုα€žα€္α€™ွတ္α€›α€™α€Š္ဆုိပါα€€ တျခားα€”α€š္စပ္α€™ွာေနထိုင္ေα€žာα€œူα€™်ိဳးထာα€œုံးα€€ုိα€™α€Š္α€žုိα‚”α€žα€္α€™ွတ္ေα€αšေα€αšα€™α€Š္α€”α€Š္း။α€€α€™ာၻ႔ႏုိင္ငံα€‘α€žီးα€žီးα€™ွာα€œα€Š္း α€”α€š္စပ္တေα€œွ်ာα€€္ေနထုိင္ေα€žာα€žူα€™်ားα€…ြာα€›ိွပါα€žα€Š္၊၊α€”α€š္စပ္တြင္ေနထုိင္ေα€žာေၾကာင့္တဖက္ႏုိင္ငံα€žားα€Ÿုα€…ြပ္α€…ြဲ
ေα€”α€žα€Š္α€™ွာ α€šုတၱိ α€™α€›ွိပါ၊
ကၽြα€”္မတုိα‚” α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€œူα€™်ဳိးα€™်ားα€žα€Š္ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္ထေα€•αšα€žα€…α₯ာα€›ွိၿပီး၊ ႏိုင္ငံတာဝန္α€€ိုα€œα€Š္းထမ္းေဆာင္ခြင့္α€›α€›ွိခဲ့ပါ α€žα€Š္။ α€™α€”္α€™ာα€”ိုင္ငံတြင္α€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€œူα€™်ဳိးα€™α€›ွိပါ၊မၾကားα€˜ူးပါα€Ÿုေျပာဆိုေα€”ျခင္းα€™ွာα€œိα€™္α€œα€Š္α€œွα€Š့္α€–်ားေα€”ျခင္းα€žာ ျα€–α€…္ပါα€žα€Š္။၁၉၆၁ခုα€”ွα€…္ေα€™α€œ(၁၅)α€›α€€္ေα€”့α€™ွα€…၍α€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€œူα€™်ဳိးα€…ုα€€ိုα€œူα€”α€Š္းα€…ုတခုထျα€–α€…္α€‘α€žိထမွတ္ျပဳα€œ်α€€္ α€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€˜ာα€žာα€€ိုျα€™α€”္α€™ာ့α€‘α€žံα€™ွတပတ္α€œ်င္(၃)ၾကိα€™္α€™ွα€”္α€™ွα€”္α€‘α€žံα€œႊင့္ခဲ့α€žα€Š္α€€ိုေထာα€€္α€›ွဳα€œွ်င္α€™α€Š္α€žူα€™ွ် ျငင္းα€”ိုင္α€™α€Š္α€™α€Ÿုတ္ပါ။
ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္၏α€™ူဝါα€’၊ α€žေα€˜ာတရားေျပာင္းα€œဲα€žြားα€žα€Š္ႏွင့္ တၿပိဳင္α€”α€€္α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာတုိ႔ထခြင့္ထေα€›းα€™်ား ဆံုးα€›ွဳံးα€žြား ပါα€žα€Š္၊၊ α€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€œူα€™်ဳိးα€™်ားထား ေα€™ာင္းထုတ္ေα€›းα€…ီα€™ံခ်α€€္ထျα€–α€…္ နဂါးမင္းα€…ီα€™ံခ်α€€္α€€ို α€›α€Š္α€›ြα€š္ခ်α€€္ ေα€€ာင္းေα€€ာင္း ျဖင့္ထကြα€€္ဆင္α€€ာတဖက္ႏုိင္ငံα€žုိ့ထြα€€္ေျပးα€žြားေထာင္α€œုပ္ေဆာင္ခဲ့ပါα€žα€Š္။ α€šα€„္းα€…ီα€™ံခ်α€€္ ေထာင္ျမင္ေα€›းထတြα€€္α‚€α€€ဳိတင္α€…ီα€™ံα€™ွဳα€™်ားထျα€–α€…္ထေထာα€€္ထထားေျα€™ာα€€္α€™်ားα€…ြာေတြα‚”α€›ွိα€”ိုင္ပါα€žα€Š္။ထိုα€…ီα€™ံခ်α€€္၏ထဓိα€€α€›α€Š္α€›ြα€š္α€™ွာα€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာတို႔ထားα€”ိုင္ငံα€™ဲ့α€˜α€ေα€›ာα€€္α€›ွိေα€›းပင္ျα€–α€…္ပါα€žα€Š္။
α€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€™်ားα€™ွာႏုိင္ငံα€™ဲ့α€˜α€α€žိုα‚”ေα€›ာα€€္α€›ွိျခင္းႏွင့့္ထတူ α€žα€˜ာဝေα€˜းဒဏ္ႏုိင္ငံα€žားα€™α€Ÿုတ္ေα€žာေၾကာင့္ ထႏုိင္ α€€်င့္ေα€…ာ္α€€ားα€™ႈဒဏ္၊α€…ားဝတ္ေα€”ေα€›းဒဏ္α€…α€žα€Š့္ဒဏ္ထမ်ဳိးα€™်ိဳးျဖင့္α€‘α€œူးα€‘α€œဲခံα€…ားေနရပါα€žα€Š္၊၊ႏုိင္ငံα€™ဲ့α€˜α€ျဖင့္ α€˜α€š္ေα€œာα€€္ၾကာၾကာေα€”α€›α€™α€Š္α€”α€Š္း၊။
ထမွα€”္တရားα€€ုိျမတ္ႏုိးေα€žာα€œူα€œူခ်င္းα€Šွာတာေတာα€€္ထားၿပီးα€…α€…္α€™ွα€”္ေα€žာα€’ီα€™ုိα€€ေα€›α€…ီα€€ိုα€œိုα€œားေတာင့္တေα€”
ေα€žာα€’ီα€™ုိα€€ေα€›α€…ီထင္ထားα€…ုα€™်ားα€žα€Š္α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာထေα€›းα€€ုိပါဝင္α€€ူα€Šီေပးα€™α€Š္α€Ÿုကၽြα€”္မတုိα‚”α€šုံαΎα€€α€Š္ပါα€žα€Š္၊၊
ဆံုးα€›ွံဳးα€™ႈα€žα€Š္ေထာင္ျမင္α€™ႈထတြကထင္ထားတစ္ရပ္ျα€–α€…္ေၾကာင့္α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„α€‚်ာα€™်ားα€žα€Š္α€œα€Š္းဆက္α€œα€€္α‚€α€€ဳိးα€…ားα€› α€₯ီးα€™ွာျα€–α€…္ပါα€žα€Š္။ ေထာင္ပြဲဆိုα€žα€Š္α€™ွာα€œူα€žားတို႔ထတြα€€္α€žာျα€–α€…္ပါα€žα€Š္၊၊
 
