α။ αူααူαα ျαα္αာျαα္αွာ αုိα္းαα္းαား (ααα)α်ိဳးαွိαာαုိ αိαါααား။
α။ αုိα္α်ဳα္αွဴးααီးေα
ာေαာα္α (ααα
)ျαα
္ေα
ααα္းαုိα αာαွα္ေαာႏွα့္ αα္αα္းαုိα္αာႏွα့္ (ααα
)α်ိဳး ျαα
္αြားααာαုိ αိαါααား။
α။ ααΎαာαα္α αုိα္းαα္းαားαူα်ိဳး (ααα)α်ိဳးαာ αွိαα္αုိαာ ေαြးေαာα္αဲြေαာ္ααွα္α αုိαီးαုိ αုိα္းαα္းαား ααုα္αူးαုိျαီး αုိαီးαုိα္းαα္းαား αα ္α‘ုα္α ုαုံးαုိ α‘αွα္αα္αα္ ေα်ာα္α်α္αα ္αုိα္αာαုိ αိαါααား။
α။ αုိαီးေαြα αα္ααြα္αျαα့္ αူαိαြားျαီး α₯ံဳαြ αုိαီးαုိα္းαα္းαား ျαα္ျαα ္ေα αုိα αိα္ααΎαားαုိα္αာ αုိαီးαူα်ိဳးα်ား α်α္α်α္း ေαါα္ေαာα္α α‘αα္ျαα္αွα္αာααာαုိ αိαါααား။
α ။ αူα (ααα)α်ိဳးαုိ (ααα )α်ိဳးαုိα αα္αွα္αုိα္αုα္းα α‘αα္αံαိုα္ααဲ့ αူα်ိဳး(α)α်ိဳးα αα္ေα်ာα္αွာ αုα္αုα္ ေα်ာα္αြားαါααဲ။
α။ αα ္αα္ αူα်ိဳး(ααα )αွ (ααα)α်ိဳးαာျαα ္ေα αုိα α¦းαိα္းα ိα္α‘α ုိးαα αိα္ααုိαုိα္ျαα္ေαာ့ ေαာα္αα္ αα္αုိα္αဲ့ αူα်ဳိး (αα)α်ိဳးαုိေαာ αα္ေαာα့္αွာ αူααိ αူααိ αြားαα္αα ္αုိα္αါααဲ။
(αα ္αα္ေαာ့ α်ိဳးျαဳα္αံ (Genocide) αိုα္αဲ့ αာααံαွα္ ျαα္αာαုိα္းαα္းαား (αα)α်ိဳးαေαာ့ αူαုိααုိα္ αူαုိα αα္αုα္းα αα္αုိ α‘αွα္αα္αα္ ေα်ာα္αြα္αြားျαီ αုိαာေαာα္ ααုα‘αိ ααိαွာေαးαါαူး။ αူα¦းေα αα္း(αα)ေαာα္αဲ့ αုိα္းαα္းαား (ααα )α်ိဳးαွာ αိα္းααα္းαာαွိαဲ့ α်α္းαူα်ိဳးαုိ (α α)α်ိဳးαဲြျαα ္ေα‘ာα္ αααြ αဲြα ိα္αားαဲ့α‘αြα္ α်α္း၊ αူαီး၊ αုိαီးα αα့္ αာααံαွα္ေαြααα္ αႏွα ္αα္αΎααါ။ αွိႏႈိα္းျαα္းျαα့္ α‘αြα္αα ္αူ ေျααွα္းႏုိα္αဲ့ αုိα္းαα္းαားα ာαα္းαုိαα္ ααိုα‘α္αဲ αα ္αα္αα္ α‘ာαာαုံး αုα္ေαာα္ေααဲျαα ္αα့္ α¦းαိα္းα ိα္α‘α ုိးα၏ αုိα္းαα္းαားα်ားα‘ေαα αားαွိေαာ ေα ααာαွα္αုိ ေαးαြα္းαုα္α αာ ျαα ္αα္။)
α။ αူα်ိဳး (ααα)ျαα ္ေα ၊ (ααα )ျαα ္ေα ၊ (ααα)αိ်ဳးျαα ္ေα αα ္αါαူးααွ αာααံαွα္ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαြαဲ့ αႏα΅αေαာαားαုိ ေαာα္းαုိ αွိႏႈိα္းျαα္း ααွိαဲ α‘α ုိးααုိαူေαြααာ αα ္αα္αα္ αိαိαα္ααုိ αα္αွα္αဲ့αာα်α္း ျαα ္αα္αုိαာαုိေαာ αိαါααား။ αုိα္းျαα္αဲ့ αုံျαံဳေαးα‘αြα္ αီေαာα္α‘ေαးααီးαဲ့ αုိα္းαα္းαားαိα α₯αုိ α‘α ုိးααုိαူေαြα αိαိα ိα္αΏαုိα္ ေαွာα္α်α္ αွα္α်α္ αုα္ေααာαုိ αွα္αα္αုိα αα္αါααား။ αုα္αြα့္αွိαα္αုိα αα္αါααား။ αα္αံေαးႏုိα္αါααား။
α။ α¦းႏုα αဲαα်α္αုိα αုိαα္α်ာαုိ αုိα္းαα္းαားα‘ျαα
္ αα္αွα္ေαးαဲ့αα္αုိα ေαာα္ျαျαီး αα္ααြα္αΎααα္။ ေαာα္းαါျαီ။ (α်ေαာ့α‘ျαα္αေαာ့ αုိαα္α်ာαုိα္းαα္းαား ျαα
္ αျαα
္၊ ႏိုα္αံαား ျαα
္ αျαα
္ α‘αါα‘αα္ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαးαာαိα
α₯α‘ားαုံးαုိ α‘α
ုိးαႏွα့္ ααုိα္းααာαွα္ေαြ၊ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းα
ုံ ႏုိα္αံေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြαါαဲ့ ေαာ္ααွα္ (αုိα) αြα္ααα့္αα
္αα္ααာ ေျααွα္းαα့္αα္αုိα αုံαΎαα္αα္။) αုိαေαာ္ ျαα္αာ့ααုိ္α္းαွာ αα
္αါαူးααွ αုိα္းαα္းαား αျαα
္αဲ့αဲ့၊ αီαုိαေαα
ီα‘α
ုိးα α‘αα္αα္ႏွα့္ α¦းေααα္းေαα္αα
္ေαွ်ာα္αုံး ႏုိα္αံျαားαားေαြαာ ျαα
္αα္αုိα αααα္αα္း αα္αွα္αဲ့αဲ့ αုိးαα္ααုိ ααုα္ααါးေαΎαာα္ျαီး αααα ေαာα္αုိα္းαွ αုိα္းαα္းαားα‘ျαα
္ α‘ာαာα
α္ႏွα့္ αα္αွα္αုိα္αာαုိေαာ α‘α်ိဳးေα်ာα္αွာ α
ုိးေαΎαာα္αါαα္αုိαူα်ားα αα္ေα်ာα္αွာ α‘ိα္ေα်ာ္ေααဲျαα
္αုိα ααα္ααြα္ααါααဲ။
αီαုိαေαα ီႏွα့္ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαြα‘αြα္ αုိα္αဲြαα္ေααါαα္αုိαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαး၊ αူαႈေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား၊ α ာေα αα₯္ေα်းαႈ ααာαွα္α်ားαေαာ α ံႏွα ္αု(Double Standard) αုိα္α ဲြαားαာ αိα္ျαာαα္ααါαဲ့αား။
αီαုိαေαα ီႏွα့္ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαြα‘αြα္ αုိα္αဲြαα္ေααါαα္αုိαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαး၊ αူαႈေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ား၊ α ာေα αα₯္ေα်းαႈ ααာαွα္α်ားαေαာ α ံႏွα ္αု(Double Standard) αုိα္α ဲြαားαာ αိα္ျαာαα္ααါαဲ့αား။
ααုα္ααါးေαΎαာα္αုိα ႏွာα်ား ေα းαြားαဲ့ αုα္αေαးα်ား ျαα ္αြားαွာျαီαား။
ေျαႏုိα္αူα်ား၊ ေျααဲαူα်ား ေျααΎααါ။
ေα‘ာα္αα္
αူαုိα္ (α) αααα
ေαာα္α‘ာααိααွာ αာαα္αုိးႏွα့္ ေα်ာ္αΎαားαဲ့αဲ့ Apartheid αုိαာαုိ α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ားαုံး αိαΎααါαα္။ αူေαြαုိ α်ိဳးႏြα္α‘α αီးျαားα ီ αဲြျαားαားျαα္း(Segregation)ျαα ္αါαα္။ αα္αူαိ်ဳးေαြ αα္ေααာαုိ ααာα၊ αα္ေααာαွာ αေαα၊ αα္αားαုိ αα ီးα၊ αα္α ားေαာα္αုိα္αွာ αα ားα၊ αα္ေα်ာα္းαုိ ααα္α၊ αα္ေααာαွာ αα္α‘αုα္αုိ ααုα္ααုိαဲ့ αူα်ိဳးα်α္း αဲြျαားαα္αံαႈ ျαα ္αါαα္။ αူαα‘αဲြαα‘α α္း၊ ျαိဳααြာ၊ ျαα္αα္၊ ႏုိα္αံα‘α်ိဳးα‘αြα္ α‘αဲြαα‘α α္းေαြαွာ ααူαီေαာ αူα‘ုα္α ုႏွα ္α ုα α‘α်ိဳးαူ αူးေαါα္းαုα္ေαာα္αုိααုိαာαေαာ့ α α₯္းα ားα αာαα္ ααုိေαာ့αါ။ α‘α္ααα္ αြံαွာα αာေαာα္း၊ ေαΎαာα္α αာေαာα္းαဲ့ α‘αူα‘ααုိးျαα ္αာαုိα αα₯္ေα်းαဲ့ αေαααူαααα»ာαွာ αα္αုိαူαားαα္αဲ့ αူαားα်ိဳးααွ α်α့္αံုးαုိα ေαာα္းαုိαာ၊ αႈံαေαာ္αာ αေျαာႏွα့္ αီα‘αူα‘ျαα္αုိ αα္αံαါαα္αိုαေαာα္ αေျαာαဲαဲ့ α‘α္ααα္ αုိးαုα္αိα္α်α₯္းαဲ့ α‘αူαါαျαα ္αါαα္။
αုိαေαာ္ α်ေαာ္αုိα α‘αိျαα္αာျαα္αွာ αီαါααုိး segregationαို α‘αိα‘αα္း ေαΎαျαာα်α္αုα္ျαα္ ေαာα္းαုိαဲαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαးαါαီ αွိေααါျαီ။ αα္ႏုိα္αံေαးေαါα္းေαာα္၊ αα္αုိα္းαα္းαား ေαါα္းေαာα္၊ αα္αာαာေαးေαါα္းေαာα္၊ αα္αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαါα္းေαာα္၊ αα္α‘α ုိးααα္ααီး၊ αα္ႏုိα္αံေαး၊ αူαႈေαးα αဲ့ α‘αဲြαα‘α α္းαα်ား αα္ααြα္αံ αΎαားαေαααားαိုα ႏွα ္αα္αΎαာေα‘ာα္ ေα ာα့္αုိα္းαဲ့αါαα္။ αွα္α αာ ေαΎαာα္α αာαုိ ααွα္αေαΎαာα္ αုα္αူα αုα္αα္။ αα္αူααွ ααုα္αα့္αူးαုိα αα ္αြα္းαုိαံ ααΎαားααျαα့္ ျαα္αာျαα္ αြားျαီαားαုိα ေαးαြα္းαုα္αျαα္းျαα ္αါαα္။ (RNDP၏ α€ေαΎαျαာα်α္αုိ ααိαွိေαးαူα်ားα‘ား ααုိαုိαါ။)
RNDP (ααုိα္αုိα္းαα္းαားα်ား αုိးαα္ေαးαါαီ)α αααααု ေαα (αα)αα္ေααα ြဲႏွα့္ αုα္ျαα္ေαာ ေαΎαျαာα်α္α‘αွα္ αα/αααααွာαါαဲ့ ααားααα္ αုိးαα္αာαူα်ားαုိ α‘ေαးαူαာ၊ αူαα္းႏိုα္αံαုိ ျαα္ေα αာေαြαုိေαာ့ αုံးα αေαာαူαါαα္။ α‘ျαα္းαြါးα αာ ααွိαါ။ αိုαေαာ္ ေαΎαျαာα်α္αဲ့ α‘αွα္α α₯္ α(α)αွာ၊ ααားα₯αေαα်ိဳးေαါα္αူေαြ၊ αာααα္αႈα်ဴးαြα္αူေαြαုိ αိေαာα္α ြာ α‘ေαးαူေα ျαီး ႏုိα္αံαားα‘α်α္းα်α္း αα့္ျαα္ေαး၊ ေα‘းα်α္းα ြာ α‘αူαွα₯္αဲြ ေααုိα္ႏုိα္ေαးαုိ αျαα ္ျαα ္ေα‘ာα္ α¦းေαာα္ေαးααα့္α‘α ား
ααုိα္ျαα္αα္α‘αြα္းαွိ ျαိဳααြာα်ား၌ ααုိα္αူα်ိဳးα်ားႏွα့္ ααၤαီαူα်ိဳးα်ား αီးαα္α ြာေαာေႏွာေααုိα္αႈ ααွိαေα‘ာα္ ααၤαီαူα်ိဳးα်ားα‘ား αα့္ေαာ္αာ၌ αာαီαီးျαားေααာα်αားαα္
αုိαေαာα္းαုိαားαါαα္။ αါαုိ Apartheid (Segregation) αေαααα္ αာαိုαေααααဲαုိααုိ ျαα္αာ့ႏုိα္αံေαး၊ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαး၊ αူαႈေαး၊ αာαာေαး၊ α ီးαြါးေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္ααီးα်ား ေျααΎααါ။ αီေαာα္ αုိးαြα္းေαါα္ျαα္αဲ့ ေαΎαျαာα်α္αုိ αΎαားαိαွ်α္ႏွα့္ ႏႈα္αိα္ေαျαα္း၊ αူαိαွα္αΎαား ααα္ααြα္ ααႈံαα်ျαα္းαα္ αေαာαူ(Consent)αα္αု αုိႏုိα္αျαα့္ αေαα ျαα္αာ့ေαါα္းေαာα္ααီးα်ားေαααြα္ ααုိα္းေαΎαြးαα္αြားαါျαီ။ ေαာα္ ျαα္αာျαα္αဲ့ α‘ျαားေααာေαြαွာ α‘αားαူျαα ္αα္ေαြ ျαα ္αာαα္၊ ျαα ္αာေα‘ာα္ αႈံαေαာ္ျαီး αာαာααူ၊ αူα်ိဳးααူαူေαြαဲ့ α‘ုိးα‘ိα္ေαြαုိ αααားαိα္းαုိα္αုိαွ်α္ ျαα္αာ့ႏုိα္αံေαး ေαါα္းေαာα္ααီးα်ား αα္αုိαုိα္αြα္ေျααွα္းαΎαααဲ။
αီαုိေαာα္းαုိαူေαြαာ αိαိαုိα္αုိα္α αုိαားαါαα္αုိαဲ့ αီαုိαေαα ီႏွα့္ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးαုိαာαုိ αားααα္ αα္αုိးααားαုံαα္αα α်α့္αုံးαုိαα္αα္ ααွိေαΎαာα္းαုိ α‘αိα‘αα္း ျααုိျαα္းျαα ္αα္။ αααααုႏွα ္αွာ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံ ျαα ္αα္αာαုံ၊ ႏုိα္αံ α αα္αα္ေαာα္α ααα္းα ႏွα ္ႏုိα္αံ αα္α α္ေαြαွာ αူα်ိဳးေαါα္းα ုံေαြ ျαα္αႏွံαေααုိα္αုံ၊ αုိα္းျαα္αα္αိαိα္ αဲြျαားαα္αွα္αႈႏွα့္α‘αူ αါαα္αာαဲ့ αူα်ိဳးေαြαုိ ααုα္၊ αုိα္း၊ α‘ိႏα΅ိα၊ ျαα္αာα αျαα့္ ႏုိα္αံαα ္ေαြα αα္αံေαးααုံ (αုိးαα္αူေαြαို ααα‘ံေαးαုိα αေျαာαါ။) α αα့္ ααုိα္းျαα ္αα္ေαြαုိ α‘ေျααံေαာα္αွ αားααα္ျαα္းαုိ ျααါαα္။ αုိαုိးαာα (αα)αာα ုαွာ αူαားα‘ေျααံျαီး αူαားα်α ္α ိα္ႏွα့္ αုိα္းျαα္αုိ αα္ေαြαα်α် αα္ေαာα္ααα့္α‘α ား α ိα္αα္းαဲြျαားαႈေαြႏွα့္ ααီααြα္ျαα ္ေα αာ αုိα္းျαα္αုိ ေα်ာα္αဲαုိးα်αα့္ α‘ျαα္α်α₯္းေျαာα္းေαာ αါ့αာαာ၊ αါ့αာααာ၊ αါ့αူα်ိဳးαုိαဲ့ α်α္αα္းα်ိဳးα်α ္α ိα္αုိ αာαα္αဲ့ αႈံαေαာ္ျαα္းျαα ္αα္။ αိုα့္ျαα္αူေαြαုိ α‘α်ိဳးျαα ္ေα‘ာα္ α‘αိαာα္αြα့္ေαးααα့္α‘α ား α‘α်ိဳးαုα္ α‘αိαα္းေα‘ာα္ α‘αိα္αα္ျαα္းျαα ္αα္။ (ေαွးေαα္α αα ္ေα‘ာ္αာαΎααဲ့αဲ့ α‘α်ိဳး၊ αာαာ၊ αာααာαုိαဲ့ α αားα်ိဳးαုိ αα္αုံးျαဳαုိα ααုံေαာα္ေαာ့αူး။ ျαα္αာျαα္αွာ ααα ္αာα္၊ α‘α α₯αာα္၊ αိႏα΅ဴ၊ αα္αုိးαႈα αα္αုိ α ဲြျαီး αူα်ိဳးေαးααားαုα္αုိααααူး။ αုိα္αုံαΎαα္αာ αုိα္αုိးαြα္ျαီး αုိα္းေαးျαα္ေαးαွာ αီαီαြα္αြα္ α ုေαါα္းαုα္αΎααုိα ေαေαααါαီα(αα)αα္ αα္αုံαီαာαံαွာ αα္αွα္αေαးαုိးαီ αိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα ααိျαဳ ေျαာαΎαားα့ဲαါαα္။ αံαာေαာ္α်ားα α‘α်ိဳး၊ αာαာ၊ αာααာαု αုိျαα္းαုိ αားαα္ေαးႏုိα္ေαာ္αα္း αူα်ိဳးေαါα္းα ုံ၊ αာααာ ေαါα္းα ုံαုိ αုိα္α ားျαဳααα့္ ႏုိα္αံေαးေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα α‘α်ိဳး၊ αာαာ၊ αာααာαု ေျαာαာαα္αုိαွ်α္ αိαိα ီးေαာျαα္းαုိ α‘αီးαွα္း α‘ααွα္း ααိαူα်ား ျαα ္αာ၏။ αြα္αဲ့ေαာ (αα)ႏွα ္ααα္ αုိα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα ျαα္ေαာα္α ုႏုိα္αံ αα္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြα္ αα္ေαြααα်αုαုိαာ αα္α်αဲ့ေαာ α‘αူαွား၊ α‘ျαα္αွားျαα ္αα္αုိ ααိα်α္αα့္αွ၏။)
ေαါα္းေαာα္ααီးα်ားα‘ေαႏွα့္ ေαာ့α αီးαား၊ ααα္αါα αဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαြα αူα်ိဳးေαး α‘αိααုα္းေαြαုိ ျαα္α α₯္းα ားျαီး ααၤα္းα ာαူαΎααါ။ α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြ αုိααုိးαာေα‘ာα္ α‘α်ိα္αီ αားαီးαΎααါ။ αုိα္းျαα္αုိ αα္းေαΎαာα္းαွα္αုိ ျαα္αα္ေαးαΎααါ။ ျαα္αα္ေαါα္းေαာα္αုိα α‘αα္α‘αွား αΏαုိးα ားေααဲ့ αီαုိαေαα ီα‘ေαျαံဳ α α ္α‘ာαာαွα္α αα ္αုိ αα ္ႏုိα္αံαုံးα αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းα ုံ ျαα္αူαူαု၏ αα္းαွα္αα္းαွα္ျαα ္ေαာ α α္းαုံးαီαြα္αႈျαα့္ α‘ႏုိα္αုိα္αူαါ။
α‘ႏွα ္αါးαα္αွာ αေαာα့္ααဲျαα ္αဲ့ α‘αုαုိα‘αြα့္α‘αါα်ိဳးαုိ αွα္αွα္αα္αα္ α‘αုံးα်ႏုိα္αုိααုိαα္αုိα ေααα ုα αေαααα္αဲ ျαα္αα ္αွာ ေျαာαုိα္αါျαီ။ αွα္αွα္αα္αα္ α‘αုံးαα်ႏုိα္αα္ေαာ့ ျαα္αာျαα္ ေαာα္αα ္α်ီ αြားျαီ ျαα ္αါαα္။
ေαာα္αα္ α‘ႏွα ္ αါးαα္ေαးေαာα္αါ။
ေα‘ာα္αα္
αြα္α(αα) αααα
*************************************************************************Burma to go down the drain
In my point of view, it’s yes and it’s going down very fast. Moreover, many people ignore to prevent and protect those who are pushing Burma down the drain and it’s likely being seen in the arena of Burma politics, many more are consciously or unconscious, directly or indirectly supporting it. Those pundits of politics who always like to point out whether things are politically correct or not are also surprisingly silent. This is not a good omen.
We all know the notorious system of apartheid, a racism in South Africa, segregating people based on their ethnicity. Who can’t go to which place, can’t take which transport, can’t go to which school, and can’t go into which career and so on. For the good of the country or any society, there’s no doubt and no brainer that different society must work together. Apartheid is a very disgusting and inhumane ideology and it has no place in today’s world; let’s forget about asking for it and propagating it, even accepting that system is extremely horrible.
However, in our country Burma, there now exists a political party that openly demands this system of apartheid and segregation. For 2 days waiting for any voice from any political leader or any ethnic leader, or any religious leader or any human right activist or any governmental or non-governmental organization, but in vain, there’s none. Nobody voice up this is a disgusting, horrible and sicken, atrocious and terrible thing. So the question comes is Burma going down in the drain. (Not to those who do not know the press release of RNDP yet.)
On RNDP’s press release 04/2012 dated 2012 May 25, sending back the illegal immigrants to their original country is not wrong and it’s acceptable. But regarding 6(b), instead of “taking legal actions against those criminals and lawbreakers, and working out to reconciliation and peaceful co-existence of all citizens”,
RNDP demands to segregate the Arakanese Buddhist and other Muslims (mostly Bengali descents) by separating the Muslims away from their places.