α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာထေα€›း ….. α€’ို႔ထေα€›း
 
ေα€’αšα€α€„္α€œွ။
α€›α€€္α€…ြဲ။ ။၂၀၁၁ ခုႏွα€…္ α€…α€€္α€α€˜ၤာα€œ (၁၀) α€›α€€္။

Author Daw Khin Hla is Retired Senior High School Teacher in Rangoon , Burma. She can be reached at dkhksa@gmail.com

ထခင္ေထးေα€€်ာ္

α€”ီေα€€ာင္းပါα€šα€„့္α€œားα€‘α€žူα€€ေα€‚α€œွပါေα€›..α€‘α€˜ူေခ်α€€ေα€‚α€œွပါေα€›..ေဒတီးျခင္းα€€ိုထခင္α€˜ီα€˜ီα€…ီα€™ွာဆိုခစြာα€€ိုထကၽႊα€”္α€›ို့ၾကားα€œိုα€€္ရပါေα€›၊

ရခို္င္ျပီα€žားရခုိ္င္α€™်ိဳးခ်α€…္α€…ိတ္ထျα€•α€Š့္α€›ိွα€”ိα€”္α€žူကဇာျα€–α€…္α€œို.ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္α€”ိဳင္ငံα€žားခံα€šူα€œိုα€€္α€…ြာα€œα€Š္းα€…α€₯္းα€…ားα€œုိ႕မရပါ၊နဂိုကပင္ရခုိ္င္ျပီα€žားα€™α€…α€…္α€œုိα‚•ျα€–α€…္ပါα€šα€„့္၊
ရခုိ္င္α€…α€€ားေျပာေဂ၊ထေα€”ာα€€္α€žားα€‘α€žံထြα€€္ေα€’၊α€—α€™ာα€…α€€ားေျပာေဂေα€œေα€žာα€—α€™ာα€‘α€žံα€…α€…္α€…α€…္မထြα€€္၊ဇာ ျα€–α€…္α€œုိα‚•α€œα€Š္း၊ ထခင္α€˜α€‚ၤα€œီရခုိ္္င္α€žားျα€–α€…္α€œုိα‚•α€™α€Ÿုတ္ပါα€œား၊ထရုပ္α€€α€œα€Š္းα€˜α€‚ၤα€œီထရုပ္α€€ံα€™ေα€€ာင္းα€œုိ႕ထင ္ပါေα€› α€…ိတ္ထားα€™ေα€€ာင္းα€œုိα‚•၊α€€ံα€™ေα€€ာင္းα€…ြာပါ၊