Those Burmese political, ethnic, social, religious and business leaders should answer what is this if not apartheid. Though they know this sicken and awful press release demand, being silent, and not condemning openly is certainly concerting to it and it’s a historical liability on all Burmese leaders. If in future, if there’re any similar occurrences, conquering the houses and businesses of different ethnic and religious minorities, how are the Burmese political leaders going to handle this issue?
It shows that those who demanding this kind not only understands the value of democracy and human rights, but also no intention of practicing any of it.
Leaders should learn from the lessons of Bosnia, Rwanda and alike. Prevent before it get worse. Get the country on the right path. The democratic forces urgently need to reorganize and reinforce in truth manner to ward off the hardliners of old guard who have been openly trying to set up the democracy-skinned quasi-civilian government permanently controlled by generals.
Daw Suu said today in France that this is a rare opportunity in 50 years and need to make use of it correctly. If not, Burma again will go down in the drain. Just another 50 years.
Aung Tin
June 28, 2012
It shows that those who demanding this kind not only understands the value of democracy and human rights, but also no intention of practicing any of it.
Leaders should learn from the lessons of Bosnia, Rwanda and alike. Prevent before it get worse. Get the country on the right path. The democratic forces urgently need to reorganize and reinforce in truth manner to ward off the hardliners of old guard who have been openly trying to set up the democracy-skinned quasi-civilian government permanently controlled by generals.
Daw Suu said today in France that this is a rare opportunity in 50 years and need to make use of it correctly. If not, Burma again will go down in the drain. Just another 50 years.
Aung Tin
June 28, 2012
(Translated to English by Zin Bo Aung)
ေα‘ာα္α α ာαုိα္ႏွα ္αုိα္ႏွα့္ αα္αုα္αံေαြαုိ αα္αΎαα့့္αါ။ αα ္αုαုေαာ့ αွားေαျαီαုိα ααα္αူးαားα်ာ။
ααုိα္ျαα္αα္ ျαα ္ေααဲ့αိα α₯ႏွα့္ α်ေαာ္αုိα αွα္းαα္းαဲ့ေααာαွာ α်ေαာ္αုိααဲ့ ျαα္ေαာα္α ု αααΌαျαα္αာႏိုα္αံαဲ့ α‘ေαာα္αံαါး α်ိဳးျαီαုိα α်ေαာ္α ေျαာα်α္αါαα္။
ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း
ααုိα္α‘α်ိုဳးαားေαြ αာαြα္ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္ေααဲ့ α‘ေαာα္αံαါးααီး α်ိဳးျαီ။ α်ေαာ္αုိα ααုိα္αုိα္းαα္းαားα်ားျαα ္αဲ့ ျαိဳ၊ ααီး၊ αα္ေαြ ေα ာα့္ေαွာα္ေααဲ့ ေααုိα္ေααဲ့ α‘ေαာα္αံαါးααီး α်ိဳးαြားαါျαီ αα္α်။
ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း
αα ္αုαု αွားေαျαီαိုα ααα္ေαးαα္ ေα‘ာα္αွာ α₯ααာ αုံးαုαုိ αα္αα္ေα α်α္αါαα္။
α။ α်ေαာ္αုိα α‘αိျαα္αာႏုိα္αံေαာ္ααီး αီးα်ိဳး α α္ေαါα္ αα½ြα္αေαာα္αα ေαာα္αဲ့ααα္။
ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း
α။ α်ဳα္αုိα αြα္ႏုိα္αံေαာ္ααီး α်α္αုα₯္းαဲ့ααα္။
ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း
α။ αါαုိα α‘αααုိα္ႏုိα္αံေαာ္ααီး α်αုံးαဲ့ααα္။
ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း ေျαာα္း
αါေαြαေαာ့ αα္αုα္αီးα αာ ααုα္αူးαိုαာ αွα္းαွαါαα္။
αα ္αα္ေαာ့ α‘ေαာα္αံαါးααီး α်ိဳးαြားαါျαီαုိα ααုိα္αီαုိαေαα ီα‘αဲြαα α¦းαွျαα့္α αααααု αြα္α(αα)αα္ေαααြα္ ααုိα္αီαုိαေαα ီα‘αဲြαα်ဳα္α ေαႊαုံαုိα္ αုိααုိးαာα ားေαာα္αုိα္αွာ ααီးαွဴးα်α္းαေαာ αα္αွိααုိα္ျαα္α‘ေျαα‘ေα ααα္းα ာαွα္းαα္းαဲြαွာ ေျαာαΎαားαုိα္αဲ့α‘αါαွာ αα္ေαာα္αဲ့ ααိαα္α αα္းαα္း ေαΎααြဲαΎααα့္αါαα္။ αာေαΎαာα့္ αံαါးααီးα်ိဳးαြားαာαုိ ααိαα္α αα္αုα္αΎααာ ေαးေααΎααာαဲ။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ ααုိα္αြာေαြ αီးαႈိααံ၊ ααုိα္ေαြ α‘αα္ျαα္αံ၊ α‘ႏုိα္α်α့္αံ၊ ααုိα္ေαြ ေαာα္းႏွα့္α်ီ αုαα‘αα္α‘ျαα ္ αုα္းေαာ္ααီးေα်ာα္းေαြαွာ αုိαႈံαα္းαဲαုαα‘ေαာα္ေαျαီး ျαα္αြα္း၊ ျαα္αα α‘αွဴေαြα်ား ေαာα္αံေαာα္α့ံေαααဲ့ α‘αါα်ိဳးαွာ αံαါးααီး α်ိဳးαြားαာαုိ αα္αုα္αံ αα ္ေျαာα္းေျαာα္းႏွα့္ αΏαုိαုိαုိα္αာα αα ္αုαုေαာ့ αွားေαျαီαုိα α‘αα္းα‘αားαုိα αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αΎαေαာ α¦းေα‘းαာေα‘ာα္၊ α¦းαြα္αြα္းα¦း၊ α¦းαုိαုိααီးα‘αါα‘αα္ αα္ေαာα္αΎααဲ့ ေαါα္းေαာα္ααီးα်ား ααα္αိαΎααူးαားα်ာαုိα ေαးαုိα္α်α္αါαα္။
αွα္းαွα္းေျαာααα္ α‘αု ααုိα္ျαα္αွာ ααၤါαီေαြ α‘α ုαုိα္ α‘ျαံဳαုိα္ αုိးαα္ေααာေαΎαာα့္ αားαီးαα္းျαα ္ααာαါαုိαဲ့ α₯αေααဲ့ α‘αိααုα္းေαြαုိ αုံးα ααα္αα်αါ။ GDP αီαွ်ံαα ္αာေα်ာ္αွိျαီး ျαα္αာျαα္αα္ α‘αုံααီး αုိαα္ျαိα္αဲ့ αီαုိαေαα ီႏုိα္αံαα ္αုျαα ္αဲ့ ααၤαားαα္αွ္α ααၤါαီေαြα GDP αီαွ်ံαါးαα္ေα်ာ္αာαွိျαီး ျαα္αြα္းα α ္ေαြα‘ျαα္ ααα္αျαိα္ျαα ္ေααဲျαα ္αဲ့ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαုိ ေαααာαဲြαံ၊ α‘αုိα္αံ၊ α‘αဲα‘ႏွိα္αံαုိα၊ αူαααီး၊ αူαααား α‘ႏုိα္α်α့္αံααုိα αုိးαα္αာေααΎααα္αုိαာα ααာα α်αါαဲ့αား။
α‘αα္αာαααα္းα ααားααα္ αα္ေααဲ့αဲ့ ααၤါαီေαြαွိαα္ α ိα α ္α‘ေαးαူျαီး ျαα္ေαာα္းαုα္αုိα္αါ။ α‘αုαα္αာေααာαွိαα္αα္း αားαီးαါ။ αα္းαါ။ ေαာα္းαုα္αါ။ ေαာα္αα္αာαွာαုိαα္း α‘αုαα္းα αΏαုိαα္α ီα α₯္ αာαြα္αါ။ ျαα္αာျαα္αွာ ျαα္αာαုိα္းαα္းαားေαြα‘ျαα္ αα္ႏုိα္αံျαားαားαွ αႊα္းαုိးαာαွာαုိ α်ေαာ္αုိααα္း ααΏαုိα္αာαုိα α‘ေαာα္αα္αံαါးααီးαုိ αာαြα္ေααဲ့ ααုိα္α‘α်ိဳးαားα်ားαုိ α‘ေαးα‘ျαα္ျαဳαါαα္။ αူေαါα္းေαာα္αြα္αုိα α်ေαာ္αုိα ျαα္αာαြα္α αα္α်ားα α‘α်ိα္αေαြး α‘αα္αα့္αွိαါαα္။ αိုαေαာ္ ααၤαားαα္αွ္ αုαα‘αα္α αα္းαွာαွိαဲ့ ααုိα္ျαα္α αြα္α αα္ေαြေαာα္ αုိα့္αα္ေျαျαα ္αဲ့ ျαα္αာျαα္αုိ αုံျαဳံαႈααွိαုိα αျαα္αဲαါαူးαုိျαီး UNHCRႏွα့္ ααၤαားαα္α‘α ုိးααုိ α‘ာαံျαα္းαα္ေααဲ့ α‘α်ိα္α်ိဳးαွာ ααၤαာαα္αွ္ႏုိα္αံαား ααၤါαီေαြα ေαααာα‘αဲြαံαုိα ျαα္αာျαα္αဲ α‘α ုαုိα္ α‘ျαဳံαုိα္ ααားααα္ αုိးαα္ေααါαα္αုိαဲ့ α‘ေျαα‘ျαα ္ααွိαဲ့ α ြα္α ြဲα်α္αုိ α‘αာα‘αြα္(Pretext)αူျαီး ααုိα္ျαα္αα္αြα္ αα္αွိ ααားαα္ေααုိα္αဲ့ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαား αြα္α αα္ေαြαုိ αိ်ဳးျαဳα္αုိα α‘αြα္αα္αာျαα္း ျαα ္αα္αုိαα္ေαာ့ . . . .