α€œူα€™်ိဳးေα€›းα€™ုα€”္းတီးα€…ိတ္α€€ုိဇာျα€–α€…္α€œို႕ဆြပီးေα€”α€…ြာပါα€œα€Š္းα€›ိုα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€”ွင့္ရခုိင္ထဓိα€€α€›ုα€”္းျα€–α€…္ေထာင္α€–α€”္တီးေα€”α€…ြာα€œားရခုိင္α€žားတိေတာင္ရခုိင္ျပီကထြα€€္ျပီးေဂနိα€”္ေα€”α€›ေα€›α€™α€Ÿုတ္ပါα€œား၊

α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€”ွင္႕ရခုိင္တိα€›α€”္α€žူူα€€α€™α€Ÿုတ္ပါ၊တျα€™ီα€α€Š္းα€™ွာα€”ီα€œာα€…ြာα€€ေဂါင္းၾကာပါα€—်ာα€š္α€™α€œာ း၊
ထကၽြα€”္α€›ုိα‚•α€€α€˜α€‚ၤα€œီα€œုံးα€α€™α€Ÿုတ္ပါရခုိင္ျပီα€™ွာα€™ႊီးα€–ြားခေα€›α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€…α€…္α€…α€…္ပါα€›ာ၊၊ထခင္ေထးေα€€်ာ္α€€ုိေျပာခ်င္α€…ြာကကမၻာတီα€”ိα€”္α€žေα€›ြα‚•α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာဆုိα€…ြာα€Ÿိα€”ိα€”္α€–ုိα‚•α€›ာ၊α€…ိတ္α€™ ပူူပါေဂ႕၊၊


ထရက္α€žα€™ားေထးခ်α€™္းα€€α€žူα‚•α€€ုိα€žူေတာင္ထီးခ်α€™္းα€™α€”ိα€”္တတ္α€œုိ႕ထရက္α€žα€™ားα€˜α€ျα€–α€…္α€œားα€Ÿα€…ြာα€™α€œား ၊α€šα€„္႕ထတြα€€္α€”ွင္α‚•ေျပာα€”ိα€”္α€…ြာα€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာထေၾကာင္းα€™α€…α€₯္းα€…ားပါေα€‚α‚•α€œုိα‚•၊α€žα€α€„္းα€…ာα€™ွာေထး
ခ ်α€™္းကထစုိးရပုα€”္α€€α€”္α€–ုိ႕ၾကိုးα€…ားα€”ီ


ေရဆုိျပီးα€–α€™္းထားα€…ြာα€€ိုျမင္α€œုိα€€္ပါေα€›၊ဓါတ္ပုံပါျမင္α€–ူးပါေα€›၊၊α€žα€™ုိင္းဆရာα€›ဲα‚•α€›ာဇဝ င္ေα€€ာင္းတပုα€’္ပါα€œား၊၊
ထခုα€€α€™ာၻၾကီးα€€α€‘α€šα€„္ပုိင္α€™α€›ိွ႕ပါα€—်ာα€š္၊၊ေα€’ေα€œာα€€္တုိးတက္α€”ိα€”္ေα€›ေခတ္α€™ွာထတီးႊထေα€αšα€‘α€šူထ ဆတိα€œα€Š္းတုိးတက္ေခတ္α€™ီွα€–ုိα‚•α€œုိထပ္ပါေα€›၊၊ 

α€‘α€šα€„္α€€α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာα€™α€Ÿိα€œုိα‚•ေျပာα€›ုံα€”ွင္α‚•α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာတိေပ်ာα€€္α€œားα€Ÿα€…ြာα€™α€Ÿုတ္၊၊α€‘α€šα€„္α€œα€Š္းα€Ÿိခ ေα€›၊ထခုα€œα€Š္းα€›ုွိα€”ိα€”္ေα€›..ေα€”ာα€€္α€œα€Š္းα€›ွိα€”ိα€”္α€–ုိα‚•α€›ာ၊