α¦းေα‘းαာေα‘ာα္၊ α¦းαြα္αြα္းα¦း၊ α¦းαုိαုိααီး၊ α¦αွျαα့္၊ α¦းေα်ာ္ျαα့္αုိα αα္α်ာ။ αα ္αုαုေαာ့ α‘ααီးα‘α်α္ αဲြေααါျαီ။
ေαα (αα)αα္ ααီαာေαြးαုိ ααၤါαီ αြα္α αα္ αုံးေαာα္α αုαိα္းα်α့္ αα္αဲ့ ေαာα္ေαα (αα)αα္αွာ αα αα α‘αာαွိα ေαာα္းေαာαွာ αြα္α αα္α‘αိ်ဳးααီးαα ္α¦းαုိ αုαိα္းα်α့္αႈ ျαα ္αြါးαဲ့αα္။ αြားαုိα္αာေαာα္ α‘ေαးαူαα္ ααူαါαူး။ αα္αီαီαာααွαα္း αုααΆαာαာ αα αα αြα္α αα္α‘α်ိဳးααီးαုိ αုαိα္းα်α့္αα္αုိα αေααျααါαူး။ α်ာααီαွာ αα ္α်ိα္α α်ဴးေαြαုိ αိαα α¦ာα္αုိ αေαာαားααုိ αေαာαားေααΎαျαီ αူαါαα္။ ျαα ္αႈα်ဴးαြα္αူαုိ αူα်ိဳး αေαြး၊ αာαာ αေαြး α₯αေαα‘α αိေαာα္α ြာ α‘ေαးαူααွာαါ။ αူα်ိဳးေαး α‘αိααုα္းေαြျαα ္ေα‘ာα္ αα္αီးαူα်ားαုိ αα္αူα်ိဳးျαα ္ျαα ္၊ αα္αူαဲျαα ္ျαα ္ αိေαာα္α ြာ α‘ေαးαူααါαα္။
ျαα္αာျαα္αွာ αုိα္းαα္းαား (ααα)α်ိဳးαုိα αα္αွα္αဲ့αူးαα္။ ေαာα္ αုိα္α်ဳα္αွဴးααီး ေα
ာေαာα္α αူျαဳα္α်α္αာ ျαဳα္ျαီး αီαုိαေαα
ီ α‘α
ုိးαα‘αα္αα္ႏွα့္ ααα(αα)ႏွα
္αုံးαုံး ႏုိα္αံျαားαားေαြαုိααုိαဲ့αဲ့ αုိးαα္αααုα္ေαြαုိ αုိα္းαα္းαားျαα
္ေα
ααα္းαုိျαီး αုိα္းαα္းαား (ααα
)α်ိဳး αα္αွα္αုိα္αα္။ α‘αု ေαြးေαာα္αဲြ ေαာ္ααွα္α αုိαီးα‘αါα‘αα္ ျαဳα္α်α္αာ ျαဳα္ျαီး αုိα္းαα္းαား (ααα)α်ိဳး ျαα
္ေα
ααα္း αုα္ျαα္αα္။ αုိαီးေαြα αα္ααြα္ေαာ့ αုိα္းαα္းαား (ααα)α်ိဳး ျαα
္ေα
ααα္းαုိျαီး αုိαီးαုိ ျαα္αα့္ျαα္αα္။ ေαာα္αα္ααြα္αူေαြ ေαααာαα္αα္း ေαααာααုိ αα္ျαα္α‘ုံးαဲ့αေαာ ျαα
္ေααα္။ αα္αွာαဲ αူ။ αွα္ααွα္းαα္း αိαΎααα္ ααူαူး။
αုိα္းαα္းαား αα္αွα္αႈေαြ αွα္ααွ်αုိ α‘α ုိးαေαြααာ αိαိαေαာႏွα့္ αα ္αα္αα္ αα္ααုိ αα္αွα္αဲ့αာα်α္းျαα ္ျαီး ျαα္αူαူαု၏ αေαာαား ေαာα္းαံαႈ αα ္αါαူးαွ ααွိαဲ့αူး။ αါေαΎαာα့္ α‘α္ααα္αα္းαဲ့ αူαα္းα ုျαα ္αဲ့ α်α္းα‘α်ိဳးαား αα ္α်ိဳးαဲαုိ αူα်ိဳးαဲြ αါးαα္ေα်ာ္ျαα ္αဲ့ααα္။ αုိαα္α်ာ αုိα္းαα္းαားျαα ္ αျαα ္ α်ေαာ္αုိα ျαα္αာαြα္α αα္ေαြαဲ့ αေαာαားα ααုိα္α‘αါα‘αα္ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းα ုံ၏ αေαာαားႏွα့္ αα္αူαဲ ျαα ္αα္။ αုိαေαာ္ α‘α ုိးααုα္αူα αူαα္ααုိ αုိα္းαα္းαား ျαα ္ေα αုိ ျαα ္αုိα္၊ αα္ေα αုိ αα္αုိα္αုိαာα်ိဳး αျαα ္αုိα αုိαါαα္။ αါαာ α‘α်ိဳးαားေαး၊ αုိα္းျαα္ α‘α်ဳα္α‘ျαာ၊ αုံျαံဳေαး၊ αုိα္းျαα္α‘αာαα္ႏွα့္ αုိα္αုိα္αα္α α္ေααာαုိα ααုိα္းααာαွα္α်ား၊ ႏုိα္αံေαးαါαီေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα‘αါα‘αα္ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းα ုံ ျαα္αူαူαုαဲ့ αွိႏႈိα္းαုံးျαα္α်α္α‘ααာ ျαα ္αα့္αα္။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ α α ္α‘ာαာαွα္ (αုိαααုα္) α α ္α‘ာαာαွα္αα ္αုိα္း α‘α ုိးαα်ားα ျαα ္ေα ၊ αα္ေα αုိαုိα္း ျαα ္αုိα္၊ αα္αုိα္ αျαα ္αα့္αူး။
αα ္αα္ αူα်ိဳး (ααα)α်ိဳးαုိα αာαုိα αα္αွα္ααာαα္းαုိαာαုိ αα္းα α ္αုိααုိျαα္αါαα္။ (ααα)αါးေαာ αီးေαာα္းαα္းαုိαα ααာαΏαုိαααဲ့ ααာαααΌααα္း၊ α αΎαာαေαးαα္း αုα္α်α္αုိα ααα္ αုံα ံαြα္းေααာαားαုိαာ αံααျαα ္α αာαါ။ αီαုိα ီαံα်α္α်ိဳးႏွα့္ ααာαူα်ိဳးααီးαါααုိ α‘αα္αြα္းαုိα αα္αြα္α်α္α ေαာα္αြα္αွာαွိေααα္ေαာ့ αီαုိαေαα ီျαα္ေαာα္α ုႏုိα္αံ αα္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြα္ α‘α္ααα္α‘ႏၱαာα္ααီးαါαα္။
ႏုိα္αံေαာ္ αααΌααုံး αႊα္αΎαားေαးαွဴး αုိα္αွဴးေαာ္α¦း(αွဴးေαာ္)α αုိαα္α်ာα‘αΎαα္းαα္ααားေαြ αα္αα္αုိα္ α်ဴးေα်ာ္αုိα αာေαျαီαုိα αူαေα့α ္αြα္αေαျαီး αြαုိα္αါαα္။ ααၤαားαα္ႏွα့္ αီေαာα္αα္αံေαး ေαာα္းေααဲ့α‘α်ိα္αွာ αီααα္း αွα္ ααွα္၊ αွα္αα္αα္း ααၤαားαα္α‘α ုိးαႏွα့္ αူးေαါα္းαုိα္αြα္ααα့္α‘α ား αွဴးေαာ္α αူαားα်α္း α ာαာαႈေαြ၊ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαြ αာαေျαာαဲααုိααုိျαီး αူαုαုိ αာαα္αဲ့ ေαြးαုိးαႈံαေαာ္ေαးαဲ့αα္။ αီαုိαေαα ီႏုိα္αံαုိα ေαΎαြးေα်ာ္ေααဲ့ αααΌαုံးα αႊα္αΎαားေαးαွဴးαုိαဲ့ ααီးαားαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံ့αုα္ေαာα္ αာαα္ααီးαုိ ααုααားαဲ αူααုိα္αူ ေαာ္α αုိαွာ ေα်ာα္းαα္ေααဲ့ ေα်ာα္းαားα α ္αုိα္αေαးαုိ αα္αာေαးျαီး αုိα္αြα္αုံးαုိα ααα္αုိα αα္ေααα္αူαα္။ α်ေαာ္αုိα ေαါα္းေαာα္α‘α်ိဳαααα္း ျαααာαုိ ျαα္αဲ့α‘αါ αα ္αြα္၊ ႏွα ္αြα္၊ α‘αြα္αုံး αါးαြα္ေαာα္αဲ αΏαုိျαα္αα္αူေαြျαα ္ျαီး αα္αြα္ α‘αြα္ႏွα ္αα္αုိ αျαα္αα္ေαာ့ αူαုိααα္αဲ့ α‘αြα္αဲαα္ျαီး ေαြးαူαာ ေαာ္αΎα၊ α်αΎα၊ αα္αΎαျαα ္αုα္αα္။ ααုိα္ျαα္αားေαြျαα ္αဲ့ ααုိα္ႏွα့္ αြα္α αα္ေαြ α‘α်α္းα်α္းα်αΎαေαာ့ ႏွα ္αα္α αုံး α‘αိαာαΎααဲ့α‘ျαα္ ααုိα္ျαα္αဲ့ αုα္ααα္း၊ αုံျαဳံေαး၊ α ီးαြါးေαး αာေαာα္ျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈ၊ αြαံျαိဳးαုိးαα္αႈ ေαွαα‘αားα‘αာေαြαုိ α‘ααီးα‘α်α္ αိαုိα္ေα αါαα္။
α‘ႏွα ္ႏွα ္αα္ေα်ာ္ ျαိα္းα်α္းαဲ့αဲ့ αα်α္αွာαα္း αီαုိαေαα ီα‘α ုိးααုိαူ αα္αာαွαဲ αα ္ႏွα ္ေα်ာ္αΎαာ α α ္ျαα ္ေαျαီး αုαα‘αα္α αိα္းααα္းေαာα္ ေα်ာ္ျαီαုိေαာ့ αုိα္းျαα္ααα္ျαိα္ေα‘ာα္၊ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြ αα္αျαα ္αာေα‘ာα္ ေαြးαုိးαႈံαေαာ္ေααူα်ား αွိေαααားαုိα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α ေαးαြα္းαုα္αဲ့ျαα္းျαα ္αါαα္။ αα္ေαာα္ ααα»ာ့α ီးαြါးေαးαီαာαံαွာ Reckless Optimism αိုα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α αာေαΎαာα့္ ααိေαးαဲ့αါααဲ။ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲေαြαုိ αုα္αဲ့αα္αုိαဲ့ αုαွား၊ α‘α္αုိαီးαွား၊ αီαα္αα္α‘αါα‘αα္ α‘ာααိαႏုိα္αံα‘α်ားα‘ျαားαွာ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈαဲ့ α‘α်ိဳးα‘ျαα္αုိ αူαုα α‘αုိးα‘αα္းေαာα္ α‘ႏုိα္ႏုိα္ α ုα္ αα္းαဲαြα္း αα္ေααဲျαα ္ျαီး၊ αိႏွိα္α်ဳα္α်α္αဲ့ α₯αေαေαြαုိ αα္αα္αားαွိαာ Cronyism αုိαေαααဲ့ αα္αα ္αုα္α ာ αူαα္α‘ုα္α ုαα ္αα ္αုႏွα့္ α‘α ုိးαေαာα္း၊ α αα ္ေαာα္းααူေαြ αူးေαါα္းျαီး αံα ား၊ α ံα ား၊ αြα