α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာထေα€›းထက်ြα€”္α€›ုိ႕ထေα€›းပါ၊α€›ုိα€Ÿα€„္ဂ်ာတာဝန္ထက်ြα€”္α€›ုိα‚•α€šူα€”ိုင္ပါေα€›။ တျခားα€œူα€€ုိα€™α€”ာα€œုိေဂ၊α€€ုိα€š္α‚•α€™ွာα€œα€Š္းထက်ိဳးα€›ွိα€–ုိα‚•α€™α€Ÿုတ္ဆုိα€…ြာထခင္α€›ုိα‚•α€™ွာα€œα€Š္းα€›ွိα€ž င့္ပါေα€›၊၊


α€™ုα€’ိတာပြားα€”ိုင္ၾကပါေα€…၊၊

ေα€’αšေα€™α€šုခင္ (ရခုိင္ျα€•α€Š္α€žူ)

Author Daw Khin Hla is Retired Senior High School Teacher in Rangoon , Burma.
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Original letter , please click on image to view larger



6505
ျα€•α€Š္α€žူα‚”α€œႊတ္ေတာ္α€₯α€€ၠα‚’ α€žူα€›α€₯ီးေα€›ႊα€™α€”္းႏွင့္ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏုိင္ငံဆိုင္α€›ာ ထထူးα€€ုိα€š္α€…ားα€œွα€š္ Mr. Derek Mitchell
ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္α€€ ခန္႔ထပ္ထားေα€žာ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္α€›ာ ထထူးα€€ိုα€š္α€…ားα€œွα€š္ Mr. Derek Mitchell  α€žα€Š္ α€…α€€္တင္α€˜ာα€œ ၉ α€›α€€္ေα€”α‚”α€€ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€žိုα‚” ပထမဆုံးထႀကိα€™္ α€œာေα€›ာα€€္α€œα€Š္ပတ္ခဲ့α€žα€Š္။
ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံထေα€›းႏွင့္ ပတ္α€žα€€္၍ ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္α€›α€”္ ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္α€€ ပထမဆုံးထႀကိα€™္ ခန္႔ထပ္ခဲ့ေα€žာ α€™α€…္α€›ွα€š္α€žα€Š္ α€…α€€္တင္ α€˜ာα€œ ၉ α€›α€€္ေα€”α‚”α€€ ေα€”ျα€•α€Š္ေတာ္တြင္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေα€›း ၀န္α‚€α€€ီးα€Œာα€” ျα€•α€Š္ေထာင္α€…ု ၀န္α‚€α€€ီး α€₯ီး၀ဏၰေα€™ာင္α€œြင္ ႏွင့္ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့α€žα€Š္။ α€™α€…္α€›ွα€š္α€žα€Š္ ထမ်ဳိးα€žား α€œႊတ္ေတာ္၊ ျα€•α€Š္α€žူα‚”α€œႊတ္ေတာ္ α€₯α€€ၠα‚’α€™်ား ထပါထ၀င္ ထျခား ထိပ္တန္း တာ၀န္α€›ွိα€žူα€™်ားႏွင့္ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့ၿပီး α€…α€€္တင္α€˜ာα€œ ၁၀ α€›α€€္ေα€”α‚”α€€ α€›α€”္α€€ုα€”္α€žိုα‚” α€žြားေα€›ာα€€္ခဲ့α€žα€Š္။


ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ထစိုးα€›၏ ပထမဆုံး ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္α€›ာ ထထူးα€€ိုα€š္α€…ားα€œွα€š္ႏွင့္ α€™ူ၀ါα€’ေα€›းα€›ာ α€Šႇိႏႈိင္းေα€›းα€™ွဴး Mr. Derek Mitchell  ႏွင့္ထဖြဲα‚•α€žα€Š္ ထမ်ဳိးα€žားα€œႊတ္ေတာ္ α€€ိုα€š္α€…ားα€œွα€š္α€™်ား ထပါထ၀င္ ျα€•α€Š္ေထာင္α€…ု α€œႊတ္ေတာ္α€”ာα€šα€€ α€₯ီးခင္ေထာင္ျမင့္ထား α€…α€€္တင္α€˜ာα€œ ၉ α€›α€€္ေα€”α‚” α€”ံα€”α€€္ ၉ α€”ာα€›ီ ၁၅ α€™ိα€”α€…္တြင္ ထမ်ဳိးα€žားα€œႊတ္ေတာ္ α€§α€Š့္ခန္းα€™၌ α€œာေα€›ာα€€္ ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့ျခင္းျα€–α€…္ၿပီး ေတြ႕ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးα€™ႈα€™ွာ α€”ာα€›ီ၀က္ၾကာျမင့္ခဲ့α€žα€Š္။