ားαြားαွာαုိ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α αΏαုိျαα္αုိαျαα ္αα္။ α‘αုαုိαα္ αα်α္αိα α₯၊ ျαα္αြα္းျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαိα α₯၊ α‘αုα္ααားαိα α₯၊ αα္ေျαα‘αိα္းαံααႈေαြ၊ αီαီαာ αြα္αα္αႈ၊ ααားα₯αေαα ုိးαုိးαႈ၊ αီαုိαေαα ီေαး၊ α်α္ေαေαးαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαားေαြ αြα္ေျαာα္ေαးα αဲ့ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαး αုα္αα္းေαြα‘αုα္ ေαာα္αα္းαုိေαာα္αြားျαီး αီαုိαေαα ီα αα ္αွာ ααုိαားα‘α္αုံးျαα ္αဲ့ αာαွα္ေαာαုိေαာα္ αူαုα ေαာα့္αေαးααဲ့ ααα်ိဳးαုိ ေαာα္αြားαါျαီ။ α ာαα္းα်ဳα္αα္ ေααα ုαဲ့ ααα»ာ့ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαု αα္αံαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံျαားααီးα α₯္αုိαါ αိαုိα္ႏုိα္αဲ့ αဲαα ္αုံးႏွα့္ αွα္α‘ေαာα္ႏွα ္αα္ေαာα္ααြားααို αΎαα္ေαြαα္းေαာ့ αာαα္းαα္ျαီး αုိα္α ျαα္α ားαဲ့ αာα္αြα္αုိ αုိα္α α‘αုိαူα‘αုိαါ αα္αေαးေαααုိ ျαα ္ေααါျαီ။
αုိα္းαα္းαား αα္αွα္αႈေαြ αွα္ααွ်αုိ α‘α ုိးαေαြααာ αိαိαေαာႏွα့္ αα ္αα္αα္ αα္ααုိ αα္αွα္αဲ့αာα်α္းျαα ္ျαီး ျαα္αူαူαု၏ αေαာαား ေαာα္းαံαႈ αα ္αါαူးαွ ααွိαဲ့αူး။ αါေαΎαာα့္ α‘α္ααα္αα္းαဲ့ αူαα္းα ုျαα ္αဲ့ α်α္းα‘α်ိဳးαား αα ္α်ိဳးαဲαုိ αူα်ိဳးαဲြ αါးαα္ေα်ာ္ျαα ္αဲ့ααα္။ αုိαα္α်ာ αုိα္းαα္းαားျαα ္ αျαα ္ α်ေαာ္αုိα ျαα္αာαြα္α αα္ေαြαဲ့ αေαာαားα ααုိα္α‘αါα‘αα္ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းα ုံ၏ αေαာαားႏွα့္ αα္αူαဲ ျαα ္αα္။ αုိαေαာ္ α‘α ုိးααုα္αူα αူαα္ααုိ αုိα္းαα္းαား ျαα ္ေα αုိ ျαα ္αုိα္၊ αα္ေα αုိ αα္αုိα္αုိαာα်ိဳး αျαα ္αုိα αုိαါαα္။ αါαာ α‘α်ိဳးαားေαး၊ αုိα္းျαα္ α‘α်ဳα္α‘ျαာ၊ αုံျαံဳေαး၊ αုိα္းျαα္α‘αာαα္ႏွα့္ αုိα္αုိα္αα္α α္ေααာαုိα ααုိα္းααာαွα္α်ား၊ ႏုိα္αံေαးαါαီေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα‘αါα‘αα္ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းα ုံ ျαα္αူαူαုαဲ့ αွိႏႈိα္းαုံးျαα္α်α္α‘ααာ ျαα ္αα့္αα္။ α‘αူးαျαα့္ α α ္α‘ာαာαွα္ (αုိαααုα္) α α ္α‘ာαာαွα္αα ္αုိα္း α‘α ုိးαα်ားα ျαα ္ေα ၊ αα္ေα αုိαုိα္း ျαα ္αုိα္၊ αα္αုိα္ αျαα ္αα့္αူး။
αα ္αα္ αူα်ိဳး (ααα)α်ိဳးαုိα αာαုိα αα္αွα္ααာαα္းαုိαာαုိ αα္းα α ္αုိααုိျαα္αါαα္။ (ααα)αါးေαာ αီးေαာα္းαα္းαုိαα ααာαΏαုိαααဲ့ ααာαααΌααα္း၊ α αΎαာαေαးαα္း αုα္α်α္αုိα ααα္ αုံα ံαြα္းေααာαားαုိαာ αံααျαα ္α αာαါ။ αီαုိα ီαံα်α္α်ိဳးႏွα့္ ααာαူα်ိဳးααီးαါααုိ α‘αα္αြα္းαုိα αα္αြα္α်α္α ေαာα္αြα္αွာαွိေααα္ေαာ့ αီαုိαေαα ီျαα္ေαာα္α ုႏုိα္αံ αα္ေαာα္ေαးα‘αြα္ α‘α္ααα္α‘ႏၱαာα္ααီးαါαα္။
ႏုိα္αံေαာ္ αααΌααုံး αႊα္αΎαားေαးαွဴး αုိα္αွဴးေαာ္α¦း(αွဴးေαာ္)α αုိαα္α်ာα‘αΎαα္းαα္ααားေαြ αα္αα္αုိα္ α်ဴးေα်ာ္αုိα αာေαျαီαုိα αူαေα့α ္αြα္αေαျαီး αြαုိα္αါαα္။ ααၤαားαα္ႏွα့္ αီေαာα္αα္αံေαး ေαာα္းေααဲ့α‘α်ိα္αွာ αီααα္း αွα္ ααွα္၊ αွα္αα္αα္း ααၤαားαα္α‘α ုိးαႏွα့္ αူးေαါα္းαုိα္αြα္ααα့္α‘α ား αွဴးေαာ္α αူαားα်α္း α ာαာαႈေαြ၊ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαးေαြ αာαေျαာαဲααုိααုိျαီး αူαုαုိ αာαα္αဲ့ ေαြးαုိးαႈံαေαာ္ေαးαဲ့αα္။ αီαုိαေαα ီႏုိα္αံαုိα ေαΎαြးေα်ာ္ေααဲ့ αααΌαုံးα αႊα္αΎαားေαးαွဴးαုိαဲ့ ααီးαားαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံ့αုα္ေαာα္ αာαα္ααီးαုိ ααုααားαဲ αူααုိα္αူ ေαာ္α αုိαွာ ေα်ာα္းαα္ေααဲ့ ေα်ာα္းαားα α ္αုိα္αေαးαုိ αα္αာေαးျαီး αုိα္αြα္αုံးαုိα ααα္αုိα αα္ေααα္αူαα္။ α်ေαာ္αုိα ေαါα္းေαာα္α‘α်ိဳαααα္း ျαααာαုိ ျαα္αဲ့α‘αါ αα ္αြα္၊ ႏွα ္αြα္၊ α‘αြα္αုံး αါးαြα္ေαာα္αဲ αΏαုိျαα္αα္αူေαြျαα ္ျαီး αα္αြα္ α‘αြα္ႏွα ္αα္αုိ αျαα္αα္ေαာ့ αူαုိααα္αဲ့ α‘αြα္αဲαα္ျαီး ေαြးαူαာ ေαာ္αΎα၊ α်αΎα၊ αα္αΎαျαα ္αုα္αα္။ ααုိα္ျαα္αားေαြျαα ္αဲ့ ααုိα္ႏွα့္ αြα္α αα္ေαြ α‘α်α္းα်α္းα်αΎαေαာ့ ႏွα ္αα္α αုံး α‘αိαာαΎααဲ့α‘ျαα္ ααုိα္ျαα္αဲ့ αုα္ααα္း၊ αုံျαဳံေαး၊ α ီးαြါးေαး αာေαာα္ျαွဳα္ႏွံαႈ၊ αြαံျαိဳးαုိးαα္αႈ ေαွαα‘αားα‘αာေαြαုိ α‘ααီးα‘α်α္ αိαုိα္ေα αါαα္။
α‘ႏွα ္ႏွα ္αα္ေα်ာ္ ျαိα္းα်α္းαဲ့αဲ့ αα်α္αွာαα္း αီαုိαေαα ီα‘α ုိးααုိαူ αα္αာαွαဲ αα ္ႏွα ္ေα်ာ္αΎαာ α α ္ျαα ္ေαျαီး αုαα‘αα္α αိα္းααα္းေαာα္ ေα်ာ္ျαီαုိေαာ့ αုိα္းျαα္ααα္ျαိα္ေα‘ာα္၊ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈေαြ αα္αျαα ္αာေα‘ာα္ ေαြးαုိးαႈံαေαာ္ေααူα်ား αွိေαααားαုိα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α ေαးαြα္းαုα္αဲ့ျαα္းျαα ္αါαα္။ αα္ေαာα္ ααα»ာ့α ီးαြါးေαးαီαာαံαွာ Reckless Optimism αိုα ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α αာေαΎαာα့္ ααိေαးαဲ့αါααဲ။ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲေαြαုိ αုα္αဲ့αα္αုိαဲ့ αုαွား၊ α‘α္αုိαီးαွား၊ αီαα္αα္α‘αါα‘αα္ α‘ာααိαႏုိα္αံα‘α်ားα‘ျαားαွာ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲαႈαဲ့ α‘α်ိဳးα‘ျαα္αုိ αူαုα α‘αုိးα‘αα္းေαာα္ α‘ႏုိα္ႏုိα္ α ုα္ αα္းαဲαြα္း αα္ေααဲျαα ္ျαီး၊ αိႏွိα္α်ဳα္α်α္αဲ့ α₯αေαေαြαုိ αα္αα္αားαွိαာ Cronyism αုိαေαααဲ့ αα္αα ္αုα္α ာ αူαα္α‘ုα္α ုαα ္αα ္αုႏွα့္ α‘α ုိးαေαာα္း၊ α αα ္ေαာα္းααူေαြ αူးေαါα္းျαီး αံα ား၊ α ံα ား၊ αြα ားαြားαွာαုိ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္α αΏαုိျαα္αုိαျαα ္αα္။ α‘αုαုိαα္ αα်α္αိα α₯၊ ျαα္αြα္းျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαိα α₯၊ α‘αုα္ααားαိα α₯၊ αα္ေျαα‘αိα္းαံααႈေαြ၊ αီαီαာ αြα္αα္αႈ၊ ααားα₯αေαα ုိးαုိးαႈ၊ αီαုိαေαα ီေαး၊ α်α္ေαေαးαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံေαးα‘α်α₯္းαားေαြ αြα္ေျαာα္ေαးα αဲ့ ျαဳျαα္ေျαာα္းαဲေαး αုα္αα္းေαြα‘αုα္ ေαာα္αα္းαုိေαာα္αြားျαီး αီαုိαေαα ီα αα ္αွာ ααုိαားα‘α္αုံးျαα ္αဲ့ αာαွα္ေαာαုိေαာα္ αူαုα ေαာα့္αေαးααဲ့ ααα်ိဳးαုိ ေαာα္αြားαါျαီ။ α ာαα္းα်ဳα္αα္ ေααα ုαဲ့ ααα»ာ့ျαိα္းα်α္းေαးαု αα္αံαဲ့ ႏုိα္αံျαားααီးα α₯္αုိαါ αိαုိα္ႏုိα္αဲ့ αဲαα ္αုံးႏွα့္ αွα္α‘ေαာα္ႏွα ္αα္ေαာα္ααြားααို αΎαα္ေαြαα္းေαာ့ αာαα္းαα္ျαီး αုိα္α ျαα္α ားαဲ့ αာα္αြα္αုိ αုိα္α α‘αုိαူα‘αုိαါ αα္αေαးေαααုိ ျαα ္ေααါျαီ။