ထိုα‚”ေα€”ာα€€္ Mr. Derek Mitchell  α€₯ီးေဆာင္α€žα€Š့္ ထဖြဲα‚•α€žα€Š္ α€šα€„္းေα€”α‚” α€”ံα€”α€€္ ၁၁ α€”ာα€›ီတြင္ ျα€•α€Š္α€žူα‚”α€œႊတ္ေတာ္α€›ွိ ျα€•α€Š္α€žူα‚”α€œႊတ္ေတာ္ α€₯α€€ၠα‚’၏ ခန္းမတြင္ ျα€•α€Š္α€žူα‚”α€œႊတ္ေတာ္α€₯α€€ၠα‚’ႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ဆံုခဲ့ေၾကာင္း α€žα€α€„္းα€›α€›ွိပါα€žα€Š္။ α€šα€„္းα€žိုα‚”ေတြ႕ဆံုα€›ာတြင္ ျα€•α€Š္α€žူα‚”α€œႊတ္ေတာ္ α€’ုတိα€šα€₯α€€ၠα‚’ α€₯ီးα€”ႏၡေα€€်ာ္α€…ြာႏွင့္ ျα€•α€Š္α€žူα‚”α€œႊတ္ေတာ္ α€€ုိα€š္α€…ားα€œွα€š္ ထခ်ဳိα‚•α€œα€Š္း တက္ေα€›ာα€€္ခဲ့ၿပီး ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏုိင္ငံ၏ ႏုိင္ငံေα€›းျα€–α€…္ေα€•αš ေျပာင္းα€œဲα€™ႈ၊ တုိးတက္α€™ႈျα€–α€…္α€…α€₯္α€™်ား ႏွင့္ပတ္α€žα€€္၍ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏုိင္ငံထေα€•αš ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ႏုိင္ငံ၏ α€žေα€˜ာထားα€€ို ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း α€žိα€›α€žα€Š္။


α€™α€…္α€›ွα€š္α€žα€Š္ α€…α€€္တင္α€˜ာα€œ ၁၂ α€›α€€္ေန႔တြင္ ေα€’αšေထာင္ဆန္းα€…ုαΎα€€α€Š္ႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ဆုံα€›α€”္ α€…ီα€…α€₯္ထားα€žα€Š္။ α€™α€…္α€›ွα€š္α€žα€Š္ ထာα€›ွႏွင့္ ပတ္α€žα€€္၍ α€™ူ၀ါα€’ေα€›းα€›ာα€™်ားတြင္ ထေတြ႕ထႀကဳံ ရင့္α€€်α€€္α€žူတစ္α€₯ီး ျα€–α€…္ၿပီး ဇြα€”္α€œα€€ ထထက္α€œႊတ္ေတာ္တြင္ ၾကားα€”ာα€…α€₯္α€€ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာေခါင္းေဆာင္α€™်ားႏွင့္ တိုα€€္႐ိုα€€္ ေတြ႕ဆုံα€žြားα€›α€”္ α‚€α€€ိဳးပမ္းα€™α€Š္ျα€–α€…္ေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကား ခဲ့α€žα€Š္။ α€žိုα‚”ေα€žာ္α€œα€Š္း ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ ထေα€”ျဖင့္ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံေα€›း ခ်α€₯္းကပ္α€›ာတြင္ ေျပာင္းα€žာျပင္α€žာ α€›ွိα€žြားα€™α€Š္ျα€–α€…္ေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကားထားα€žα€Š္။  α€žα€™αΌα€ေα€Ÿာင္း ေဂ်ာ့α€’α€—α€œ်ဴα€˜ုα€›ွ္α€œα€€္ ထက္တြင္ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္α€›ာ ထထူး α€€ိုα€š္α€…ားα€œွα€š္ခန္႔ထပ္α€›α€”္ α€…ီα€…α€₯္ခဲ့ေα€žာ္α€œα€Š္း α‚α€α€αˆ ခုႏွα€…္တြင္α€™ွ ထို α€›ာထူးα€€ို ခန္႔ထားခြင့္ α€›α€›ွိခဲ့α€žα€Š္။ α€žိုα‚”ေα€žာ္α€œα€Š္း ႏုိင္ငံေα€›း ထျငင္းပြားα€™ႈα€™်ားေၾကာင့္ ထိုထခ်ိα€”္α€€ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏုိင္ငံဆိုင္α€›ာ α€€ိုα€š္α€…ားα€œွα€š္α€€ို မခန္α‚” ထပ္ႏုိင္ခဲ့ေပ။ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွα€…္တြင္ α€žα€™αΌα€ α€˜ားα€›α€€္ထိုα€˜ားα€™ားထဖြဲα‚•α€€ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€€ို ထထီးα€€်α€”္ထား၍ α€›α€Š္α€›ြα€š္ေα€žာ ပိတ္ဆို႔ထေα€›းα€šူα€™ႈα€™်ား α€žα€Š္ မထိေα€›ာα€€္ေၾကာင္း α€žုံးα€žα€•္ခဲ့ၿပီးေα€”ာα€€္ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္α€›ာ ထေα€›းα€€ို α€€ိုင္တြα€š္α€™ႈေျပာင္းα€œဲ ခဲ့α€žα€Š္။
α€™α€…္α€›ွα€š္α€žα€Š္ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏုိင္ငံα€žိုα‚” α€™α€œာေα€›ာα€€္α€™ီ စင္α€€ာပူ စထရိတ္တိုင္းα€™္α€žα€α€„္းα€…ာႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့α€›ာ တြင္ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းα€œဲα€™ႈα€™်ား ေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္α€›α€”္ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏုိင္ငံα€€ ဆက္α€œα€€္ ေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္α€™α€Š္ဆိုပါα€€ ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ α€€α€œα€Š္း တုံα‚”ျပန္ေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္α€›α€”္ α€‘α€žα€„့္α€›ွိေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကားခဲ့α€žα€Š္။

ျα€™α€”္α€™ာထစိုးα€›α€žα€…္α€žα€Š္ ၿပီးခဲ့α€žα€Š့္တစ္ပတ္α€€ α€œူ႔ထခြင့္ထေα€›း ေα€€ာ္α€™α€›ွင္တစ္ရပ္ α€–ြဲα‚•α€…α€Š္းα€α€Š္ေထာင္ ခဲ့ၿပီး ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းα€œဲα€™ႈα€™်ား ေဆာင္α€›ြα€€္α€›α€”္ထတြα€€္ α‚€α€€ိဳးပမ္းခဲ့α€žα€Š္။

α€™α€…္α€›ွα€š္ထေα€”ျဖင့္ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏုိင္ငံ၌ α€’ီα€™ုိα€€α€›α€€္တစ္ျပဳ ျပင္ေျပာင္းα€œဲေα€›း α€œုပ္ငန္းα€…α€₯္α€™်ား α€™α€Š္α€€ဲ့α€žိုα‚”α€›ွိα€žα€Š္α€€ို ေတြα‚•ျမင္α€›ႏိုင္α€™α€Š္ျα€–α€…္ေၾကာင္း ေα€œ့α€œာα€žုံးα€žα€•္α€žူα€™်ားα€€ ေျပာၾကားခဲ့α€žα€Š္။ α€šα€ုႏွα€…္ထတြင္း၌ ျα€™α€”္α€™ာႏိုင္ငံα€žိုα‚” ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ ထထက္α€œႊတ္ေတာ္ ထမတ္ ဂြၽန္α€™α€€္α€€ိα€”္း α€œာေα€›ာα€€္ခဲ့ၿပီးေα€”ာα€€္ α€™α€…္α€›ွα€š္၏ ခရီးα€…α€₯္α€žα€Š္ α€’ုတိα€šေျα€™ာα€€္ ထေα€™α€›ိα€€α€”္ တာ၀န္α€›ွိα€žူတစ္α€₯ီး၏ ခရီးα€…α€₯္ျα€–α€…္α€žα€Š္။

credit : eleven media
Rohingya Exodus