α‘ေျαα‘ေαေαြ ျαα္αα္ျαိα္αာျαီαုိαα္ αွဴးေαာ္α‘ေαႏွα့္ αα္αα္αုိα္ αုိαα္α်ာα‘αΎαα္းαα္ααားေαြ α‘α
ုαုိα္ α‘ျαံဳαုိα္ αα္αာေααါαα္αုိျαီး αူαုαို αႈံαေαာ္αဲ့αဲ့ αိαိα
ြα္α
ဲြα်α္αုိ αွα္αα္ေαΎαာα္း αα္ေαျααုိα αုိαါαိα့္αα္။ αျαႏုိα္αα္ αူα်ိဳးေαး၊ αာαာေαး α‘αိααုα္းျαα
္ေα‘ာα္ ေαြးαုိးαႈေαΎαာα့္ αူေαာ၊ αူαေα့α
္αြα္ေαာ ေαြးα
ြα္းαြားျαီ ျαα
္αα္။ αααΌααုံး αႊြα္αΎαားေαးαွဴးαုိα္αုိα္α αုိα္းျαα္ ααα္ျαိα္ေα‘ာα္ αႈံαေαာ္αႈααီးαα္းျαα
္αါαα္။ α‘αုαုိ αုိα့္αုိα္းαူျαα္αားα‘α်α္းα်α္း α‘ျαα္α‘αွα္ αီးαႈိα၊ α‘ျαα္α‘αွα္ αα္ျαα္αႈေαြျαα
္αာေα‘ာα္ αႈံαေαာ္ေαးေααဲ့ ေαာα္αြα္α (Mastermind)α‘α္α‘ားα
ုေαြαာ α‘αုံးα်αံ αα္ေαြαျαα
္αႈ α်ဴးαြα္ေααူေαြαα္ αိုα‘ျαα
္ααီးαါαα္။
ααားα₯αေαα ုိးαိုးေαးαုိαာ αုိα္းျαα္αုိ αူα α‘ုα္α်ဳα္αာ ααုα္ααါαူး။ αူα α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ααွာαါ။ αါαီα ုံျαα ္αုိα္း ေαြးေαာα္αဲြေαြαွိαုိα္း αီαုိαေαα ီႏုိα္αံ αျαα ္αာαါαူး။ αါαီα ုံ ေαြးေαာα္αဲြေαြ αွα္αွα္α်α္းαေααဲ့ α‘ာαာαွα္ႏုိα္αံေαြ αုိα္αα္αုိαေαာα္ ααုα္αါαူး။ αူ(Principle) ေαααွာ ααα္αဲ αူαΏαုိα္α်ားေαးαို ေααာα‘αြα္ ေαွ်ာα္αုα္αဲ့αူေαြ α်ားαာαα္ေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိαႏုိα္αံαာ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းα ုံ ျαα္αူαူαု ေαွ်ာ္αα့္ေααဲ့ αီαုိαေαα ီႏုိα္αံ ျαα ္ααာαဲ αီαုိαေαα ီ α‘ေαျαဳံαားαဲ့ α‘ာαာαွα္ႏုိα္αံαာ ျαα ္αြားαါαိα့္αα္။
ααားα₯αေαα ုိးαိုးေαးαုိαာ αုိα္းျαα္αုိ αူα α‘ုα္α်ဳα္αာ ααုα္ααါαူး။ αူα α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ααွာαါ။ αါαီα ုံျαα ္αုိα္း ေαြးေαာα္αဲြေαြαွိαုိα္း αီαုိαေαα ီႏုိα္αံ αျαα ္αာαါαူး။ αါαီα ုံ ေαြးေαာα္αဲြေαြ αွα္αွα္α်α္းαေααဲ့ α‘ာαာαွα္ႏုိα္αံေαြ αုိα္αα္αုိαေαာα္ ααုα္αါαူး။ αူ(Principle) ေαααွာ ααα္αဲ αူαΏαုိα္α်ားေαးαို ေααာα‘αြα္ ေαွ်ာα္αုα္αဲ့αူေαြ α်ားαာαα္ေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိαႏုိα္αံαာ αုိα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းα ုံ ျαα္αူαူαု ေαွ်ာ္αα့္ေααဲ့ αီαုိαေαα ီႏုိα္αံ ျαα ္ααာαဲ αီαုိαေαα ီ α‘ေαျαဳံαားαဲ့ α‘ာαာαွα္ႏုိα္αံαာ ျαα ္αြားαါαိα့္αα္။
αα္αွိေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားαα္ αူေαααွာ αΏα့ံαΏα့ံαံ αα္ααား။ αူαΏαုိα္α်ားαာ αုိα္αုα္ααားαုိαာ αိαိαာαာ ေαးαြα္းαုα္αΎααုိα αုိαါျαီ။
ျαα္αူααြႊα္ေαာ္ α₯αၳαααီး αူαα¦းေαႊαα္းα α်ေαာ္αုိααဲαွာ αေျαာα္းαဲαုိαူေαြ αွိေααါαα္။ αူαုိαα‘α္α‘ားα α‘α္ααα္ ααီးαါαα္αုိα αα္αံαဲ့αါαα္။ αါေαΎαာα့္ αီαုိαေαα ီ αုိα္αဲြαα္ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα‘ေαႏွα့္ αူေαααွာ αΏα့ံαΏαံ့αံαα္ျαီး αီαုိαေαα ီα‘ုα္ျαα ္αုိ α‘αုိα္α‘αာ α်αွα္ααား။ αါးαြα္αာ αါးα ာα်၊ αူαΏαုိα္α်ား ေααျαဴαာျαα ္αဲ့αα္းαုိ ေαွ်ာα္αα္းαွα့္ αေαာαားαα္းαာαူα်ားႏွα့္ αα္αဲြαိျαီး α‘ာαာαွα္αα ္αုိα္း αီαုိαေαα ီႏုိα္αံαα္ေαာα္ျαီး αုိα္းျαα္αုိ αα္းαႊဲ ေα်ာα္α်αုိα္αΎαααားαုိαာα αေαα α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ားαုံးα‘αြα္ α ိα္ေααα်α္ျαα ္αါαα္။ α်ေαာ္αုိααဲ့ α‘αာαα္ αα္းေαΎαာα္းαုိ αုံေααျαα္းျαα ္αါαα္။
ျαα္αူααြႊα္ေαာ္ α₯αၳαααီး αူαα¦းေαႊαα္းα α်ေαာ္αုိααဲαွာ αေျαာα္းαဲαုိαူေαြ αွိေααါαα္။ αူαုိαα‘α္α‘ားα α‘α္ααα္ ααီးαါαα္αုိα αα္αံαဲ့αါαα္။ αါေαΎαာα့္ αီαုိαေαα ီ αုိα္αဲြαα္ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα‘ေαႏွα့္ αူေαααွာ αΏα့ံαΏαံ့αံαα္ျαီး αီαုိαေαα ီα‘ုα္ျαα ္αုိ α‘αုိα္α‘αာ α်αွα္ααား။ αါးαြα္αာ αါးα ာα်၊ αူαΏαုိα္α်ား ေααျαဴαာျαα ္αဲ့αα္းαုိ ေαွ်ာα္αα္းαွα့္ αေαာαားαα္းαာαူα်ားႏွα့္ αα္αဲြαိျαီး α‘ာαာαွα္αα ္αုိα္း αီαုိαေαα ီႏုိα္αံαα္ေαာα္ျαီး αုိα္းျαα္αုိ αα္းαႊဲ ေα်ာα္α်αုိα္αΎαααားαုိαာα αေαα α်ေαာ္αုိαα‘ားαုံးα‘αြα္ α ိα္ေααα်α္ျαα ္αါαα္။ α်ေαာ္αုိααဲ့ α‘αာαα္ αα္းေαΎαာα္းαုိ αုံေααျαα္းျαα ္αါαα္။
αီα‘αုိα္းαုိ αα
္αုαုေαာ့ α‘ααီးα‘α်α္ αွားေαျαီ αα္αα္α်ာ။
ေα‘ာα္αα္
αြα္ (αα)၊ αααα
αြα္ (αα)၊ αααα
αွα္α်α္။ ။ αီα ာေαးαဲ့α‘αါ αα္α်ားαုိ αα္ေαါα္းα ုံα αုိα္းαုိα္αΎααα္αုိျαီး αိα္ေαြα‘α်ိဳαα αေαးαုိα αားαα္။ α်ေαာ္αα္း αိα္ေαးα်α္αွαုိαေαာ့ ααုα္αူး။ αုိုα္α်ဳα္ေα‘ာα္αα္းα “αူαΏαုိα္α်ားαုိα္း αုိα္းျαα္ ေα်ာα္αဲα်αဲ့αα္းαုိ αုိα္ααုα္ႏုိα္αူး” αုိαဲ့ α αားαုိ α¦းαိα္αားျαီး αုိα္းျαα္α‘αြα္၊ αိုα္းαα္းαားေαါα္းα ုံ ျαα္αူαူαုα‘αြα္ α‘α္ααα္ ေαးαα့္αα္ ေαာα္ျααα့္αα္αုိα αုံαΎαα္αုိα αွားေααဲ့ αα္းေα်ာαုိ ααုိα္αဲ αΎαα္းျαီး α‘ႏၱαာα္α်ားႏုိα္αဲ့ αα္းαွα္၊ αα္းαΎαα္းαုိ ေαြးαုိα္ျαα္းျαα ္αါαα္။ α‘α်α္α‘αα္ႏွα့္ αα္ျαα္αုα္ααားαုိ α‘ေျααံαဲ့ αုα္αျαα္ ေαြးေႏြးαႈα်ားαုိ αΏαိုαုိαါαα္။ α်ေαာ္ αေαးαာαုိ α‘ေαးαုα္၊ α်ေαာ္ αေျαာαာαုိ α‘ေျαာαုα္ျαီး αုိα္းျαα ြာ ေαြးေႏြးαာα်ိဳးαုိေαာ့ ααΏαုိαုိαါ။
αိα္ေαြα်ား
αα
္ႏုိα္αံαုံးα α‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲျαα
္ေααေαးαုိ α‘ာαုံα
ုိα္ေααဲ့α‘α်ိα္၊ ႏွα
္αα့္αα
္αာα
ုႏွα
္ αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး၊ αီαုိαေαα
ီေαးႏွα့္ ျαα္ေαာα္α
ုα‘αα
္α‘αြα္ ေαွ်ာ္αα့္ေααΎααဲ့α‘α်ိα္αွာ αွα
္ေαးαုံးαα္αုိα္αွာ αူαိ်ဳးေαး αုα္းαီးαႈေαြαုိ αႈိα္αႈိα္ααီး αα္ေααေαာ့ α
ိα္αေαာα္း ျαα
္αိαါαα္။ α
α္ααၤာ (αα)၊αααααွာ αုိαα္းျαα္ေαာ္αာα αုαားαာ αုαား၊ ႏြားαာ ႏြား၊ ေα
ာα္αုαား α
αျαα့္ေαာα္ αုိαာαါေαာ့αα္။
α‘ိႏα΅ိααုိα္αα္ (α‘ိႏα΅ိα၊ αါαα
α₯αα္၊ ααၤαာαα္αွ္αုိααာ ααααααုိα္αီα ႏုိα္αံαα
္αုαα္း ျαα
္αဲ့αါαα္။)α αူေαြαုိ αုαားαုိα ေααုα် αုိαΎααါαα္။ αုαားαုိαာ ααုိα္းαα္ α‘αုံးα‘ႏႈံးျαα
္αဲ့ေααဲ့ ααုα‘αါαွာေαာ့ αုαားေαြαုိ αုိαα္းျαα္ေαာ္αာ αုိαုိα္ααုိ ႏြားႏွα့္ ေα
ာα္αုαား ေααာαွာαာ αုံးေαာ့αာαိုα αုαားαု ေααျαα္းαα္ αူα်ိဳးေαး ႏွိα့္α်ေα
ာ္αားαႈ ျαα
္αြားαါျαီ။ (αီααုိးαုိαာ ααုိα္းαα္ α‘αα္ျαα
္αါαα္။ αူαဲα်ိဳးႏြα္αα
္αုαုံးαုိ ႏွိα့္α်ေααျαα္းျαα
္αα္αုိα αားαα္αာαဲ့α‘αါαွာ αα₯္ေα်းαဲ့ αူαα‘αဲြαα‘α
α္းα αူေαြα αα္းαုိααုိ ααုိα္းα
α₯္αာα‘α αီααုိးαုိα ေαααဲ့αုိα α‘αုαα္း ေααααα္αုိα αေαာα္းαုိαΎααါαူး။)
αα
္αα္ေαာ့ αီေα
ာα္αုαား αုိαူေαြαံα αα္α
ားαα္αα္αႈ၊ ေαးααာ၊ ααα‘α္ααာ၊ ျαα္αူααီαိ၊ αာαာေαး၊ αα₯္ေα်းαႈေαြαာαα αေααααာ၊ ααုိα္၊ αြα္၊ ααα္ေαြ ေαးေα၊ αုံးေααဲ့ αααီး၊ αေαြးαုိαဲ့ α
ာေααုိαါ ααူαားααα္း ααုိα္းα‘αα္α‘αွားαါ။ αူα်ိဳးαုိα္းαွာ α‘α်ားα αူေαာα္းျαα
္ျαီး αူαုိးαုိαာ αူαα္းα
ုျαα
္αါαα္။ αူαα္းα
ုαဲ့ α‘αုိးေαΎαာα့္ αူα်ိဳးαα
္α်ိဳးαုံးαုိ αိα္းαΏαုံးႏွိα့္α် αဲေαးαုိα္းαြာျαα္းα αိαိαဲ့ αα္αုိα္ αα₯္ေα်းαႈ α‘ားαα္းျαα္းေαΎαာα့္αာ ျαα
္αါαိα့္αα္။ αုαားαုα္း၊ ααုα္αုα္း၊ αုိα္းαုα္း၊ ααα္αုα္း၊ ααုိα္αုα္း၊ αြα္αုα္းα
αဲ့ αူα်ိဳးαုα္းαီးαႈေαြα αααာα
ုαွာ ေαာ္αα့္αါျαီ။ α‘α
α₯αာα္αာαာ αုိးαြα္αာႏွα့္ αုိα့္ႏုိα္αံαားေαြαုိ αုαားαုိα ႏွိα္ေαααာα်ိဳးαုိαα္း ααုα္αα့္αΎααါαူး။
αုိαα္α်ာαုိ αုိα္းαα္းαားα‘ျαα
္ αα္ααံႏိုα္αူးαုိαူေαြαဲ့ α‘ျαα္αုိ ေαးα
ားαါαα္။ ေျαာαြα့္αα္း αွိαΎααါαα္။ α်ေαာ္αုိα္αုိα္ααα္း αုိαα္α်ာαα္ αုိα္းαα္းαားျαα
္ αျαα
္αုိ ααုိα္းααာαွα္ေαြ၊ αုိα္းျαα္α‘ုα္α်ဳα္αဲ့ α‘α
ုိးα၊ αုိα္းαα္းαားျαα္αူေαြ၊ ႏုိα္αံေαးေαါα္းေαာα္ေαြααာ α‘ေαα‘α်ာ ေα့αာျαီးαွ αုံးျαα္αα့္αα္αုိα αူααားαူ ျαα
္αါαα္။ αုိαေαာ္ αုိαα္α်ာαုိ αုိα္းαα္းαားα‘ျαα
္ αုိးαုိးαားαား αα္ααံαာႏွα့္ αုိαα္α်ာαုိαူေαြαုိ αဲေαးαာ၊ αုα္းαီးαာα ααူαါαူး။
ေαာα္αα
္α်α္ ααိαားαΎααုိαα αုိαα္α်ာေαြαုိ αα
္αα္ႏုိα္αံα αုိးαα္αာαူေαြαုိျαီး α
α
္α‘α
ုိးαα‘αα္αα္α ေαးααိα္ေαာα္ α‘α
ုαုိα္ α‘ျαံဳαုိα္ ေαာα္းαုα္αုိα္ျαီး αα
္αα္ ေαးααိα္αုံးαဲ ႏုိα္αံαားေαြျαα
္αα္αုိျαီး α‘α
ုαုိα္ α‘ျαံဳαုိα္ ျαα္αα္αံαုိα္αုα္ေααာ ျαα
္αါαα္။ αုိαα္α်ာေαြαာ αα
္αα္αဲ αα
္αα္ႏုိα္αံα ႏုိα္αံျαားαား ααၤါαီေαြαုိαα္ αာ့ေαΎαာα့္ α‘ααိα္αုိα္းαွာ ႏုိα္αံαားα‘ျαα
္ αα္αွα္ျαီး ျαα္αα္αံ ေαααာαα္း αုိαာαုိေαာ ေαြးαိαူး αါαဲ့αား။ αα
္αα္ေαာ့ ααုိα္αူα်ိဳးေαြαဲ့ αြα္ေျαာα္ေαးα
ိα္αါα္ႏွα့္ αီαြα္ေαးα‘α္α‘ားαုိ α်ိဳးႏွိα္αုိα αုိαα္α်ာျαααာαုိ α
α
္α‘α
ုိးαေαြα ααα္αα္αီးေαးျαီး αုိαα္α်ာαုိαူေαြ αါးα
ားαံαုα္αားαာαုိ ααိαူαα့္αΎααါαα္။
αုိαြα္းαံေαα α¦းαα္ေαာα္ေα
ာαဲ့ Religious and Arakan αုိαဲ့α
ာαα္းαွာ ααုိα္αုαα္ αα္းေα
ာαြα္αုိ αα္းျαα္αα္αုိα ααုိαုαα္၊ ααုိေαြ၊ αါαွα္းေαြα αα္αုိα္ေαးαα္αုိα αုိαါαα္။ αွားαါαα္။ ααုိα္ေαြαဲ့ ေαာα္းαΎαα္αα္းαα္ ျαဳα္ေα‘ာα္ αုαα္αα္းေα
ာαြα္αုိ α‘α္းααုαα္αα္းေαါα္αဲ့ αားေαာ္αα္းαဲေα်ာ္α
ြာ αုိα္αုα္αုိα္αာα αααα ျαα
္αါαα္။ α‘ိႏα΅ိααုိα္αα္αွာ ααုိα‘α္αါαာ(Maghoul Dynasty)α αα
ααα αααα α‘αိျαα
္αာαုိα αα္းေα
ာαြα္ႏွα့္ ααုိα αာαွ ααုိα္αါαူး။ αါျαα့္ αα္းေα
ာαြα္αုိ αα္းျαα္αα္ေαးαာ αα္αူေαြαဲ။
αα္းαဲေα်ာ္α
ြာေαΎαာα့္ αုαα္αα္းေα
ာαြα္ ααႏွα
္αုံး αြα္ေျαးαုိαႈံေααာα αုိα‘ာα αြα္α
αα္ α
ူα္αα္αုαα္αံαွာ ျαα
္αါαα္။ ααၤါαီαုαα္ျαα
္αα္ αα္αါαα္။ αα္းေα
ာαြα္αုိ αα္းျαα္αα္αုိα α‘ဲαီα
ူα္αα္αုαα္α αုိα္α်ဳα္ααီαα္ႏွα့္ α
α
္αα္ αα
္ေαာα္း (α‘α်ိဳαေααာαွာ α
α
္αα္αါးေαာα္းαုိα αုိαါαα္။)αို ေα
αႊα္ျαီး ျαα္αုိα္ေαးαဲ့αါαα္။ αုိα္α်ဳα္ ααီαα္α αα္းေα
ာαြα္αုိ ျαα္αုα္αα္ αα္းαီးျαီး αုαα္αα္αုα္αာေαΎαာα့္ α
ူα္αα္αုαα္α α‘α်α္αြα္ျαီး αုိα္α်ဳα္α
α္αီαα္αုိ α
α
္αα္α‘α္α‘ား ႏွα
္αႏွα့္ αα္αႊα္ျαီး ααီαα္αုိ αုိα္αုα္αာ αα္းေα
ာαြα္αုိ αα္းျαα္αα္ေαးαဲ့ααါαα္။ ααα္းα‘ားျαα့္αုိေαာ္ ααုိα္ေαြαဲ့ ျαဳα္α်αြားαဲ့ ေαာα္းαΎαα္αα္းαα္αုိ ေျαာα္α¦းαα္းαα္α‘ျαα
္ ျαα္αα္ α‘αα္αα္ αα္α့ံေαးαုိ α‘αုααၤါαီαုαားαုိαေαααဲ့ αြα္α
αα္ေαြαဲ့ ေαြးႏွα့္ αα္ေαာα္ေαးαားαဲ့ ααုိα္းα‘ေαာα္α‘αားျαα
္αါαα္။ ေျαာα္α¦းαα္းαα္αုိ α‘α္ααα္ αα္αွားျαီး α‘ေαးαါαဲ့ ααုိα္းαုိα္αာαိα
α₯αွာ ααုိα္းααာαွα္ α¦းαα္ေαာα္ေα
ာα αာ့ေαΎαာα့္ ααα္ႏွα့္ ααၤါαီαုိ ေαာေαႊαα
္ααဲαုိαာ αာααံαွα္αာ αိαွာαါ။ (α‘ဲαီ α¦းαα္ေαာα္ေα
ာααဲ αိႏွိα္αႈေαြေαΎαာα့္ α‘αα္αုိ ααဲ့ႏုိα္αΎααဲ αα္αα္αဲ αြα္ေျαးαာαΎααဲ့ αုိαα္α်ာေαွα
ီး αုαα‘αα္ေαြαုိ ျαα္αာေααα္α αα္αα္αဲαွာ αα္းαီးαုိα္ႏွα္ျαီး αα္αα္αဲ ျαα္αႊα္αဲ့αိα
α₯αွာ ααွိαဲ့ αါα္αာေαြα αုိαα္α်ာαုိαူေαြα αူα်ားေαြα ααားေα‘ာα္ αုိα့္αိုαုိα္ ျαα္αုိα္αားαာαါαုိα αα
ာααာ α‘ေαာα္α‘αားαဲ့ αုိαα္αဲ့αူျαα
္αါαα္။ ααာαွα္αွα္αα္ α‘ေαာα္α‘αားαဲ့ ααုိαα့္αါαူူး။)
α်αα္α αα္ααီးααာαွα္ α¦းαြα္αေαႊααα္း αုိαα္α်ာαုိαူေαြαဲ့ αုα္αုိαΎαα့္ျαီး ေαာα္းαုα္αα္αုိαာျαα္ေαာ့ αα္αားαဲ့ ααာေαြαဲαွာ Racism ααါေαးαူးαုိα αα္αါαα္။ α‘ဲαီ αα္ααီးααာαွα္ α¦းαြα္αေαႊααဲ ααုိα္αုαα္ေαြ αြα္α
αα္αဲြαေαြαံαာ αုαားαေαြႏွα့္ αူးα်α္αုိααုိα ေαါα္αα္αα αိုျαα္αါαα္။ ααုိα္ααာαွα္ေαြα αါααုα္αူး၊ ααုα္αာαုိ α‘αုα္αုα္ျαီး αေျαာαΎααဲααုိα ααα္ααြα္αΎααါαူး။ αူαုိα ααα္ျαα
္αုိα ျαα
္ေαာα္း ျαα
္αါαိα့္αα္။
Respond to Press Release of Rohingya, 2009 αုိαဲ့ α
ာαα္းαွာ α¦းαα္ေαာα္ေα
ာα
To show his gratitude to the Sultan he (Min Saw Mun) asked what he could do. The Sultan persuaded him to be converted into Islam but he refused; however, he promised the Sultan that the Arakanese kings would bear Pseudonym Muslim Titles. ေαးαားαဲ့αါαα္။
ααုိα္αုαα္αα္းေα
ာαြα္α αူααုိ αα္းျαα္αα္ေαးαဲ့ (αူα်ိဳးααူ αာαာျαား) α
ူα္αα္αုαα္αုိ ေα်းαူးαα္αုိαα္αααဲ ေαးαဲ့α‘αါ၊ α
ူα္αα္αုαα္α α‘α
α₯αာα္αာαာαုိ αα္αံαုိαေျαာαဲ့αα္။ αုαα္αα္ေα
ာαြα္α αα္ααံαဲ့ႏုိα္αဲ့ေααဲ့ ေαာα္αာေαာα္αား ααုိα္αုαα္ေαြαွာ αြα္α
αα္αဲြααုိ αံαူေα
ααα္αုိα ααိေαးαဲ့αါαα္။ (αူαုိα္αုိα္α αြα္α
αα္αဲြαα‘αα္ αူေααα္αွားαုိ α
αα္αံαူαဲ့αါαα္။)
α
α
္αုိα္α်ဳα္ααီး ααာαႏαΆဳαα ααα္းျαα္αုိ α်ီαα္αိα္းαုိα္αဲ့α‘αါαွာ ααα္းαွာ ေαα်α္αဲ့αဲ့ ျαα္αာαα္αုိα္αα္αားေαြα ααα္းαေαြႏွα့္ α‘ိα္ေαာα္α်αုα္ျαီး ααုαုိα္ ျαα္αာααα္း αျαားα‘ျαα
္ႏွα့္ ααုαုိα္ α‘αα္α‘αွားαွိေααါαα္။ αုαα္αα္းေα
ာαြα္αုိ αα္းျαα္αα္αုိα ႏွα
္ααိα္αုိα္ α
α
္αဲြαα္ႏႊဲျαီးေαာα္αုိα္း ααုိα္αα္းαြα္းေαးαွာ αြα္α
αα္ေαြ αα္ေαာα္ αα္αုိးαြားαဲ့ααဲαုိαα္ ααုိα္αုαα္ေαြαုိ αူαုိαα
ိα္αΏαုိα္ αα္α်α္αဲ့α‘αါ αα္၊ ျαဳα္α်α္αဲ့α‘αါ ျαဳα္α‘αိေα‘ာα္ αုα္ႏုိα္αဲ့αဲ့ αာαα်ိဳးαα္ αွိαဲ့αူးαါαα္။ α‘ႏွα
္ αုံးαာαီးαါး ααုိα္αα္းαြα္းေαးေαြαွာ α‘αွိα္α‘αါααီးαဲ့αဲ့ ေαာα္းႏွα့္α်ီαဲ့ αြα္α
αα္ αα္αုိα္၊ αα္αားေαြαာ αူαုိαα‘αိ်ဳးααီးေαြαုိ ααၤαားα αေαααာႏုိα္αΎααါαူး။ α‘ဲေαာ့ αီα
α
္αားα‘ုα္ααီးα ααုိα္αွာ αူαα αွိျαီးαား αြα္α
αα္αေαြႏွα့္ α‘ိα္ေαာα္α်αΎααα္αုိαα္ α‘ဲαီαာαα ααုိα္αွာ αြα္α
αα္ေαြ ေαာα္းα်ီαွိေααုိα ျαα
္αွာαါ။ αြα္αဲ့αဲ့ α‘ႏွα
္ေျαာα္αာေαာα္α ေαာα္းα်ီαဲ့ αြα္α
αα္αူα
ုααီးα α‘αုα‘αါαွာ αူα¦းေα αα္ေαာα္ αုိးαြါးႏိုα္αα္αုိαာ αα်ၤာααာαွα္α်ား αြα္αႏုိα္αါαα္။
α‘ဲαီαုα္းα ααုိα္αွာ αြα္α
αα္ေαြ αူαααα္းα ေαာα္းႏွα့္α်ီျαီး ααွိαဲ့αူးαုိαα္ αီα
α
္αားေαြ αα္α‘α်ိဳးααီးေαြႏွα့္ α‘ိα္ေαာα္α်αုα္ααဲ αုိαာαုိαα္း α
α₯္းα
ားႏုိα္αΎααါαα္။ ααာαွα္αွα္αα္ ααုိα္းαုိ αေျααီးαွα့္ေαာα္ααုိ αုိα္αΏαုိα္αα္ ေαာα္αα္။ αုိα္ααΏαုိα္αα္ αα္αα္ ααုα္αα့္αါαူး။ ααုိα္းαွα္ αိαွ ααၤα္းα
ာαူႏုိα္αွာαုိα ααုိα္းαုိ α်ိဳးα်α
္α
ိα္ႏွα့္ ေαးαα္ α်ိဳးα်α
္ααုိα္းαာ ျαα
္αွာαါ။ ααုိα္းေαာ့ ျαα
္αာαွာ ααုα္αါαူး။
αြာαား (α
ာေαးααီးαိα္) αုိαူααα္း αုိαုα္းေα်ာ္αံ ေαးα
ာαွာ αုαားေαြα ααုိα္ေαြαုိ α‘α
ုαုိα္ α‘ျαံဳαုိα္ αα္ျαα္αုံေαြαုိ ေαΎααဲြαြα္αာ ေαးαားαားαဲ့α‘αြα္ α‘ေαာ္ေαး α
ိα္αိαုိα္αိαါαα္။ ေαΎαြαဲြ ေαါαျαα
္α
αာαါ။ αုိαေαာ္ αါα ααုိα္းαα
္ျαα္းαဲ့ ျαα
္αါαα္။ ေαာα္αα
္ျαα္းαုိαါေαးαα္။ ααုိα္ေαါα္းေαာα္αα
္α¦းαα္းျαα
္၊ ααုိα္းαုေααီαα
္α¦းαα္းျαα
္αူ αα
္α¦းα α်ေαာ့αုိ “αုိေα‘ာα္αα္၊ αα
္αα္ေαာ့ α်ေαာ္αုိα ααုိα္ေαြα ααုိα္ျαα္ေαာα္αုိα္းαွာ ααၤါαီ(αုိαα္α်ာ)ေαြαုိ αα္αာα αုိαΎαα္း αုိαုိးαါαα္α်ာ” αုိαေျαာαူးαါαα္။ αα္αူα်ိဳးα αα္αူα်ိဳးαုိ αα္αα္ αေαာα္းαါαူး။
αုိαα္α်ာαုိαူေαြαာ ααုိα္ျαα္αα္αွာ ααုိα္αူα်ိဳးျαီးαα္ αုαိα α‘α်ားαုံး αူα်ိဳးျαα
္αါαα္။ αီαုαိαα‘α္α‘ားα‘ααီးαုံး αူα
ုααီးαုိ α်ိဳးျαဳα္ေα‘ာα္ αα္αα
္αုိα ααႏုိα္ααုိ၊ αိျαားေα‘ာα္ αိႏွိα္αားαုိααα္း αααါαူး။ αα္αူαΏαုိα္αΏαုိα္ ααΏαုိα္αΏαုိα္ αီαူα်ိဳးα
ုααီးα ααုိα္ေαြႏွα့္ αုိးαူေαာα္းαα္ α‘α
α₯္αြα္αဲြ ေαေααွာαါ။ αုαိαα‘α်ားαုံး αူα်ိဳးα
ုႏွα့္ α‘ααီးαုံးαူαိ်ဳးα
ုααီးαုိα α‘α်α္းα်α္း αုα္းαီးαα့္ααား၊ αုα္းαီးαာေα‘ာα္ αုိα္းေျαွာα္ေαးαα့္ααား၊ ျαα
္ႏုိα္αဲ့ေαာα္α‘αြα္း (ႏုိα္αံαားα‘ျαα
္ႏွα့္ျαα
္ျαα
္) αားαα္αႈ၊ ေျαျαိα္းαႈေαြααွိေα‘ာα္ αူαီေαးαα့္ααားαုိαာ α
α₯္းα
ားαα့္αΎααါαα္။ αူαုိαα αုိα္းαα္းαားျαα
္α်α္αိုα ေαာα္းαုိေααα္း ေαာα္းαုိαာα αူαုိαα‘αုα္ျαα
္αါαα္။
α‘αိα္ααုိα္းαွာ αုိαα္α်ာαုိαူေαြႏွα့္ ααုိα္ေαြ ေα‘းα်α္းα
ြာ ေααဲ့αΎααဲ့ αာαေαြαα္း α‘αွα္αဲ αွိαဲ့αါαα္။ ααာေαါα္αာ α¦းေα‘းα်α္းα αူαα္α
α₯္αွာ ααုိα္ေαြႏွα့္ ααၤါαီေαြ αα့္ျαα္α
ြာ α‘αူေααဲ့ α
ားαဲ့ αα
ားαဲ့αုံေαြαုိ α်ေαာ့αုိ ေျαာαူးαါαα္။
αα္αုိααα္ ျαα
္ေα
αာαူ၊ αာα
ုႏွα
္ေαါα္းα်ားα
ြာα α‘ေျαα‘ေαα‘αα္αα္ေαΎαာα့္ ααုိα္ျαα္αဲ α‘αα့္αα့္ αα္ေαာα္αဲ့αဲ့ αြα္α
αα္α‘ုα္α
ုေαြαာ α‘αုေαာα္αုိα္း αုိးαα္αာαဲ့ αုိαα္α်ာαုိαူေαြ ααုα္αူးαုိαα္αα္း αါαာ α‘ေαးαါαဲ့ α‘α်α္ျαα
္αါαα္။ ေαွးααα္းα ေααုိα္αူေαြႏွα့္ ေαာα္αွ αုိးαα္αာαူေαြαုိ αဲြျαားαα္αွα္αုိααေα‘ာα္ αΏαုိးα
ားαΎαααွာျαα
္αါαα္။ αုိα့္ႏုိα္αံαားေαြαα္း α‘αα္αေျααုိα αူα်ားႏုိα္αံ αုိးαα္αာေαြ αွိαါαα္။ αဲေαာα္αုိα၊ αေαာα္းαုိααွာ α‘αα္α αုိα္းαုိα္αα္ααားαုိ αα္αα္ေαးျαီး ααာေαြαုိ αα္αုိα္းαုိαααα္αုိαေαာα္ αΎαားαူးαါαα္။ αုိးαα္αာαူေαြαုိ α₯αေαα‘α α‘ေαးαူαာႏွα့္ αိαα
α¦ာα္ေαြαုိ αေαာαားαာα ααူαါαူး။
ေα‘ာα္αα္ α
α္ααၤာ αα၊ αααα
-
αြα္α αα αα္ ၊ αααα Source: guardian.co.uk ျαα္αာျαα္αα ္α‘αြα္ α‘αာαα္αွာ ေα‘ာα္ျαα္αွာαား၊ α်αွဳံးαွာαားαိုαα္αို αႊα္ျαေαာ α α္းαα္αွဳ αα ... -
MP U Shwe Maung Explained on Amendment 1982 Citizenship Law on 25 July 2012. MP U Shwe Maung explained on amendment of 1982 Citizenship Law... -
αα္α ြဲ – ေα αα ၊ αααα αို ့ α‘α္αီαာ၊ αိαα₯α₯αာ ααα္းαာα αိαα₯α₯αာ ααα္းαာααွ ေαα αα αα္ေα ့ αုα္ျαα္αα့္ αα္းျαဲαြα္ α‘αα္ αα ႏွ...
-
Read letter here Read history of Rohingya here Download letter PDF here Download History of Rohingya PDF here credi... -
RB News March 31, 2018 Minbya, Arakan State : On March 30 morning, a Prayer Leader or Imam was brutally beaten and injured by a Rakh... -
More than 40% of people living in Burma belong to one of the military-ruled nation's different minority groups. The government recognis...
-
12/07/2012 Joint press release HUMANITY GONE ... -
By Dr. Maung Zarni Since the first wave of Rohingya genocide in Feb 1978 which expelled nearly 200,000 refugees from all across Wester... -
αူαားαိုα္း ααα့္ααိုα္ေαာ ααိုα္αြα့္၊ αံα ားαြα့္ α်ားαို αူα်ိဳးαာαာαေαြး ααွိαα့္αါαα္။ αိုααွαာ Human Rights – (αူαα‘αြα့္α‘ေαး) αိုαα္αို... -
"Although mass killings and exterminations of human races were some sort of things that the world experienced during Nazi German p...
Popular Posts
Threatwiki
Amartya Sen: Burma's "slow genocide" of Rohingyas
Watch Professor Amartya Sen speak on what he calls Burma's 'slow genocide' of Rohingya, Harvard, 4 Nov 2014
